T.t.larensis Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 T.t.septentrionalis Brabourne & Chubb, 1913 T.t.tao Temminck, 1815 T.s.pernambucensis Berla, 1946 T.o.hershkovitzi Blake, 1953 T.o.osgoodi Conover, 1949 T.m.robustus P.L.Sclater & Salvin, 1868 T.m.percautus van Tyne, 1935 T.m.fuscipennis Salvador, 1895 T.m.brunneiventris Aldrich, 1937 T.m.castaneiceps Salvadori, 1895 T.m.saturatus Griscom, 1929 T.m.major (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) T.m.serratus (Spix, 1825) T.m.olivascens Conover, 1937 N.b.frantzii (Lawrence, 1868) N.b.bonapartei (G.R. Gray, 1867) N.b.intercedens Salvadori, 1895 N.b.discrepans Friedmann, 1947 N.b.plumbeiceps Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1922 N.n.nigrocapillus (G.R. Gray, 1867) C.s.meserythrus (P.L. Sclater, 1859) C.s.modestus (Cabanis, 1869) C.s.capnodes Wetmore, 1963 C.s.poliocephalus (Aldrich, 1937) C.s.panamensis (Carriker, 1910) C.s.andrei (Brabourne & Chubb, 1914) C.s.harterti (Brabourne & Chubb, 1914) C.s.caquetae (Chapman, 1915) C.s.nigriceps (Chapman, 1923) C.s.albigularis (Brabourne & Chubb, 1914) C.s.inconspicuus Carriker, 1935 C.o.cerviniventris (Sclater & Salvin, 1873) C.o.knoxi W.H. Phelps, Jr., 19761 C.o.ochraceiventris (Stolzmann, 1926) C.o.traylori Blake, 1961 C.o.punensis (Chubb, 1917) C.o.griseiventris (Salvadori, 1895) C.o.hypochraceus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1938)2 C.u.manapiare Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1952 C.u.adspersus (Temminck, 1815) C.u.vermiculatus (Temminck, 1825) C.u.undulatus (Temminck, 1815) C.e.columbianus (Salvadori, 1895) C.e.margaritae Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1948 C.n.zabele (Spix, 1825) C.n.noctivagus (Wied, 1820) C.a.atrocapillus (Tschudi, 1844) C.a.garleppi (Berlepsch, 1892) C.c.occidentalis (Salvadori, 1895) C.c.mexicanus (Salvadori, 1895) C.c.soconuscensis Brodkorb, 1939 C.c.vicinior Conover, 1933 C.c.sallaei (Bonaparte, 1856) C.c.delattrei (Bonaparte, 1854) C.c.praepes (Bangs & Peters, 1927) C.b.boucardi (P.L. Sclater, 1859) C.t.peruvianus (Cory, 1915)3 R.r.catingae Reiser, 1905 R.r.maculicollis G.R. Gray, 1867 N.o.branickii Taczanowski, 1875 N.p.perdicaria (Kittlitz, 1830) N.p.sanborni Conover, 1924 N.c.parvimaculata Olrog, 1959 N.p.ambigua Cory, 1915 N.p.niethammeri Koepcke, 1968 N.p.oustaleti Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1901 N.p.fulvescens Berlepsch, 1902 N.p.pentlandii (G.R. Gray, 1867) N.p.mendozae Banks & Bohl, 1968 N.p.doeringi Cabanis, 1878 N.c.curvirostris Sclater & Salvin, 1873 N.c.peruviana Taczanowski, 1886 N.d.peruviana Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1906 N.d.agassizii Bangs, 1910 N.d.boliviana Salvadori, 1895 N.d.salvadorii E. Hartert, 1909 N.d.darwinii G.R. Gray, 1867 N.m.cearensis Naumburg, 1932 N.m.major (Spix, 1825) N.m.paludivaga Conover, 1950 N.m.pallida Olrog, 1959 N.m.annectens Conover, 1950 N.m.submontana Conover, 1950 N.m.nigroguttata Salvadori, 1895 E.e.intermedia (Dabbene & Lillo, 1913) E.e.magnistriata Olrog, 1959 E.e.riojana Olrog, 1959 E.e.albida (Wetmore, 1921) E.e.wetmorei Banks, 1977 E.e.numida Banks, 1977 E.e.elegans I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832 E.e.multiguttata Conover, 1950 E.e.devia Conover, 1950 E.e.patagonica Conover, 1950 †?S.c.syriacus Rothschild, 1919 S.c.molybdophanes S.c.massaicus Neumann, 1898 S.c.australis J.H. Gurney, 1868 R.a.americana (Linnaeus, 1758) R.a intermedia Rothschild & Chubb, 1914 R.a.nobilis Brodkorb, 1939 R.a.albescens Lynch & Holmberg, 1878 P.p.tarapacensis Chubb, 1913 P.p.pennata (d’Orbigny, 1834) D.n.rothschildi (Mathews, 1912) D.n.novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790)9 A.a.mantelli A.D. Bartlett, 1852 11 12 A.a.australis Shaw, 1813 A.a.lawryi Rothschild, 1893 N.m.sabyi E. Hartert, 1919 N.m.galeatus Pallas, 17673 N.m.somaliensis Neumann, 1899 N.m.marungensis Schalow, 18845 N.m.papillosus Reichenow, 18946 N.m.coronatus J.H. Gurney, 1868 G.p.plumifera (Cassin, 1857) G.p.schubotzi Reichenow, 1912 G.p.sclateri Reichenow, 1898 G.p.barbata Ghigi, 19059 G.p.edouardi T.s.sewerzowi Przevalski, 1876 T.s.secunda Riley, 1925 T.p.parvirostris Bonaparte, 185619 T.p kamschaticus Kittlitz, 1858 L.t.britannicus Witherby & Lönnberg, 1913 L.m.muta (Montin, 1781) L.m.millaisi E. Hartert, 1923 L.m.pyrenaica E. Hartert, 1921 L.m.ridgwayi L.m.kurilensis N. Kuroda, Sr., 1924 L.m.japonica Clark, 1907 L.m.capta J.L. Peters, 1934 L.m.hyperborea Sundevall, 1845 L.m.islandorum (Faber, 1822) L.l.lerwa (Hodgson, 1833) L.l.major R. Meinertzhagen, 1927 T.c.tauricus Dresser, 1876 35 T.c.semenowtianschanskii Zarudny, 1908 T.h.incognitus Zarudny, 191137 T.h.grombczewskii Bianchi, 1898 A.g.whitakeri Schiebel, 1934 A.c.sinaica (Bonaparte, 1858) A.c.werae (Zarudny & Loudon, 1904)45 A.c.pallida (Hume, 1873)48 A.c.pallescens (Hume, 1873) A.c.chukar (J.E. Gray, 1830) A.c.pubescens (Swinhoe, 1871)49 A.b.koenigi (Reichenow, 1899) A.b.barbara (Bonnaterre, 1792) A.b.barbata (Reichenow, 1896) A.r.hispanica (Seoane, 1894) A.r.intercedens (A.E. Brehm, 1857)52 A.r.corsa (Parrot, 1910) A.m.melanocephala A.h.nicolli E. Hartert, 1919 A.h.cholmleyi P.p.petrosus P.p.brehmi Neumann, 1908 P.p.major Neumann, 1908 F.f.francolinus (Linnaeus, 1766)57 F.f.arabistanicus Zarudny & Härms, 1913 F.f.bogdanovi Zarudny, 190658 F.f.henrici Bonaparte, 1856 F.f.melanonotus Hume, 1888 F.p.pallidus (J.E. Gray, 1831)60 F.p.pictus (Jardine & Selby, 1828) F.p.phayrei (Blyth, 1843) F.p.pintadeanus (Scopoli, 1786) F.p.mecranensis Zarudny & Härms, 1913 F.p.interpositus E. Hartert, 191761 F.p.pondicerianus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)62 F.l.lathami Hartlaub, 1854 F.c.spinetorum Bates, 1928 F.c.hubbardi F.a.albogularis Hartlaub, 1854 F.a.buckleyi Ogilvie-Grant, 1892 F.l.kikuyuensis Ogilvie-Grant, 189769 F.l.crawshayi F.s.uluensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1892 F.s.whytei Neumann, 1908 F.p.psilolaemus G.R. Gray, 1867 F.p.elgonensis Ogilvie-Grant, 189171 F.l.gutturalis (Rüppell, 1835)72 F.l.lorti Sharpe, 1897 F.l.jugularis Büttikofer, 188974 F.s.spilogaster Salvadori, 188877 F.s.grantii Hartlaub, 1866 F.s.rovuma G.R. Gray, 186778 F.s.squamatus Cassin, 185781 F.a.ahantensis Temminck, 1851 F.h.hartlaubi Bocage, 1869 F.h.altumi Fischer & Reichenow, 1884 F.n.neavei Mackworth-Praed, 1920 F.n.natalensis A. Smith, 183487 F.b.ogilviegranti Bannerman, 192289 F.c.clappertoni Children, 1826 F.c.konigseggi Madarász, 1914 F.c.heuglini Neumann, 1907 F.c.sharpii Ogilvie-Grant, 1892 F.c.nigrosquamatus Neumann, 190291 F.c.gedgii Ogilvie-Grant, 189192 F.c.ogoensis Mackworth-Praed, 1920 F.c.castaneicollis Salvadori, 188897 F.c.atrifrons Conover, 1930 F.a.harterti (Reichenow, 1909) F.a.leucoparaeus Fischer & Reichenow, 1884 F.a.melanogaster (Neumann, 1898)103 F.a.afer (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776)104 F.a.swynnertoni (W.L. Sclater, 1921) F.a.castaneiventer (Gunning & Roberts, 1911)105 P.p.armoricana E. Hartert, 1917 P.p.sphagnetorum (Altum, 1894) P.p.hispaniensis Reichenow, 1892 P.p.italica E. Hartert, 1917 P.d.suschkini M.n.niger (Vigors, 1829) M.n.borneensis (Rothschild, 1917) C.c.inopinata C.c.erlangeri C.d.delegorguei Delegorgue, 1847 C.d.histrionica Hartlaub, 1849 C.d.arabica Bannermann, 1929 C.y.raaltenii (S. Müller, 1842)118 C.y.pallidior (E. Hartert, 1897) C.y.saturatior (E. Hartert, 1930) C.y.plumbea (Salvadori, 1894)119 C.y.australis C.y.ypsilophora Bosc, 1792 C.c.chinensis C.c.trinkutensis (Richmond, 1902) C.c.palmeri (Riley, 1919) C.c.papuensis Mayr & Rand, 1936 C.c.lepida (Hartlaub, 1879) C.c.victoriae (Mathews, 1912)123 C.c.colletti (Mathews, 1912) P.a.punjaubi Whistler, 1939 P.a.asiatica (Latham, 1790) P.a.vidali Whistler & Kinnear, 1936 P.a.vellorei Abdulali & Reuben, 1964125 P.a.argoondah (Sykes, 1832) P.a.salimali Whistler, 1943 P.e.blewitti (Hume, 1874) P.e.erythrorhyncha (Sykes, 1832) P.m.inglisi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1909) P.m.manipurensis Hume, 1880 A.t.millardi (E.C.S. Baker, 1921) A.t.interstincta Ripley, 1951 A.t.batemani (Ogilvie-Grant, 1906) A.t.griseata Delacour & Jabouille, 1930 A.r.rufogularis (Blyth, 1850) A.r.intermedia (Blyth, 1856)129 A.r.tickelli (Hume, 1880) A.r.euroa (Bangs & Phillips, 1914) A.r.guttata Delcour & Jabouille, 1928 A.r.annamensis (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) A.b.henrici (Oustalet, 1896) A.b.albigula (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) A.c.cambodiana Delacour & Jabouille, 1928 A.c.diversa Riley, 1930 A.j.javanica (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)132 A.j.lawuana M. Bartels, Jr., 1938 A.c.charltonii (Eyton, 1845) A.c.atjenensis Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1940133 A.c.tonkinensis (Delacour, 1927) A.c.graydoni (Sharpe & Chubb, 1906) A.c.chloropus (Blyth, 1859) A.c.cognacqi (Delacour & Jabouille, 1924) A.c.merlini (Delacour & Jabouille, 1924) A.c.vivida (Delacour, 1926) A.c.olivacea (Delacour & Jabouille, 1928) C.o.oculeus (Temminck, 1815) C.o.ocellatus (Vigors, 1829) C.o.borneensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1892 B.f.hopkinsoni Godwin-Austen, 1874137 B.t.thoracicus (Temminck, 1815) B.t.sonorivox Gould, 1863 G.s.spadicea (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) G.s.caurina Blanford, 1898 G.s.stewarti E.C.S. Baker, 1919 I.c.cruentus (Hardwicke, 1821) I.c.affinis Beebe, 1912 I.c.tibetanus E.C.S. Baker, 1914 I.c.rocki Riley, 1925141 I.c.geoffroyi J. Verreaux, 1867 I.c.berezowskii Bianchi, 1903142 I.c.beicki Mayr & Birckhead, 1937 I.c.michaelis Bianchi, 1903 I.c.sinensis David, 1873 T.b.blythii (Jerdon, 1870)143 T.c.guangxiensis Cheng & Wu, 1979 P.m.nipalensis Gould, 1855 P.m.meyeri Madarász, 1886 P.m.xanthospila G.R. Gray, 1864 P.m.joretiana Heude, 1883 G.g.murghi Robinson & Kloss, 1920146 G.g.jabouillei G.g.gallus (Linnaeus, 1758) G.g.bankiva Temminck, 1813 L.l.leucomelanos (Latham, 1790) L.l.moffitti (Hachisuka, 1938) L.l.williamsi (Oates, 1898) L.l.oatesi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1893)150 L.n.rongjiangensis Tan & Wu, 1981 L.n.fokiensis Delacour, 1948 L.n.whiteheadi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1899) L.n.rufipes (Oates, 1898) L.n.ripponi (Sharpe, 1902) L.n.beaulieui Delacour, 1948 L.n.berliozi (Delacour & Jabouille, 1928) L.n.beli (Oustalet, 1898) L.n.annamensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1906) L.n.lewisi (Delacour & Jabouille, 1928) L.n.engelbachi Delacour, 1948 L.i.inornata (Salvadori, 1879) L.i.rufa (Raffles, 1822) L.i.macartneyi (Temminck, 1813) L.i.nobilis (P.L. Sclater, 1863) L.i.ignita (Shaw, 1797) S.h.humiae (Hume, 1881) S.h.burmanicus (Oates, 1898) S.s.scintillans (Gould, 1866) S.s.soemmerringi (Temminck, 1830) S.s.ijimae (Dresser, 1902) P.c.colchicus P.c.talischensis Lorenz, 1888 P.c.persicus Severtsov, 1875 P.c.principalis P.L. Sclater, 1885 P.c.chrysomelas Severtsov, 1875 P.c.zarudnyi P.c.zerafschanicus Tarnovski, 1893 P.c.mongolicus J.F. Brandt, 1844 P.c.shawii Elliot, 1870 P.c.tarimensis Pleske, 1888 P.c.vlangalii Przevalski, 1876 P.c.strauchi Przevalski, 1876 P.c.sohokotensis Buturlin, 1908 P.c.satscheuensis Pleske, 1892 P.c.hagenbecki Rothschild, 1901 P.c.edzinensis Sushkin, 1926 P.c.alaschanicus Alphéraky & Bianchi, 1908 P.c.suehschanensis Bianchi, 1906 P.c.rothschildi La Touche, 1922 P.c.formosanus Elliot, 1870 P.v.robustipes N. Kuroda, Sr., 1919160 P.v.tohkaidi Momiyama, 1922 P.c.scutulatum Chasen, 1941 P.c.chalcurum (Lesson, 1831) P.b.bakeri P.R. Lowe, 1925 P.b.bicalcaratum (Linnaeus, 1758)161 P.b.ghigii (Delacour & Jabouille, 1924) P.b.katsumatae Rothschild, 1906 R.o.ocellata (Elliot, 1871) R.o.nigrescens (Rothschild, 1902) A.a.grayi (Elliot, 1865) A.a.argus (Linnaeus, 1766) P.m.muticus Linnaeus, 1766 D.a.autumnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) D.a australis Reichenbach, 1850 T.l.insularis Richmond, 1897 A.f.serrirostris Swinhoe, 1871 A.a.elgasi Delacour & Ripley, 1975 A.a.flavirostris Dalgety & Scott, 1948 B.c.leucopareia (J.F. Brandt, 1836) B.c.minima Ridgway, 1885 B.c.occidentalis (S.F. Baird, 1858) B.c.fulva Delacour, 1951 B.c.maxima Delacour, 1951 B.c.parvipes (Cassin, 1852) B.c.hutchinsii (Richardson, 1832) B.c.interior Todd, 1938 B.b.bernicla (Linnaeus, 1758) C.c.columbianus (Ord, 1815) H.m.hymenolaimus Mathews, 1937 M.a.leucogenis (Tschudi, 1843) M.a.turneri Sclater & Salvin, 1869 M.a.garleppi Berlepsch, 1894 M.a.berlepschi E. Hartert, 1909 M.a.armata Gould, 184214 P.g.gambensis (Linnaeus, 1766) P.g.niger P.L. Sclater, 1877 C.p.picta (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) C.p.leucoptera (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) C.h.hybrida (Molina, 1782) C.h.malvinarum J.C. Phillips, 1916 T.r.radjah (Lesson, 1828) T.r.rufitergum E. Hartert, 1905 N.c.albipennis Gould, 1842 A.p.conboschas C.L. Brehm, 1831 A.p.diazi Ridgway, 1886 A.f.fulvigula Ridgway, 1874 A.p.poecilorhyncha J.R. Forster, 1781 A.p.haringtoni (Oates, 1907) A.u.ruppelli Blyth, 1855 A.c.borreroi Snyder & Lumsden, 1951 A.r.rhynchotis Latham, 180231 A.r.variegata (Gould, 1856) A.g.albogularis (Hume, 1873)32 A.b.galapagensis (Ridgway, 1889) A.f.altipetens (Conover, 1941) A.f.andium (Sclater & Salvin, 1873) †?A.g.niceforoi Wetmore & Borrero, 1946 A.g.georgica J.F. Gmelin, 1789 A.e.eatoni (Sharpe, 1875) A.e.drygalskii Reichenow, 1904 A.c.nimia Friedmann, 1948 A.a.australis (Eyton, 1838)39 A.a.extima Mayr, 1940 M.m.americanus Cassin, 1852 O.j.rubida (A. Wilson, 1814) O.j.jamaicensis (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) P.p.papua (J.R. Forster, 1781)2 E.c.chrysocome (J.R. Forster, 1781) E.m.novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826) E.m.iredalei Mathews, 1911 E.m.variabilis Kinsky & Falla, 1976 E.m.albosignata Finsch, 1874 E.m.chathamensis Kinsky & Falla, 1976 T.m.melanophrys (Temminck, 1828) T.b. bulleri (Rothschild, 1893) 11 T.b.subsp. ? T.c.eremita Murphy, 1930 T.c.salvini (Rothschild, 1893) F.g.rodgersii Cassin, 1862 D.c.capense (Linnaeus, 1758) †?P.h.caribbaea Carte, 1866 P.r.trouessarti (Brasil, 1917) C.d.edwardsii (Oustalet, 1883) P.a.auricularis C.H. Townsend, 1890 P.a.newelli Henshaw, 1900 P.l.persicus Hume, 1873 P.l.gunax Mathews, 193034 P.l.subalaris Ridgway, 1897 P.l.lherminieri Lesson, 1839 P.l.loyemilleri Wetmore, 1959 P.a.baroli (Bonaparte, 1857) P.a.tunneyi Mathews, 1912 P.a.assimilis Gould, 1838 P.a.myrtae Bourne, 195938 P.m.eadesi Bourne, 1953 P.m.marina (Latham, 1790) P.m.albiclunis Murphy & Irving, 1951 F.g.titan Murphy, 1928 F.t.melanoleuca Salvadori, 1908 P.u.dacunhae Nicholl, 190615 P.u.berard (Gaimard, 1823) P.u.coppingeri Mathews, 1912 T.r.iraquensis (Ticehurst, 1923) T.r.cotabato (Rand, 1948) T.n.javanicus (Mayr, 1943) T.n.fumosus (Mayr, 1943) T.n.incola (Mayr, 1943) T.n.leucosternos (Mayr, 1931) T.n.rennellianus (Mayr, 1931) T.d.brachypterus (Chapman, 1899) T.d.bangsi (van Rossem & Hachisuka, 1937) T.d.dominicus (Linnaeus, 1766) P.p.antillarum Bangs, 1913 R.r.morrisoni (Simmons, 1962) R.r.rolland (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) P.m.navasi Manghi, 1984 P.c.infuscatus Salvadori, 1884 P.o.juninensis Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894 A.c.clarkii (Lawrence, 1858) A.l.madagascariensis A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 C.c.asiatica Severtsov, 1873 T.a.aethiopicus (Latham, 1790) T.a.abbotti (Ridgway, 1893) T.a.bernieri (Bonaparte, 1855)1 B.o.cupreipennis (Reichenow, 1903) †?B.o.rothschildi (Bannerman, 1919) B.o.bocagei (Chapin, 1923) B.o.akleyorum (Chapman, 1912) B.h.hagedash (Latham, 1790) P.i.nudifrons (Spix, 1825) L.c.cristata (Boddaert, 1783) L.c.urschi Lavauden, 1929 P.l.balsaci Naurois & Roux, 1974 P.l.archeri Neumann, 1928 T.f.fasciatum (Such, 1825) T.f.pallescens Olrog, 1950 C.c.zeledoni (Ridgway, 1885) C.c.ridgwayi Dickerman, 1973 C.c.panamensis Griscom, 1926 C.c.cochlearius (Linnaeus, 1766) B.p.caribaeus Dickerman, 1961 I.e.pullus van Rossem, 1930 I.e.limoncochae Norton, 19653 I.e.bogotensis Chapman, 1914 I.e.peruvianus Bond, 1955 I.m.podiceps (Bonaparte, 1855) I.m.dubius Mathews, 1912 D.f.woodfordi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1888) N.n.obscurus Bonaparte, 1855 N.n.falklandicus E. Hartert, 1914 N.c.pelewensis Mathews, 1926 N.v.violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) N.v.pauper (Sclater & Salvin, 1870) B.v.frazari (Brewster, 1888) B.s.rutenbergi (Hartlaub, 1880) B.s.rhizophorae Salomonsen, 1934 B.s.degens E. Hartert, 1920 B.s.albolimbata Reichenow, 1900 B.s.moluccarum E. Hartert, 1920 B.s.papuensis Mayr, 1940 B.s idenburgi Rand, 1941 B.s.macrorhyncha (Gould, 1848) 14 B.s.stagnatilis (Gould, 1848)15 B.s.patruelis (Peale, 1848) B.s.solomonensis Mayr, 1940 A.c.monicae Jouanin & Roux, 1963 A.h.fannini Chapman, 1901 A.h.herodias Linnaeus, 175817 A.h.cognata Bangs, 1903 A.p.madagascariensis van Oort, 1910 A.a.egretta J.F. Gmelin, 1789 S.s.fostersmithi Friedmann, 1949 E.i.brachyrhyncha (A.E. Brehm, 1854) E.r.dickeyi (van Rossem, 1926) E.g.gularis (Bosc, 1792) E.s.albolineata (G.R. Gray, 1859) P.a.aethereus Linnaeus, 1758 P.a.indicus Hume, 1876 P.l.catesbyi J.F. Brandt, 1838 P.l.lepturus Daudin, 1802 P.l.fulvus J.F. Brandt, 1838 F.m.nicolli Mathews, 1914 F.m.aldabrensis Mathews, 1914 F.m.ridgwayi Mathews, 1914 F.a.iredalei Mathews, 1914 P.o.occidentalis Linnaeus, 1766 P.o.carolinensis J.F. Gmelin, 1789 P.o.californicus Ridgway, 1884 P.o.murphyi Wetmore, 1945 P.o.urinator Wetmore, 1945 P.o.thagus Molina, 1782 S.n.excisa Todd, 1948 S.d.dactylatra Lesson, 1831 S.d.melanops Heuglin, 1859 S.d.californica Rothschild, 1915 S.s.rubripes Gould, 1838 S.s.websteri Rothschild, 1898 S.l.leucogaster (Boddaert, 1783) S.l.brewsteri Goss, 18884 P.m.brevicauda Mayr, 1931 P.m.brevirostris Gould, 1837 P.a.africanus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) P.a.pictilis Bangs, 1918 P.b.mexicanus (J.F. Brandt, 1837)12 P.b.brasilianus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)13 P.a.cincinatus (J.F. Brandt, 1837) P.v.hypoleucos (J.F. Brandt, 1837) P.c.carbo (Linnaeus, 1758) P.c.sinensis (Blumenbach, 1798) P.c.hanedae N. Kuroda, Sr., 1925 P.c.maroccanus E. Hartert, 1906 P.c.lugubris Rüppell, 1845 P.a.nivalis Falla, 1937 P.a.albiventer (Lesson, 1831) P.p.pelagicus Pallas, 1811 P.p.resplendens Audubon, 1838 P.a.riggenbachi E. Hartert, 1923 P.a.desmarestii (Payraudeau, 1826) P.p.punctatus (Sparrman, 1786) A.m.rufa (Daudin, 1802) A.m.vulsini Bangs, 1918 A.m.novaehollandiae (Gould, 1847) A.a.leucogaster (Vieillot, 1816) A.a.anhinga (Linnaeus, 1766) C.a.aura (Linnaeus, 1758) C.a.septentrionalis Wied, 1839 C.a.ruficollis Spix, 1824 C.a.jota (Molina, 1782) M.c.temucoensis W.L. Sclater, 1918 H.c.chapmani Bangs & Penard, 1918 H.c.cachinnans (Linnaeus, 1758)7 M.r.zonothorax (Cabanis, 1865) M.r.pelzelni Ridgway, 1876 M.r ruficollis (Vieillot, 1817) M.r.olrogi Amadon, 1964 M.s.naso (Lesson, 1842) P.s.castanotus (Heuglin, 1860) P.i.insignis Walden, 1872 P.i.cinereiceps E.C.S. Baker, 1927 P.i.harmandi (Oustalet, 1876) M.c.caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) M.c.burmanicus Swann, 1920 F.t.objurgatus (E.C.S. Baker, 1927) F.t.canariensis (Koenig, 1890) F.t.dacotiae E. Hartert, 1913 F.t.neglectus Schlegel, 1873 F.t.alexandri Bourne, 1955 F.t.rupicolaeformis (C.L. Brehm, 1855) F.t.archeri Hartert & Neumann, 1932 F.n.newtoni (J.H. Gurney, 1863) F.n.aldabranus Grote, 1928 F.s.paulus (Howe & King, 1902) F.s.peninsularis Mearns, 1892 F.s.tropicalis (Griscom, 1930) F.s.nicaraguensis T.R. Howell, 1965 F.s.sparverioides Vigors, 1827 F.s.dominicensis J.F. Gmelin, 1788 F.s.caribaearum J.F. Gmelin, 1788 F.s.brevipennis (Berlepsch, 1892) F.s.isabellinus Swainson, 1837 F.s.ochraceus (Cory, 1915) F.s.caucae (Chapman, 1915)17 F.s.aequatorialis Mearns, 1892 F.s.peruvianus (Cory, 1915) F.s.cearae (Cory, 1915) F.r.arthuri (J.H. Gurney, 1884) F.c.chicquera Daudin, 1800 F.f.septentrionalis Todd, 1916 F.f.femoralis Temminck, 1822 F.f.pichinchae Chapman, 1925 F.c.subaesalon C.L. Brehm, 1827 F.c.aesalon Tunstall, 1771 F.c.pallidus (Sushkin, 1900) F.c.suckleyi Ridgway, 1873 F.c.richardsoni Ridgway, 1871 F.s.streichi Hartert & Neumann, 1907 F.l.hanieli Hellmayr, 1914 F.b.berigora Vigors & Horsfield, 182722 F.b.occidentalis (Gould, 1844) F.b.erlangeri Kleinschidt, 1901 F.b.tanypterus Schlegel, 1843 F.b.abyssinicus Neumann, 1904 F.p.cassini Sharpe, 187327 F.p.fruitii Momiyama, 1927 F.p.madens Ripley & Watson, 1963 F.p.radama Hartlaub, 1861 F.p.macropus Swainson, 183728 P.h.haliaetus (Linnaeus, 1758) P.h.carolinensis (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) P.h.ridgwayi Maynard, 1887 A.c.cuculoides Swainson, 1837 A.j.ceylonensis (Legge, 1876) A.j.borneensis (Brüggemann, 1876) A.j.magnirostris (Kaup, 1847) A.j.celebensis (Schlegel, 1873) A.s.timorlaoensis (A.B. Meyer, 1894) A.s.rufa (Schlegel, 1866) A.s.stresemanni (Siebers, 1930) A.s.reinwardtii (Schlegel & Müller, 1841) A.s.pallida (Stresemann, 1913) A.s.waigeuensis Mayr, 1940 A.s.obscura Junge, 1956 A.s.stenozona (G.R. Gray, 1858) A.s.coultasi Mayr, 1945 A.s.bismarckii (Sharpe, 1888) A.s.gurneyi (E.P. Ramsay, 1882)4 A.s.subcristata (Gould, 1838)5 A.l.wolfei Deignan, 1948 A.l.leuphotes (Dumont, 1820)6 A.l.andamanica Abdulali, 1970 C.u.uncinatus (Temminck, 1822)8 C.u.mirus Friedmann, 1934 C.u.wilsonii (Cassin, 1847) P.p.ruficollis Lesson, 1830 P.p.ptilorhynchus (Temminck, 1821)12 P.p.palawanensis Stresemann, 1940 P.p.philippensis Mayr, 1939 P.c.celebensis Wallace, 1868 P.c.winkleri Gamauf & Preleuthner, 1998 E.f.forficatus (Linnaeus, 1758) M.a.alcinus Bonaparte, 1850 M.a.papuanus Mayr, 1940 G.s.leonae Chubb, 1918 G.s.magnus Chubb, 1918 G.s.swainsonii Vigors, 1825 E.c.caeruleus (Desfontaines, 1789) E.l.majusculus Bangs & Penard, 1920 E.l.leucurus (Vieillot, 1818) R.s.plumbeus Ridgway, 1874 R.s.levis Friedmann, 1933 R.s.major Nelson & Goldman, 1933 H.b.bidentatus (Latham, 1790) M.m.fasciicauda E. Hartert, 1914 M.m.formosanus N. Kuroda, Sr., 1920 M.m.aegyptius (J.F. Gmelin, 1788)19 H.i.indus (Boddaert, 1783) H.i flavirostris Condon & Amadon, 1954 H.a.albicilla (Linnaeus, 1758) H.a.groenlandicus C.L. Brehm, 1831 H.l.washingtoniensis (Audubon, 1827)20 H.l.leucocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766) H.p.pelagicus (Pallas, 1811) H.p.niger Heude, 1887 G.b.barbatus (Linnaeus, 1758) N.p.percnopterus (Linnaeus, 1758) ¶N.p.majorensis Donázar et al., 2002 N.p.ginginianus (Latham, 1790) G.r.erlangeri Salvadori, 1908 G.f.fulvus (Hablizl, 1783) G.f.fulvescens Hume, 1869 S.c.cheela (Latham, 1790) S.c.melanotis (Jerdon, 1844) S.c.spilogaster (Blyth, 1852) S.c.burmanicus Swann, 1920 S.c.ricketti W.L. Sclater, 191933 S.c.malayensis Swann, 1920 S.c.davisoni Hume, 1873 S.c.minimus Hume, 187334 S.c.perplexus Swann, 1922 S.c.hoya Swinhoe, 1866 S.c.rutherfordi Swinhoe, 1870 S.c.pallidus Walden, 1872 S.c.richmondi Swann, 192235 S.c.natunensis Chasen, 1934 S.c.sipora Chasen & Kloss, 1926 S.c.batu Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1939 S.c.asturinus A.B. Meyer, 1884 S.c.abbotti Richmond, 1903 S.c.bido (Horsfield, 1821) S.c.baweanus Oberholser, 1917 S.c.palawanensis W.L. Sclater, 1919 S.r.rufipectus Gould, 1858 S.r.sulaensis (Schlegel, 1866) D.s.spectabilis (Schlegel, 1863) D.s.batesi Sharpe, 1904 C.a.harterti Zedlitz, 1914 C.s.spilothorax Salvadori & D'Albertis, 1875 C.m.maillardi J. Verreaux, 1862 C.m.macrosceles A. Newton, 186340 P.t.pectoralis Sharpe, 1903 M.m.theresae R. Meinertzhagen, 1939 M.m.ignoscens Friedmann, 1928 M.m.neumanni E. Hartert, 1914 M.g.niger (Vieillot, 1823) M.g.aequatorius Clancey, 1987 M.g.gabar (Daudin, 1800) A.t.peninsulae Koelz, 1949 A.t.layardi (Whistler, 1936) A.t.trivirgatus (Temminck, 1824) A.t.niasensis Mayr, 1949 A.t.javanicus Mayr, 1949 A.t.microstictus Mayr, 1949 A.t.palawanus Mayr, 1949 A.t.castroi Manuel & Gilliard, 1952 A.t.extimus Mayr, 1945 A.t.macroscelides (Hartlaub, 1855) A.t.lopezi (Alexander, 1903) A.t.toussenelii (J. & E. Verreaux, 1855) A.t.canescens (Chapin, 1921) A.t.unduliventer (Rüppell, 1836) A.t.croizati Desfayes, 1974 A.t.pembaensis Benson & Elliott, 197545 A.c.castanilius Bonaparte, 1853 A.c.beniensis Lönnberg, 1917 A.b.dussumieri (Temminck, 1824) A.b.badius (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) A.b.poliopsis (Hume, 1874) A.b.butleri (J.J. Gurney, 1898) A.b.obsoletus (Richmond, 1902) A.f.francesii A. Smith, 1834 A.f.griveaudi Benson, 1960 A.f.pusillus (J.H. Gurney, 1875) A.f.brutus (Schlegel, 1866) A.n.mortyi E. Hartert, 1925 A.n.griseogularis (G.R. Gray, 1860) A.n.obiensis (E. Hartert, 1903) A.n.hiogaster (S. Müller, 1841) A.n.pallidiceps (Salvadori, 1879) A.n.albiventris (Salvadori, 1875) A.n.leucosomus (Sharpe, 1874) A.n.misoriensis (Salvadori, 1875) A.n.pallidimas Mayr, 1940 A.n.misulae Mayr, 1940 A.n.lavongai Mayr, 1945 A.n.matthiae Mayr, 1945 A.n.manusi Mayr, 1945 A.n.dampieri (J.H. Gurney, 1882) A.n.lihirensis Stresemann, 1933 A.n.malaitae Mayr, 1931 A.n.pulchellus (E.P. Ramsay, 1881) A.n.novaehollandiae (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) A.f.natalis (Lister, 1889) A.f.tjendanae Stresemann, 1925 A.f.stresemanni Rensch, 1931 A.f.savu Mayr, 1941 A.f.hellmayri Stresemann, 192247 A.f.buruensis Stresemann, 191448 A.f.dogwa Rand, 1941 A.f.polycryptus Rothschild & Hartert, 1915 A.f.vigilax (Wetmore, 1926) A.f.didimus (Mathews, 1912) A.f.fasciatus (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) A.m.melanochlamys (Salvadori, 1875) A.m.schisacinus (Rothschild & Hartert, 1903)49 A.a.eichhorni E. Hartert, 1926 A.a.albogularis G.R. Gray, 1870 A.e.erythropus (Hartlaub, 1855) A.v.fuscipectus Mees, 1970 A.v.besra Jerdon, 1839 A.v.vanbemmelli Voous, 1950 A.v.rufotibialis Sharpe, 1887 A.v.virgatus (Temminck, 1822) A.v.quinquefasciatus Mees, 1984 A.v.abdulalii Mees, 1981 A.e.ceramensis (Schlegel, 1862) A.c.rosselianus Mayr, 1940 A.c.cirrhocephalus (Vieillot, 1817)55 A.r.rhodogaster (Schlegel, 1862) A.r.sulaensis (Schlegel, 1866) A.n.wolterstorffi Kleinschmidt, 1901 A.n.punicus Erlanger, 1897 A.n.granti Sharpe, 1890 A.r.perspicillaris (Rüppell, 1836) A.r.rufiventris A. Smith, 1830 A.s.velox (A. Wilson, 1812) A.s.suttoni van Rossem, 1939 A.s.madrensis Storer, 1952 A.s.fringilloides Vigors, 1827 A.s.striatus Vieillot, 180858 A.s.venator Wetmore, 1914 A.g.gundlachii Lawrence, 1860 A.g.wileyi Wotzkow, 1991 A.b.fidens Bangs & Noble, 1918 A.b.bicolor (Vieillot, 1817) A.b.pileatus (Temminck, 1823) A.b.guttifer Hellmayr, 1917 A.g.albidus (Menzbier, 1882) A.g.fujiyamae (Swann & Hartert, 1923) A.g.arrigonii (O. Kleinschmidt, 1903) A.g.apache van Rossem, 1938 K.m.monogrammicus (Temminck, 1824) K.m.meridionalis (Hartlaub, 1860) G.c.livens Bangs & Penard, 1921 G.c.nigra (Du Bus, 1847)64 G.c.balzarensis W.L. Sclater, 1918 G.c.gracilis (Temminck, 1821) G.c.flexipes J.L. Peters, 1935 L.a.ghiesbreghti (Du Bus, 1845)66 L.a.costaricensis W.L. Sclater, 1919 L.a.williaminae Meyer de Schauensee, 1950 B.a.utilensis Twomey, 1956 B.a.gundlachii (Cabanis, 1855) B.u.urubitinga (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) P.u.harrisi (Audubon, 1837)68 P.u.unicinctus (Temminck, 1824) B.n.nigricollis (Latham, 1790) B.n.leucocephalus (Vieillot, 1816) H.s.sheffleri (van Rossem, 1948)69 A.n.plagiata Schlegel, 1862 A.n.costaricensis Swann, 1922 A.n.nitida (Latham, 1790) A.n.pallida Todd, 1915 B.m.griseocauda Ridgway, 1873 B.m.conspectus (J.L. Peters, 1913) B.m.gracilis (Ridgway, 1885) B.m.sinushonduri Bond, 1936 B.m.petulans van Rossem, 1935 B.m.alius (Peters & Griscom, 1929) B.m.magnirostris (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) B.m.occiduus (Bangs, 1911) B.m.saturatus (Sclater & Salvin, 1876) B.m.nattereri (Sclater & Salvin, 1869) B.m.magniplumis (Bertoni, 1901) B.m.pucherani (J. & E. Verreaux, 1855) B.l.lineatus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) B.l.alleni Ridgway, 1885 B.l.extimus Bangs, 1920 B.l.texanus Bishop, 1912 B.l.elegans Cassin, 1856 B.p.cubanensis Burns, 1911 B.p.brunnescens Danforth & Smyth, 1935 B.p.insulicola Riley, 1908 B.p.rivierei Verrill, 1905 B.b.fuliginosus P.L. Sclater, 1858 B.b.brachyurus Vieillot, 1816 B.a.hypospodius J.H. Gurney, 1876 B.a.colonus Berlepsch, 1892 B.a.albicaudatus Vieillot, 1816 B.j.alascensis Grinnell, 1909 B.j.harlani (Audubon, 1830) B.j.calurus Cassin, 1856 B.j.borealis (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) B.j.kriderii Hoopes, 187372 B.j.socorroensis Nelson, 1898 B.j.fuertesi Sutton & Van Tyne, 1935 B.j.fumosus Nelson, 1898 B.j.hadropus Storer, 1962 B.j.kemsiesi Oberholser, 1959 B.j.costaricensis Ridgway, 1874 B.j.umbrinus Bangs, 1901 B.o.oreophilus Hartert & Neumann, 1914 B.o.trizonatus Rudebeck, 1957 B.r.cirtensis (Levaillant, 1850) B.l.sanctijohannis (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) B.a.archeri W.L. Sclater 1918 I.m.perniger (Hodgson, 1836) I.m.malayensis (Temminck, 1822) A.p.hastata (Lesson, 1831)78 A.r.vindhiana Franklin, 1831 A.c.japonica Severtsov, 1888 A.c.daphanea Severtsov, 1873 A.c.canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758) A.a.audax (Latham, 1802)82 A.a.fleayi Condon & Amadon, 1954 H.f.renschi Stresemann, 1932 S.c.cirrhatus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) S.c.ceylanensis (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) S.c.andamanensis Tytler, 1865 S.c.floris (E. Hartert, 1898) S.n.kelaarti Legge, 1878 S.n.orientalis Temminck & Schlegel, 184488 S.p.philippensis Gould, 1863 S.n.nanus Wallace, 1868 S.n.stresemanni Amadon, 1953 S.t.serus Friedmann, 1950 S.t.tyrannus (Wied, 1820) S.o.vicarius Friedmann, 1935 S.p.batesi Bannerman, 1922 S.a.antonii Madarŕsz & Neumann, 1911 S.a.affinis (A. Smith, 1828) C.k.berliozi (Salomonsen, 1934) C.k.kioloides (Pucheran, 1845) C.n.goldmani (Nelson, 1904) M.s.chapmani (Naumburg, 1930) R.r.rubra (Schlegel, 1871) R.r.klossi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1913) 6 R.r.telefolminensis (Gilliard, 1961) R.f.dryas (Mayr, 1931) R.f.forbesi (Sharpe, 1887) R.m.mayri (E. Hartert, 1930) R.e.amauroptera (Jerdon, 1864) R.e.sepiaria (Stejneger, 1887) R.e.formosana Seebohm, 1894 R.e.alvarezi Kennedy & Ross, 1987 R.e.eurizonoides (Lafresnaye, 1845) R.e.minahasa Wallace, 1863 A.c.castaneiceps (Sclater & Salvin, 1868) A.v.brunnescens (Todd, 1932) L.a.cinereiceps (Lawrence, 1875) L.a.albigularis (Lawrence, 1861) L.a.cerdaleus Wetmore, 1958 L.j.murivagans (Riley, 1916) L.j.tuerosi Fjeldsĺ, 1983 L.j.salinasi (Philippi, 1857) N.p.woodfordi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1889)10 N.p.tertius Mayr, 1949 †?N.p.poecilopterus (Hartlaub, 1866) G.a.greyi (Buller, 1888) G.a.australis (Sparrman, 1786) G.a.scotti (Ogilvie-Grant, 1905) G.t.torquatus (Linnaeus, 1766)12 G.t.celebensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)13 G.t.sulcirostris (Wallace, 1863)14 G.t.kuehni (Rothschild, 1902) G.t.limarius (J.L. Peters, 1934) G.p.andrewsi (Mathews, 1911) G.p.wilkinsoni (Mathews, 1911) G.p.admiralitatis (Stresemann, 1929) G.p.lesouefi (Mathews, 1911) G.p.sethsmithi (Mathews, 1911) G.p.swindellsi (Mathews, 1911) G.p.goodsoni (Mathews, 1911) G.p.ecaudatus (J.F. Miller, 1783) G.p.assimilis (G.R. Gray, 1843) †G.p.macquariensis (Hutton, 1879) G.p.randi (Mayr & Gilliard, 1951) G.p.mellori (Mathews, 1912)16 G.s.obscurior (Hume, 1874)19 G.s.jouyi (Stejneger, 1886) G.s.taiwanus (Yamashina, 1932) G.s.striatus (Linnaeus, 1766)20 R.l.obsoletus Ridgway, 1874 R.l.levipes Bangs, 1899 R.l.yumanensis Dickey, 1923 R.l.beldingi Ridgway, 1882 R.l.crepitans J.F. Gmelin, 1789 R.l.waynei Brewster, 1899 R.l.saturatus Ridgway, 1880 R.l.scotti Sennett, 1888 R.l.insularum W.S. Brooks, 1920 R.l.coryi Maynard, 1887 R.l.leucophaeus Todd, 1913 R.l.pallidus Nelson, 1905 R.l.pelodramus Oberholser, 1937 R.l.longirostris Boddaert, 1783 R.l.crassirostris Lawrence, 1871 R.l.cypereti Taczanowski, 1877 R.e.elegans Audubon, 1834 R.e.tenuirostris Ridgway, 1874 R.e.ramsdeni Riley, 1913 R.l.aequatorialis Sharpe, 1894 R.s.semiplumbeus P.L. Sclater, 1856 †?R.s.peruvianus Taczanowski, 188627 R.a.aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758 L.p.exsul (E. Hartert, 1898) L.p.mayri (E. Hartert, 1930) L.p.capta Mayr & Gilliard, 1951 32 L.p.alberti (Rothschild & Hartert, 1907)33 †?L.p.clelandi (Mathews, 1911) L.p.pectoralis (Temminck, 1831) L.p.brachipus (Swainson, 1838) D.c.cuvieri (Pucheran, 1845) D.c.aldabranus (Günther, 1879) †D.c.abbotti (Ridgway, 1894) A.c.mexicanus Bangs, 1907 A.c.albiventris Lawrence, 1867 A.c.pacificus Miller & Griscom, 1921 A.c.plumbeicollis Zeledon, 1888 A.c.latens Bangs & Penard, 1918 A.c.guatemalensis (Lawrence, 1863) †A.c.concolor (Gosse, 1847) G.p.hoeveni (von Rosenberg, 1866) A.a.akool (Sykes, 1832) A.a.coccineipes (Slater, 1891) A.o.magnirostris Lambert, 199840 A.o.nigrifrons (E. Hartert, 1926) A.o.ultima Mayr, 1949 A.p.insularis Sharpe, 189444 P.p.mira Riley, 193849 P.p.mayri Junge, 1952 P.p.palustris Gould, 1843 P.p.affinis (J.E. Gray, 1846) P.t.edwardi Gyldenstolpe, 1955 P.f.gossii (Bonaparte, 1856) P.f.hendersoni Bartsch, 1917 P.f.bangsi Darlington, 1931 N.c.columbiana Bangs, 1898 N.e.erythrops (P.L. Sclater, 1867) P.m.insolitus (Bangs & Peck, 1908) P.n.caucae (Conover, 1949) P.s.simonsi Chubb, 1917 P.s.tschudii Chubb, 1919 P.s.zelebori (Pelzeln, 1865) P.s.landbecki (Hellmayr, 1932) P.s.luridus (Peale, 1848) E.c.sharpei Rothschild, 1906 E.c.castaneoventris Gould, 1844 M.i.pallida Rand, 1938 M.i.inepta D’Albertis & Salvadori, 1879 P.p.caspius E. Hartert, 1917 P.p.seistanicus Zarudny & Härms, 1911 P.p.poliocephalus (Latham, 1802) P.p.indicus Horsfield, 1821 P.p.bellus Gould, 1841 P.p.pulverulentus Temminck, 1826 †G.n.nesiotis P.L. Sclater, 1861 G.n.comeri (J.A. Allen, 1892) G.c.meridionalis (C.L. Brehm, 1855) G.c.guami E. Hartert, 1917 G.c.sandvicensis Streets, 1877 G.c.cerceris Bangs, 1910 G.c.barbadensis Bond, 1954 G.c.garmani J.A. Allen, 187666 G.t.neumanni E. Hartert, 1930 G.t.tenebrosa Gould, 1846 G.m.bogotensis (Chapman, 1914) G.m.crassirostris (J.E. Gray, 1829) F.a.lugubris S. Müller, 184768 F.a.australis Gould, 1845 F.a.colombiana Chapman, 1914 F.a.ardesiaca Tschudi, 1843 P.s.camerunensis Sjöstedt, 1893 P.c.crepitans Linnaeus, 1758 P.l.ochroptera Pelzeln, 1857 P.v.dextralis Conover, 1934 P.v.obscura Pelzeln, 1857 B.p.pavonina (Linnaeus, 1758) G.c.canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758) G.c.rowani Walkinshaw, 1965 G.c.pratensis F.A.A. Meyer, 1794 G.c.pulla Aldrich, 1972 G.c.nesiotes Bangs & Zappey, 1905 G.a.antigone (Linnaeus, 1758) G.a.gillae Schodde, Blackman & Haffenden, 19894 A.g.pictus (F.A.A. Meyer, 1794) A.g.elucus J.L. Peters, 1925 A.g.dolosus J.L. Peters, 1925 B.o.distinctus (Bannerman, 1914) B.o.insularum (Sassi, 1908) B.v.buettikoferi (Reichenow, 1898) B.c.dodsoni (Ogilvie-Grant, 1899) B.c.damarensis (Reichenow, 1905) B.b.bistriatus (Wagler, 1829)6 B.b.vocifer (L’Herminier, 1837) B.b.pediacus Wetmore & Borrero, 1964 B.b.dominicensis (Cory, 1883) C.m.marionensis Reichenow, 1908 C.m.crozettensis (Sharpe, 1896) C.m.minor Hartlaub, 18412 C.m.nasicornis Reichenow, 1904 H.p.palliatus Temminck, 18204 H.p.galapagensis Ridgway, 1886 H.u.unicolor J.R. Forster, 18449 H.f.fuliginosus Gould, 1845 H.f.opthalmicus Castelnau & Ramsay, 1877 H.h.knudseni Stejneger, 1887 V.t.latifrons (Reichenow, 1881) V.c.demissus (Friedmann, 1928) V.s.major (Neumann, 1914) V.i.aigneri (Laubman, 1913) V.i.lankae (Koelz, 1939)7 V.m.novaehollandiae Stephens, 1819 V.c.cayennensis (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) V.c.lampronotus (Wagler, 1827) V.c.chilensis (Molina, 1782) C.d.jerdoni (Legge, 1880) C.w.wilsonia Ord, 1814 C.w.beldingi (Ridgway, 1919) C.v.ternominatus Bangs & Kennard, 1920 C.v.peruvianus (Chapman, 1920) C.t.bifrontatus Cabanis, 1882 C.m.tenellus Hartlaub, 1861 C.a.seebohmi Hartert & Jackson, 191526 C.a.occidentalis (Cabanis, 1872) C.p.venustus Fischer & Reichenow, 1884 C.b.exilis Falla, 1978 O.r.pallidus Carriker, 1935 O.r.ruficollis (Wagler, 1829) R.b.australis (Gould, 1838) J.s.gymnostoma (Wagler, 1831)2 J.s.spinosa (Linnaeus, 1758)3 J.j.hypomelaena (G.R. Gray, 1846) J.j.melanopygia (P.L. Sclater, 1857) J.j.intermedia (P.L. Sclater, 1857) A.g.latreillii Lesson, 1831 A.g.simonsi Chubb, 1918 A.g.gayi Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Lesson, 1831 T.o.ingae Tschudi, 1843 T.r.pallidus Salvadori & Festa, 1910 T.r.cuneicauda (Peale, 1848) S.c.celebensis Riley, 1921 C.a.huegeli (Tristram, 1893) †?C.a.iredalei Rothschild, 1921 C.a.meinertzhagenae Rothschild, 1927 C.a.aucklandica (G.R. Gray, 1845) G.n.nigripennis Bonaparte, 1839 G.u.undulata (Boddaert, 1783) L.g.hendersoni Rowan, 1932 L.g.griseus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) N.p.islandicus C.L. Brehm, 1831 N.a.americanus Bechstein, 1812 C.c.canutus (Linnaeus, 1758) C.c.rufa (A. Wilson, 1813) C.p.couesi (Ridgway, 1880) C.a.arctica (Schiřler, 1922) L.f.sibirica Dresser, 1876 L.p.georgii P.P. King, 1826 L.p.pacificus Latham, 1802 L.c.kamtschatschensis (Bonaparte, 1857) L.o.occidentalis Audubon, 1839 L.h.hyperboreus Gunnerus, 1767 L.h.barrovianus Ridgway, 1886 L.h.leuceretes Schleep, 181911 L.a.vegae Palmén, 188715 L.c.atlantis Dwight, 1922 L.n.novaehollandiae Stephens, 1826 L.n.gunni Mathews, 1912 S.m. albididorsalis E. Hartert, 1921 S.b.bergii M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823 S.a.guineae Bannerman, 1931 S.n.exsul (Mathews, 1912) S.n.davisae (Mathews & Iredale, 1913) S.f.luctuosa Philippi & Landbeck, 186649 C.h.delalandei (Mathews, 1912)54 C.n.niger (Linnaeus, 1758) P.s.simplex (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) P.s.chloropoda (Vieillot, 1819) A.m.melanogenys G.R. Gray, 1846 A.m.diamesus (Heller & Snodgrass, 1901) A.m.americanus (Mathews, 1912) A.m.atlanticus (Mathews, 1912) P.c.nebouxi Mathews, 1912 S.a.antarcticus (Lesson, 1831) C.g.islandicus Hřrring, 19378 C.g.faeroeensis (C.L. Brehm, 1831)9 C.g.grylle (Linnaeus, 1758) S.h.hypoleucus (Xántus de Vesey, 1860) C.l.dakhlae R. Meinertzhagen, 1928 C.l.palestinae Zedlitz, 1912 C.l.intermedia Strickland, 1844 C.l.leuconota Vigors, 1831 †C.p.maderensis Tschusi, 1904 C.p.azorica E. Hartert, 1905 C.p.excelsa (Bonaparte, 1856) C.p.iranica (Zarudny, 1910) †?C.j.nitens (Stejneger, 1887) C.j.stejnegeri (N. Kuroda, Sr., 1923)9 C.v.anthracina (Hachisuka, 1939) C.v.leopoldi (Tristram, 1879) C.v.vitiensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1830 C.v.castaneiceps Peale, 1848 C.p.marginalis Naumburg, 1932 C.m.albipennis Sclater & Salvin, 1876 C.f.vioscae Brewster, 1888 C.f.letonai Dickey & van Rossem, 1926 C.f.parva Griscom, 1935 C.f.crissalis Salvadori, 1893 C.f.albilinea Bonaparte, 1854 C.f.roraimae Chapman, 1929 C.c.pallidicrissa Chubb, 191012 C.c.occidentalis Stolzmann, 1926 C.c.tobagensis Cory, 1915 C.c.cayennensis Bonnaterre, 1792 C.c.sylvestris Vieillot, 1818 C.f.flavirostris Wagler, 1831 C.f.madrensis Nelson, 1898 C.f.restricta van Rossem, 1930 C.f.minima Carriker, 1910 C.i.exigua (Ridgway, 1915) C.i.wetmorei J.L. Peters, 1937 C.p.chapmani (Ridgway, 1916) C.p.pallescens E. Snethlage, 1908 C.p.baeri Hellmayr, 1908 C.p.plumbea Vieillot, 1818 C.s.subvinacea (Lawrence, 1868) C.s.berlepschi E. Hartert, 1898 C.s.peninsularis Chapman, 1915 C.s.zuliae Cory, 1915 C.s.purpureotincta Ridgway, 1888 C.d.delegorguei Delegorgue, 1847 C.l.principalis (Hartlaub, 1866) C.l.simplex (Hartlaub, 1849) C.l.bronzina (Rüppell, 1837) C.l.larvata Temminck, 1810 S.o.stimpsoni (Stejneger, 1887) S.o.orii Yamashina, 1932 S.o.erythrocephala (Bonaparte, 1855)23 S.o.agricola (Tickell, 1833) S.b.dusumieri (Temminck, 1823) S.b.bitorquata (Temminck, 1810) S.d.decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838)25 S.d.xanthocycla (Newman, 1906)26 S.d.perspicillata (Fischer & Reichenow, 1884) S.c.electa (Madarász, 1913) S.c.somalica (Erlanger, 1905) S.c.tropica (Reichenow, 1902)29 S.c.capicola (Sundevall, 1857) S.t.tranquebarica (Hermann, 1804) S.p.rostrata (Bonaparte, 1855) S.p.aldabrana (P.L. Sclater, 1872) S.p.coppingeri (Sharpe, 1884) S.p.comorensis (E. Newton, 1877) S.p.picturata (Temminck, 1813) S.s.aegyptiaca (Latham, 1790) S.s.sokotrae C.H.B. Grant, 1914 S.s.senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766) 35 M.u.minor Swinhoe, 1870 M.a.sanghirensis Salvadori, 1878 M.a.albicapilla Bonaparte, 185438 M.a.albiceps Bonaparte, 185639 M.a.amboinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) M.a.keyensis Salvadori, 1876 M.a.doreya Bonaparte, 1854 M.a.maforensis Salvadori, 1878 M.a.griseinucha Salvadori, 1876 M.a.meeki Rothschild & Hartert, 1915 M.a.admiralitatis Mayr, 1937 M.a.hueskeri Neumann, 1922 M.a.cunctata E. Hartert, 1899 M.a.robinsoni Mathews, 1912 M.a.phasianella (Temminck, 1821) M.m.longa Meise, 1930 M.m.magna Wallace, 1864 M.m.timorlaoensis A.B. Meyer, 1884 M.e.hypopercna Oberholser, 1912 M.e.modiglianii Salvadori, 1887 M.e.elassa Oberholser, 1912 M.e.cinnamomea Salvadori, 1892 M.e.megala Siebers, 1929 M.e.borneensis Robinson & Kloss, 1921 M.m.krakari Rothschild & Hartert, 1915 M.m.arossi Tristram, 1879 M.m.mackinlayi E.P. Ramsay, 187845 M.r.engelbachi Delacour, 1928 M.r.malayana Chasen & Kloss, 1931 M.r.simalurensis Richmond, 1902 M.r.sumatrana Robinson & Kloss, 1919 M.r.nana Stresemann, 1913 M.r.ruficeps (Temminck, 183546) M.r.orientalis E. Hartert, 1896 R.r.reinwardtii (Temminck, 1824)47 T.b.brehmeri (Hartlaub, 1865) O.c.aliena Bangs, 1918 C.i.robinsoni E.C.S. Baker, 1928 C.i.maxima E. Hartert, 1931 C.i.augusta Bonaparte, 1855 C.i.natalis Lister, 1889 C.s.wallacei Brüggemann, 1877 C.s.mortoni E.P. Ramsay, 1882 H.a.albifrons G.R. Gray, 1862 H.a.schlegeli (Rosenberg, 1866) O.l.whitlocki Mathews, 1912 O.l.lophotes (Temminck, 1822) G.p.ferruginea (Gould, 1865) G.p.leucogaster (Gould, 1867) G.s.peninsulae H.L. White, 1922 T.t.terrestris G.R. Gray, 1849 T.t.mayri Rothschild, 1931 T.t.leucopareia (A.B. Meyer, 1886) G.p.papua Rand, 1938 G.p.placida Gould, 184463 G.p.clelandi Mathews, 1912 G.h.gregalis Bangs & Peters, 1926 G.h.headlandi Mathews, 1913 G.h.inexpectata Mathews, 1912 G.h.humeralis (Temminck, 1821) Z.m.marginella (Woodhouse, 1852)66 Z.m.clarionensis (C.H. Townsend, 1890) Z.a.caucae Chapman, 1922 Z.a.antioquiae Chapman, 1917 Z.a.ruficauda Bonaparte, 1855 Z.a.vinaceorufa Ridgway, 1884 Z.a.jessieae Ridgway, 1888 Z.a.marajoensis Berlepsch, 1913 Z.a.hypoleuca Bonaparte, 1855 Z.a.aurita (Temminck, 1810) Z.g.galapagoensis Gould, 1839 Z.a.mearnsi (Ridgway, 1915) Z.a.australis (J.L. Peters, 1913) C.s.ridgwayi (Richmond, 1896) C.p.passerina (Linnaeus, 1758) C.p.pallescens (S.F. Baird, 1860) C.p.socorroensis (Ridgway, 1887) C.p.neglecta (Carriker, 1910) C.p.bahamensis (Maynard, 1887) C.p.exigua (Riley, 1905) 75 C.p.jamaicensis (Maynard, 1899) C.p.navassae (Wetmore, 1930) C.p.nigrirostris (Danforth, 1935) C.p.trochila (Bonaparte, 1855) C.p.antillarum (P.R. Lowe, 1908) C.p.parvula (Todd, 1913) C.p.nana (Todd, 1913) C.p.quitensis (Todd, 1913) C.p.griseola (Spix, 1825) C.m.elaeodes (Todd, 1913) C.m.minuta (Linnaeus, 1766) C.m.amazilia (Bonaparte, 1855)78 C.b.buckleyi (Sclater & Salvin, 1877) C.t.eluta (Bangs, 1901) C.t.caucae (Chapman, 1915) C.p.strepitans Spix, 1825 C.m.ochoterena van Rossem, 1934 C.m.salvini Griscom, 1930 C.m.umbrina Griscom, 1930 C.m.pulchra Griscom, 1930 C.m.mondetoura (Bonaparte, 1856) C.m.inca van Rossem, 1934 M.c.ceciliae (Lesson, 1845) M.c.obsoleta (J.T. Zimmer, 1924) M.c.zimmeri J.L. Peters, 193781 M.m.saturatior Chubb, 1917 M.m.melanoptera (Molina, 1782) U.c.campestris (Spix, 1825) U.c.figginsi Oberholser, 1931 L.v.capitalis Nelson, 1898 L.v.angelica Bangs & Penard, 192283 L.v.fulviventris (Lawrence, 1882) L.v.nuttingi Ridgway, 1915 L.v.zapluta J.L. Peters, 1937 L.v.tobagensis Hellmayr & Seilern, 1915 L.v.decolor (Salvin, 1895) L.v.brasiliensis (Bonaparte, 1856) L.v.approximans (Cory, 1917) L.v.decipiens (Salvadori, 1871) L.r.pallidipectus Chapman, 1915 L.r.rufaxilla (Richard & Bernard, 1792)86 L.r.hellmayri Chapman, 1915 L.r.bahiae (Berlepsch, 1885) L.p.notia J.L. Peters, 193188 L.b.battyi (Rothschild, 1901) L.j.collaris (Cory, 1886) L.j.jamaicensis (Linnaeus, 1766) L.j.neoxena (Cory, 1887) L.c.cerviniventris (Sclater & Salvin, 1868) L.c.rufinucha (Sclater & Salvin, 1873) L.c.cassini (Lawrence, 1867) G.g.goldmani Nelson, 1912 G.s.purpurata (Salvin, 1878) G.s.rothschildi (Stolzmann, 1926) G.c.caniceps (Gundlach, 1852) G.c.leucometopia (Chapman, 1917)90 G.f.bourcieri Bonaparte, 1855 G.f.erythropareia Salvadori, 1893 G.f.frenata (Tschudi, 1843) G.m.martinica (Linnaeus, 1766) C.n.pelewensis Finsch, 1875 G.l.griseolateralis Parkes, 1962 G.l.luzonica (Scopoli, 1786) G.l.rubiventris Gonzales, 1983 G.c.leytensis (E. Hartert, 1918) G.c.crinigera (Pucheran, 1853) G.c.bartletti (P.L. Sclater, 1863) G.r.rufigula (Pucheran, 1853) G.r.orientalis (Rand, 1941) 97 G.r.alaris (Rand, 1941) G.t.tristigmata (Bonaparte, 1855) G.t.bimaculata (Salvadori, 1892) G.b.beccarii (Salvadori, 1876) G.b.johannae (P.L. Sclater, 1877)100 G.b.eichhorni E. Hartert, 1924 G.b.admiralitatis (Rothschild & Hartert, 1914) G.b.intermedia (Rothschild & Hartert, 1905) G.b.solomonensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1888) O.n.aruensis Rothschild, 1928 O.n.cervicalis E.P. Ramsay, 1880 O.n.insularis Salvin & Godman, 1883 G.c.pygmaea Mees, 1965 G.s.sclaterii Salvadori, 1876101 G.s.scheepmakeri Finsch, 1876 G.v.victoria (Fraser, 1844) G.v.beccarii Salvadori, 1876 P.l.leucotis (Temminck, 1823) P.l.nigrorum (Sharpe, 1877) P.l.brevirostris (Tweeddale, 1877) P.l.occipitalis (Salvadori, 1893) P.a.amethystinus Bonaparte, 1855104 P.a.imeldae de la Paz, 1976 P.a.maculipectus (Bourns & Worcester, 1894) †P.a.frontalis (Bourns & Worcester, 1894) P.c.brunneiceps (Bourns & Worcester, 1894) P.c.cinereiceps (Bourns & Worcester, 1894) T.f.fulvicollis (Wagler, 1827) T.f.melopogenys (Oberholser, 1912) T.f.oberholseri Chasen, 1934 T.f.baramensis A.B. Meyer, 1891 T.b.leggei E. Hartert, 1910 T.b.bicinctus (Jerdon, 1840) T.b.domvilii (Swinhoe, 1870) T.b.javanus Robinson & Kloss, 1923 T.p.conoveri Rand & Fleming, 1953 T.p.affinis (Jerdon, 1840) T.p.pompadora (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) T.p.chloropterus Blyth, 1846 T.p.amadoni Parkes, 1965 T.p.axillaris (Bonaparte, 1855) T.p.everetti (Rothschild, 1894) T.c.hainanus Hartert & Goodson, 1918 T.c.curvirostra (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)110 T.c.haliplous Oberholser, 1912 T.c.pegus Oberholser, 1912 T.c.smicrus Oberholser, 1912 T.c.hypothapsinus Oberholser, 1912 T.c.nasica Schlegel, 1863 T.c.erimacrus Oberholser, 1924 T.g.sangirensis Brüggemann, 1876 T.g.vordermani Finsch, 1900 T.g.griseicauda Bonaparte, 1854113 T.p.chlorigaster (Blyth, 1843) T.p.phillipsi Ripley, 1949 T.p.annamensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1909) T.a.xenius Salomonsen, 1934 T.a.australis (Linnaeus, 1771) T.c.nudirostris (Swainson, 1837) T.c.sharpei (Reichenow, 1902) T.c.poensis Hartert & Goodson, 1918 T.c.virescens Amadon, 1953 T.c.gibberifrons (Madarász, 1915)119 T.c.wakefieldii (Sharpe, 1874) T.c.ansorgei Hartert & Goodson, 1918 T.c.vylderi Glydenstolpe, 1924 T.c.delalandii (Bonaparte, 1854)122 T.a.laotinus (Delacour, 1926) T.a.lowei (Delacour & Jabouille, 1924) T.s.seimundi T.s.robinsoni (Ogilvie-Grant, 1906) T.s.etorques (Salvadori, 1879) T.s.korthalsi (Bonaparte, 1855) T.s.sieboldii (Temminck, 1835) T.s.sororius (Swinhoe, 1866)125 T.f.medioximus (Bangs, 1901) T.f.formosae Swinhoe, 1863 P.c.baliensis E. Hartert, 1896 P.c.albocinctus Wallace, 1864 P.c.everetti Rothschild, 1898 P.c.cinctus (Temminck, 1810) P.c.ottonis E. Hartert, 1904 P.c.alligator (Collett, 1898) P.o.occipitalis Gray & Mitchell, 1844 P.o.incognitus (Tweeddale, 1877) P.f.fischeri (Brüggemann, 1876) P.f.centralis (A.B. Meyer, 1903) P.f.meridionalis (Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1893) P.s.epia (Oberholser, 1918)130 P.s.subgularis (Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896) P.s.mangoliensis Rothschild, 1898 P.l.leclancheri (Bonaparte, 1855) P.l.gironieri (Verreaux & Des Murs, 1862) P.b.micrus (Jany, 1955) P.b.bernsteinii (Schlegel, 1863) P.m.interpositus (E. Hartert, 1930)134 135 P.m.septentrionalis (A.B. Meyer, 1893) P.m.poliurus (Salvadori, 1878)136 P.m.assimilis (Gould, 1850) P.m.keri (Mathews, 1912) P.m.magnificus (Temminck, 1821) P.p.perlatus (Temminck, 1835) P.p.plumbeicollis (A.B. Meyer, 1890) P.o.ornatus (Schlegel, 1871) 137 P.o.gestroi (D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1875) P.s.temminckii (Des Murs & Prévost, 1849) P.p.perousii Peale, 1848 P.p.mariae (Jacquinot & Pucheran, 1853) P.p.ponapensis (Finsch, 1878) P.p.hernsheimi Finsch, 1880 P.p.porphyraceus (Temminck, 1821) P.p.fasciatus Peale, 1848 P.r.rarotongensis Hartlaub & Finsch, 1871 P.r.ewingii Gould, 1842 P.r.regina Swainson, 1825 P.r.richardsii (E.P. Ramsay, 1882) P.p.chrysogaster (G.R. Gray, 1854) P.p.purpuratus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) P.d.viridior (Murphy, 1924) P.d.dupetithouarsii (Neboux, 1840) †P.m.mercierii (Des Murs & Prévost, 1849) †?P.m.tristrami (Salvadori, 1892) P.c.huonensis (A.B. Meyer, 1892) P.c.coronulatus (G.R. Gray, 1858) P.p.decorus (Madarász, 1910) P.r.miquelii (Schlegel, 1871) P.r.rivoli (Prévost, 1843) P.s.meyeri E. Hartert, 1926 P.s.neumanni E. Hartert, 1926 P.s.bistictus Mayr, 1931 P.s.vulcanorum Mayr, 1931 P.s.ocularis Mayr, 1931 P.s.ambiguus Mayr, 1931 P.s.solomonensis (G.R. Gray, 1870) P.v.viridis (Linnaeus, 1766) P.v.geelvinkianus (Schlegel, 1871)142 143 P.v.salvadorii (Rothschild, 1892) P.v.vicinus (E. Hartert, 1895) P.i.iozonus (G.R. Gray, 1858) P.i.humeralis (Wallace, 1862) P.i.jobiensis (Schlegel, 1873) P.i.finschi Mayr, 1931 P.m.xanthorrhous (Salvadori, 1875)147 148 P.m.melanospilus (Salvadori, 1875) P.n.minimus Stresemann & Paludan, 1932 P.n.nainus (Temminck, 1835)151 A.s.minor Berlepsch, 1898 A.s.sganzini (Bonaparte, 1854) D.c.carola (Bonaparte, 1854) D.c.nigrorum (J. Whitehead, 1897) D.c.mindanensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1905) D.a.pusilla (Blyth, 1849) D.a.andamanica Abdulali, 1964 D.a.nicobarica (Pelzeln, 1865) D.a.oenothorax (Salvadori, 1892) D.a.fugaenis (Hachisuka, 1930) D.a.nuchalis (Cabanis, 1882) D.p.perspicillata (Temminck, 1824) D.o.monacha (Momiyama, 1922) D.o.teraokai (Momiyama, 1922) D.o.townsendi (Wetmore, 1919) D.o.oceanica (Lesson & Garnot, 1826) D.o.ratakensis (Taka-Tsukasa & Yamashina, 1932) D.a.aurorae (Peale, 1848) D.a.wilkesii (Peale, 1848) D.r.uropygialis Streseman & Paludan, 1932 D.b.basilica Bonaparte, 1854 D.b.obiensis (E. Hartert, 1898) D.c.chalconota (Salvadori, 1874) D.c.smaragdina Mayr, 1931 D.m.mullerii (Temminck, 1835) D.m.aurantia (A.B. Meyer, 1893) D.b.cuprea (Jerdon, 1840) D.l.lacernulata (Temminck, 1822167) D.l.williami (E. Hartert, 1896) D.l.sasakensis (E. Hartert, 1896) D.b.luctuosa (Temminck, 1824) D.b.subflavescens (Finsch, 1886) H.n.novaeseelandiae (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) H.n.chathamensis (Rothschild, 1891) †H.n.spadicea (Latham, 1802)172 G.a.exsul (E. Hartert, 1903) G.m.mada (E. Hartert, 1899) G.m.stalkeri (Ogilvie-Grant, 1911) L.p.mindorensis Steere, 1890 L.p.bournsi McGregor, 1905 †?L.p.chrysonotus P.L. Sclater, 1872 L.p.worcesteri Steere, 1890 †?L.p.siquijorensis Steere, 1890 L.p.dohertyi E. Hartert, 1906 L.p.bonapartei Souancé, 1856 L.a.ruber Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896 L.a.aurantiifrons Schlegel, 1871 L.a.batavorum Stresemann, 1913 M.k.keiensis (Salvadori, 1875) M.k.chloroxantha Oberholser, 191714 M.k.viridipectus (Rothschild, 1911) M.g.geelvinkiana (Schlegel, 1871) M.g.misoriensis (Salvadori, 1875) M.p.beccarii (Salvadori, 1876) M.p.pusio (P.L. Sclater, 1866) M.m.meeki Rothschild & Hartert, 1914 M.m.proxima Rothschild & Hartert, 1924 M.f.nanina (Tristram, 1891) M.f.tristrami (Rothschild & Hartert, 1902) M.f.aolae (Ogilvie-Grant, 1888) M.f.finschii (E.P. Ramsay, 1881) M.b.bruijnii (Salvadori, 1875) M.b.necopinata E. Hartert, 1925 P.a.stenolophus (van Oort, 1911) C.b.macrorhynchus Gould, 1843 C.b.graptogyne Schodde, Saunders & Homberger, 198920 C.b.naso Gould, 1837 C.l.lathami (Temminck, 1807) C.l.halmaturinus Mathews, 1912 C.f.funereus (Shaw, 1794) C.f.xanthanotus Gould, 183823 E.r.kuhli (Mathews, 1912) E.r.roseicapilla (Vieillot, 1817) C.p.pastinator (Gould, 1841) C.p.derbyi (Mathews, 1916)28 C.s.transfreta Mees, 1982 C.s.sanguinea Gould, 1843 C.s.westralensis (Mathews, 1917) C.s.gymnopis P.L. Sclater, 1871 C.s.normantoni (Mathews, 1917) C.s.sulphurea (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) C.s.abbotti (Oberholser, 1917) C.s.citrinocristata (Fraser, 1844) C.g.triton Temminck, 1849 C.g.eleonora (Finsch, 1867) C.g.fitzroyi (Mathews, 1912) C.a.bernsteini Rosenberg, 1861 C.d.duivenbodei (A.J.C. Dubois, 1884) C.d.syringanuchalis (Neumann, 1915) C.s.rubrifrons G.R. Gray, 1858 C.s.sintillata (Temminck, 1835) C.s.chloroptera (Salvadori, 1876) E.s.riciniata (Bechstein, 1811)36 E.s.obiensis Rothschild, 1899 E.s.squamata (Boddaert, 1783)37 E.r.cyanonotha (Vieillot, 1818)39 T.f.djampeanus E. Hartert, 1897 T.f.stresemanni Meise, 1929 T.f.mitchellii G.R. Gray, 1859 T.f.forsteni Bonaparte, 1850 T.c.fortis E. Hartert, 1898 T.c.capistratus (Bechstein, 1811) T.c.flavotectus Hellmayr, 1914 T.h.rosenbergii Schlegel, 1871 T.h.intermedius Rothschild & Hartert, 1901 T.h.nigrogularis G.R. Gray, 185842 T.h. caeruleiceps D’Albertis & Salvadori, 1879 T.h.nesophilus Neumann, 1929 T.h.deplanchii Verreaux & Des Murs, 1860 T.f.meyeri Walden, 1871 T.f.flavoviridis Wallace, 1863 P.i.iris (Temminck, 1835)46 P.i.wetterensis (Hellmayr, 1912) L.g.garrulus (Linnaeus, 1758) L.g.flavopalliatus Salvadori, 1877 L.l.cyanauchen (S. Müller, 1841)49 L.l.viridicrissalis de Beaufort, 1909 L.l.salvadorii A.B. Meyer, 1891 L.l.erythrothorax Salvadori, 1877 L.h.rosselianus Rothschild & Hartert, 1918 G.c.concinna (Shaw, 1791) G.c.didimus Mathews, 191553 C.r.rubronotata (Wallace, 1862) C.r.kordoana (A.B. Meyer, 1874) C.p.intensior (Kinnear, 1928) 55 C.p.subplacens (P.L. Sclater, 1876) C.p.pulchella G.R. Gray, 185958 C.p.rothschildi (E. Hartert, 1930) C.j.josefinae (Finsch, 1873) C.j.cyclopum E. Hartert, 1930 C.j.sepikiana Neumann, 1922 C.p.goliathina Rothschild & Hartert, 1911 C.p.wahnesi Rothschild, 1906 C.p.stellae A.B. Meyer, 1886 O.a.major Ogilvie-Grant, 1914 O.a.grandis Ogilvie-Grant, 1895 N.m.major Neumann, 192459 N.p.alpinus Ogilvie-Grant, 1914 N.p.socialis Mayr, 1931 N.p.pullicauda E. Hartert, 1896 P.t.taviunensis (E.L. Layard, 1876) E.c.uvaeensis (E.L. & E.L.C. Layard, 1882) †C.n.subflavescens Salvadori, 1891 C.n.cyanurus Salvadori, 1891 C.n.chathamensis Oliver, 1930 C.n.hochstetteri (Reischek, 1889) B.z.barnardi (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) B.z.semitorquatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830) P.c.caledonicus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) P.e.nigrescens E.P. Ramsay, 1888 P.e.melanopterus North, 190672 P.e.fleurieuensis Ashby, 1917 P.e.subadelaidae Mathews, 1912 P.e.flaveolus Gould, 1837 P.v.venustus (Kuhl, 1820) P.a.adscitus (Latham, 1790) P.e.eximius (Shaw, 1792) P.e.diemenensis North, 1911 P.i.icterotis (Kuhl, 1820) P.i.xanthogenys Salvadori, 1891 N.h.pallescens (Salvadori, 1891) P.h.caeruleus Condon, 1941 P.h.haematonotus (Gould, 1838) N.e.elegans (Gould, 1837) N.e.carteri (Mathews, 1912)80 N.p.petrophila (Gould, 1841) N.p.zietzi (Mathews, 1912) P.w.leachi Mathews, 1912 P.b.intermixta E. Hartert, 1930 P.b.harterti Mayr, 1931 P.b.pallida A.B. Meyer, 1886 P.p.lorentzi van Oort, 1910 P.p.picta Rothschild, 1896 P.m.collaris Ogilvie-Grant, 1914 P.m.huonensis Mayr & Rand, 1935 P.m.madaraszi A.B. Meyer, 1886 P.c.pontius Oberholser, 1912 G.g.cyanicollis (S. Müller, 1841) G.g.obiensis (Finsch, 1868) G.g.rhodops (Schlegel, 1864)85 G.g.keyensis Finsch, 1868 G.g.floresianus Salvadori, 1891 G.g.geoffroyi (Bechstein, 1811) G.g.timorlaoensis A.B. Meyer, 1884 G.g.pucherani Souancé, 1856 G.g.minor Neumann, 1922 G.g.mysoriensis (A.B. Meyer, 1874) G.g.orientalis A.B. Meyer, 1891 G.g.cyanicarpus E. Hartert, 1899 G.g.aruensis (G.R. Gray, 1858) G.g.maclennani (W.D.K. Macgillivray, 1913)86 G.s.simplex (A.B. Meyer, 1874) G.s.buergersi Neumann, 1922 G.h.heteroclitus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841) G.h.hyacinthinus Mayr, 1931 P.m.waterstradti Rothschild, 1904 P.d.mindorensis Steere, 1890 P.p.talautensis E. Hartert, 1898 P.p.platurus (Vieillot, 1818) P.p.sinerubris Forshaw, 1971 T.m.affinis Wallace, 1863 T.m.sumbensis A.B. Meyer, 1881 T.m.hellmayri Mayr, 1944 T.m.subaffinis P.L. Sclater, 1883 T.l.lucionensis (Linnaeus, 1766) T.l.hybridus Salomonsen, 1952 T.l.salvadorii Ogilvie-Grant, 189690 T.l.talautensis Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1895 T.s.duponti Parkes, 1971 T.s.freeri McGregor, 1910 T.s.everetti Tweeddale, 1877 T.s.burbidgii Sharpe, 1879 E.r.vosmaeri (Rothschild, 1922) E.r.roratus (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776) E.r.cornelia Bonaparte, 1850 E.r.riedeli A.B. Meyer, 1882 E.r.aruensis G.R. Gray, 1858 E.r.biaki (E. Hartert, 1932) E.r.polychloros (Scopoli, 1786) E.r.macgillivrayi Mathews, 1913 A.a.hypophonius (S. Müller, 1843) A.a.sulaensis (Reichenow, 1881) A.a.versicolor Neumann, 193993 A.a.buruensis (Salvadori, 1876) A.a.amboinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) A.a.dorsalis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830) A.c.moszkowskii (Reichenow, 1911) A.c.callopterus (D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879) A.c.chloropterus (E.P. Ramsay, 1879) A.s.minor Mathews, 1911 A.s.scapularis (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 181694) A.j.jonquillaceus (Vieillot, 1818) A.j.wetterensis (Salvadori, 1891) A.e.papua Mayr & Rand, 1936 A.e.coccineopterus (Gould, 1865) A.e.erythropterus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) P.a.anthopeplus (Lear, 1831)95 P.e.nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) P.e.eupatria (Linnaeus, 1766) P.e.magnirostris (Ball, 1872) P.e.avensis (Kloss, 1917) P.e.siamensis (Kloss, 1917) P.k.krameri (Scopoli, 1769) P.k.parvirostris (Souancé, 1856) P.k.borealis (Neumann, 1915)97 P.k.manillensis (Bechstein, 1800) P.r.juneae Biswas, 1951 P.a.abbotti (Oberholser, 1919) P.a.cala (Oberholser, 1912) P.a.major (Richmond, 1902) P.a.perionca (Oberholser, 1912) P.a.alexandri (Linnaeus, 1758) P.a.dammermani Chasen & Kloss, 1932 P.a.kangeanensis Hoogerwerf, 1962 P.l.tytleri (Hume, 1874) P.l.nicobarica (Gould, 1857) P.l.longicauda (Boddaert, 1783) P.l.modesta (Fraser, 1845) P.l.defontainei Chasen, 1934 A.c.canus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) A.c.ablectaneus Bangs, 1918 A.p.pullarius (Linnaeus, 1758)102 A.s.swindernianus (Kuhl, 1820) A.s.emini Neumann, 1908 A.r.catumbella B.P. Hall, 1952 A.r.roseicollis (Vieillot, 1817)103 C.v.drouhardi Lavauden, 1929 C.v.vasa (Shaw, 1812) C.n.libs Bangs, 1927 C.n.nigra (Linnaeus, 1758) P.r.fuscicollis (Kuhl, 1820) P.g.fantiensis Neumann, 1908 P.g.massaicus (Fischer & Reichenow, 1884)108 P.m.reichenowi Neumann, 1898 P.m.damarensis Neumann, 1898 P.m.transvaalensis Neumann, 1899 P.r.pallidus van Someren, 1922 P.r.rufiventris (Rüppell, 1845) P.s.versteri Finsch, 1863 A.m.mexicanus Ridgway, 1915115 A.m.bolivianus Reichenow, 1908 A.a.ambiguus (Bechstein, 1811) A.a.guayaquilensis Chapman, 1925 A.m.macao (Linnaeus, 1758) A.s.castaneifrons Lafresnaye, 1847 A.s.severus (Linnaeus, 1758) D.n.nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) D.n.cumanensis (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) D.n.longipennis (Neumann, 1931) A.a.neoxena (Cory, 1909) A.a.haemorrhous Spix, 1824 A.a.neumanni Blake & Traylor, 1947 A.h.brewsteri Nelson, 1928 A.h.holochlora (P.L. Sclater, 1859) A.h.brevipes (Lawrence, 1871) A.h.rubritorquis (P.L. Sclater, 1887) A.w.wagleri (G.R. Gray, 1845) A.w.transilis J.L. Peters, 1927 A.w.frontata (Cabanis, 1846) A.w.minor Carriker, 1933 A.m.mitrata (Tschudi, 1844) A.m.alticola Chapman, 1921 A.l.callogenys (Salvadori, 1891) A.a.auricapillus (Kuhl, 1820) A.a.aurifrons Spix, 1824 A.n.vicinalis (Bangs & Penard, 1919) A.n.astec (Souancé, 1857) A.n.nana (Vigors, 1830) A.c.eburnirostrum (Lesson, 1842) A.p.ocularis (Sclater & Salvin, 1864) A.p.aeruginosa (Linnaeus, 1758) A.p.lehmanni Dugand, 1943 A.p.arubensis (E. Hartert, 1892) A.p.pertinax (Linnaeus, 1758) A.p.xanthogenia (Bonaparte, 1850) A.p.tortugensis (Cory, 1909) A.p.margaritensis (Cory, 1918) A.p.surinama Zimmer & Phelps, 1951 A.p.chrysophrys (Swainson, 1838) A.p.chrysogenys (Massena & Souancé, 1854) A.p.paraensis Sick, 1959129 A.c.caixana Spix, 1824 A.c.cactorum (Kuhl, 1820) C.p.andinus Dabbene & Lillo, 1913 C.p.patagonus (Vieillot, 1818) C.p.bloxami Olson, 1995 130 P.f.frontalis (Vieillot, 1818)131 P.f.chiripepe (Vieillot, 1818) P.l.lepida (Wagler, 1832) P.l.anerythra Neumann, 1927 P.l.coerulescens Neumann, 1927 P.m.flavoptera Maijer, Herzog, Kessler, Friggens & Fjeldsĺ, 1998 P.m.molinae (Massena & Souancé, 1854) P.m.phoenicura (Schlegel, 1864) P.m.australis Todd, 1915 P.p.picta (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776)137 P.p.amazonum Hellmayr, 1906138 P.p.roseifrons (G.R. Gray, 1859) P.l.emma Salvadori, 1891139 P.l.griseipectus Salvadori, 1900 P.l.leucotis (Kuhl, 1820) P.e.egregia (P.L. Sclater, 1881) P.m.pacifica Chapman, 1915 P.m.chapmani Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940 P.m.souancei (J. Verreaux, 1858) P.m.berlepschi Salvadori, 1891 P.r.rupicola (Tschudi, 1844) P.r.sandiae Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1944 P.h.immarginata Zimmer & Phelps, 1944 P.h.hoematotis Souancé, 1857 P.h.hoffmanni (Cabanis, 1861) P.h.gaudens Bangs, 1906 E.f.minor (Chapman, 1919) M.m.monachus (Boddaert, 1783) M.m.calita (Jardine & Selby, 1830) P.a.robertsi Carriker, 1933 P.a.aurifrons (Lesson, 1831) P.a.rubrirostrus (Burmeister, 1860) B.l.lineola (Cassin, 1853) B.l.tigrinus (Souancé, 1856) F.c.insularis (Ridgway, 1888) F.c.cyanopygius (Souancé, 1856) F.p.cyanophanes (Todd, 1915) F.p.viridissimus (Lafresnaye, 1848) F.p.passerinus (Linnaeus, 1758) F.p.cyanochlorus (Schlegel, 1864) F.p.deliciosus (Ridgway, 1888) F.x.spengeli (Hartlaub, 1885) F.x.crassirostris (Taczanowski, 1883)144 F.x.flavescens (Salvadori, 1891) F.x.flavissimus Hellmayr, 1929 F.c.conspicillatus (Lafresnaye, 1848) F.c.metae Borrero & Camacho, 1961 F.c.caucae (Chapman, 1915) B.c.behni Neumann, 1931 B.j.exsul Todd, 1917 B.c.gustavi Berlepsch, 1889 B.c.beniensis Gyldenstolpe, 1941 B.c.tenuifrons Friedmann, 1945 B.c.tuipara (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) B.c.chrysosema P.L. Sclater, 1864 B.s.takatsukasae Neumann, 1931 T.s.chryseura (Swainson, 1820)151 T.s.surdus (Kuhl, 1820) P.m.pallidus (Berlepsch, 1889) P.l.xanthomerius (P.L. Sclater, 1858) P.l.leucogaster (Kuhl, 1820) P.h.haematotis (Sclater & Salvin, 1860) P.h.coccinicollaris (Lawrence, 1862) H.m.peruviana (Carriker, 1932) H.m.melanotis (Lafresnaye, 1847) H.a.theresae (Hellmayr, 1915) H.a.amazonina (Des Murs, 1845) P.m.rubrigularis Cabanis, 1881 P.m.reichenowi (Heine, 1884)155 P.s.saturatus Todd, 1915 P.s.sordidus (Linnaeus, 1758) P.s.antelius Todd, 1947 P.s.mindoensis Chapman, 1925 P.m.maximiliani (Kuhl, 1820) P.m.lacerus (Heine, 1884) P.t.seniloides (Massena & Souancé, 1854) P.t.tumultuosus (Tschudi, 1844) A.l.leucocephala (Linnaeus, 1758)159 A.l.caymanensis (Cory, 1886) A.l.hesterna Bangs, 1916 A.a.saltuensis Nelson, 1899 A.a.albifrons (Sparrman, 1788) A.v.vittata (Boddaert, 1783) †A.v.gracilipes Ridgway, 1915 A.a.lilacina Lesson, 1844 A.f.bodini (Finsch, 1873) A.f.festiva (Linnaeus, 1758) A.a.aestiva (Linnaeus, 1758) A.o.panamensis (Cabanis, 1874) A.o.xantholaema Berlepsch, 1913 A.m.canipalliata (Cabanis, 1874) A.m.mercenaria (Tschudi, 1844) A.f.guatemalae (P.L. Sclater, 1860) D.a.fuscifrons Hellmayr, 1905 C.g.melanogenia (Schlegel, 1866) C.g.nigrifrons (Reichenow, 1891) C.g.ramuensis (Neumann, 1915) C.g.amabilis (Reichenow, 1891) C.g.suavissima P.L. Sclater, 1876 C.g.fuscifrons (Salvadori, 1876) C.d.diophthalma (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841) C.d.aruensis (Schlegel, 1874) C.d.coccineifrons (Sharpe, 1882) C.d.inseparabilis (E. Hartert, 1898) C.d.macleayana E.P. Ramsay, 1874 P.d.blythii (Wallace, 1864)170 P.d.desmarestii (Desmarest, 1826) P.d.intermedius (van Oort, 1909) P.d.godmani (Ogilvie-Grant, 1911) P.d.cervicalis (Salvadori & D'Albertis, 1875) B.l.lunulatus (Scopoli, 1786) B.l.callainipictus Parkes, 1971 B.l.intermedius Salvadori, 1891 B.l.mindanensis (Steere, 1890) P.a.audeberti (Schlegel, 1879) C.s.bocki (Wardlaw Ramsay, 1886) C.v.ciceliae (W.W.A. Phillips, 1949) C.s.waiti (E.C.S. Baker, 1919) C.s.musicus (Ljungh, 1804) C.m.threnodes Cabanis & Heine, 186323 C.m.lanceolatus (S. Müller, 1843) C.m.merulinus (Scopoli, 1786) C.v.everetti E. Hartert, 1925 C.v.blandus Rothschild & Hartert, 1914 C.v.websteri E. Hartert, 1898 C.v.addendus Rothschild & Hartert, 1901 C.c.weiskei Reichenow, 1900 C.f.excitus Rothschild & Hartert, 1907 C.f.schistaceigularis Sharpe, 1900 C.f.simus (Peale, 1848) C.m.albifrons (Junge, 1938) C.m.aheneus (Junge, 1938)35 C.m.jungei (Stresemann, 1938) C.m.subsp.? C.m.rufomerus E. Hartert, 1900 C.l.harterti (Mayr, 1932) C.x.amethystinus (Vigors, 1831) E.s.harterti Ingram, 1912 E.s.melanorhynchus S. Müller, 184357 E.s.frater McGregor, 1904 E.s.orientalis (Linnaeus, 1766) E.s.picatus S. Müller, 1843 E.s.rufiventer (Lesson, 1830) E.s.hybrida J.M. Diamond, 2002 E.s.salvadorii E. Hartert, 1900 E.s.alberti Rothschild & Hartert, 1907 S.n.schoddei Mason, 1996 C.a.flavirostris (Swainson, 1837) R.d.borneensis Salvadori, 1874 R.t.saliens Mayr, 1938 R.t.hainanus E. Hartert, 1910 R.t.elongatus (S. Müller, 1835) R.t.kangeangensis Vorderman, 1893 T.l.sirkee (J.E. Gray, 1831)64 T.l.leschenaultii Lesson, 1830 Z.c.calyorhynchus (Temminck, 1825) Z.c.meridionalis (Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896) Z.c.rufiloris (E. Hartert, 1903) Z.c.singularis (Parrot, 1907)68 Z.c.oeneicaudus (J. & E. Verreaux, 1855) Z.c.curvirostris (Shaw, 1810) Z.c.deningeri (Stresemann, 1913) Z.c.borneensis (Blasius & Nehrkorn, 1881)69 D.s.superciliosus Dumont, 1823 S.m.merlini d'Orbigny, 1839 S.m.decolor Bangs & Zappey, 1905 S.l.petersi Richmond & Swales, 1924 S.l.longirostris (Hermann, 1783)74 P.c.mexicana (Swainson, 1827) P.c.mehleri Bonaparte, 1850 P.c.mesura (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) P.c.circe Bonaparte, 1850 P.c.insulana Hellmayr, 1906 P.c.obscura E. Snethlage, 1908 P.c.hellmayri Pinto, 193879 P.c.pallescens (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) P.c.cabanisi J.A. Allen, 1893 P.c.mogenseni J.L. Peters, 1926 C.r.ruficeps G.R. Gray, 1846 C.r.olivaceiceps (Sharpe, 1873) C.c.cristata (Linnaeus, 1766) C.c.dumonti Delacour, 1931 C.c.pyropyga A. Grandidier, 1867 C.c.maxima Milon, 1950 C.c.celebensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1830 C.m.aruensis (Salvadori, 1878) C.p.mui Mason & McKean, 1984 C.p.propinquus Mayr, 1937 C.p.nigricans (Salvadori, 1876)88 C.p.thierfelderi Stresemann, 1927 C.p.melanurus Gould, 184789 C.p.phasianinus (Latham, 1802)90 C.b.bernsteini Schlegel, 1866 C.b.manam Mayr, 1937 C.s.parroti Stresemann, 1913 C.s.anonymus Stresemann, 1913 C.s.kangeanensis Vorderman, 1893 C.v.viridis (Scopoli, 1786) C.v.carpenteri Mearns, 1907 C.t.toulou (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776) C.t.insularis Ridgway, 1894 †C.t.assumptionis Nicoll, 1906 C.b.lignator Swinhoe, 1861 C.b.sarasinorum Stresemann, 191294 C.b.medius Bonaparte, 1850 C.l.leucogaster (Leach, 1814) C.l.efulensis Sharpe, 1904 C.l.neumanni Alexander, 190896 C.m.monachus Rüppell, 1837 C.s.aegyptius (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) C.s.sokotrae C.H.B. Grant, 1915 C.s.burchellii Swainson, 183899 T.n.excellens (P.L. Sclater, 1858)100 M.e.mexicanus Ridgway, 1915105 M.e.erythropygus (Lesson, 1842)106 N.g.salvini P.L. Sclater, 1866 N.g.aequatorialis Chapman, 1923 N.g.australis Carriker, 1935 N.g.geoffroyi (Temminck, 1820) N.g.maximiliani Pinto, 1962 N.g.dulcis E. Snethlage, 1927 N.p.lepidophanes Todd, 1925 T.t.arfaki (Schlegel, 1879) T.t.tenebricosa (Gould, 1845) T.n.calabyi Mason, 1983 T.n.kimberli Mathews, 1912 T.n.galei Mathews, 1914 T.n.castanops (Gould, 1837) T.s.sororcula (P.L. Sclater, 1883) T.s.cayelii (E. Hartert, 1900) T.r.pelengensis Neumann, 1939 T.r.rosenbergii (Schlegel, 1866) T.a.ernesti (O. Kleinschmidt, 1901) T.a.gracilirostris (E. Hartert, 1905) T.a.detorta E. Hartert, 1913 T.a.poensis (Fraser, 1842) T.a.thomensis (Hartlaub, 1852) T.a.hypermetra Grote, 1928 T.a.deroepstorffi (Hume, 1875) T.a.sumbaensis (E. Hartert, 1897) T.a.meeki (Rothschild & Hartert, 1907) T.a.guatemalae (Ridgway, 1874) T.a.lucayana Riley, 1913 T.a.furcata (Temminck, 1827) T.a.nigrescens (Lawrence, 1878) T.a.insularis (Pelzeln, 1872) T.a.bargei (E. Hartert, 1892) T.a.subandeana L. Kelso, 1938 T.a.contempta (E. Hartert, 1898) T.a.hellmayri Griscom & Greenway, 1937 T.a.tuidara (J.E. Gray, 1829) T.a.punctatissima (G.R. Gray, 1838) T.c.chinensis E. Hartert, 1929 11 T.c.pithecops (Swinhoe, 1866) T.c.amauronota (Cabanis, 1872) P.b.ripleyi Hussain & Reza Khan, 1978 P.b.assimilis Hume, 1877 P.b.parvus Chasen, 1937 P.b.arixuthus Oberholser, 1932 O.r.malayensis Hachisuka, 1934 O.r.rufescens (Horsfield, 1821) O.i.icterorhynchus (Shelley, 1873) O.i.holerythrus (Sharpe, 1901) O.s.huttoni (Hume, 1870) O.s.spilocephalus (Blyth, 1846)4 O.s.latouchi (Rickett, 1900) O.s.hambroecki (Swinhoe, 1870) O.s.vulpes (Ogilvie-Grant, 1906) O.s.vandewateri (Robinson & Kloss, 1916) O.s.luciae (Sharpe, 1888) O.b.solokensis (E. Hartert, 1893) O.b.brookii (Sharpe, 1892) O.b.plumipes (Hume, 1870) O.b.gangeticus Ticehurst, 19228 O.b.marathae Ticehurst, 1922 O.b.bakkamoena Pennant, 1769 O.b.erythrocampe (Swinhoe, 1874) O.b.glabripes (Swinhoe, 1870) O.b.umbratilis (Swinhoe, 1870) O.b.condorensis Kloss, 1930 O.b.kangeanus Mayr, 1938 O.m.megalotis (Walden, 1875) O.m.nigrorum Rand, 1950 O.s.pamelae Bates, 1937 O.s.socotranus (Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, 1899) O.s.feae (Salvadori, 1903) O.s.cyprius (Madarász, 1901) O.m.morotensis (Sharpe, 1875) O.m.leucospilus (G.R. Gray, 1860) O.m.obira Jany, 1955 O.m.magicus (S. Müller, 1841)26 O.m.mendeni Neumann, 1939 O.m.siaoensis (Schlegel, 1873) O.m.sulaensis (E. Hartert, 1898) O.m.kalidupae (E. Hartert, 1903) O.m.mantananensis (Sharpe, 1892) O.m.cuyensis McGregor, 1904 O.m.romblonis McGregor, 1905 O.m.sibutuensis (Sharpe, 1893)27 O.e.interpositus N. Kuroda, Sr., 1923 O.e.elegans (Cassin, 1852) O.e.botelensis N. Kuroda, Sr., 1928 O.e.calayensis McGregor, 190428 O.a.maxwelliae (Ridgway, 1877)33 O.a.hasbroucki Ridgway, 1914 O.a.mccallii (Cassin, 1854) O.a.floridanus (Ridgway, 1873) O.k.kennicotti (Elliot, 1867) O.k.cardonensis Huey, 192639 O.k.xantusi (Brewster, 1902) O.k.vinaceus (Brewster, 1888)40 O.t.aspersus (Brewster, 1888) O.t.trichopsis (Wagler, 1832)45 O.t.mesamericanus van Rossem, 193246 O.c.luctisonus Bangs & Penard, 1921 O.c.margaritae Cory, 1915 O.c.duidae Chapman, 1929 O.c.suturutus L. Kelso, 1941 O.c.decussatus (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823)49 O.c.choliba (Vieillot, 1817)50 O.c.wetmorei Brodkorb, 193751 O.i.ingens (Salvin, 1897)55 O.g.tomlini R.T. Moore, 1937 O.g.hastatus (Ridgway, 1887)61 O.g.cassini (Ridgway, 1878) O.g.fuscus Moore & Peters, 1939 O.g.thompsoni Cole, 1906 O.g.guatemalae (Sharpe, 1875)62 O.n.nudipes (Daudin, 1800)70 O.n.newtoni (Lawrence, 1860) O.a.meridensis (Chapman, 1923) O.a.macabrum (Bonaparte, 1850) O.a.albogularis (Cassin, 1849) G.l.lawrencii Sclater & Salvin, 1868 G.l.exsul (Bangs, 1913) B.v.lagophonus (Oberholser, 1904) B.v.saturatus Ridgway, 1877 B.v.subarcticus Hoy, 185379 B.v.pallescens Stone, 1897 B.v.heterocnemis (Oberholser, 1904) B.v.virginianus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) B.v.elachistus Brewster, 1902 B.v.mayensis Nelson, 1901 B.v.nigrescens Berlepsch, 1884 B.c.dillonii Des Murs & Prévost, 1846 B.c.capensis A. Smith, 1834 B.a.milesi Sharpe, 1886 B.n.blighi Legge, 1878 B.s.strepitans (Temminck, 1823) B.s.tenuifasciatus Mees, 1964 B.c.coromandus (Latham, 1790) B.c.klossii Robinson, 1911 B.p.philippensis (Kaup, 1851) B.p.mindanensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1906) B.b.blakistoni Seebohm, 188498 K.z.zeylonensis (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) S.s.baweana Oberholser, 1917 S.s.wiepkeni (W.H. Blasius, 1888) S.o.grisescens Koelz, 1950 S.o.ocellata (Lesson, 1839) S.l.ticehursti Delacour, 1930 S.l.caligata (Swinhoe, 1863) S.l.laotiana Delacour, 1926 S.l.indranee Sykes, 1832106 S.l.ochrogenys (Hume, 1873) S.l.maingayi (Hume, 1878) S.l.myrtha (Bonaparte, 1850) S.l.nyctiphasma Oberholser, 1924 S.l.niasensis (Salvadori, 1887) S.l.leptogrammica Temminck, 1832108 S.l.vaga Mayr, 1938 S.l.bartelsi (Finsch, 1906) S.a.mauritanica (Witherby, 1905) S.a.siberiae Dementiev, 1933 S.a.sanctinicolai (Zarudny, 1905) S.a.yamadae Yamashina, 1936 S.a.ma (Clark, 1907) S.o.caurina (Merriam, 1898) S.o.occidentalis (Xántus de Vesey, 1860) S.o.lucida (Nelson, 1903) S.o.juanaphillipsae Dickerman, 1997 S.v.varia Barton, 1799 S.v.georgica Latham, 1802113 S.v.helveola (Bangs, 1899) S.v.sartorii (Ridgway, 1873) S.r.sanborni Wheeler, 1938 S.r.rufipes P.P. King, 1828 S.u.yenisseensis Buturlin, 1915 S.u.japonica Clark, 1907 S.u.hondoensis (Clark, 1907) S.u.momiyamae Taka-Tsukasa, 1931 S.n.nebulosa J.R. Forster, 1772 S.w.umbrina (Heuglin, 1863) S.w.nigricantior (Sharpe, 1897)122 S.v.centralis (Griscom, 1929) S.v.macconnelli (Chubb, 1916) S.v.superciliaris (Pelzeln, 1863) S.v.borelliana (W. Bertoni, 1901) S.a.albitarsis (Bonaparte, 1850) S.a.opaca J.L. Peters, 1943 S.a.tertia Todd, 1947 L.c.cristata (Daudin, 1800)126 P.p.saturata Ridgway, 1914 P.p.chapmani Griscom, 1932 P.p.perspicillata (Latham, 1790) P.p.trinitatis Bangs & Penard, 1918 P.p.boliviana L. Kelso, 1933 P.p.pulsatrix (Wied, 1820) P.m.philoscia Todd, 1947 S.u.ulula (Linnaeus, 1758) S.u.tianschanica Smallbones, 1906 G.p.passerinum (Linnaeus, 1758) G.b.pardalotum (Swinhoe, 1863) G.p.perlatum (Vieillot, 1817) G.p.licua (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1842)129 G.g.grinnelli Ridgway, 1914 G.g.swarthi Grinnell, 1913 G.g.californicum P.L. Sclater, 1857 G.g.pinicola Nelson, 1910 G.g.hoskinsii Brewster, 1888 G.g.gnoma Wagler, 1832 G.g.cobanense Sharpe, 1875 G.p.oberholseri R.T. Moore, 1937 G.p.palmarum Nelson, 1901 G.g.griseiceps Sharpe, 1875 G.g.rarum Griscom, 1931 G.b.cactorum van Rossem, 1937 G.b.medianum Todd, 1916 G.b.phalaenoides (Daudin, 1800) G.b.duidae Chapman, 1929 G.b.ucayalae Chapman, 1929 G.b.pallens Brodkorb, 1938 G.s.siju (d'Orbigny, 1839) G.s.vittatum Ridgway, 1914 G.t.pycrafti Bates, 1911 G.t.medje Chapin, 1932135 G.t.elgonense Granvik, 1934 G.c.austerum Ripley, 1948 G.c.persimile E. Hartert, 1910 G.r.radiatum (Tickell, 1833)136 G.r.malabaricum (Blyth, 1846) M.w.whitneyi (J.G. Cooper, 1861) M.w.idonea (Ridgway, 1914) M.w.sanfordi (Ridgway, 1914) M.w.graysoni Ridgway, 1886 A.n.impasta Bangs & Peters, 1928 A.n.somaliensis Reichenow, 1905 A.b.ultra Ripley, 1948 A.b.brama (Temminck, 1821) A.b.pulchra Hume, 1873 A.c.hypugaea (Bonaparte, 1825) A.c.rostrata (C.H. Townsend, 1890) A.c.floridana (Ridgway, 1874) †A.c.amaura Lawrence, 1878 †A.c.guadeloupensis Ridgway, 1874 ¶A.c. guantanamensis Garrido, 2001 A.c.troglodytes (Wetmore & Swales, 1931) A.c.arubensis (Cory, 1915) A.c.brachyptera (Richmond, 1896) A.c.apurensis (Gilliard, 1940) A.c.minor (Cory, 1918) A.c.carrikeri (Stone, 1922) A.c.tolimae (Stone, 1899) A.c.pichinchae (von Boetticher, 1929) A.c.punensis (Chapman, 1914) A.c.intermedia (Cory, 1915) A.c.nanodes (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1892) A.c.juninensis (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902) A.c.boliviana (L. Kelso, 1939) A.c.grallaria (Temminck, 1822) A.f.richardsoni (Bonaparte, 1838) A.f.pallens (Schalow, 1908) A.f.beickianus Stresemann, 1928148 A.a.brooksi (J.H. Fleming, 1916) A.r.tacanensis R.T. Moore, 1947 A.r.rostratus (Griscom, 1930) A.r.ridgwayi (Alfaro, 1905) A.h.harrisii (Cassin, 1849) A.h.iheringi (Sharpe, 1899) N.r.humeralis (Bonaparte, 1850) N.r.aruensis (Schlegel, 1866) N.r.meesi Mason & Schodde, 1980 N.r.queenslandica Mathews, 1911152 N.c.rufostrigata (G.R. Gray, 1860) N.c.peninsularis Salvadori, 1876153 N.c.connivens (Latham, 1802)154 N.b.rotiensis Johnstone & Darnell, 1997 N.b.fusca (Vieillot, 1817) N.b.plesseni Stresemann, 1929 N.b.cinnamomina E. Hartert, 1906 N.b.remigialis Stresemann, 1930 N.b.pusilla Mayr & Rand, 1935 N.b.halmaturina Mathews, 1912157 N.b.lurida De Vis, 1889 N.b.boobook (Latham, 1802)158 N.n.leucopsis (Gould, 1838)159 †N.n.albaria E.P. Ramsay, 1888 †?N.n.undulata (Latham, 1802)160 N.n.novaeseelandiae (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) N.s.hirsuta (Temminck, 1824) N.s.obscura Hume, 1873 N.s.borneensis (Bonaparte, 1850) N.s.palawanensis Ripley & Rabor, 1962166 N.a.affinis Beavan, 1867 N.a.isolata E.C.S. Baker, 1926 N.a.rexpimenti Abdulali, 1979 N.p.proxima Mayr, 1945 N.p.ticaoensis duPont, 1972 N.p.spilocephala Tweeddale, 1879 N.p.reyi Oustalet, 1880168 N.s.hypogramma (G.R. Gray, 1860) N.s.hantu (Wallace, 1863) N.s.squamipila (Bonaparte, 1850) N.s.forbesi P.L. Sclater, 1883 N.t.hoedtii (Schlegel, 1871) N.t.goldii J.H. Gurney, 1883 N.t.theomacha (Bonaparte, 1855) N.t.rosseliana Tristram, 1889 N.v.superior E. Hartert, 1925 N.v.variegata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830) N.j.eichhorni (E. Hartert, 1927) N.j.mono Mayr, 1935 N.j.jacquinoti (Bonaparte, 1850) N.j.floridae Mayr, 1935 N.j.granti Sharpe, 1888 N.j.malaitae Mayr, 1931 N.j.roseoaxillaris (E. Hartert, 1929) P.c.oberi (E.H. Kelso, 1936) A.s.lambi R.T. Moore, 1937 A.s.robustus L. Kelso, 1934 A.s.siguapa (d'Orbigny, 1839) A.s.noctipetens Riley, 1916 A.s.stygius (Wagler, 1832) A.s.barberoi W. Bertoni, 1930 A.o.canariensis Madarász, 1901 A.o.wilsonianus (Lesson, 1830) A.f.portoricensis Ridgway, 1882 A.f.domingensis (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776) A.f.galapagoensis (Gould, 1837) A.f.bogotensis Chapman, 1915 A.f.pallidicaudus Friedmann, 1949 A.f.suinda (Vieillot, 1817) A.f.sanfordi Bangs, 1919 A.f.sandwichensis (Bloxham, 1826) A.c.tingitanus (Loche, 1867) A.c.hova (Stresemann, 1922) P.o.ocellatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1830 P.o.marmoratus Gould, 1855 P.o.plumiferus Gould, 18461 P.o.meeki E. Hartert, 1898 P.o.inexpectatus E. Hartert, 1901 B.s.microrhynchus Ogilvie-Grant, 1895 B.s.menagei Bourns & Worcester, 1894 B.j.javensis (Horsfield, 1821) N.a.chocoensis Chapman, 1921 N.j.lambi J. Davis, 19593 N.j.mexicanus Nelson, 1900 N.j.costaricensis Ridgway, 19124 N.j.jamaicensis (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) N.j.abbotti Richmond, 1917 L.s.semitorquatus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) L.s.schaeferi Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1952 C.p.xerophilus Dickerman, 1988 C.p.novaesi Dickerman, 1988 C.p.pusillus Gould, 1861 C.r.xyostictus Oberholser, 1914 C.r.rupestris (Spix, 1825) C.a.acutipennis (Hermann, 1783) C.a.crissalis A.H. Miller, 1959 C.a.aequatorialis Chapman, 1923 C.a.exilis (Lesson, 1839) C.m.sennetti Coues, 1888 C.m.howelli Oberholser, 1914 C.m.henryi Cassin, 1855 C.m.chapmani Coues, 1888 C.g.vicinus Riley, 1903 N.l.leucopyga (Spix, 1825) N.l.latifascia Friedmann, 1945 P.n.minor Cory, 1915 P.n.nacunda (Vieillot, 1817) E.m.mystacalis (Temminck, 1826) E.m.nigripennis E.P. Ramsay, 1881 E.m.exul Mayr, 1941 E.m.bourdilloni (Hume, 1875) E.m.macrotis (Vigors 1831) E.m.jacobsoni (Junge, 1936)16 E.m.macropterus (Bonaparte, 1850) N.a.insularis Nelson, 1898 N.a.merrilli Sennett, 1888 N.a.yucatanensis Nelson, 1901 N.a.intercedens Griscom, 192918 N.a.gilvus Bangs, 1902 P.n.nuttallii (Audubon, 1844) P.n.californicus Ridgway, 1887 P.n.hueyi Dickey, 1928 P.n.dickeyi Grinnell, 1928 N.m.rayi (A.H. Miller, 1948) C.r.rufus Boddaert, 1783 C.r.otiosus (Bangs, 1911)24 C.r.saltarius Olrog, 1979 25 C.c.cubanensis (Lawrence, 1860) C.c.insulaepinorun Garrido, 198327 C.c.ekmani (Lönnberg, 1929) C.s.sericocaudatus (Cassin, 1849) C.r.ridgwayi (Nelson, 1897) C.v.vociferus A. Wilson, 1812 C.v.setosus van Rossem, 1934 C.v.oaxacae (Nelson, 1900) C.v.chiapensis (Nelson, 1900) C.v.vermiculatus (Dickey & van Rossem, 1928) C.l.ruficervix (P.L. Sclater, 1866) C.l.roraimae (Chapman, 1929) C.l.decussatus Tschudi, 1844 C.l.atripunctatus (Chapman, 1923) C.l.bifasciatus Gould, 1837 C.l.patagonicus Olrog, 196228 C.c.albicauda (Lawrence, 1875) C.c.apertus J.L. Peters, 1940 C.c.leopetes Jardine & Selby, 1830 C.p.heterurus (Todd, 1915) C.p.parvulus Gould, 1837 C.h.cearae (Cory, 1917) C.h.hirundinaceus Spix, 1825 C.h.vielliardi Ribon, 1995 C.r.ruficollis Temminck, 1820 C.i.kelaarti Blyth, 1852 C.i.phalaena Hartlaub & Finsch, 1872 C.e.sarudnyi E. Hartert, 1912 C.n.tamaricis Tristram, 1864 C.n.nubicus M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823 C.n.torridus Lort Phillips, 189840 C.n.jonesi Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, 1899 C.e.simplicior E. Hartert, 1921 C.e.eximius Temminck, 1826 C.a.atripennis Jerdon, 1845 C.a.aequabilis Ripley, 194541 C.m.albonotatus Tickell, 183342 C.m.andamanicus Hume, 1873 C.m.macrurus Horsfield, 1821 C.m.salvadori Sharpe, 187544 C.m.johnsoni Deignan, 195545 C.c.celebensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1894 C.p.pectoralis Cuvier, 181650 C.a.eidos J.L. Peters, 1940 C.m.aldabrensis Ridgway, 1894 C.m.madagascariensis Sganzin, 1840 C.n.accrae Shelley, 1875 C.a.amoyensis E.C.S. Baker, 1931 C.a.stictomus Swinhoe, 1863 C.a.undulatus Mayr, 1944 C.a.kasuidori Hachisuka, 1932 C.a.griseatus Walden, 1875 C.a.mindanensis Mearns, 1905 C.a.propinquus Riley, 1918 C.t.pallidogriseus Parker & Benson, 1971 C.t.lentiginosus A. Smith, 1845 C.p.pulchellus Salvadori, 1879 C.p.bartelsi Finsch, 1902 C.c.climacurus Vieillot, 1825 C.c.nigricans (Salvadori, 1868) C.c.sclateri (Bates, 1927) C.f.fossii Hartlaub, 1857 H.c.schomburgki P.L. Sclater, 1866 H.c.climacocerca (Tschudi, 1844) H.c.pallidior Todd, 1937 H.c.intercedens Todd, 1937 H.c.canescens Griscom & Greenway, 1937 H.t.torquata (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)63 U.s.segmentata (Cassin, 1849) U.s.kalinowskii (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894) U.l.lyra (Bonaparte, 1850) U.l.peruana (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1906) A.w.wallacii G.R. Gray, 1859 A.w.gigas Rothschild, 1931 A.w.manni Diamond, 1969 A.a.albertisi P.L. Sclater, 1874 A.a.salvadorii E. Hartert, 1892 A.b.affinis Salvadori, 1875 A.b.wiedenfeldi Laubmann, 1914 A.b.plumiferus E.P. Ramsay, 1883 A.c.cristatus (Shaw, 1790)72 A.c.tasmanicus Mathews, 1918 C.n.costaricensis Ridgway, 1910 C.n.niger (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) S.r.griseifrons (Nelson, 1900) S.r.brunnitorques (Lafresnaye, 1844)6 S.r.rutila (Vieillot, 1817) S.z.mexicana Ridgway, 1910 S.z.bouchellii Huber, 1923 S.z.pallidifrons (E. Hartert, 1896) S.z.minor (Lawrence, 1882) S.z.albicincta (Cabinis, 1862) S.z.altissima Chapman, 1914 S.z.zonaris (Shaw, 1796) S.b.seridoensis Sick, 1991 C.e.elachyptera Oberholser, 1906 C.e.oberholseri Stresemann, 1912 C.e.natalis Lister, 1889 C.e.isonata Oberholser, 1906 C.e.neglecta G.R. Gray, 1866 C.e.amethystina Salomonsen, 1983 C.e.erwini Collin & Hartert, 1927 C.e.becki Mayr, 1931 C.e.makirensis Mayr, 1931 C.e.desiderata Mayr, 1931 C.e.uropygialis G.R. Gray, 1866 C.l.linchi Horsfield & Moore, 185411 C.l.dodgei Richmond, 1905 A.i.sororum (Stresemann, 1931) A.i.infuscatus (Salvadori, 1880) A.i.ceramensis (van Oort, 1911) A.h.baru (Stresemann & Paludan, 1932) A.h.hirundinaceus (Stresemann, 1914) A.h.excelsus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1914) A.s.delichon (Salomonsen, 1983) A.s.eichhorni (E. Hartert, 1924) A.s.reichenowi (Stresemann, 1912) A.s.ingens (Salomonsen, 1983) A.s.leucopygius (Wallace, 1864) A.s.assimilis (Stresemann, 1912) A.s.townsendi (Oberholser, 1906) A.s.spodiopygius (Peale, 1848) A.t.terraereginae (E.P. Ramsay, 1875) A.b.vulcanorum (Stresemann, 1926) 17 A.w.whiteheadi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1895) A.w.origenis (Oberholser, 1906) A.o.orientalis (Mayr, 1935) A.s. subsp.? A.s.aerophilus (Oberholser, 1912) A.s.natunae (Stresemann, 1930) A.s.salangana (Streubel, 1848) A.v.palawanensis (Stresemann, 1914)21 A.v.aenigma (Riley, 1918) A.v.heinrichi (Stresemann, 1932) A.v.moluccarum (Stresemann, 1914) A.v.steini (Stresemann & Paludan, 1932) A.v.coultasi (Mayr, 1937) A.v.vanikorensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830) A.i.rukensis (N. Kuroda, Sr., 1915) A.i.ponapensis (Mayr, 1935) A.i.inquietus (Kittlitz, 1858) A.o.ocistus (Oberholser, 1906) A.o.gilliardi (Somadikarta, 1994) A.m.tichelmani (Stresemann, 1926) A.f.inexpectatus (Hume, 1873) A.f.amechanus (Oberholser, 1912) A.f.vestitus (Lesson, 1843) A.f.perplexus (Riley, 1927) A.f.fuciphagus (Thunberg, 1812) 30 A.f.dammermani (Rensch, 1931) S.m.myoptilus (Salvadori, 1888) S.m.poensis (Alexander, 1903) M.n.buergersi (Reichenow, 1917) M.n.novaeguineae (D’Albertis & Salvadori, 1879) Z.g.grandidieri (J. Verreaux, 1867) Z.g.mariae (Benson, 1960) 31 T.u.ussheri (Sharpe, 1870) T.u.stictilaema (Reichenow, 1879)32 T.u.benguellensis (Neumann, 1908) N.b.boehmi (Schalow, 1882) H.g.giganteus (Temminck, 1825) C.s.aetherodroma Wetmore, 1951 C.c.phaeopygos Hellmayr, 1906 C.c.schistacea Todd, 1937 C.c.guianensis E. Hartert, 1892 C.c.cinereiventris P.L. Sclater, 1862 C.v.tamaulipensis Sutton, 1941 C.v.gaumeri Lawrence, 1882 C.v.richmondi Ridgway, 1910 44 C.v.ochropygia Aldrich, 1937 C.v.andrei (Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902) C.b.praevelox Bangs & Penard, 1918 C.b.brachyura (Jardine, 1846) C.b.cinereocauda (Cassin, 1850) A.s.saxatalis (Woodhouse, 1853)48 A.s.nigrior Dickey & van Rossem, 1928 A.m.tatei (Chapman, 1929) A.a.parvulus (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1892) A.a.peruvianus (Chapman, 1919) A.a.andecolus (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) T.p.iradii (Lembeye, 1850) T.p.phoenicobia Gosse, 1847 T.f.furcata (Sutton, 1928) T.s.squamata (Cassin, 1853) 49 P.c.cayennensis (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) C.p.laemostigma (Reichenow, 1905) 50 C.p.griveaudi Benson, 1960 51 C.p.gracilis (Sharpe, 1871) C.b.bartelsorum Brooke, 1972 C.b.pallidior McGregor, 1905 T.m.archeri (E. Hartert, 1928) T.m.maximus (Ogilvie-Grant, 1907) T.m.marjoriae (Bradfield, 1935) T.m.willsi (E. Hartert, 1896) T.m.bakeri (E. Hartert, 1928) T.a.lowei (Bannerman, 1920) T.a.bamendae (Serle, 1949) 55 T.a.gelidus (Brooke, 1967) A.n.somalicus (Stephenson Clarke, 1919) A.p.illyricus Tschusi, 1907 A.b.barbatus (P.L. Sclater, 1865) A.b.balstoni (E. Bartlett, 1880) A.b.mayottensis (Nicoll, 1906) A.b.serlei de Roo, 1970 A.b.glanvillei Benson, 1967 A.b.berliozi Ripley, 1965 A.b.bradfieldi (Roberts, 1926) A.p.leuconyx (Blyth, 1845) A.a.bannermani E. Hartert, 1928 A.a.singalensis Madarász, 1911 A.n.furcatus Brooke, 1971 A.n.kuntzi Deignan, 1958 A.h.fuscobrunneus Brooke, 1971 H.l.perlonga (Richmond, 1903)64 H.l.wallacii (Gould, 1859) 65 H.c.major (E. Hartert, 1895) 67 H.m.confirmata Stresemann, 1914 H.m.aeroplanes Stresemann, 1921 E.a.salvini Gould, 18684 E.a.heterurus Gould, 1868 E.a.aquila (Bourcier, 1847) E.c.condamini (Bourcier, 1851) E.c.gracilis Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902 T.r.ventosus Bangs & Penard, 1924 T.r.ruckeri (Bourcier, 1847) T.r.venezuelensis Cory, 1913 T.n.rufigastra Cory, 1915 T.n.niger (Linnaeus, 1758) T.n.medianus Hellmayr, 1929 P.g.coruscus Bangs, 1902 P.g.emiliae (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846) P.g.guy (Lesson, 1832) P.l.griseoventer A.R. Phillips, 1962 P.l.mexicanus E. Hartert, 1897 P.l.longirostris (DeLattre, 1843)14 P.l.cephalus (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848) P.l.sussurus Bangs, 1901 P.l.baroni E. Hartert, 1897 P.s.superciliosus (Linnaeus, 1766)17 P.s.muelleri Hellmayr, 1911 P.m.malaris (Nordmann, 1835) P.m.moorei Lawrence, 185818 P.m.ochraceiventris Hellmayr, 1907 P.m.bolivianus Gould, 186119 P.m.margarettae Ruschi, 197220 P.s.syrmatophorus Gould, 1851 P.s.columbianus Boucard, 189121 P.b.major Hinkelmann, 1989 P.a.hyalinus Bangs, 1901 P.a.anthophilus (Bourcier, 1843) P.e.eurynome (Lesson, 1832)24 P.e.paraguayensis M. & W. Bertoni, 190125 P.a.curiosus Wetmore, 1956 P.a.augusti (Bourcier, 1847)27 P.a.incanescens (Simon, 1921) P.r.amazonicus Hellmayr, 1906 P.r.episcopus Gould, 1857 P.r.longipennis Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902 P.a.atrimentalis Lawrence, 1858 P.a.riojae Berlepsch, 188932 P.s.saturatus Ridgway, 191033 34 P.s.subrufescens Chapman, 1917 P.s.striigularis Gould, 1854 P.s.ignobilis Todd, 1913 P.g.zonura Gould, 1860 P.g.porcullae Carriker, 1935 D.l.veraguensis Salvin, 1867 D.j.johannae (Bourcier, 1847) D.j.guianensis (Boucard, 1893) C.c.maculicauda (Griscom, 1932) C.c.saturatior (E. Hartert, 1901 C.c.cuvierii (DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846) C.c.berlepschi (Hellmayr, 1915) C.c.curvipennis (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1830) C.c.excellens (Wetmore, 1941)38 C.c.yucatanensis (Simon, 1921) C.c.pampa (Lesson, 1832)39 C.l.largipennis (Boddaert, 1783) C.l.obscurus Gould, 1848 C.l.diamantinensis Ruschi, 196340 C.h.hemileucurus (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1830) C.h.mellitus Bangs, 1902 C.d.duidae Chapman, 192941 E.m.simoni Hellmayr, 1929 E.m.cyanoviridis Grantsau, 1988 E.m.hirundo Gould, 1875 F.m.mellivora (Linnaeus, 1758) F.m.flabellifera (Gould, 1846) C.t.thalassinus (Swainson, 1827)46 C.t.cabanidis (Heine, 1863) A.p.gracilirostris Ridgway, 1910 A.p.hendersoni (Cory, 1887)47 A.p.viridicordatus Cory, 1913 A.p.iridescens (Gould, 1861)48 A.d.dominicus (Linnaeus, 1766) T.p.microrhyncha Butler, 1926 T.p.pyra (Gould, 1846) E.h.chlorolaemus Gould, 1857 O.c.ornatus Gould, 1861 O.c.cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758) O.c.emigrans Lawrence, 1877 K.g.merrittii (Lawrence, 1860)53 K.g.pallidiventris Stolzmann, 1926 S.l.lalandi (Vieillot, 1818) S.l.loddigesii (Gould, 1831) A.a.abeillei (Lesson & DeLattre, 1839) A.a.aurea Miller & Griscom, 1925 L.d.delattrei (Lesson, 1839) L.c.verreauxii J. & E. Verreaux, 1853 L.c.klagesi Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902 L.c.chalybeus (Vieillot, 1823) L.p.duidae Chapman, 1929 D.l.langsdorffi (Temminck, 1821) C.n.obsoletus (J.T. Zimmer, 1950) C.c.salvini Cabanis & Heine, 1860 C.m.pumilus Gould, 1872 C.m.gibsoni (Fraser, 1840) C.m.chrysogaster (Bourcier, 1843) C.m.nitens Lawrence, 1861 C.m.mellisugus (Linnaeus, 1758) C.m.phoeopygus (Tschudi, 1844)66 C.m.peruanus Gould, 1861 C.a.pucherani (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848) C.a.berlepschi Pinto, 1938 C.s.ignotus Todd, 194270 C.p.poortmani (Bourcier, 1843) C.p.euchloris (Reichenbach, 1854) P.i.eisenmanni Stiles, 1985 P.i.insignis Cabanis & Heine, 1860 E.e.eximia (DeLattre, 1843) E.e.egregia Sclater & Salvin, 1868 C.l.magicus (Mulsant & Verreaux, 1872) C.l.propinquus R.T. Moore, 1939 C.l.latirostris Swainson, 1827 C.l.toroi Berlioz, 1937 C.l.doubledayi (Bourcier, 1847) T.c.townsendi Ridgway, 1888 T.c.venusta (Gould, 1851) T.c.colombica (Bourcier, 1843) T.f.verticeps (Gould, 1851) T.f.hypochlora Gould, 1871 T.f.refulgens Gould, 1853 T.f.viridipectus Gould, 184874 T.f.jelskii Taczanowski, 1874 T.f.simoni Hellmayr, 1906 T.f.furcatoides Gould, 1861 T.f.boliviana Boucard, 1894 T.f.eriphile (Lesson, 1832) D.j.panamensis Berlepsch, 1884 D.j.julie (Bourcier, 1842) D.j.feliciana (Lesson, 1844) L.c.coeruleogularis (Gould, 1851) L.c.confinis Griscom, 1932 L.c.coelina (Bourcier, 1856) L.g.luminosa (Lawrence, 1862) L.g.goudoti (Bourcier, 1843) L.g.zuliae Cory, 1918 L.g.phaeochroa Todd, 1942 H.e.eliciae (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846) H.c.rostrata Boucard, 1895 H.c.cyanus (Vieillot, 1818) C.o.josephinae (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848) C.o.alleni (Elliot, 1888)79 P.g.andinus Simon, 192180 P.t.theresiae (Da Silva Maia, 1843) A.c.chionogaster (Tschudi, 1844) A.c.hypoleuca (Gould, 1846) A.r.diluta van Rossem, 1938 A.r.graysoni Lawrence, 1866 A.r.rutila (Lesson, 1842) A.y.chalconota Oberholser, 1898 A.y.cerviniventris (Gould, 1856) A.y.yucatanensis (Cabot, 1845) A.t.tzacatl (De la Llave, 1833) A.t.jucunda (Heine, 1863) A.a.leucophoea Reichenbach, 185488 A.a.amazilia (Lesson, 1828) A.a.caeruleigularis Carriker, 1933 A.l.leucogaster (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) A.l.bahiae (E. Hartert, 1899) A.v.millerii (Bourcier, 1847) A.v.hollandi (Todd, 1913) A.v.nitidifrons (Gould, 1860) A.v.versicolor (Vieillot, 1818) A.b.chionopectus (Gould, 1859) A.b.orienticola Todd, 1942 A.f.franciae (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846) A.f.viridiceps (Gould, 1860) A.f.cyanocollis (Gould, 1854) A.c.genini (Meise, 1938)93 A.c.candida (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846) A.v.ellioti (Berlepsch, 1889) A.v.violiceps (Gould, 1859) A.v.viridifrons (Elliot, 1871) A.f.elegantissima Todd, 194299 A.f.fimbriata (J.F. Gmelin, 1788)100 A.f.apicalis (Gould, 1861) A.f.fluviatilis (Gould, 1861) A.f.laeta (E. Hartert, 1900) A.f.nigricauda (Elliot, 1878) A.f.tephrocephala (Vieillot, 1818) A.l.zimmeri (Gilliard, 1941) A.l.lactea (Lesson, 1832) A.l.bartletti (Gould, 1866) A.a.decora (Salvin, 1891) A.s.hoffmanni (Cabanis & Heine, 1860) A.s.warscewiczi (Cabanis & Heine, 1860) A.s.braccata (Heine, 1863) A.e.edward (DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846) A.e.collata Wetmore, 1952 A.c.guatemalae (Dearborn, 1907) A.c.cyanura Gould, 1859 A.c.impatiens (Bangs, 1906)107 A.b.viola (W. de W. Miller, 1905) A.b.beryllina (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1830) A.b.sumichrasti Salvin, 1891108 A.b.devillei (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848) A.v.viridigaster (Bourcier, 1843) A.v.iodura (Reichenbach, 1854)109 A.c.duidae (Chapman, 1929) A.t.monticola (Todd, 1913) A.t.feliciae (Lesson, 1840) A.t.caudata Zimmer & Phelps, 1949 A.t.aliciae Richmond, 1895 A.t.erythronotos (Lesson, 1829) A.t.tobaci (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) A.t.caurensis (Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902) M.a.parvirostris (Lawrence, 1865) M.a.albocoronata (Lawrence, 1855) A.f.floriceps (Gould, 1854) A.f.berlepschi Salvin, 1893 C.b.micans Bangs & Barbour, 1922 C.b.buffonii (Lesson, 1832) C.b.aeneicauda Lawrence, 1865 C.b.caeruleogaster (Gould, 1847) C.u.melanorrhoa Salvin, 1865 C.u.isaurae (Gould, 1861)111 C.u.intermedia E. & C. Hartert, 1894112 L.c.bessophilus (Oberholser, 1918) L.c.clemenciae (Lesson, 1829) L.a.amethystinus Swainson, 1827 L.a.circumventris (A.R. Phillips, 1966)114 L.a.margaritae (Salvin & Godman, 1889) L.a.salvini (Ridgway, 1908) L.a.nobilis Griscom, 1932 L.v.amadoni J.S. Rowley, 1968116 L.v.ovandensis (Brodkorb, 1939) L.v.nubivagus Dickey & van Rossem, 1929 L.c.calolaemus (Salvin, 1865)118 L.c.cinereicauda (Lawrence, 1867) B.l.borealis (Griscom, 1929) B.l.leucotis (Vieillot, 1818) B.l.pygmaea Simon & Hellmayr, 1908 A.m.cervina Gould, 1872 A.m.aeneosticta Simon, 1889 A.m.maculata Gould, 1861 A.m.chlorospila Gould, 1872 A.m.inornata (Gould, 1846) H.s.whitelyana (Gould, 1872) H.r.rubinoides (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846) H.r.aequatorialis (Gould, 1860) H.r.cervinigularis (Salvin, 1892) H.j.henryi Lawrence, 1867 H.j.jacula Gould, 1850 H.j.jamesoni (Bourcier, 1851) H.l.leadbeateri (Bourcier, 1843) H.l.parvula Berlepsch, 1887 H.l.sagitta (Reichenbach, 1854) H.l.otero (Tschudi, 1844)125 E.f.spectabilis (Lawrence, 1867) U.b.bougueri (Bourcier, 1851) U.b.leucura Lawrence, 1864127 B.f.flavescens (Loddiges, 1832) B.f.tinochlora Oberholser, 1902 A.c.cupripennis (Bourcier, 1843)129 A.c.caumatonota Gould, 1848 A.c.regalis J.T. Zimmer, 1951130 A.c.castelnaudii (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848) O.c.jamesonii Jardine, 1849 O.c.soderstromi Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1922 O.c.chimborazo (DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846) O.e.bolivianus Boucard, 1893 L.l.liriope Bangs, 1910 L.l.lafresnayi (Boissonneau, 1840)132 L.l.saul (DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846) L.l.rectirostris Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902133 C.c.ferruginea (Chapman, 1917) C.c.obscura (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902)135 C.c.boliviana (Gould, 1861) C.t.fuligidigula (Gould, 1854) C.t.margaretae J.T. Zimmer, 1948 C.t.eisenmanni Weske, 1985 C.t.insectivora (Tschudi, 1844) C.t.inca (Gould, 1852) C.b.bonapartei (Boissonneau, 1840) C.b.orina Wetmore, 1953 C.b.eos (Gould, 1848) C.h.helianthea (Lesson, 1838) C.h.tamai Berlioz & Phelps, 1953 138 C.v.dichroura (Taczanowski, 1874) C.v.osculans (Gould, 1871) C.v.violifer (Gould, 1846) C.i.hesperus (Gould, 1865) C.i.iris (Gould, 1854) C.i.aurora (Gould, 1854) C.i.eva (Salvin, 1897) P.c.cyanopterus (Fraser, 1839) P.c.caeruleus J.T. Zimmer, 1951 P.c.peruvianus Boucard, 1895 P.g.gigas (Vieillot, 1824) H.a.violiceps Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1953 H.a.clarisse (Longuemare, 1841)142 H.a.spencei (Bourcier, 1847) H.a.laticlavius Salvin, 1891 H.a.decolor J.T. Zimmer, 1951 H.a.amethysticollis (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838) H.m.micraster Gould, 1872 H.m.cutervensis Simon, 1921 E.v.paramillo (Chapman, 1917) E.v.vestita (Lesson, 1838) E.v.smaragdinipectus Gould, 1868 E.l.catharina Salvin, 1897 E.l.sapphiropygia Taczanowski, 1874147 E.a.alinae (Bourcier, 1842) E.a.dybowskii Taczanowski, 1882 H.a.russata (Gould, 1871) H.a.affinis (Taczanowski, 1884) H.a.assimilis (Elliot, 1876) O.u.polystictus Todd, 1942 O.u.melanantherus (Jardine, 1851) O.u.peruanus (Gould, 1849) O.u.annae (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894) O.u.addae (Bourcier, 1846) L.v.victoriae (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)157 L.v.juliae (E. Hartert, 1899) L.v.berlepschi (Hellmayr, 1915) L.n.gouldii (Loddiges, 1832) L.n.gracilis (Gould, 1846) L.n.pallidiventris (Simon, 1902) L.n.eucharis (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)158 L.n.nuna (Lesson, 1832)159 S.s.sparganura (Shaw, 1812) S.s.sapho (Lesson, 1829) R.m.andicola (Simon, 1921)160 R.m.microrhynchum (Boissonneau, 1839) R.m.albiventre Carriker, 1935 R.m.bolivianum Schuchmann, 1984 O.n.albolimbata Berlioz, 1938 O.n.nobilis Gould, 1869 O.g.cyanolaemus Salvin & Godman, 1880 O.g.lindenii (Parzudaki, 1845) O.g.stuebelii A.B. Meyer, 1884 O.g.guerinii (Boissonneau, 1840) M.t.districta Bangs, 1899 M.t.chloropogon (Cabanis & Heine, 1860) M.t.oreopola Todd, 1913 M.t.quitensis Gould, 1861 M.t.septentrionalis E. Hartert, 1899 M.w.recisa Wetmore, 1970162 M.w.williami (DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846) M.w.primolina Bourcier, 1853 M.w.atrigularis Salvin, 1893 M.t.theresiae Simon, 1902 M.a.aeneocauda (Gould, 1846) M.a.malagae Berlepsch, 1897 C.o.pallens Carriker, 1935 C.o.olivaceum (Lawrence, 1864) C.s.stanleyi (Bourcier, 1851) C.s.versigulare J.T. Zimmer, 1924164 C.s.vulcani (Gould, 1852) C.h.tolimae O. Kleinschmidt, 1927 C.h.herrani (DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846) A.k.berlepschi (E. Hartert, 1898)165 A.k.margarethae (Heine, 1863) A.k.caudatus (Berlepsch, 1892)166 A.k.emmae (Berlepsch, 1892) A.k.kingi (Lesson, 1832) A.k.mocoa (DeLattre & Bourcier, 1846) A.k.smaragdinus (Gould, 1846) A.c.coelestis (Gould, 1861)167 A.c.aethereus (Chapman, 1925) A.s.scutatus (Temminck, 1824) S.g.geoffroyi (Bourcier, 1843) S.g.chapmani (Berlioz, 1941)171 H.a.phainolaemus Gould, 1855 H.a.auriculatus (Nordmann, 1835) H.c.pinicola (Gould, 1853) H.c.constantii (DeLattre, 1843) H.l.pallidiceps Gould, 1861 H.l.albicrissa Gould, 1871 R.v.koepckeae Berlioz, 1974 R.v.vesper (Lesson, 1829)177 R.v.atacamensis (Leybold, 1869) C.e.evelynae (Bourcier, 1847)179 C.e.lyrura (Gould, 1869) M.m.minima (Linnaeus, 1758) M.m.vieilloti (Shaw, 1812) A.h.margarethae R.T. Moore, 1937 A.h.heloisa (Lesson & DeLattre, 1839) A.e.ellioti Ridgway, 1878 A.e.selasphoroides Griscom, 1932 M.f.fanny (Lesson, 1838) M.f.megalura J.T. Zimmer, 1953181 C.h.heliodor (Bourcier, 1840)185 C.h.cleavesi R.T. Moore, 1934 C.j.rosae (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846) C.j.jourdanii (Bourcier, 1839) S.s.sedentarius Grinnell, 1929 S.f.flammula Salvin, 1865 S.f.simoni Carriker, 1910 C.s.nigricollis C.s.leucotis Rüppell, 18392 C.s.hilgerti Zedlitz, 1910 C.s.jebelensis Mearns, 1915 C.s.mombassicus van Someren, 1919 C.s.kikuyensis van Someren, 1919 C.s.cinerascens Neumann, 1900 C.s.congicus C.s.striatus J.F. Gmelin, 1789 C.l.turneri van Someren, 1919 C.l.leucocephalus Reichenow, 1879 U.m.macrourus (Linnaeus, 1766)5 U.i.lacteifrons Sharpe, 1892 U.i.pallidus Reichenow, 1896 U.i.indicus Latham, 1790 A.n.constantia (Sharpe & Ussher, 1872) H.r.mackloti (S. Müller, 1835) H.r.reinwardtii (Temminck, 1822) H.f.malabaricus (Gould, 1834) H.f.legerli Koelz, 1939 H.f.fasciatus H.k.kasumba H.k.impavidus (Chasen & Kloss, 1931) H.d.sumatranus W.H. Blasius, 1896 H.d.diardii (Temminck, 1832) H.a.minor Manuel, 1958 H.a.ardens (Temminck, 1826) H.o.vidua Ogilvie-Grant, 1892 H.o.uniformis H.o.oreskios H.o.dulitensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1892 H.o.nias Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1939 H.e.intermedius (Kinnear, 1925) H.e.annamensis (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) H.e.klossi (Robinson, 1915) H.e.chaseni Riley, 1934 H.e.hainanus H.e.flagrans (S. Müller, 1835) P.t.vescus Bangs & Zappey, 1905 T.c.citreolus Gould, 1835 T.c.sumichrasti Brodkorb, 1942 T.v.chionurus Sclater & Salvin, 1871 T.v.melanopterus Swainson, 183817 T.s.aurantius T.c.peruvianus Gould, 185818 T.c.curucui Linnaeus, 1766 T.v.braccatus (Cabanis & Heine, 1856) T.v.concinnus Lawrence, 1862 T.v.caligatus T.v.ramonianus Deville & Des Murs, 1849 T.v.crissalis (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) T.m.mexicanus Swainson, 1827 T.m.lutescens Griscom, 193219 T.e.canescens van Rossem, 1934 T.e.ambiguus Gould, 1835 T.e.elegans Gould, 1834 T.e.lubricus J.L. Peters, 1945 T.e.goldmani T.c.puella Gould, 1845 T.c.extimus Griscom, 1929 T.c.hoethinus Wetmore, 1967 T.c.virginalis T.c.subtropicalis J.T. Zimmer, 1948 T.c.exoptatus Cabanis & Heine, 1863 T.c.collaris Vieillot, 1817 T.c.castaneus Spix, 1824 T.p.sanctaemartae J.T. Zimmer, 1948 T.p.ptaritepui Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 T.p.personatus Gould, 1842 T.p.assimilis Gould, 1846 T.p.temperatus (Chapman, 1923) T.p.heliothrix Tschudi, 1844 T.p.submontanus Todd, 1943 T.p.duidae Chapman, 1929 T.p.roraimae T.a.underwoodi Bangs, 1908 T.a.aurantiiventris Gould, 1856 T.a.flavidior (Griscom, 1925) T.r.tenellus Cabanis, 1862 T.r.cupreicauda (Chapman, 1914) T.r.rufus J.F. Gmelin, 1788 T.r.sulphureus Spix, 1824 T.r.amazonicus Todd, 1943 T.r.chrysochloros Pelzeln, 1856 T.m.massena Gould, 1838 T.m.hoffmanni (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) T.m.australis T.m.macroura Gould, 1838 T.m.mesurus T.m.eumorphus J.T. Zimmer, 1948 ¶T.m.occidentalis Pinto, 1950 T.m.melanurus Swainson, 1838 P.a.hargitti (Oustalet, 1891) P.f.festatus Bangs, 1899 P.f.fulgidus (Gould, 1838) P.m.mocinno de la Llave, 1832 P.m.costaricensis Cabanis, 1869 C.n.naevius Daudin, 1800 E.g.gularis Vieillot, 1819 E.g.glaucurus (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776) E.o.gigas Stresemann, 1913 E.o.oberholseri Junge, 1936 L.d.gracilis Milne-Edwards & Oustalet, 1885 L.d.intermedius Hartert & Neumann, 1924 L.d.discolor (Hermann, 1783) A.m.monachus (Bonaparte, 1850)4 A.m.capucina (Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896) A.p.princeps (Reichenbach, 1851) A.p.erythrorhampha (Stresemann, 1931)6 A.p.regalis (Stresemann, 1932) A.b.bougainvillei (Rothschild, 1904) A.b.excelsus A.l.lindsayi (Vigors, 1831) A.l.moseleyi Steere, 1890 A.c.peristephes (Deignan, 1946) A.c.borneanus (Chasen & Kloss, 1930 M.m.waigiuensis E. Hartert, 1930 M.m.jobiensis Salvadori, 1880 L.p.melanops (Bonaparte, 1850) T.g.emiliae Sharpe, 1871 T.g.doris Wallace, 1862 T.g.browningi Ripley, 1983 T.g.brunhildae Jany, 1955 T.g.margarethae Heine, 1859 T.g.sabrina G.R. Gray, 1860 T.g.obiensis Salvadori, 1877 T.g.acis Wallace, 1863 T.g.meyeri Salvadori, 1889 T.g.minor Salvadori & D’Albertis, 1875 T.g.vulcani Rothschild & Hartert, 1915 T.g.rosseliana Tristram, 1889 T.s.leucura Neumann, 1915 T.s.salvadoriana E.P. Ramsay, 1878 C.c.sanghirensis Sharpe, 1868 C.c.cyanotis (Temminck, 1824)9 D.l.superflua Mathews, 191811 D.l.intermedia Salvadori, 1876 D.t.archboldi D.t.tyro G.R. Gray, 1858 P.c.capensis (Linnaeus, 1766) P.c.osmastoni (E.C.S. Baker, 1934)14 P.c.intermedia Hume, 1874 P.c.cyanopteryx (Oberholser, 1909) P.c.simalurensis Richmond, 1903 P.c.sodalis Richmond, 190315 P.c.innominata (van Ooort, 1910) P.c.javana (Boddaert, 1783)16 P.c.floresiana Sharpe, 1870 P.c.gigantea Walden, 1874 18 P.m.dichrorhyncha Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1896 P.m.eutreptorhyncha E. Hartert, 1898 H.l.acteon (Lesson, 1830) H.l.semicaerulea (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) H.l.hyacinthina Reichenow, 1900 H.a.albiventris (Scopoli, 1786) H.c.eremogiton E. Hartert, 1921 H.m.dryas Hartlaub, 1854 H.m.malimbica (Shaw, 1811)28 H.s.fuscopileus Reichenow, 190629 H.s.senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766) T.n.quadricolor (Oustalet, 1880) T.n.stictolaemus (Salvadori, 1876) T.w.mindanensis (Parkes, 1966) T.w.winchelli (Sharpe, 1877) T.m.elizabeth (Heine, 1883) T.c.abyssinicus (Pelzeln, 1856) T.c.kalbaensis (Cowles, 1980) T.c.vidali (Sharpe, 1892) T.c.davisoni (Sharpe, 1892) T.c.occipitalis Blyth, 1846 T.c.laubmannianus (Grote, 1933) T.c.chloropterus (Oberholser, 1919) T.c.azelus (Oberholser, 1919) T.c.palmeri (Oberholser, 1919) T.c.collaris (Scopoli, 1786) T.c.teraokai (N. Kuroda, Sr., 1915) T.c.albicilla (Dumont, 1823) T.c.orii (Taka-Tsukasa & Momiyama, 1931) T.c.nusae (Heinroth, 1902) T.c.matthiae (Heinroth, 1902) T.c.stresemanni (Laubmann, 1923) T.c.novaehiberniae (E. Hartert, 1925) T.c.tristrami (E.L. Layard, 1880) T.c.alberti (Rothschild & Hartert, 1905) T.c.mala (Mayr, 1935) T.c.pavuvu (Mayr, 1935) T.c.amoenus (Mayr, 1931) T.c.brachyurus (Mayr, 1931) T.c.vicina (Mayr, 1931) T.c.ornatus (Mayr, 1931) T.c.utupuae (Mayr, 1931) T.c.melanodera (Mayr, 1931) T.c.torresianus (Mayr, 1931) T.c.santoensis (Mayr, 1931) T.c.juliae (Heine, 1860) T.c.erromangae (Mayr, 1938) T.c.tannensis (Sharpe, 1892) T.c.eximius (Mayr, 1941) T.c.marinus (Mayr, 1941) T.c.sacer (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) T.c.regina (Mayr, 1941) T.c.pealei (Finsch & Hartlaub, 1867) T.c.manuae (Mayr, 1941) T.c.pelewensis (Wiglesworth, 1891) T.c.reichenbachii Hartlaub, 1852 T.c.cinnamominus (Swainson, 1821) T.s.saurophagus (Gould, 1843) T.s.anachoreta (Reichenow, 1898) T.s.admiralitatis (Sharpe, 1892) T.s.recurvirostris Lafresnaye, 184239 T.s.canacorum (Brasil, 1916) T.s.macmillani (Mayr, 1940) T.a.odites (J.L. Peters, 1945) T.t.tutus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) T.v.veneratus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) T.v.youngi Sharpe, 1892 T.g.gertrudae Murphy, 1924 S.t.meeki Rothschild & Hartert, 1901 S.t.ochracea Rothschild & Hartert, 1901 S.t.flavirostris (Gould, 1850) S.m.wellsi Mathews, 1918 S.m.sellamontis Reichenow, 1919 S.m.megarhyncha Salvadori, 1896 C.e.macrocarus Oberholser, 1917 C.m.melanurus (Kaup, 1848) C.m.samarensis Steere, 1890 C.m.mindanensis Steere, 1890 C.f.sangirensis (Meyer & Wiglesworth, 1898) C.f.fallax (Schlegel, 1866) C.m.madagascariensis (Linnaeus, 1766) C.l.wallacii Sharpe, 1868 C.l.lepidus Temminck, 1836 C.l.cajeli Wallace, 1863 C.l.dispar Rothschild & Hartert, 1914 C.l.mulcatus Rothschild & Hartert, 1914 C.l.sacerdotis E.P. Ramsay, 1882 C.l.malaitae Mayr, 1935 C.l.nigromaxilla Rothschild & Hartert, 1905 A.l.bowdleri Neumann, 1908 A.l.leucogaster (Fraser, 1843)55 A.l.nais Kaup, 1848 A.c.thomensis (Salvadori, 1902) A.v.vintsioides Eydoux & Gervais, 1836 A.v.johannae A.e.euryzona Temminck, 1830 A.q.quadribrachys Bonaparte, 1850 A.a.affinis (G.R. Gray, 1860) A.a.ruficollaris (Bankier, 1841)60 A.a.azurea Latham, 180261 A.a.diemenensis (Gould, 1846)62 A.p.halli (Mathews, 1912) A.p.masauji (Mathews, 1927) A.p.aolae (Ogilvie-Grant, 1914) A.m.phillipsi E.C.S. Baker, 1927 A.m.scintillans E.C.S. Baker, 1919 A.m.rufigastra Walden, 187366 A.a.taprobana O. Kleinschmidt, 1894 A.a.salomonensis Rothschild & Hartert, 1905 C.a.stictoptera (Ridgway, 1884) C.a.hachisukai Laubmann, 1942 C.a.americana (J.F. Gmelin, 1788)73 C.a.mathewsii Laubmann, 1927 M.l.pallida (Momiyama, 1927) M.l.lugubris (Temminck, 1834) M.t.stictipennis (Lawrence, 1885) M.t.torquata (Linnaeus, 1766) M.t.stellata (Meyen, 1834) C.r.travancoreensis C.r.insignis E. Hartert, 1910 H.m.chiapensis Brodkorb, 1938 H.m.obscurus Nelson, 1911 M.m.mexicanus Swainson, 1827 M.m.saturatus Nelson, 1897 M.m.castaneiceps Gould, 1855 M.m.coeruliceps (Gould, 1836) M.m.goldmani Nelson, 1900 M.m.exiguus M.m.lessonii M.m.conexus M.m.subrufescens P.L. Sclater, 1853 M.m.momota M.m.osgoodi M.m.bahamensis (Swainson, 1837) M.m.microstephanus P.L. Sclater, 1858 M.m.argenticinctus Sharpe, 1892 M.m.ignobilis M.m.nattereri M.m.simplex M.m.cametensis E. Snethlage, 1912 M.m.parensis Sharpe, 1892 M.m.pilcomajensis Reichenow, 1919 M.a.aequatorialis Gould, 1857 M.a.chlorolaemus Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902 B.m.semirufus (P.L. Sclater, 1853)7 B.m.martii (Spix, 1824) E.p.minus (E. Hartert, 1898)10 E.p.platyrhynchum (Leadbeater, 1829) E.p.orienticola Oberholser, 1920 E.p.chlorophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1931 E.s.bipartita Ridgway, 1912 E.s.superciliosa (Sandbach, 1837) E.s.vanrossemi Griscom, 1929 E.s.sylvestris E.s.euroaustris Griscom, 1929 E.s.australis Bangs, 1906 A.p.wagleri (Sturm, 1841) A.p.warneri Winker, 2000 A.p.prasinus (Gould, 1834) A.p.virescens Ridgway, 19122 A.p.volcanius A.p.caeruleogularis (Gould, 1854)3 A.p.cognatus A.p.griseigularis Chapman, 1915 A.p.phaeolaemus (Gould, 1874) A.p.lautus (Bangs, 1898) A.p.cyanolaemus (Gould, 1866) A.p.dimidiatus (Ridgway, 1886) A.p.atrogularis (Sturm, 1841) A.s.calorhynchus (Gould, 1874) A.s.sulcatus (Swainson, 1820) A.s.erythrognathus (Gould, 1874) A.d.derbianus Gould, 1835 A.d.duidae Chapman, 1929 A.d.osgoodi Blake, 1941 P.i.humboldti Wagler, 1827 P.b.sturmii Natterer, 1842 P.b.reichenowi E. Snethlage, 1907 P.b.bitorquatus Vigors, 1826 P.a.flavirostris Fraser, 1841 P.a.azara (Vieillot, 1819) P.a.mariae Gould, 1854 P.a.atricollis (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776)7 P.a.aracari (Linnaeus, 1758) P.c.australis Cassin, 1867 P.t.torquatus P.t.erythrozonus Ridgway, 1912 P.t.nuchalis Cabanis, 1862 S.r.reinwardtii (Wagler, 1827) S.r.langsdorffii (Wagler, 1827) A.h.hypoglauca (Gould, 1833) A.h.lateralis Chapman, 1923 A.n.occidentalis Chapman, 1915 A.n.spilorhynchus Gould, 1858 A.n.nigrirostris (Waterhouse, 1839) R.v.culminatus Gould, 1833 R.v.citreolaemus Gould, 1844 R.v.ariel Vigors, 182613 R.s.sulfuratus Lesson, 1830 R.t.toco P.L. Statius Müller, 1776 R.t.tucanus Linnaeus, 1758 R.t.cuvieri Wagler, 1827 R.t.inca Gould, 1846 R.a.ambiguus Swainson, 1823 R.a.abbreviatus Cabanis, 1862 C.m.maculicoronatus Lawrence, 1861 C.m.rubrilateralis Chapman, 191216 C.h.hypoleucus Salvin, 1897 C.h.carrikeri Graves, 1986 C.h.extinctus Graves, 1986 C.a.punctatus (Lesson, 1830) C.a.aurantiicinctus Dalmas, 190018 C.a.auratus (Dumont, 1816) C.a.orosae Chapman, 1928 C.a.amazonicus Deville & Des Murs, 184919 C.a.hypochondriacus Chapman, 1928 C.a.bolivianus Ridgway, 191221 E.r.richardsoni (G.R. Gray, 1846) E.r.nigriceps E.r.aurantiicollis P.L. Sclater, 185822 E.r.purusianus Gyldenstolpe, 195123 E.b.salvini (Shelley, 1891) E.b.anomalus Griscom, 1929 E.b.occidentalis Chapman, 1914 E.b.bourcierii E.b.aequatorialis (Salvadori & Festa, 1900) E.b.orientalis E.v.steerii (P.L. Sclater, 1878) E.v.glaucogularis (Tschudi, 1844) E.v.versicolor (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776) S.r.caucae Gyldenstolpe, 1941 S.r.ramphastinus (Jardine, 1855) M.v.marshallorum (Swinhoe, 1870) M.l.rothschildi (Delacour, 1927) M.l.lagrandieri J. Verreaux, 1868 M.z.inornata Walden, 1870 M.z.zeylanica (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) M.l.lineata (Vieillot, 1816) M.f.praetermissa (Kloss, 1918) M.c.laeta (Robinson & Kloss, 1918) M.c.chrysopogon (Temminck, 1824) M.c.chrysopsis Goffin, 1863 M.m.mystacophanos (Temminck, 1824)30 M.m.ampala (Oberholser, 1912) M.f.auricularis (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) M.f.trangensis (Riley, 1934) M.f.minor (Kloss & Chasen 1926) M.o.sini (Stresemann, 1929) M.o.nuchalis M.o.faber (Swinhoe, 1870) M.o.annamensis (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) M.o.oorti (S. Müller, 1835) M.a.chersonesus (Kloss & Chasen, 1927) M.i.incognita M.i.euroa (Deignan, 1939) M.h.henricii (Temminck, 1831) M.h.brachyrhyncha (Neumann, 1908) M.a.armillaris M.a.baliensis M.a.stuarti (Robinson & Kloss, 1919) M.a.gigantorhina (Oberholser, 1912)36 M.a.tanamassae (Meyer de Schauensee, 1929) M.a.australis M.e.cyanea (Harrisson & Hartley, 1934) M.e.eximia (Sharpe, 1892) M.r.malabarica (Blyth, 1847) M.r.rubricapillus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) M.h.delica (Parrot, 1907) M.h.rosea (Dumont, 1816) M.h.cebuensis Dziadosz & Parkes, 1984 C.f.hayii (J.E. Gray, 1831)40 C.f.fuliginosus (Temminck, 1830) C.f.tertius Chasen & Kloss, 1929 G.b.bonapartei Hartlaub, 1854 G.c.calvus (Lafresnaye, 1841) G.c.congicus G.c.vernayi Boulton, 1931 S.l.kilimensis S.l.leucogrammica (Reichenow, 1915) S.w.stresemanni (Grote, 1934) S.w.whytii (Shelley, 1893)44 S.a.katangae (Vincent, 1934) S.a.anchietae (Bocage, 1869) S.a.rex (Neumann, 1908) S.o.olivacea (Shelley, 1880) S.o.woodwardi Shelley, 189546 S.o.belcheri (W.L. Sclater, 1927) P.s.stellatus (Jardine & Fraser, 1852) P.c.coryphaeus (Reichenow, 1892) P.c.hildamariae (W.L. Sclater, 1938) P.c.angolensis (Boulton, 1931) P.s.chrysopygus (Shelley, 1889) P.s.subsulphureus (Fraser, 1843) P.b.poensis (Alexander, 1908) P.p.uropygialis (Heuglin, 1862) P.p.pusillus (Dumont, 1816)55 P.c.xanthostictus (Blundell & Lovat, 1899) T.h.hirsuta (Swainson, 1821)59 T.h.angolensis Neumann, 1908 T.d.massaica T.m.blandi Lort Phillips, 1897 T.m.flavibuccalis Reichenow, 1893 L.u.thiogaster Neumann, 1903 L.u.undatus (Rüppell, 1837) L.u.leucogenys (Blundell & Lovat, 1899) L.u.salvadori L.v.buchanani E. Hartert, 1924 L.v.rubescens (Temminck, 1823) L.l.leucocephalus (Defilippi, 1853) L.l.senex (Reichenow, 1887) L.l.albicauda L.l.lynesi Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1938 L.l.leucogaster (Bocage, 1877) L.t.irroratus (Cabanis, 1878) L.m.minor (Cuvier, 1816)65 L.b.bidentatus (Shaw, 1798) T.p.goffinii (Schlegel, 1863) T.p.togoensis Reichenow, 1891 T.e.shelleyi Hartlaub, 1886 T.e.versicolor Hartlaub, 1883 T.e.erythrocephalus T.d.emini Reichenow, 1891 J.t.mauretanica Rothschild, 1909 J.r.aequatorialis Rüppell, 1842 J.r.ruficollis Wagler, 18302 P.a.aurifrons Pelzeln, 1870 P.a.transfasciatus Hellmayr & Gyldenstolpe, 1937 P.a.borbae Pelzeln, 1870 P.a.wallacii Hargitt, 1889 P.a.purusianus Todd, 1946 P.a.flavifrons P.a.juruanus P.l.lafresnayi P.l.punctifrons Taczanowski, 1886 P.l.taczanowskii Domaniewski, 1925 P.l.pusillus Pinto, 1936 P.e.clarus Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 P.e.undulatus Hargitt, 1889 P.e.buffoni Lafresnaye, 1845 P.e.pernambucensis J.T. Zimmer, 1947 P.e.alegriae Hellmayr, 1929 P.e.exilis (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) P.s.parvistriatus Chapman, 1921 P.s.sclateri Taczanowski, 1877 P.s.porcullae Bond, 1954 P.s.squamulatus Lafresnaye, 1854 P.s.roehli Zimmer & Phelps, 1944 P.s.obsoletus J.A. Allen, 1892 P.s.apurensis Phelps & Aveledo, 1987 P.s.lovejoyi Phelps & Aveledo, 1987 P.s.orinocensis Zimmer & Phelps, 1950 P.s.spilogaster Sundevall, 1866 P.s.pallidus E. Snethlage, 1924 P.c.macconnelli Sharpe, 1901 P.c.confusus P.c.cirratus Temminck, 1825 P.c.pilcomayensis Hargitt, 1891 P.c.tucumanus E. Hartert, 1909 P.d.jelskii Taczanowski, 1882 P.d.dorbygnianus Lafresnaye, 1845 P.a.albosquamatus d’Orbigny, 1840 P.a.guttifer Sundevall, 1866 P.r.rufiventris P.r.grandis Carriker, 1930 P.r.brunneifrons Stager, 1968 P.o.dimotus Bangs, 1903 P.o.malleolus Wetmore, 19657 P.o.olivaceus P.o.tachirensis Phelps & Gilliard, 1941 P.o.harterti Hellmayr, 1909 P.g.antioquensis Chapman, 1915 P.g.granadensis Lafresnaye, 1847 P.c.cinnamomeus Wagler, 1829 P.c.perijanus P.c.persaturatus Haffer, 1961 P.c.venezuelensis Cory, 1913 S.a.abnormis S.a.magnirostris E. Hartert, 1901 S.o.ochracea S.o.kinneari Stresemann, 1929 N.m.micromegas (Sundevall, 1866) N.m.abbotti Wetmore, 1928 M.f.bairdi Ridgway, 1881 M.f.albeolus Todd, 1910 M.f.lineatus (Dickey & van Rossem, 1927) M.f.striatipectus Ridgway, 1874 M.f.flavigula (Malherbe, 1849) M.c.chrysauchen Salvin, 1870 M.c.pulcher P.L. Sclater, 1870 M.c.chrysogenys (Vigors, 1839) M.c.flavinuchus (Ridgway, 1911) M.p.tysoni (Bond, 1936) M.p.rubricomus J.L. Peters, 1948 M.p.pygmaeus (Ridgway, 1885) M.r.seductus M.r.paraguanae (Gilliard, 1940)14 M.u.uropygialis (S.F. Baird, 1854) M.u.cardonensis (Grinnell, 1927) M.u.brewsteri (Ridgway, 1911) M.u.fuscescens (van Rossem, 1934 M.a.aurifrons M.a.polygrammus (Cabanis, 1862) M.a.grateloupensis (Lesson, 1839) M.a.dubius (Cabot, 1844) M.a.leei (Ridgway, 1885) M.a.santacruzi (Bonaparte, 1838) M.a.pauper (Ridgway, 1888) M.a.hughlandi Dickerman, 1987 M.a.turneffensis Russell, 196315 M.a.insulanus (Bond, 1936) M.s.nyeanus M.s.blakei (Ridgway, 1886) M.s.superciliaris (Temminck, 1827) M.s.murceus M.s.caymanensis (Cory, 1886) S.t.thyroideus (Cassin, 1851) S.r.daggetti Grinnell, 1901 X.p.percussus (Temminck, 1826) X.p.insulaepinorum Bangs, 1910 C.p.balia (Heuglin, 1871) C.n.pallida (Sharpe, 1902) C.a.chrysura (Swainson, 1837) C.a.kavirondensis van Someren, 1926 C.a.anderssoni (Roberts, 1936) C.a.constricta Clancey, 1965 C.c.nyansae (Neumann, 1900)26 C.c.cailliautii C.c.loveridgei E. Hartert, 192027 C.t.tullbergi (Sjöstedt, 1892)28 C.t.hausburgi C.n.nivosa (Swainson, 1837)29 C.n.poensis Alexander, 1903 C.n.herberti (Alexander, 1908)30 C.c.arizela (Oberholser, 1899) D.f.lafresnayei Malherbe, 1849 D.f.sharpii (Oustalet, 1879) D.g.lugubris Hartlaub, 185733 D.g.reichenowi Sjöstedt, 1893 D.n.schoensis (Rüppell, 1842) D.e.johnstoni D.e.elliotii (Cassin, 1863) D.e.gabela Rand & Traylor, 1959 D.g.koenigi (Neumann, 1903) D.g.abessinicus (Reichenow, 1900) D.g.spodocephalus (Bonaparte, 1850)34 D.g.kilimensis (Neumann, 1926) D.o.heuglini (Neumann, 1904) D.o.crateri (Sclater & Moreau, 1935) H.h.marshalli D.m.validirostris (Blyth, 1849)39 D.m.leytensis (Steere, 1890) D.m.fulvifasciatus (Hargitt, 1881) D.m.siasiensis (Mearns, 1909) D.m.hardwickii (Jerdon, 1844)41 D.m.cinereigula (Malherbe, 1849) D.m.gymnophthalmus (Blyth, 1849) D.c.scintilliceps (Swinhoe, 1853) D.c.swinhoei D.c.semicoronatus (Malherbe, 1849)45 D.c.auritus (Eyton, 1845) D.c.volzi (Stresemann, 1920) D.c.aurantiiventris (Salvadori, 1868) D.m.comminutus E. Hartert, 1907 D.m.buturlini D.m.quadrifasciatus D.m.hyrcanus (Zarudny & Bilkevitch, 1913) D.m.morgani D.m.westermanni (Blyth, 1870) D.m.andamanensis D.m.analis (Bonaparte, 1850) D.a.vietnamensis Stepanyan, 1988 D.m.mahrattensis (Latham, 1802) D.c.cathpharius (Blyth, 1843) P.m.cancellatus (Wagler, 1829) P.m.mixtus (Boddaert, 1783) P.m.berlepschi (Hellmayr, 1915) P.s.cactophilus (Oberholser, 1911) P.s.eremicus P.s.lucasanus (S.F. Baird, 1859) P.s.soulei Banks, 196367 P.s.graysoni (S.F. Baird, 1874) P.s.sinaloensis (Ridgway, 1887) P.s.scalaris (Wagler, 1829)68 P.s.parvus (Cabot, 1845) P.s.leucoptilurus (Oberholser, 1911) P.p.glacialis (Grinnell, 1910) P.p.medianus (Swainson, 1832) P.p.gairdnerii (Audubon, 1839) P.p.leucurus P.p.pubescens (Linnaeus, 1766) P.v.septentrionalis (Nuttall, 1840) P.v.picoideus P.v.sitkensis P.v.harrisi (Audubon, 1838) P.v.terraenovae (Batchelder, 1908) P.v.villosus (Linnaeus, 1766) P.v.orius (Oberholser, 1911) P.v.audubonii (Swainson, 1832) P.v.hyloscopus (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) P.v.icastus (Oberholser, 1911) P.v.jardinii (Malherbe, 1845) P.v.sanctorum (Nelson, 1897) P.v.piger (G.M. Allen, 1905) P.a.arizonae (Hargitt, 1886) P.a.fraterculus (Ridgway, 1887)72 P.a.albolarvatus (Cassin, 1850) P.a.gravirostris (Grinnell, 1902) V.c.callonotus (Waterhouse, 1841) V.c.major (Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884) V.d.dignus (Sclater & Salvin, 1877)77 V.d.baezae Chapman, 1923 V.d.valdizani V.n.equifasciatus Chapman, 1912 V.n.pectoralis (Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1902) V.n.nigriceps V.f.oleagineus (Reichenbach, 1854) V.f.sanguinolentus (P.L. Sclater, 1859) V.f.fumigatus V.f.obscuratus Chapman, 1927 V.p.fidelis (Hargitt, 1889) V.p.modestus J.T. Zimmer, 1942 V.p.diversus J.T. Zimmer, 1942 V.p.agilis (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) V.p.insignis J.T. Zimmer, 1942 V.p.tapajozensis Gyldenstolpe, 1941 V.p.passerinus (Linnaeus, 1766) V.p.taenionotus (Reichenbach, 1854) V.k.neglectus Bangs, 1901 V.k.cecilii (Malherbe, 1849) V.k.continentalis Hellmayr, 1906 V.k.monticola Hellmayr, 1918 V.k.kirkii (Malherbe, 1845) V.a.ruficeps (Spix, 1824) V.a.affinis (Swainson, 1821) P.f.flavigula (Boddaert, 1783) P.f.magnus (Cherrie & Reichenberger, 1921) P.f.erythropis P.c.aurosus (Nelson, 1912) P.c.xanthochlorus (Sclater & Salvin, 1875) P.c.capistratus (Malherbe, 1862) P.c.guianensis Todd, 1937 P.c.laemostictus Todd, 1937 P.c.hypochryseus Todd, 1937 P.c.paraensis (E. Snethlage, 1907) P.c.polyzonus (Valenciennes, 1826) P.c.chrysochlorus (Vieillot, 1818) P.r.aeruginosus (Malherbe, 1862) P.r.yucatanensis (Cabot, 1844) P.r.alleni (Bangs, 1902) P.r.buenavistae (Chapman, 1915) P.r.meridensis (Ridgway, 1911) P.r.rubiginosus (Swainson, 1820) P.r.deltanus Aveledo & Ginés, 1953 P.r.guianae (Hellmayr, 1918) P.r.viridissimus Chapman, 1939 P.r.nigriceps Blake, 194184 P.r.trinitatis (Ridgway, 1911) P.r.tobagensis (Ridgway, 1911) P.r.gularis (Hargitt, 1889) P.r.rubripileus (Salvadori & Festa, 1900) P.r.coloratus P.r.chrysogaster (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902) P.r.canipileus (d’Orbigny, 1840) P.r.tucumanus (Cabanis, 1883) P.r.quindiuna P.r.rivolii (Boissonneau, 1840)85 P.r.meridae (Chapman, 1923) P.r.brevirostris (Taczanowski, 1875) P.r.atriceps (Sclater & Salvin, 1876) C.a.atricollis (Malherbe, 1850) C.a.peruvianus (Reichenbach, 1854) C.p.ujhelyii (Madarász, 1912) C.p.striatigularis (Chapman, 1914) C.p.punctipectus (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) C.p.zuliae (Cory, 1915) C.p.punctigula (Boddaert, 1783) C.p.guttatus (Spix, 1824) C.m.nattereri C.m.melanochloros C.m.melanolaimus (Malherbe, 1857) C.m.nigroviridis (C.H.B. Grant, 1911) C.m.leucofrenatus Leybold, 1873 C.a.cafer (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) C.a.collaris Vigors, 1829 †C.a.rufipileus Ridgway, 1876 C.a.nanus Griscom, 1934 C.a.mexicanus Swainson, 1827 C.a.mexicanoides Lafresnaye, 1844 C.a.luteus Bangs, 1898 C.a.auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) C.a.chrysocaulosus C.a.gundlachi Cory, 1886 C.c.mearnsi Ridgway, 1911 C.c.tenebrosus van Rossem, 1930 C.c.brunnescens Anthony, 1895 C.c.chrysoides (Malherbe, 1852) C.r.cinereicapillus Reichenbach, 185488 C.r.puna Cabanis, 1883 C.r.rupicola d’Orbigny, 1840 C.c.campestris (Vieillot, 1818) C.c.campestroides (Malherbe, 1849) C.b.fokiensis C.b.holroydi (Swinhoe, 1870) C.b.williamsoni (Kloss, 1918)92 C.b.brachyurus (Vieillot, 1818) C.b.badiosus C.l.diversus Ridgway, 1914 C.l.mentalis Cassin, 1860 C.l.innotatus Todd, 1917 C.l.loricatus (Reichenbach, 1854) C.u.undatus (Linnaeus, 1766) C.u.multifasciatus (Natterer & Malherbe, 1845) C.g.verreauxii (Malherbe, 1858) C.g.subcervinus Todd, 1937 C.g.latifasciatus Seilern, 193693 C.e.leotaudi Hellmayr, 1906 C.e.elegans (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776) C.e.citreopygius Sclater & Salvin, 1867 C.e.jumanus (Spix, 1824)94 ¶C.l.“castaneus” Olrog, 196395 C.l.lugubris (Malherbe, 1851) C.l.kerri Hargitt, 1891 C.f.intercedens Hellmayr, 1908 C.f.ochraceus (Spix, 1824) C.f.flavescens (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) C.f.flavus (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776) C.f.peruvianus (Cory, 1919) C.f.tectricialis C.f.subflavus C.s.spectabilis Sclater & Salvin, 1880 C.s.obrieni Short, 1973 C.s.exsul Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1941 C.t.torquatus C.t.occidentalis (Hargitt, 1889) C.t.tinnunculus (Wagler, 1829) D.l.scapularis (Vigors, 1829) D.l.similis (Lesson, 1847) D.l.lineatus (Linnaeus, 1766) D.l.fuscipennis P.L. Sclater, 1860 D.l.erythrops D.p.abieticola (Bangs, 1898) D.p.pileatus (Linnaeus, 1758) D.j.richardsi Tristram, 1879 D.j.forresti Rothschild, 1922 D.j.parvus (Richmond, 1902) D.j.hargitti (Sharpe, 1884) D.j.esthloterus Parkes, 1971 D.j.confusus (Stresemann, 1913) D.j.pectoralis D.j.multilunatus (McGregor, 1907) D.j.suluensis †?D.j.cebuensis Kennedy, 1987 D.j.mindorensis (Steere, 1890) C.p.pollens (Bonaparte, 1845) C.p.peruvianus (Cory, 1915) C.h.splendens (Hargitt, 1889) C.h.haematogaster (Tschudi, 1844) C.r.rubricollis C.r.trachelopyrus (Malherbe, 1857) C.r.olallae (Gyldenstolpe, 1945) C.m.malherbii G.R. Gray, 1845 C.m.melanoleucos (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) C.m.cearae (Cory, 1915) C.g.regius Reichenbach, 1854 C.g.nelsoni (Ridgway, 1911) C.g.guatemalensis (Hartlaub, 1844) P.m.perlutus P.m.niasensis (Büttikofer, 1897) P.m.miniaceus Pennant, 1769 P.p.soligae Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1940 P.p.puniceus P.m.mentalis P.v.weberi (A. Müller, 1882)106 P.v.viridis Linnaeus, 1758 P.v.sharpei (Saunders, 1872) P.v.innominatus (Zarudny & Loudon, 1905) P.e.nigrigenis (Hume, 1874) P.e.erythropygius (Elliot, 1865) P.c.kogo (Bianchi, 1906) P.c.sobrinus J.L. Peters, 1948 P.c.tancolo (Gould, 1862) P.c.sanguiniceps E.C.S. Baker, 1926 P.c.robinsoni P.c.dedemi (van Oort, 1911) D.r.dulitense D.j.malabaricum Whistler & Kinnear, 1934 D.j.javanense (Ljungh, 1797) D.j.exsul (E. Hartert, 1901) D.j.borneonense (A.J.C. Dubois, 1897)116 D.j.everetti (Tweeddale, 1878) D.b.psarodes (A.A.H. Lichtenstein, 1793) C.f.festivus (Boddaert, 1783) C.f.tantus Ripley, 1946 G.g.indochinensis Delacour, 1927 G.g.viridanus B.p.hainanus B.p.cameroni R.v.validus (Temminck, 1825) M.t.tristis (Horsfield, 1821) M.t.pulonis Chasen & Kloss, 1929 M.t.percnerpes Oberholser, 1924 M.t.infuscatus Salvadori, 1887 M.t.batu Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1940 H.c.concretus (Temminck, 1821) M.f.fulvus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830) M.f.fuliginosus Tweeddale, 1877 B.l.fulviventris P.L. Sclater, 1891 B.l.caquetae Chapman, 1917 B.l.obscuriceps Zimmer & Phelps, 1947 B.l.naumbergi Chapman, 1931 B.l.phaeonota Todd, 19433 B.l.melanosterna P.L. Sclater, 1855 G.a.albirostris Latham, 1790 G.r.melanogenia P.L. Sclater, 1852 G.r.pallens Bangs, 1898 G.r.brevirostris Cory, 1913 G.r.heterogyna Todd, 1932 G.t.tombacea Spix, 1824 G.t.mentalis Todd, 1943 G.l.leucogastra Vieillot, 1817 G.l.viridissima Griscom & Greenway, 1937 G.d.dea (Linnaeus, 1758) G.d.amazonum (P.L. Sclater, 1855) G.d.brunneiceps (Todd, 1943) G.d.phainopepla (Todd, 1943) J.a.penardi Bangs & Barbour, 1922 J.a.aureus (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776) J.a.ridgwayi Todd, 1943 J.a.isidori Deville, 1849 N.m.cryptoleucus van Rossem, 1934 N.m.hyperrynchus (P.L. Sclater, 1856) N.m.macrorhynchos N.m.paraensis Sassi, 1932 N.m.swainsoni (G.R. Gray, 1846) N.t.subtectus (P.L. Sclater, 1860) N.t.picatus (P.L. Sclater, 1856) N.t.tectus (Boddaert, 1783) B.t.inexpectatus (Todd, 1943) B.t.punctuliger (Todd, 1943) B.t.hypneleus (Cabanis & Heine, 1863) B.t.interior (Cherrie & Reichenberger, 1921) B.c.capensis N.c.uncirostris (Stolzmann, 1926) N.c.chacuru (Vieillot, 1816) N.s.striolatus N.s.torridus Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940 N.m.maculatus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) N.m.parvirostris (Hellmayr, 1908) N.m.pallidigula Cherrie & Reichenberger, 1923 N.m.striatipectus (P.L. Sclater, 1854) H.r.ruficollis (Wagler, 1829) H.r.decolor Todd & Carriker, 1922 H.r.coloratus H.r.bicinctus H.r.stoicus Wetmore, 1939 M.s.minor Sassi, 1911 M.s.striata (Spix, 1824) M.f.fusca (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) M.f.substriata P.L. Sclater, 1854 M.f.huilae Meyer de Schauensee, 1946 M.f.fulvogularis P.L. Sclater, 1854 M.r.brunnescens J.T. Zimmer, 1931 M.p.inornata M.p.fuliginosa Richmond, 1893 M.p.panamensis Lafresnaye, 1847 M.p.poliopis P.L. Sclater, 1862 M.p.magdalenae Todd, 1943 M.l.austinsmithi Dwight & Griscom, 1924 N.r.cineracea N.r.simplex Todd, 1937 N.r.rubecula (Spix, 1824) N.f.frontalis (P.L. Sclater, 1854) N.f.pallescens Todd, 1919 N.r.rufipectus N.r.ruficapilla N.r.nattereri Hellmayr, 1921 M.n.nigrifrons (Spix, 1824) M.n.canescens Todd, 1937 M.m.grandior M.m.fidelis Nelson, 1912 M.m.pallescens Cassin, 1860 M.m.sclateri Ridgway, 1912 M.m.peruana M.m.morphoeus (Hahn & Küster, 1823) M.m.boliviana Carriker, 1935 C.t.brasiliensis P.L. Sclater, 1862 M.c.bellus Hartert & Hellmayr, 1903 M.c.pax Meyer de Schauensee, 1952 M.c.coronulatus P.L. Sclater, 1860 M.c.peruvianus Carriker, 1934 C.l.heteroleuca Hellmayr, 1910 M.r.antioquiae Chapman, 1924 M.r.obscurostriatus Phelps & Gilliard, 1941 M.r.zulianus Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1952 M.r.aureopectus Phelps & Gilliard, 1941 M.r.regulus (Hahn, 1819) M.p.pallidiceps J.T. Zimmer, 1936 L.c.velutina (Berlepsch, 1883) L.c.minuscula (Todd, 1919) L.c.caquetae (Meyer de Schauensee, 1953) L.c.coronata (Spix, 1825) L.c.caelestipileata (Goeldi, 1905) L.c.exquisita (Hellmayr, 1905) L.c.regalis (Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940) L.i.leucopygia (Hellmayr, 1903) L.i.eucephala (Todd, 1928) L.i.iris (Schinz, 1851) M.m.candei (Parzudaki, 1841) M.m.vitellinus (Gould, 1843) M.m.milleri Chapman, 1915 M.m.viridiventris Griscom, 1929 M.m.cerritus J.L. Peters, 1927 M.m.aurantiacus (Salvin, 1870) M.m.trinitatis M.m.abditivus Bangs, 1899 M.m.flaveolus Cassin, 1851 M.m.bangsi Chapman, 1914 M.m.umbrosus Friedmann, 1944 M.m.manacus (Linnaeus, 1766) M.m.leucochlamys Chapman, 1914 M.m.maximus Chapman, 1924 M.m.expectatus Gyldenstolpe, 1941 M.m.longibarbatus J.T. Zimmer, 1936 M.m.purissimus Todd, 1928 M.m.purus Bangs, 1899 M.m.subpurus Cherrie & Reichenberger, 1923 C.l.linearis (Bonaparte, 1838) C.p.atlantica Dalmas, 1900 C.p.pareola (Linnaeus, 1766) C.p.regina P.L. Sclater, 1856 X.h.litae (Hellmayr, 1906) X.h.viridior (Chapman, 1924) X.u.duidae (Chapman, 1929) X.u.uniformis (Salvin & Godman, 1884) P.p.anthracina Ridgway, 1906 P.p.bolivari Meyer de Schauensee, 1950 P.p.minima Chapman, 191711 P.p.unica Meyer de Schauensee, 1945 P.p.discolor J.T. Zimmer, 1936 P.p.pygmaea J.T. Zimmer, 1936 P.p.occulta J.T. Zimmer, 1936 P.p.comata Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894 P.p.separabilis J.T. Zimmer, 1936 P.p.cephaleucos Thunberg, 1822 P.a.borbae J.T. Zimmer, 1936 P.a.aurantiicollis Todd, 1925 P.a.flavicollis P.L. Sclater, 1851 P.f.subpallida (Todd, 1928) P.f.calamae Hellmayr, 1910 P.f.saturata J.T. Zimmer, 1936 P.f.purusiana E. Snethlage, 1907 P.f.fasciicauda Hellmayr, 1906 P.f.scarlatina Hellmayr, 1915 P.m.mentalis P.L. Sclater, 1857 P.m.ignifera Bangs, 1901 P.m.minor E. Hartert, 1898 P.e.flammiceps Todd, 1919 P.e.berlepschi Ridgway, 1906 T.i.fraserii (Kaup, 1852) T.i.albitorques Du Bus, 18472 T.i.buckleyi Salvin & Godman, 1890 T.i.pelzelni Salvin & Godman, 1890 T.c.cayana (Linnaeus, 1766) T.s.hannumi van Rossem & Hachisuka, 1937 T.s.griseiceps Ridgway, 1888 T.s.personata Jardine & Selby, 1827 T.s.costaricensis Ridgway, 1906 T.s.nigriceps T.s.semifasciata (Spix, 1825) S.m.duidae J.T. Zimmer, 1936 S.t.dumicola (Bangs, 1903) S.t.panamensis Hellmayr, 1929 S.t.rosenbergi (E. Hartert, 1898) S.t.olivacea (Ridgway, 1906) S.t.aenea J.T. Zimmer, 1936 S.t.steinbachi Todd, 1928 S.t.intermedia Pinto, 1954 S.t.turdina (Wied, 1831) L.r.tertia (E. Hartert, 1902) L.r.griseigula Meyer de Schauensee, 1950 †?I.p.leucopygia Salvin, 1885 I.p.pipra (Lesson, 1831) I.i.paraensis Todd, 1950 L.e.buckleyi (Sclater & Salvin, 1880) L.e.cadwaladeri Carriker, 1935 L.e.elegans (Thunberg, 1823) X.a.minor Hellmayr, 1920 P.v.griseigularis Salvin & Godman, 1883 P.v.peruanus Hartert & Goodson, 1917 P.v.costaricensis Bangs, 1908 P.v.meridionalis Carriker, 1934 P.r.rufus (Boddaert, 1783) P.r.juruanus Gyldenstolpe, 1951 P.c.intermedius Berlepsch, 1879 P.c.parui Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 P.c.amazonus J.T. Zimmer, 1936 P.c.fulvidior Griscom, 1932 P.c.badius Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1955 P.p.similis Cherrie, 1891 P.p.cinereiventris P.L. Sclater, 1862 P.p.dorsalis P.L. Sclater, 1862 P.p.tenebrosus J.T. Zimmer, 1936 P.p.tristis (Kaup, 1852) P.p.nigriventris P.L. Sclater, 1857 P.p.polychopterus (Vieillot, 1818) P.m.marginatus (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) P.a.ornatus Cherrie, 1891 P.a.albogriseus P.L. Sclater, 1857 P.a.guayaquilensis J.T. Zimmer, 1936 P.a.salvini Richmond, 1899 P.m.major (Cabanis, 1847) P.m.matudai A.R. Phillips, 1966 P.m.itzensis Nelson, 1901 P.m.australis Miller & Griscom, 1925 P.a.albiventris (Lawrence, 1867) P.a.gravis (van Rossem, 1938) P.a.yucatanensis (Ridgway, 1906) P.a.insularis (Ridgway, 1887) P.s.aglaiae (Lafresnaye, 1839) P.a.sumichrasti (Nelson, 1897) P.a.hypophaeus (Ridgway, 1891) P.a.latirostris Bonaparte, 1854 P.h.homochrous P.L. Sclater, 1859 P.h.quimarinus (Meyer de Schauensee, 1950) P.h.canescens (Chapman, 1912) P.f.boliviana Chapman, 1930 P.r.occidentalis (Chapman, 1914) P.r.riefferii (Boissonneau, 1840) P.r.melanolaema P.L. Sclater, 1856 P.r.confusa J.T. Zimmer, 1936 P.r.chachapoyas (Hellmayr, 1915) P.i.intermedia Taczanowski, 1884 P.i.signata (Hellmayr, 1917) P.a.decora Bangs, 1899 P.a.festiva (Todd, 1912) P.a.aureopectus (Lafresnaye, 1843) P.f.squamipectus (Chapman, 1925) P.f.frontalis (P.L. Sclater, 1858) P.f.formosa (Hartlaub, 1849) P.f.rubidior (Chapman, 1925) P.f.pariae Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 P.w.kathleenae Zimmer & Phelps, 1944 P.w.whitelyi Salvin & Godman, 1884 O.c.frater (Sclater & Salvin, 1868) O.c.brooksi Bangs & Barbour, 1922 O.c.tocantinsi Chapman, 1939 O.c.cristatus Swainson, 1821 R.p.sanguinolentus Gould, 1859 R.p.peruvianus (Latham, 1790) R.p.saturatus Cabanis & Heine, 1859 P.a.averano (Hermann, 1783) L.u.unirufus P.L. Sclater, 1859 L.u.castaneotinctus (E. Hartert, 1902) P.s.occidentalis Chapman, 1914 P.s.granadensis (Lafresnaye, 1846) P.s.orenocensis (Lafresnaye, 1846) P.s.masoni Ridgway, 1886 P.c.antioquiae Chapman, 1924 P.c.perijana Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 P.c.chlorion (Cabanis, 1847) P.c.grisescens Novaes, 1964 P.c.boliviana Chapman, 1924 P.f.cearae Hellmayr, 1927 P.f.fasciatus (Thunberg, 1822) P.f.brevirostris (Spix, 1825) P.b.viridiceps (Zimmer & Phelps, 1944) P.b.wetmorei (Aveledo & Pons, 1953) P.b.bunites (Wetmore & Phelps, 1956) P.b.leucogonys (Sclater & Salvin, 1871) P.s.subtropicalis (Chapman, 1919) P.s.sclateri Berlepsch, 1901 P.g.caucae Chapman, 1915 P.g.griseiceps (Sclater & Salvin, 1871) P.g.pallidiceps J.T. Zimmer, 1941 P.n.aureus (J.T. Zimmer, 1941) P.n.flavimentum (Chapman, 1912) P.n.nigrocapillus (Lafresnaye, 1845) M.g.macilvainii (Lawrence, 1871) M.g.trinitatis (Hartert & Goodson, 1917) M.g.bogotensis (Berlepsch, 1907) M.g.guianensis (Berlepsch, 1907) M.g.subcinerea J.T. Zimmer, 19414 M.c.parambae (Hellmayr, 1904) M.c.absita (Wetmore, 1963) M.v.jaliscensis Nelson, 1900 M.v.minima Nelson, 1898 M.v.placens (P.L. Sclater, 1859) M.v.pacifica (Brodkorb, 1943) M.v.pallens Bangs, 1902 M.v.restricta Todd, 1952 M.v.zuliae Zimmer & Phelps, 1955 M.v.implacens (P.L. Sclater, 1861) E.f.flavogaster (Thunberg, 1822) E.f.semipagana P.L. Sclater, 1861 E.f.pallididorsalis Aldrich, 1937 E.m.martinica (Linnaeus, 1766) E.m.chinchorrensis Griscom, 1926 E.m.barbadensis Cory, 1888 E.m.riisii P.L. Sclater, 1860 E.m.caymanensis Berlepsch, 1907 E.m.remota Berlepsch, 1907 E.a.griseigularis P.L. Sclater, 1858 E.a.diversa J.T. Zimmer, 1941 E.a.urubambae J.T. Zimmer, 1941 E.a.albiceps (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) E.a.modesta Tschudi, 1844 E.a.chilensis Hellmayr, 1927 E.c.alticola Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 E.c.chiriquensis Lawrence, 1865 E.c.brachyptera Berlepsch, 1907 E.c.albivertex Pelzeln, 1868 E.f.ultima Griscom, 1935 E.f.frantzii Lawrence, 1865 E.f.browni Bangs, 1898 E.f.pudica P.L. Sclater, 1871 E.d.dayi Chapman, 1929 E.d.auyantepui Zimmer & Phelps, 1952 E.d.tyleri Chapman, 1929 E.p.pallatangae P.L. Sclater, 1861 E.p.olivina Salvin & Godman, 1884 E.p.intensa J.T. Zimmer, 1941 E.p.exsul Todd, 1952 E.f.fallax P.L. Sclater, 1861 E.f.cherriei Cory, 1895 O.b.dilutum (Todd, 1913) C.i.imberbe P.L. Sclater, 1857 C.i.ridgwayi (Brewster, 1882) C.i.thyellophilum Parkes & Phillips, 1999 C.o.flaviventre Sclater & Salvin, 1864 C.o.orphnum Wetmore, 1957 C.o.majus Griscom, 19327 C.o.caucae Chapman, 1914 C.o.bogotense J.T. Zimmer, 1941 C.o.pusillum (Cabanis & Heine, 1859) C.o.napaeum (Ridgway, 1888) C.o.venezuelae J.T. Zimmer, 1941 C.o.maranonicum Carriker, 1933 C.o.sclateri (Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1883) C.o.griseum Carriker, 1933 C.o.bolivianum J.T. Zimmer, 1941 C.o.cinerascens (Wied, 1831) C.o.obsoletum (Temminck, 1824) S.s.affinis (Burmeister, 1856) S.s.bahiae (Berlepsch, 1893)8 M.l.montensis (Bangs, 1899) M.l.nigriceps Chapman, 1899 M.l.notatus Todd, 1919 M.l.setophagoides (Bonaparte, 1845) M.l.palliditergum Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1947 M.l.gularis (Madarász, 1903) M.l.parui Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1950 M.l.rufomarginatus (Lawrence, 1869) M.l.roraimae Hellmayr, 1921 M.l.brunneomarginatus Chapman, 1924 M.l.pallidior Carriker, 1933 M.s.albocaudatus Phelps & Gilliard, 1941 M.s.stictopterus (P.L. Sclater, 1858) M.s.taeniopterus Cabanis, 1874 A.r.albiventris (Chapman, 1924) A.r.reguloides (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) A.a.alpinus (Carriker, 1933) A.a.bolivianus (Carriker, 1935) A.f.huancabambae (Chapman, 1924) A.f.arequipae (Chapman, 1926) A.f.cuzcoensis (Chapman, 1924) A.p.patagonicus (Hellmayr, 1920) A.p.parulus (Kittlitz, 1830) A.a.agraphia Chapman, 1919 A.a.squamigera (O’Neill & Parker, 1976) S.c.grisea Lawrence, 1871 S.h.venezuelana J.T. Zimmer, 1940 S.h.pallida E. Snethlage, 1907 S.s.straminea (Temminck, 1822) S.s.subcristata (Vieillot, 1817) P.m.eremonoma Wetmore, 1953 P.m.tumbezana (Taczanowski, 1877) P.m.inflava Chapman, 1924 P.m.maranonica J.T. Zimmer, 1941 P.m.wagae (Taczanowski, 1884) P.m.ignobilis P.m.murina (Spix, 1825) C.f.semiflava (Lawrence, 1865) C.f.cerulua Wetmore, 1939 C.f.amazona J.T. Zimmer, 1955 C.f.leucophrys Berlepsch, 1907 C.f.magnirostris E. Hartert, 1898 P.p.bogotensis (Chapman, 1915) P.p.brevipennis (Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902) P.p.berlepschi Nelson, 1913 P.p.annectens (Salvadori & Festa, 1899) P.p.pelzelni Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885 P.p.peruvianus Bond, 1947 C.t.sarayacuensis Chubb, 1918 C.t.torquatus Tschudi, 1844 C.t.subtorquatus Todd, 1927 E.m.paulus (Bangs, 1899) E.m.fulviceps P.L. Sclater, 1871 E.r.rufomarginatus (Pelzeln, 1868) E.r.savannophilus Mees, 1968 P.l.cinereifrons (Salvadori & Festa, 1899) P.l.leucospodia (Taczanowski, 1877) S.n.napensis Chapman, 1926 S.n.bahiae Chapman, 1926 S.b.budytoides (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) S.b.inzonata Wetmore & Peters, 1923 S.b.flavocinerea (Burmeister, 1861) S.b.gracilis J.T. Zimmer, 1955 Z.v.vilissimus (Sclater & Salvin, 1859) Z.v.parvus (Lawrence, 1862) Z.v.tamae (Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1954) Z.v.improbus (Sclater & Salvin, 1871) Z.v.petersi (Berlepsch, 1907) Z.b.bolivianus (d’Orbigny, 1840) Z.g.acer (Salvin & Godman, 1883) Z.g.gilvus (J.T. Zimmer, 1941) Z.c.minimus (Chapman, 1912) Z.c.cumanensis (J.T. Zimmer, 1941) Z.c.albigularis (Chapman, 1924) Z.c.flavidifrons (P.L. Sclater, 1860) P.p.pifanoi (Aveledo & Pons, 1952) P.p.poecilotis (P.L. Sclater, 1862) P.c.chapmani Gilliard, 1940 P.c.duidae Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1951 P.o.purus (Todd, 1952) P.o.ottonis (Berlepsch, 1901) P.v.tucumanus J.T. Zimmer, 1940 P.s.superciliaris (Sclater & Salvin, 1868) P.s.palloris (Griscom, 1935) P.s.griseocapillus Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1952 M.s.columbianus Chapman, 1919 M.s.selvae Meyer de Schauensee, 1952 M.s.viridiceps Chapman, 1924 M.s.palamblae Chapman, 1927 M.s.poliocephalus Tschudi, 1844 M.s.striaticollis (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) M.o.olivaceus Lawrence, 1868 M.o.galbinus M.o.pallidus Chapman, 1914 M.o.venezuelanus Ridgway, 1906 M.o.fasciaticollis Chapman, 1923 M.o.meridae J.T. Zimmer, 1941 M.o.assimilis P.L. Sclater, 1859 M.o.obscurus (Dickey & van Rossem, 1925) M.o.dyscolus Bangs, 1901 M.o.lutescens (Griscom, 1927) M.o.chloronotus (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) M.o.abdominalis (Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1955) M.o.pallidiventris Hellmayr, 1906 M.o.intensus M.o.dorsalis (Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1952) M.o.pacificus (Todd, 1921) M.o.hauxwelli (Chubb, 1919) M.o.wallacei (Chubb, 1919) M.o.maynanus (Stolzmann, 1926)23 M.o.oleagineus (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) M.m.roraimae (Chubb, 1919) M.m.peruanus (Carriker, 1930) M.m.amazonus (Todd, 1921) L.a.pileatus Cabanis, 1865 L.a.faustus Bangs, 1907 L.a.idius Wetmore, 1957 L.a.diversus Todd, 1913 L.a.orinocensis Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 L.a.obscuritergum Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 L.a.peruvianus Sclater & Salvin, 1867 L.s.superciliaris Tschudi, 1844 L.s.poliocephalus Cabanis & Heine, 1859 L.s.hellmayri Griscom, 1929 L.s.venezuelensis Hartert & Goodson, 1917 L.s.pariae Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 L.s.albidiventer Hellmayr, 1918 L.r.venezuelanus Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1957 L.r.rufipectus (Lafresnaye, 1846) S.a.arenarum (Salvin, 1863) S.a.atrirostris (Lawrence, 1871) S.a.glaber Sclater & Salvin, 1868 S.a.tortugensis Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1946 S.a.pallens J.T. Zimmer, 1941 S.a.orinocensis J.T. Zimmer, 1941 S.m.modestus (Wied, 1831) S.m.brevirostris (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) I.s.obscura J.T. Zimmer, 1939 I.s.subflava (Sclater & Salvin, 1873) I.c.intermedia Cory, 1913 M.f.flavicans (P.L. Sclater, 1860) M.f.perijanus Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1957 M.f.venezuelanus (Hellmayr, 1920) M.f.caripensis Zimmer & Phelps, 1954 M.f.superciliosus (Taczanowski, 1874) M.p.litae (E. Hartert, 1900) M.p.phoenicomitra (Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885) M.r.rufipennis Carriker, 1932 M.p.pulcher (P.L. Sclater, 1860) M.p.bellus (P.L. Sclater, 1862) M.p.oblitus Bond, 1943 M.f.furfurosus (Thayer & Bangs, 1905) M.f.crypterythrus (P.L. Sclater, 1860) M.f.saturatus (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1906) M.f.rufescens (Salvadori, 1864) M.o.ornatus (Lafresnaye, 1853) M.o.stellatus (Cabanis, 1873) M.o.phoenicurus (P.L. Sclater, 1855) M.o.aureiventris (P.L. Sclater, 1874) T.r.libertatis Hellmayr, 1920 T.r.alticola (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896) T.r.loaensis Philippi & Johnson, 1946 H.o.obsoletus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1906) H.o.zimmeri Traylor, 1979 H.f.flammulatus Berlepsch, 1901 H.f.olivascens (Todd, 1915) H.m.minor (E. Snethlage, 1907) H.m.snethlageae (E.H. Snethlage, 1937)28 H.m.pallens (Todd, 1925) H.z.flaviviridis (J.T. Zimmer, 1940) H.g.griseipectus (E. Snethlage, 1907) H.g.naumburgae (J.T. Zimmer, 1945) H.s.griseiceps (Todd, 1925) H.n.nidipendulus (Wied, 1831) H.n.paulistus (Hellmayr, 1914) H.m.impiger (Sclater & Salvin, 1868) H.m.septentrionalis (Chapman, 1914) H.m.duidae (Chapman, 1929) H.m.auyantepui (Gilliard, 1941) H.m.breweri (W.H. Phelps, Jr., 1977) H.m.rufipes (Tschudi, 1844) H.m.wuchereri (Sclater & Salvin, 1873) H.g.lehmanni (Meyer de Schauensee, 1945) H.g.intensus (Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1952) H.g.federalis (Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1950) H.g.andinus (Todd, 1952) H.g.granadensis (Hartlaub, 1843) H.g.pyrrhops (Cabanis, 1874) H.g.caesius (Carriker, 1932) L.p.luteiventris Taczanowski, 1884 L.p.sanctaeluciae Todd, 1952 L.p.pileatus (Tschudi, 1844) L.p.hypochlorus Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1906 L.v.vitiosus (Bangs & Penard, 1921) L.v.congener Todd, 1925 A.p.wilcoxi Griscom, 1924 A.p.pilaris (Cabanis, 1847) A.p.venezuelensis Ridgway, 1906 A.p.griseiceps (Hellmayr, 1911) P.r.rufigenis (Sclater & Salvin, 1877) P.r.peruvianus Chapman, 1924 P.p.obscurus (J.T. Zimmer, 1940) P.p.viridiceps (Salvadori, 1897) P.p.plumbeiceps (Lafresnaye, 1846) P.p.cinereipectus (Novaes, 1953)38 P.f.fumifrons (Hartlaub, 1853) P.f.penardi (Hellmayr, 1905) P.l.mituensis (Olivares, 1965) P.l.caniceps (Chapman, 1924) P.l.latirostris (Pelzeln, 1868) P.l.mixtus (J.T. Zimmer, 1940) P.l.ochropterus (J.A. Allen, 1889) P.l.austroriparius (Todd, 1952) P.l.senectus (Griscom & Greenway, 1937) P.s.schistaceiceps (P.L. Sclater, 1859) P.s.superciliaris (Lawrence, 1871) P.s.griseolus (Todd, 1913) P.s.sylvia (Desmarest, 1806) P.s.schulzi (Berlepsch, 1907) T.a.andrei Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902 T.a.klagesi Todd, 1925 T.m.maculatum (Desmarest, 1806) T.m.signatum Sclater & Salvin, 1881 T.m.diversum J.T. Zimmer, 1940 T.m.annectens J.T. Zimmer, 1940 T.c.virididorsale Parkes, 1976 T.c.finitimum Bangs, 1904 T.c.wetmorei Parkes, 1976 T.c.peruanum J.T. Zimmer, 1930 T.c.coloreum Ridgway, 1906 T.c.cearae Cory, 1916 T.c.neglectum Carriker, 1932 T.c.chrysocrotaphum Strickland, 1850 T.c.simile J.T. Zimmer, 194041 T.c.illigeri (Cabanis & Heine, 1859) C.s.subbrunneus (P.L. Sclater, 1860) C.s.panamensis J.T. Zimmer, 1939 R.b.brevirostris (Cabanis, 1847) R.b.pallidus Binford, 1965 R.b.hellmayri Griscom, 1932 R.o.bardus (Bangs & Barbour, 1922) R.o.mirus Meyer de Schauensee, 1950 R.o.tamborensis Todd, 1952 R.o.jelambianus Aveledo & Perez, 1994 R.o.flavus (Chapman, 1914) R.o.guianensis McConnell, 1911 R.o.sordidus Todd, 1952 R.o.olivaceus (Temminck, 1820) T.s.cinereiceps (P.L. Sclater, 1859) T.s.flavoolivaceus (Lawrence, 1863) T.s.berlepschi (Hartert & Goodson, 1917) T.s.exortivus (Bangs, 1908) T.s.asemus (Bangs, 1910) T.s.duidae J.T. Zimmer, 1939 T.s.aequatorialis (Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1883) T.s.cherriei (Hartert & Goodson, 1917) T.s.peruvianus (Taczanowski, 1874) T.s.insignis J.T. Zimmer, 1939 T.s.mixtus J.T. Zimmer, 1939 T.s.inornatus J.T. Zimmer, 1939 T.s.pallescens (Hartert & Goodson, 1917) T.s.grisecens (Chubb, 1910) T.s.sulphurescens (Spix, 1825) T.a.flavotectus (E. Hartert, 1902) T.a.obscuriceps J.T. Zimmer, 1939 T.a.assimilis (Pelzeln, 1868) T.a.clarus J.T. Zimmer, 1939 T.a.paraensis J.T. Zimmer, 1939 T.a.calamae J.T. Zimmer, 1939 T.p.poliocephalus (Taczanowski, 1884) T.p.klagesi (Ridgway, 1906) T.p.sclateri (Hellmayr, 1903) T.f.aurulentus (Todd, 1913) T.f.dissors J.T. Zimmer, 1939 T.f.zimmeri Bond, 1947 T.f.subsimilis Carriker, 1935 T.f.flaviventris (Wied, 1831) P.s.saturatus Salvin & Godman, 1882 P.s.pallidiventris Novaes, 1968 P.c.cancrominus Sclater & Salvin, 1860 P.c.timothei Paynter, 1954 P.c.dilutus (Miller & Griscom, 1925) P.m.neglectus (Todd, 1919) P.m.perijanus Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1954 P.m.insularis J.A. Allen, 1889 P.m.imatacae Zimmer & Phelps, 1945 P.m.ventralis Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1955 P.m.duidae J.T. Zimmer, 1939 P.m.ptaritepui Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 P.m.albogularis P.L. Sclater, 1860 P.m.zamorae (Chapman, 1924) P.m.partridgei Short, 1969 P.m.mystaceus Vieillot, 1818 P.m.bifasciatus J.A. Allen, 1889 P.m.cancromus Temminck, 1820 P.m.niveigularis Pinto, 1954 P.c.superciliaris Lawrence, 1863 P.c.gumia (Bangs & Penard, 1918) P.c.coronatus P.L. Sclater, 1858 P.f.flavigularis P.L. Sclater, 1862 P.f.vividus Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1952 P.p.platyrhynchos (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) P.p.senex Sclater & Salvin, 1880 P.p.nattereri Hartert & Hellmayr, 1902 P.p.amazonicus Berlepsch, 1912 O.c.mexicanus (P.L. Sclater, 1857) O.c.fraterculus Bangs, 1902 O.c.castelnaui Deville, 1849 O.c.occidentalis (P.L. Sclater, 1860) O.c.swainsoni (Pelzeln, 1858) M.v.villosus P.L. Sclater, 1860 M.v.schaeferi Aveledo & Pons, 1952 M.v.clarus J.T. Zimmer, 1939 M.v.peruvianus Todd, 1922 M.b.sulphureipygius (P.L. Sclater, 1857) M.b.aureatus Bangs, 1908 M.b.semiflavus Todd, 1919 M.b.amazonicus Todd, 1925 M.b.insignis J.T. Zimmer, 1939 M.b.mastacalis (Wied, 1821) M.a.portovelae Chapman, 1924 M.a.modestus Todd, 1912 M.a.connectens J.T. Zimmer, 1939 M.a.snethlagei Hellmayr, 1927 M.a.ridgwayi Berlepsch, 1888 T.e.erythrurus (Cabanis, 1847) T.e.brunneifrons Hellmayr, 1927 T.e.amazonus J.T. Zimmer, 1939 N.c.cinnamomea (Lawrence, 1869) P.c.assimilis (J.A. Allen, 1900) P.c.vieillotioides (Lafresnaye, 1848) P.c.spadix Wetmore, 1939 P.c.pariae Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 H.f.sclateri Reinhardt, 1870 H.f.bellicosa (Vieillot, 1819) H.f.pallidior Hartert & Goodson, 1917 †?L.e.flaviventris Lawrence, 188750 L.e.lawrencei (J.A. Allen, 1889) L.e.bolivianus (J.A. Allen, 1889) C.f.fuscatior (Chapman, 1926) C.f.duidae J.T. Zimmer, 1938 C.f.fumosus (Berlepsch, 1908) C.f.beniensis Gyldenstolpe, 1941 C.f.fuscatus (Wied, 1831) S.n.nigricans (Swainson, 1827) S.n.semiater (Vigors, 1839) S.n.aquaticus Sclater & Salvin, 1859 S.n.amnicola Bangs, 1902 S.n.latirostris (Cabanis & Heine, 1859) S.s.pallidus (Swainson, 1827) S.s.saya (Bonaparte, 1825) S.s.quiescens Grinnell, 1926 M.p.tenuirostris Brewster, 1888 M.p.phaeocercus (P.L. Sclater, 1859) M.p.burleighi A.R. Phillips, 1966 M.p.nicaraguae Miller & Griscom, 1925 M.p.aurantiiventris (Lawrence, 1865) M.p.vividus Griscom, 1927 M.p.eminulus Nelson, 1912 M.p.berlepschi E. Hartert, 1902 C.p.pallidiventris Chapman, 1897 C.p.pertinax Cabanis & Heine, 1859 C.p.minor (Miller & Griscom, 1925) C.f.cineraceus (Lafresnaye, 1848) C.f.duidae (Chapman, 1929) C.f.zarumae (Chapman, 1924) C.f.fumigatus (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) C.f.brachyrhynchus Cabanis, 1883 C.s.sordidulus P.L. Sclater, 1859 C.s.saturatus Bishop, 1900 C.s.griscomi Webster, 1957 C.c.cinereus (Spix, 1825) C.c.pallescens (Hellmayr, 1927) C.c.bogotensis (Bonaparte, 1850) C.c.punensis Lawrence, 1869 C.c.rhizophorus (Dwight & Griscom, 1924) C.c.brachytarsus (P.L. Sclater, 1859) C.c.aithalodes Wetmore, 1957 C.n.nigrescens (Sclater & Salvin, 1880) C.n.canescens (Chapman, 1926) C.c.caribaeus (d’Orbigny, 1839) C.c.morenoi Burleigh & Duvall, 1948 C.c.nerlyi Garrido, 1978 C.c.bahamensis (H. Bryant, 1859) C.h.hispaniolensis (H. Bryant, 1867) C.h.tacitus (Wetmore, 1928) C.l.latirostris (J. Verreaux, 1866) C.l.brunneicapillus (Lawrence, 1878) C.l.blancoi (Cabanis, 1875) E.t.brewstrei Oberholser, 1918 E.t.extimus A.R. Phillips, 1948 E.a.timidus Nelson, 1900 E.a.australis Miller & Griscom, 1925 E.a.pulverius Brewster, 1889 E.a.trepidus Nelson, 1901 E.a.affinis (Swainson, 1827) E.a.bairdi P.L. Sclater, 1858 E.a.vigensis A.R. Phillips, 1942 E.d.cineritius Brewster, 1888 E.d.insulicola Oberholser, 1897 E.o.hellmayri Brodkorb, 1935 E.o.occidentalis Nelson, 1897 E.f.imperturbatus Wetmore, 1942 E.f.salvini Ridgway, 1886 E.f.flavescens Lawrence, 1865 E.f.pygmaeus Coues, 1865 E.f.fulvifrons (Giraud, 1841) E.f.rubicundus Cabanis & Heine, 1859 E.f.brodkorbi A.R. Phillips, 1966 E.f.fusciceps E.f.inexpectatus Griscom, 1932 P.r.mexicanus P.L. Sclater, 1859 P.r.flammeus van Rossem, 1934 P.r.blatteus Bangs, 1911 P.r.pinicola T.R. Howell, 1965 P.r.piurae J.T. Zimmer, 1941 P.r.saturatus Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902 P.r.ardens J.T. Zimmer, 1941 P.r.cocachacrae J.T. Zimmer, 1941 P.r.obscurus Gould, 1839 P.r.rubinus (Boddaert, 1783) P.r.major Pelzeln, 1868 P.r.nanus Gould, 1839 P.r.dubius Gould, 1839 K.s.cabanisi Schulz, 1882 K.p.poecilurus (P.L. Sclater, 1862) K.p.peruanus (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896) K.p.venezuelanus (Hellmayr, 1927) K.p.salvini (P.L. Sclater, 1888) K.p.paraquensis Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 K.o.orenocensis Berlepsch, 1884 K.o.xinguensis Berlepsch, 1912 K.o.sclateri Hellmayr, 1906 K.a.anthracinus Heine, 1859 K.a.aterrimus Kaup, 1853 K.a.franciscanus E. Snethlage, 192862 H.p.perspicillatus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) H.p.andinus (Ridgway, 1879) M.m.niceforoi J.T. Zimmer, 1947 M.m.rufescens Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 M.c.argentina Hellmayr, 1932 M.r.occipitalis Ridgway, 1887 M.r.pallidiceps Hellmayr, 1927 67 M.r.rufivertex d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 M.m.maclovianus (Garnot, 1829) M.a.columbianus Chapman, 1912 M.a.quesadae Meyer de Schauensee, 1942 M.a.alpinus (Jardine, 1849) A.m.solitarius P.L. Sclater, 1858 A.m.insolens Sclater & Salvin, 1869 A.m.intermedius Hellmayr, 1927 A.m.montanus (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) 69 A.m.maritimus (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) A.m.leucurus Gould, 1839 A.a.pollens P.L. Sclater, 186970 A.l.lividus (Kittlitz, 1835) A.l.fortis Berlepsch, 1907 A.m.micropterus Gould, 1839 X.p.pyrope (Kittlitz, 1830) X.p.fortis Philippi & Johnson, 1946 X.c.cinereus (Vieillot, 1816) X.c.pepoaza (Vieillot, 1823) X.i.niveus (Spix, 1825) M.s.pallidus Berlepsch, 1906 M.f olivaceus (Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1953) M.f.fumigatus (Boissonneau, 1840) M.f.lugubris (Berlepsch, 1883) M.f.cajamarcae (Chapman, 1927) C.e.orinomus Wetmore, 1946 P.r.rufipennis (Taczanowski, 1874) P.r.bolivianus Fjeldsĺ, 1990 F.n.atripennis P.L. Sclater, 1860 F.n.nengeta (Linnaeus, 1766) O.f.albidiadema (Lafresnaye, 1848) O.f.frontalis (Lafresnaye, 1847) O.f.spodionota Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 O.p.pulchella Sclater & Salvin, 1876 O.d.rubellula Wetmore, 1946 O.d.jesupi J.A. Allen, 1900 O.d.tovarensis Gilliard, 1940 O.d.diadema (Hartlaub, 1843) O.d.meridana Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1950 O.d.gratiosa (P.L. Sclater, 1862) O.d.cajamarcae Carriker, 1934 O.c.nigrita Sclater & Salvin, 1871 O.c.cinnamomeiventris (Lafresnaye, 1843) O.c.angustifasciata Chapman, 1926 O.c.thoracica Taczanowski, 1874 O.r.poliogastra Salvin & Godman, 1880 O.r.rubicundulus Wetmore, 1946 O.r.obfuscata J.T. Zimmer, 1942 O.r.rufopectus (Lesson, 1844) O.r.centralis Hellmayr, 1927 O.r.tectricialis Chapman, 1921 O.r.rufipectoralis (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) O.f.superciliosa Sclater & Salvin, 1871 O.f.ferruginea J.T. Zimmer, 1937 O.f.fumicolor P.L. Sclater, 1856 O.f.berlepschi Hellmayr, 1914 O.o.polionota Sclater & Salvin, 1870 O.l.dissors J.T. Zimmer, 1937 O.l.interior J.T. Zimmer, 1930 O.l.urubambae J.T. Zimmer, 1937 O.l.leucometopa Sclater & Salvin, 1877 O.l.leucophrys (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) O.l.tucumana Berlepsch, 1906 C.c.poecilonota (Cabanis, 1848) C.c.niveiceps J.T. Zimmer, 1930 C.c.colonus (Vieillot, 1818) M.r.flavigularis Todd, 1912 M.c.rufipennis Lawrence, 1869 M.c.erythropterus (Lafresnaye, 1853) M.s.primulus van Rossem, 1930 M.s.hesperis A.R. Phillips, 1966 M.s.texensis (Giraud, 1841) M.s.grandis Lawrence, 1871 M.g.granadensis Lawrence, 1862 M.g.occidentalis J.T. Zimmer, 1937 M.l.septentrionalis Blake, 1961 P.s.texanus van Rossem, 1940 P.s.derbianus (Kaup, 1852) P.s.guatimalensis (Lafresnaye, 1852) P.s.rufipennis (Lafresnaye, 1851) P.s.caucensis Chapman, 1914 P.s.trinitatis Hellmayr, 1906 P.s.maximiliani (Cabanis & Heine, 1859) P.s.bolivianus (Lafresnaye, 1852) P.s.argentinus Todd, 1952 C.a.distinctus (Ridgway, 1908) C.t.berlepschi E. Snethlage, 1914 C.t.trivirgatus (Wied, 1831) C.c.icterophrys (Lafresnaye, 1845) C.c.cinchoneti (Tschudi, 1844) M.c.cinerascens Todd, 1912 M.c.minor Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885 M.c.chrysocephalus (Tschudi, 1844) M.m.nobilis P.L. Sclater, 1859 M.m.difficilis J.T. Zimmer, 1937 M.m.chapmani J.T. Zimmer, 1937 M.m.tobagensis J.T. Zimmer, 1937 M.m.solitarius (Vieillot, 1819) M.p.tardiusculus R.T. Moore, 1941 M.p.caniceps Ridgway, 1906 M.p.deserticola Griscom, 1930 M.p.mexicanus (Lafresnaye, 1851) M.p.chrysogaster P.L. Sclater, 1860 M.p.pitangua (Linnaeus, 1766) E.v.varius (Vieillot, 1818) E.a.pallidiventris (Hellmayr, 1929) T.m.despotes (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) T.m.melancholicus Vieillot, 1819 T.v.vociferans Swainson, 1826 T.v.xenopterus Griscom, 1934 T.c.pompalis Bangs & Peters, 1928 T.c.crassirostris Swainson, 1826 T.s.monachus Hartlaub, 1844 T.s.sanctaemartae (J.T. Zimmer, 1937) T.s.circumdatus (J.T. Zimmer, 1937) T.c.bahamensis (H. Bryant, 1864) T.c.caudifasciatus d’Orbigny, 1839 T.c.flavescens Parkes, 1963 T.c.caymanensis (Nicoll, 1904) T.c.jamaicensis (Chapman, 1892) T.c.taylori (P.L. Sclater, 1864) T.c.gabbii (Lawrence, 1876) R.s.simplex (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) R.h.holerythra (Sclater & Salvin, 1860) R.h.rosenbergi (E. Hartert, 1905) S.s.albogriseus (Lawrence, 1863) S.s.subcanescens Todd, 1920 S.s.sibilator (Vieillot, 1818) S.s.atimastus Oberholser, 1902 M.y.navai Parkes, 198294 M.y.lanyoni Parkes & Phillips, 1967 M.t.olivascens Ridgway, 1884 M.t.lawrenceii (Giraud, 1841) M.t.querulus Nelson, 1904 M.t.platyrhynchus Ridgway, 1885 M.t.manens Parkes, 1982 M.t.connectens Miller & Griscom, 1925 M.t.brunneiceps Lawrence, 1861 M.t.pallidus Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 M.t.atriceps Cabanis, 1883 M.s.phaeonotus Salvin & Godman, 1883 M.s.pelzelni Berlepsch, 1883 M.p.actiosus Ridgway, 1906 M.f.brunnescens Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 M.f.australis Hellmayr, 1927 M.c.caribbaeus Hellmayr, 1925 M.c.cephalotes Taczanowski, 1879 M.p.phaeocephalus P.L. Sclater, 1860 M.p.interior J.T. Zimmer, 1938 M.c.pertinax S.F. Baird, 1859 M.n.inquietus Salvin & Godman, 1889 M.n.nuttingi Ridgway, 1882 M.n.flavidior van Rossem, 1936 M.t.cooperi S.F. Baird, 1858 M.t.cozumelae Parkes, 1982 M.t.brachyurus Ridgway, 1887 M.t.insularum Bond, 1936 M.t.bahiae Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890 M.s.sagrae (Gundlach, 1852) M.s.lucaysiensis (H. Bryant, 1867) M.s.dominicensis (H. Bryant, 1867) M.s.stolidus (Gosse, 1847) M.o.oberi Lawrence, 1877 M.o.sanctaeluciae Hellmayr & Seilern, 1915 M.o.sclateri Lawrence, 1879 R.m.pectorale Zimmer & Phelps, 1947 R.m.venezuelense Phelps & Gilliard, 1941 R.m.bolivianum J.T. Zimmer, 1939 R.m.megacephalum (Swainson, 1836) A.b.nattereri Hellmayr, 1902 A.b.bolivianus Lafresnaye, 1848 A.r.hellmayri Pinto, 1935 A.r.rufus (Vieillot, 1819) A.s.pacificus Hellmayr, 1929 A.s.cozumelae Ridgway, 1885 A.s.gaumeri Salvin & Godman, 1891 A.s.flammulatus Lafresnaye, 1848 A.s.citreopyga (Bonaparte, 1854)97 A.s.sclateri Lawrence, 1862 A.s.caniceps Todd, 1917 A.s.parvirostris J.A. Allen, 1900 A.s.parambae E. Hartert, 1900 A.s.uropygiatus (Wied, 1831) C.l.fasciatus (Ridgway, 1884) C.l.intermedius (Hartert & Goodson, 1917) H.g.leucogaster Pinto, 1932 H.g.guttatus (Vieillot, 1816) B.c.excubitor Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940 B.c.argentina Shipton, 1918 B.c.cinerea (Vieillot, 1819) F.u.fulva J.T. Zimmer, 1944 F.u.diversa J.T. Zimmer, 1944 F.u.unduligera (Pelzeln, 1869) F.u.pallida J.T. Zimmer, 1944 T.m.melanocrissus (P.L. Sclater, 1860) T.m.obscurus J.T. Zimmer, 1933 T.m.granadensis (Cabanis, 1872) T.m.duidae Chapman, 1929 T.m.melanurus (P.L. Sclater, 1855) T.m.borbae (Pelzeln, 1869) T.m.stagurus (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) S.c.pulchellus (Cabanis & Heine, 1859) S.c.paraguanae Gilliard, 1940 S.c.intermedius (Cherrie, 1916) S.c.fumosus J.T. Zimmer, 1933 S.c.trinitatis (Ridgway, 1892) S.c.canadensis (Linnaeus, 1766) S.c.loretoyacuensis S.b.bernardi (Lesson, 1844) S.b.piurae (Chapman, 1923) S.b.cajamarcae (Hellmayr, 1917) S.b.shumbae Carriker, 1934 S.l.luctuosus (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) S.l.araguayae (Hellmayr, 1908) T.d.intermedius Ridgway, 1888 T.d.yucatanensis Ridgway, 1908 T.d.nigricristatus Lawrence, 1865 T.d.albicans Lafresnaye, 1844 T.d.nigrescens Lawrence, 1867 T.d.tobagensis Hartert & Goodson, 1917 T.d.doliatus (Linnaeus, 1764) T.d.zarumae Chapman, 1921 T.d.palamblae J.T. Zimmer, 1933 T.d.subradiatus Berlepsch, 1887 T.d.signatus J.T. Zimmer, 1933 T.d.difficilis Hellmayr, 1903 T.d.capistratus Lesson, 1840 T.d.radiatus Vieillot, 1816 T.d.cadwaladeri Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940 T.m.brachyurus Todd, 1927 T.m.selvae Meyer de Schauensee, 1950 T.m.multistriatus Lafresnaye, 1844 T.t.tenuepunctatus Lafresnaye, 1853 T.t.tenuifasciatus Lawrence, 1867 T.t.berlepschi Taczanowski, 1884 T.p.similis J.T. Zimmer, 1933 T.p.puncticeps P.L. Sclater, 1890 T.p.palliatus (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) T.n.nigriceps P.L. Sclater, 1869 T.n.magdalenae Todd, 1927 T.n.cinereoniger Pelzeln, 1869 T.n.kulczynskii (Domaniewski & Stolzmann, 1922)6 T.n.nigrocinereus P.L. Sclater, 1855 T.n.tschudii Pelzeln, 1869 T.n.huberi E. Snethlage, 1907 T.a.aethiops P.L. Sclater, 1858 T.a.wetmorei Meyer de Schauensee, 1945 T.a.polionotus Pelzeln, 1869 T.a.kapouni Seilern, 19137 T.a.juruanus H. von Ihering, 1905 T.a.injunctus J.T. Zimmer, 1933 T.a.punctuliger Pelzeln, 1869 T.a.atriceps Todd, 1927 T.a.incertus Pelzeln, 1869 T.u.unicolor (P.L. Sclater, 1859) T.u.grandior Hellmayr, 1924 T.u.caudatus Carriker, 1933 T.s.capitalis P.L. Sclater, 1858 T.s.dubius (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894) T.s.schistaceus d’Orbigny, 1837 T.s.heterogynus (Hellmayr, 1907) T.s.inornatus Ridgway, 1888 T.m.murinus Sclater & Salvin, 1867 T.m.cayennensis Todd, 1927 T.m.canipennis Todd, 1927 T.a.atrinucha Salvin & Godman, 18928 T.a.gorgonae Thayer & Bangs, 1905 T.p.interpositus Hartert & Goodson, 1917 T.p.punctatus (Shaw, 1809) T.p.leucogaster Hellmayr, 1924 T.p.huallagae Carriker, 1934 T.s.stictocephalus Pelzeln, 186910 T.s.parkeri Isler, Isler & Whitney, 1997 T.a.amazonicus P.L. Sclater, 1858 T.a.obscurus J.T. Zimmer, 1933 T.a.paraensis Todd, 1927 T.i.insignis Salvin & Godman, 1884 T.i.nigrofrontalis Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1947 T.c.subandinus Taczanowski, 1882 T.c.melanochrous Sclater & Salvin, 1876 T.c.aspersiventer d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 T.c.connectens Berlepsch, 1907 T.c.dinellii Berlepsch, 1906 T.c.paraguayensis Hellmayr, 1904 T.c.gilvigaster Pelzeln, 1869 T.c.caerulescens Vieillot, 1816 T.c.albonotatus Spix, 1825 T.c.ochraceiventer E. Snethlage, 1928 T.c.pernambucensis Naumburg, 1937 T.c.cearensis (Cory, 1919) T.r.jaczewskii Domaniewski, 1925 T.r.marcapatae Hellmayr, 1912 T.r.subfasciatus Sclater & Salvin, 1876 T.r.cochabambae (Chapman, 1921) T.r.ruficapillus Vieillot, 1816 T.a.anabatinus Sclater & Salvin, 1860 T.a.saturatus Ridgway, 1908 T.a.coronatus Nelson, 1912 T.a.intermedius Chapman, 1914 T.a.gularis Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1956 T.a.aequatorialis P.L. Sclater, 1862 T.a.rufescens Cabanis, 1873 D.m.septentrionalis Ridgway, 1908 D.m.suffusus Nelson, 1912 D.m.extremus Todd, 1916 D.m.semicinereus P.L. Sclater, 1855 D.m.cumbreanus Hellmayr & Seilern, 1915 D.m.andrei Hellmayr, 1906 D.m.oberi Ridgway, 1908 D.m.ptaritepui Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 D.m.spodionotus Salvin & Godman, 1883 D.m.aequatorialis Todd, 1916 D.m.napensis Chapman, 1925 D.m.tambillanus Taczanowski, 1884 D.m.olivaceus (Tschudi, 1844) D.m.tavarae J.T. Zimmer, 1932 D.m.emiliae Hellmayr, 1912 D.m.affinis Pelzeln, 1869 D.p.puncticeps Salvin, 1866 D.p.intensus Griscom, 1932 D.p.flemmingi E. Hartert, 1900 D.o.occidentalis (Chapman, 1923) D.o.punctitectus Chapman, 1924 D.p.tucuyensis E. Hartert, 1894 D.p.leucostictus P.L. Sclater, 1858 D.p.plumbeus Wied, 1831) T.a.obidensis (E. Snethlage, 1914) T.s.huallagae (Cory, 1916) T.s.saturninus (Pelzeln, 1869) T.c.glaucus Cabanis, 1847 T.c.intermedius Carriker, 1935 T.c.persimilis Hellmayr, 190713 T.c.hoffmannsi Hellmayr, 1906 T.c.caesius (Temminck, 1820) P.s.maculipennis (P.L. Sclater, 1855) P.s.occipitalis J.T. Zimmer, 1932 P.s.purusiana Todd, 1927 P.s.stellaris (Spix, 1825) M.l.soderstromi Gyldenstolpe, 1930 M.l.pseudoaustralis Gyldenstolpe, 1930 M.l.longicauda Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894 M.l.australis Chapman, 1923 M.h.suffusa J.T. Zimmer, 1932 M.h.hauxwelli (P.L. Sclater, 1857) M.h.clarior J.T. Zimmer, 1932 M.h.hellmayri E. Snethlage, 1906 M.f.costaricensis Todd, 1927 M.f.fulviventris Lawrence, 1862 M.f.salmoni (Chubb, 1918) M.l.dissita Bond, 1950 M.l.leucophthalma (Pelzeln, 1869) M.l.phaeonota Todd, 1927 M.l.sordida Todd, 1927 M.h.haematonota (P.L. Sclater, 1857) M.h.amazonica H. von Ihering, 1905 M.s.spodionota Sclater & Salvin, 1880 M.s.sororia Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894 M.o.ornata (P.L. Sclater, 1853) M.o.saturata (Chapman, 1923) M.o.atrogularis Taczanowski, 1874 M.o.meridionalis J.T. Zimmer, 1932 M.o.hoffmannsi Hellmayr, 1906 M.e.erythrura P.L. Sclater, 1890 M.e.septentrionalis J.T. Zimmer, 1932 M.a.albigula Lawrence, 1865 M.a.melaena (P.L. Sclater, 1857) M.a.heterozyga J.T. Zimmer, 1932 M.a.fresnayana (d’Orbigny, 1835) M.a.luctuosa Pelzeln, 1869 M.s.schisticolor (Lawrence, 1865) M.s.sanctaemartae J.A. Allen, 1900 M.s.interior (Chapman, 1914) M.s.sunensis Chapman, 1925 M.s.yessupi Bond, 1950 M.l.longipennis Pelzeln, 1869 M.l.zimmeri Chapman, 1925 M.l.garbei H. von Ihering, 1905 M.l.transitiva Hellmayr, 1929 M.l.ochrogyna Todd, 1927 M.l.paraensis (Todd, 1920) M.i.heteroptera Todd, 1927 M.i.iheringi E. Snethlage, 1914 M.b.behni Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890 M.b.yavii Zimmer & Phelps, 1948 M.b.inornata P.L. Sclater, 1890 M.b.camanii Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1952 M.m.pallida Berlepsch & Hartert, 1902 M.m.menetriesii (d’Orbigny, 1837) M.m.berlepschi Hellmayr, 1903 M.m.omissa Todd, 1927 M.a.transamazonica Gyldenstolpe, 1951 D.c.stellata (Sclater & Salvin, 1880) D.c.zononota Ridgway, 1888 M.s.strigilatus (Wied, 1831) H.r.roraimae Hellmayr, 1903 H.a.senex Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940 H.a.aequatorialis Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885 H.a.puncticeps Taczanowski, 1882 H.a.axillaris (Tschudi, 1844) H.r.exiguus Nelson, 1912 H.r.frater Sclater & Salvin, 1880 H.r.scapularis (Wied, 1831) M.q.boucardi (P.L. Sclater, 1858) M.q.virgatus (Lawrence, 1863) M.q.consobrinus (P.L. Sclater, 1860) M.q.quixensis (Cornalia, 1849) M.q.intercedens J.T. Zimmer, 1932 M.q.nigriventris Carriker, 1930 M.q.albicauda Carriker, 1932 M.q.microstictus (Berlepsch, 1908) M.q.bicolor (Pelzeln, 1869) M.q.emiliae Chapman, 1921 F.g.alticincta Bangs, 1902 F.g.hondae (Chapman, 1914) F.g.fumosa (Cory, 1913) F.g.tobagensis Dalmas, 1900 F.g.orenocensis Hellmayr, 1904 F.g.rufiventris Carriker, 1936 F.g.grisea (Boddaert, 1783) F.g.deluzae Ménétričs, 1835 F.s.serrana (Hellmayr, 1929) F.m.melanogaster Pelzeln, 1869 F.m.bahiae Hellmayr, 1909 F.r.urubambae J.T. Zimmer, 1932 F.r.chapmani Cherrie, 1916 F.r.rufa (Wied, 1831) D.d.devillei (Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906) D.d.subochracea Chapman, 1921 D.c.hellmayri Todd, 1915 D.c.klagesi Hellmayr & Seilern, 1912 D.c.caudata (P.L. Sclater, 1855) T.c.callinota (P.L. Sclater, 1855) T.c.peruviana Meyer de Schauensee, 1945 T.c.venezuelana Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1954 T.c.guianensis Blake, 194924 T.h.transfluvialis Todd, 1927 T.s.signata J.T. Zimmer, 1932 T.s.spodioptila Sclater & Salvin, 1881 T.s.elaopteryx Leverkühn, 1889 T.s.meridionalis E. Snethlage, 1925 C.c.cinerascens (P.L. Sclater, 1857) C.c.immaculata Chubb, 1918 C.c.sclateri Hellmayr, 1905 C.c.iterata J.T. Zimmer, 1932 C.t.crepera Bangs, 1901 C.t.rufiventris (Lawrence, 1865) C.t.vicina Todd, 1927 C.t.saturatior Chubb, 1918 C.l.laeta Todd, 1920 C.l.sabinoi Pinto, 1939 C.n.nigrescens (Cabanis & Heine, 1859) C.n.aequatorialis J.T. Zimmer, 1931 C.n.notata J.T. Zimmer, 1931 C.n.fuscicauda J.T. Zimmer, 1931 C.n.approximans Pelzeln, 1869 C.n.ochrogyna E. Snethlage, 192826 C.s.serva (P.L. Sclater, 1858) C.s.hypomelaena P.L. Sclater, 1890 C.n.nigricans P.L. Sclater, 1858 C.n.atrata Todd, 1927 P.l.pacifica Chapman, 1923 P.l.castanoptera Chubb, 1916 P.l.picea Cabanis, 1847 P.l.similis J.T. Zimmer, 1931 P.l.marcapatensis Stolzmann28 & Domaniewski, 1918 P.l.hellmayri Stolzmann & Domaniewski, 1918 P.l.maura (Ménétričs, 1835) P.l.interposita Pinto, 1947 P.l.leuconota (Spix, 1824) P.l.pernambucensis J.T. Zimmer, 1931 M.l.erythrophrys (P.L. Sclater, 1855) M.l.leucophrys (Tschudi, 1844) M.l.angustirostris (Cabanis, 1848) M.l.koenigorum O’Neill & Parker, 1997 M.l.griseigula J.T. Zimmer, 1932 M.l.berlepschi (Hellmayr, 1910) M.l.stictopterus Todd, 1927 M.l.femininus (Hellmayr, 1910) M.l.lugubris (Cabanis, 1847) M.m.napensis J.T. Zimmer, 1932 M.m.myotherinus (Spix, 1825) M.m.incanus M.m.ardesiacus Todd, 1927 M.m.proximus Todd, 1927 M.m.ochrolaema (Hellmayr, 1906) M.m.sororius (Hellmayr, 1910) H.c.notaea Hellmayr, 1920 H.c.cantator (Boddaert, 1783) H.c.saturata Carriker, 1930 H.c.peruviana Taczanowski, 1884 H.c.implicata J.T. Zimmer, 1932 H.c.striata (Spix, 1825) H.c.affinis J.T. Zimmer, 1932 H.c.subflava Cabanis, 1873 H.c.collinsi Cherrie, 1916 H.c.ochrogyna J.T. Zimmer, 1932 H.h.hypoxantha P.L. Sclater, 1869 H.h.ochraceiventris Chapman, 1921 H.m.melanopogon (P.L. Sclater, 1857) H.m.minor Gyldenstolpe, 1941 H.m.orientalis Gyldenstolpe, 1941 G.n.chiroleuca Sclater & Salvin, 1869 G.n.erratilis Bangs, 1907 G.n.nudiceps (Cassin, 1850) G.n.sanctamartae Ridgway, 1908 S.n.diaphora Todd, 1913 S.n.argentata (Des Murs, 1856) S.n.toddi Hellmayr, 1924 P.r.rufifrons (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) P.r.subcristata Hellmayr, 1908 P.m.minor Pelzeln, 1869 S.l.subplumbea (Sclater & Salvin, 1880) S.l.obscura Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 S.l.saturata (Salvin, 1885) S.l.leucostigma (Pelzeln, 1869) S.l.intensa (J.T. Zimmer, 1927) S.l.brunneiceps J.T. Zimmer, 1931 S.l.infuscata Todd, 1927 S.l.humaythae (Hellmayr, 1907) S.l.rufifacies Hellmayr, 1929 M.l.panamensis Ridgway, 1908 M.l.longipes (Swainson, 1825) M.l.boucardi Berlepsch, 1888 M.e.exsul P.L. Sclater, 1859 M.e.occidentalis Cherrie, 1891 M.e.cassini (Ridgway, 1908) M.e.niglarus Wetmore, 1962 M.e.maculifer (Hellmayr, 1906) M.f.eluta (Todd, 1927) M.r.soror Pinto, 1940 M.r.ruficauda (Wied, 1831) M.l.laemosticta Salvin, 1865 M.a.metae Meyer de Schauensee, 1947 M.a.atrothorax (Boddaert, 1783)39 M.a.tenebrosa J.T. Zimmer, 1932 M.a.maynana Taczanowski, 1882 M.a.obscurata J.T. Zimmer, 1932 M.a.griseiventris Carriker, 1935 M.a.melanura (Ménétričs, 1835) M.f.incanescens (Todd, 1927) M.i.zeledoni Ridgway, 1909 M.i.immaculata (Lafresnaye, 1845) M.t.torquata (Boddaert, 1783) P.a.albifrons (Linnaeus, 1766) P.a.brevibarba Chapman, 1928 P.a.peruvianus Taczanowski, 1884 G.l.olivascens (Ridgway, 1891) G.l.bicolor (Lawrence, 1863) G.l.daguae Hellmayr, 1906 G.l.aequatorialis (Hellmayr, 1902) G.l.ruficeps Salvin & Godman, 1892 G.l.leucaspis (P.L. Sclater, 1855) G.l.castaneus J.T. Zimmer, 1937 G.l.peruanus J.T. Zimmer, 1937 G.l.lateralis Todd, 1927 G.r.pallidus (Cherrie, 1909) G.r.pallidigula Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1947 G.r.rufigula (Boddaert, 1783) G.s.maculatus J.T. Zimmer, 1937 G.s.salvini (Berlepsch, 1901) R.m.melanosticta (Sclater & Salvin, 1880) R.m.brunneiceps Chapman, 1928 R.m.purusiana (E. Snethlage, 1908) R.m.badia J.T. Zimmer, 1932 H.n.capnitis (Bangs, 1906) H.n.naevioides (Lafresnaye, 1847) H.n.subsimilis Todd, 1917 H.n.theresae (Des Murs, 1856) H.n.peruvianus Carriker, 1932 H.n.consobrinus Todd, 1913 H.n.naevius (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) H.n.obscurus Todd, 1927 H.n.ochraceus (Berlepsch, 1912) H.p.punctulatus (Des Murs, 1856) H.p.subochraceus J.T. Zimmer, 1934 H.p.lepidonota (Sclater & Salvin, 1880) H.p.griseiventris (Pelzeln, 1869) H.p.gutturalis Todd, 1927 H.p.nigrigula (E. Snethlage, 1914) H.p.vidua (Hellmayr, 1905) P.n.bowmani Ridgway, 1888 P.n.confinis J.T. Zimmer, 1932 P.n.paraensis Hellmayr, 1904 P.e.erythroptera (Gould, 1855) P.e.ustulata Todd, 1927 P.m.saturatus (Richmond, 1896) P.m.mcleannani (Lawrence, 1860) P.m.chocoanus Bangs & Barbour, 1922 P.m.pacificus Hellmayr, 1924 C.l.lineata (Wied, 1831) C.l.cearae Cory, 1916 C.a.inexpectata J.T. Zimmer, 1931 C.a.aurita (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) C.a.occidentalis Chubb, 1917 C.a.australis Todd, 1927 C.a.snethlageae Berlepsch, 1912 C.a.pallida E. Snethlage, 1914 C.a.saturata Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1906 C.a.ardesiaca d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 C.c.chocoensis Chapman, 1915 C.c.castaneiceps P.L. Sclater, 1857 C.c.chapmani Carriker, 1933 C.c.brunneinucha Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 C.m.perspicillata (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) C.m.melanops (Vieillot, 1818) ¶C.m.nigrifrons Pinto, 1954 P.m.atacamae Philippi, 1946 P.m.megapodius Kittlitz, 1830 S.a.atacamae Hellmayr, 1924 S.a.albicollis (Kittlitz, 1830) S.r.rubecula (Kittlitz, 1830) S.r.mochae Chapman, 1934 R.l.saturata Brodkorb, 1939 R.l.lanceolata (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832) L.t.dugandi Meyer de Schauensee, 1950 L.t.erithacus P.L. Sclater, 1890 L.t.thoracicus (P.L. Sclater, 1865) M.t.torquata (Wied, 1831) M.t.rufescens Hellmayr, 1924 M.m.maximiliani (d’Orbigny, 1835) M.m.bitorquata (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)1 M.e.elegans (Lesson, 1844) M.e.paucalensis (Taczanowski, 1884) S.l.subcinereus J.T. Zimmer, 1939 S.l.intermedius J.T. Zimmer, 1939 S.a.atratus Hellmayr, 1922 S.a.confusus J.T. Zimmer, 1939 S.a.argentifrons Ridgway, 1891 S.a.chiriquensis Griscom, 1924 S.s.superciliaris Cabanis, 1883 S.s.santabarbarae Nores, 1986 S.c.canus Chapman, 1915 S.c.opacus J.T. Zimmer, 1939 A.o.orthonyx (Lafresnaye, 1843) A.o.infuscatus Salvadori & Festa, 189913 F.c.nigrifrons Gould, 1855 F.c.amazonicus Hellmayr, 1902 F.c.ruficeps (Spix, 1824) F.a.moniliger P.L. Sclater, 1857 F.a.pallidus (Lawrence, 1882) F.a.intermedius Ridgway, 1908 F.a.umbrosus Ridgway, 1893 F.a.hoffmanni (Cabanis, 1861) F.a.panamensis Ridgway, 1908 F.a.virescens Todd, 1915 F.a.connectens Chapman, 1914 F.a.zamorae Chapman, 1923 F.a.olivaceus J.T. Zimmer, 1931 F.a.analis (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) F.n.nigricapillus Ridgway, 1893 F.n.destructus E. Hartert, 1898 F.r.rufipectus Salvin, 1866 F.r.carrikeri Chapman, 1912 F.r.thoracicus Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885 C.c.colombiana Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 C.c.punctigula Chapman, 1924 C.c.olivacea Tschudi, 1844 C.c.huachamacarii Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1951 C.c.berlepschi Stolzmann, 1926 C.c.venezuelana Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906 C.c.yavii Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1947 C.c.obscura Zimmer & Phelps, 1944 C.c.fulvescens Salvin & Godman, 1882 C.c.boliviana Hellmayr & Seilern, 1912 C.c.campanisona (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) C.n.rubida J.T. Zimmer, 1932 C.n.nobilis Gould, 1855 C.n.fulvipectus Todd, 1927 C.t.turdina (Cabanis & Heine, 1859) C.t.chionogaster Hellmayr, 1906 C.m.mollissima P.L. Sclater, 1855 C.m.yungae Carriker, 1935 P.m.zeledoni Ridgway, 1884 P.m.michleri Cassin, 1860 P.r.rosenbergi Hellmayr, 1911 P.r.harterti Chapman, 1917 P.r.rufopileatum E. Hartert, 1901 G.s.squamigera Prévost & Des Murs, 1846 C.s.canicauda Chapman, 1926 G.g.lehmanni Wetmore, 1945 G.g.hylodroma Wetmore, 1945 G.g.gigantea Lawrence, 1866 G.e.excelsa Berlepsch, 1893 G.e.phelpsi Gilliard, 1939 G.v.cinereiceps Hellmayr, 1903 G.v.varia (Boddaert, 1783) G.v.distincta Todd, 1927 G.v.intercedens Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890 G.v.imperator Lafresnaye, 1842 G.a.alleni Chapman, 1912 C.g.binfordi Dickerman, 1990 G.g.ochraceiventris Nelson, 1898 G.g.guatimalensis Prévost & Des Murs, 1846 G.g.princeps Sclater & Salvin, 1869 G.g.chocoensis Chapman, 1917 G.g.regulus P.L. Sclater, 1860 G.g.carmelitae Todd, 1915 G.g.aripoensis Hellmayr & Seilern, 1912 G.g.roraimae Chubb, 1921 G.h.haplonota P.L. Sclater, 1877 G.h.pariae Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 G.h.parambae Rothschild, 1900 G.h.chaplinae Robbins & Ridgely, 1986 G.r.ruficapilla Lafresnaye, 1842 G.r.perijana Phelps & Gilliard, 1940 G.r.avilae Hellmayr & Seilern, 1914 G.r.nigrolineata P.L. Sclater, 1890 G.r.connectens Chapman, 1923 G.r.albiloris Taczanowski, 1880 G.r.interior J.T. Zimmer, 1934 G.g.tachirae Zimmer & Phelps, 1945 G.g.griseonucha Sclater & Salvin, 1871 G.n.ruficeps P.L. Sclater, 1874 G.n.obsoleta G.n.nuchalis P.L. Sclater, 1859 G.h.castanea Chapman, 1923 G.h.hypoleuca P.L. Sclater, 1855 G.r.spatiator Bangs, 1898 G.r.saltuensis Wetmore, 1946 G.r.rufula Lafresnaye, 1843 G.r.cajamarcae (Chapman, 1927) G.r.obscura Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 G.r.occabambae (Chapman, 1923) G.r.cochabambae Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940 G.q.quitensis Lesson, 1844 G.q.alticola Todd, 1919 G.q.atuensis Carriker, 1933 H.p.lizanoi (Cherrie, 1891) H.p.perspicillatus (Lawrence, 1861) H.p.pallidior Todd, 1919 H.m.macularius (Temminck, 1830) H.m.paraensis (E. Snethlage, 1910) H.d.flammulatus Griscom, 1928 H.d.barbacoae Chapman, 1914 H.f.caquetae Chapman, 1923 H.f.fulviventris (P.L. Sclater, 1858) H.b.yessupi (Carriker, 1930) H.b.berlepschi (Hellmayr, 1903) M.c.modesta (P.L. Sclater, 1855) M.c.signata J.T. Zimmer, 1934 M.c.minor (Taczanowski, 1882) M.c.subcanescens Todd, 1927 M.s.simplex (Salvin & Godman, 1884) M.s.duidae Chapman, 1929 G.f.costaricensis Lawrence, 1866 G.f.brevis Nelson, 1912 G.f.ochraceiventris Chapman, 1922 G.f.mindoensis Chapman, 1925 G.f.zarumae Chapman, 1922 G.f.flavirostris (P.L. Sclater, 1858) G.f.similis Carriker, 1933 G.f.boliviana Chapman, 1919 G.c.cucullata (P.L. Sclater, 1856) G.f.rara Hellmayr & Madarász, 1914 G.f.ferrugineipectus (P.L. Sclater, 1857) G.f.leymebambae Carriker, 1933 G.n.occidentalis Todd, 1927 G.n.nana (Lafresnaye, 1842) G.n.olivascens Hellmayr, 1917 G.n.cumanensis E. Hartert, 1900 G.n.pariae Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 G.n.kukenamensis Chubb, 1918 G.c.juninensis Taczanowski, 1884 G.c.frobeni (Philippi & Landbeck, 1864) G.c.deserticolor Hellmayr, 1924 G.c.fissirostris (Kittlitz, 1835) G.c.hellmayri J.L. Peters, 1925 G.t.tenuirostris (Lafresnaye, 1836) G.p.paytae Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906 G.p.peruviana Lafresnaye, 1847 G.p.rostrata Stolzmann, 1926 G.r.rufipennis (Burmeister, 1860) U.j.saturata Carriker, 1933 U.v.validirostris (Burmeister, 1861) U.v.rufescens Nores, 1986 U.d.saturatior W.E.D. Scott, 1900 U.s.serrana Taczanowski, 1875 U.s.huancavelicae Morrison, 1938 U.r.montana d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838 U.r.ruficaudus (Meyen, 1834) U.r.famatinae Nores, 1986 U.c.luscinia Burmeister, 1860 U.c.estebani Wetmore & Peters, 1949 U.c.certhioides (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838) C.m.atacamae Hellmayr, 1925 C.m.melanura (G.R. Gray, 1846) C.e.colombianus (Chapman, 1912)8 C.e.excelsior P.L. Sclater, 1860 C.f.heterurus Madarász, 1903 C.f.oreobates W.E.D. Scott, 1900 C.f.paramo Meyer de Schauensee, 1945 C.f.albidiventris P.L. Sclater, 1860 C.f.longipennis (Swainson, 1838) C.f.rivularis (Cabanis, 1873) C.o.oustaleti W.E.D. Scott, 1900 C.o.hornensis Dabbene, 1917 C.o.baeckstroemii Lönnberg, 1921 C.p.chilensis C.p.patagonicus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) C.a.maculirostris Dabbene, 1917 C.a.antarcticus (Garnot, 1826) C.a.schocolatinus Reichenow, 1920 F.f.pileatus Sclater & Salvin, 1878 F.f.figulus (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) F.l.cinnamomeus (Lesson, 1844) F.l.longirostris Pelzeln, 1856 F.l.endoecus Cory, 1919 F.l.leucopus Swainson, 1838 F.l.tricolor Giebel, 186810 F.l.assimilis Cabanis & Heine, 1859 F.r.commersoni Pelzeln, 1868 F.r.schuhmacheri Laubmann, 1933 F.r.rufus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) F.r.albogularis (Spix, 1824) A.s.bullocki Chapman, 1934 A.s.fulva Angelini, 1905 L.f.fuliginiceps d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 L.f.paranensis P.L. Sclater, 1862 L.a.grisescens Hellmayr, 1925 L.a.aegithaloides (Kittlitz, 1830) L.a.pallida Dabbene, 1920 L.p.cajabambae Chapman, 1921 L.p.pileata P.L. Sclater, 1881 L.p.latistriata Koepcke, 1965 L.s.superciliaris Hellmayr, 1932 L.s.albigularis Morrison, 1938 L.s.striata (Philippi & Landbeck, 1863) L.a.certhia (Madarász, 1903) L.a.extima Todd, 1916 L.a.exterior Todd, 1919 L.a.andicola P.L. Sclater, 1870 L.a.peruviana Chapman, 1919 S.f.peruviana Cory, 1916 S.f.plengei O’Neill & Parker, 1976 S.v.ayacuchensis Vaurie, Weske & Terborgh, 1972 S.v.vilcabambae Vaurie, Weske & Terborgh, 1972 S.h.harterti Berlepsch, 1901 S.h.bejaranoi Remsen, 1981 A.p.sordida (Lesson, 1839) A.b.chacoensis Brodkorb, 1938 A.b.neiffi (Contreras, 1980) A.h.goodalli Marin, Kiff & Pena, 1989 A.h.humicola (Kittlitz, 1830) A.h.polysticta Hellmayr, 1925 A.p.neglecta (Cory, 1916) A.p.pudibunda (P.L. Sclater, 1874) A.p.grisior Koepcke, 1961 A.m.proxima (Chapman, 1921) A.m.hilereti (Dabenne, 1914) 17 A.m.rostrata (Berlepsch, 1901) A.m.serrana Nores, 1986 A.m.australis Hellmayr, 1925 A.c.cactorum Koepcke, 1959 A.h.cajamarcae J.T. Zimmer, 1936 A.h.humilis (Cabanis, 1873) A.h.robusta (Berlepsch, 1901) A.d.usheri Morrison, 194718 A.d.consobrina Hellmayr, 1925 A.d.dorbignyi (Reichenbach, 1853) A.w.wyatti (Sclater & Salvin, 1871) A.w.sanctaemartae Todd, 1950 A.w.aequatorialis (Chapman, 1921) A.w.azuay (Chapman, 1923) A.w.graminicola (P.L. Sclater, 1874) A.s.cuchacanchae (Chapman, 1921) A.s.lilloi (Oustalet, 1904) A.s.sclateri (Cabanis, 1878) A.u.huallagae (J.T. Zimmer, 1924) A.u.urubambensis (Chapman, 1919) A.f.multostriata (P.L. Sclater, 1858) A.f.quindiana (Chapman, 1915) A.f.pallida Carriker, 1933 A.f.taczanowskii (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894) S.p.phryganophilus (Vieillot, 1817)20 S.p.petersi Pinto, 1949 S.c.candei d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838 S.c.atrigularis (Todd, 1917) S.c.venezuelensis Cory, 1913 S.s.scutatus P.L. Sclater, 1859 S.s.whitii P.L. Sclater, 1881 S.s.teretiala (Oren, 1985) S.c.carri Chapman, 1895 S.c.terrestris Jardine, 1847 S.c.bolivari E. Hartert, 1917 S.c.striatipectus Chapman, 1899 S.c.pariae Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 S.a.elegantior P.L. Sclater, 1862 S.a.media Chapman, 1914 S.a.ochracea J.T. Zimmer, 1936 S.a.fruticicola Taczanowski, 1880 S.a.infumata J.T. Zimmer, 1925 S.a.azarae d’Orbigny, 183525 S.a.samaipatae Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1941 S.a.superciliosa Cabanis, 1883 S.a.insignis J.T. Zimmer, 1935 S.a.occipitalis Madarász, 1903 S.a.littoralis Todd, 1948 S.a.perpallida Todd, 1916 S.a.trinitatis J.T. Zimmer, 1935 S.a.inaequalis J.T. Zimmer, 1935 S.a.griseonota Todd, 1948 S.a.albescens Temminck, 1823 S.r.caquetensis Chapman, 1914 S.r.confinis J.T. Zimmer, 1935 S.r.amazonica Hellmayr, 1907 S.r.rutilans Temminck, 1823 S.r.omissa E. Hartert, 1901 S.r.tertia Hellmayr, 1907 S.c.napoensis Gyldenstolpe, 1930 S.c.saturata Carriker, 1934 S.c.cherriei Gyldenstolpe, 1916 S.e.furtiva Bangs & Peters, 1927 S.e.erythrothorax P.L. Sclater, 1855 S.e.pacifica Griscom, 1930 S.b.griseonucha Chapman, 192330 S.b.brachyura Lafresnaye, 1843 S.b.caucae Chapman, 1914 S.m.moesta P.L. Sclater, 1856 S.m.obscura Chapman, 1914 S.c.cabanisi Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890 S.c.fulviventris Chapman, 1924 S.g.huallagae Cory, 1919 S.g.canipileus Chapman, 1923 S.g.inornata Pelzeln, 1856 S.g.certhiola Todd, 1916 S.a.simoni Hellmayr, 190734 S.a.albilora Pelzeln, 1856 S.s.stictothorax P.L. Sclater, 1859 S.s.maculata Lawrence, 1874 H.g.rufiventris (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896) C.m.marcapatae J.T. Zimmer, 1935 C.a.albiceps (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) C.a.discolor J.T. Zimmer, 1935 C.v.apurensis Zimmer & Phelps, 1948 C.v.alopecias (Pelzeln, 1859) C.v.vulpina (Pelzeln, 1856) C.v.foxi Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940 C.v.reiseri (Reichenberger, 1922) C.s.subcristata (P.L. Sclater, 1874) C.p.rufipennis (Sclater & Salvin, 1879) C.p.striaticeps (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) C.s.semicinerea (Reichenbach, 1853) C.s.goyana Pinto, 1936 C.a.albicapilla (Cabanis, 1873) C.a.albigula J.T. Zimmer, 1924 C.e.rufigenis (Lawrence, 1868) C.e.erythrops (P.L. Sclater, 1860) C.c.curtata (P.L. Sclater, 1870) C.c.debilis (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1906) C.a.antisiensis (P.L. Sclater, 1859) C.a.palamblae (Chapman, 1923) C.b.capitalis J.T. Zimmer, 1924 C.c.fuscifrons (Madarász, 1913) C.c.marabinus Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1946 C.c.valencianus Zimmer & Phelps, 1944 C.c.orenocensis J.T. Zimmer, 1935 C.c.pallidus J.T. Zimmer, 193547 C.c.cearensis (Cory, 1916) T.f.dimorpha T.f.obidensis Todd, 1925 T.f.fusciceps P.r.inornatus P.r.peruvianus Hellmayr, 1925 P.r.specularis Hellmayr, 1925 P.r.rufifrons (Wied, 1821) P.s.griseipectus Chapman, 1919 P.s.striaticeps (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838) P.m.brunnescens J.T. Zimmer, 1935 P.m.juninensis Carriker, 1932 P.m.loaensis Philippi & Goodall, 1946 P.m.melanops (Vieillot, 1817) C.a.campicola Todd, 1915 P.b.brunneicauda (Lawrence, 1865)56 P.b.coloratus Bangs, 1902 P.b.rostratus P.t.tatei Chapman, 1925 P.t.pariae Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 R.a.obscurodorsalis Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1948 R.a.duidae Chapman, 1939 M.r.rubiginosus Lawrence, 1865 M.r.boultoni Griscom, 1924 M.s.peruvianus Cory, 1913 P.l.lawrencii Ridgway, 187861 P.l.johnsoni Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1922 P.b.striaticeps Hellmayr & Seilern, 1912 P.b.meridae Hartert & Goodson, 1917 P.b.boissonneautii (Lafresnaye, 1840)62 P.b.orientalis J.T. Zimmer, 1935 P.b.intermedianus Chapman, 1923 P.b.auritus (Tschudi, 1844) P.b.carabayae J.T. Zimmer, 1936 A.v.temporalis (P.L. Sclater, 1859)64 A.s.anxia (Bangs, 1902) A.s.venezuelana (Hellmayr, 1911) A.s.striaticollis Lafresnaye, 1842 A.s.yungae (Chapman, 1923) S.g.guttulata (P.L. Sclater, 1858) S.g.pallida Zimmer & Phelps, 1944 S.s.lineata (Lawrence, 1865) S.s.tacarcunae (Chapman, 1923) S.s.subalaris (P.L. Sclater, 1859) S.s.mentalis (Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885) S.s.colligata J.T. Zimmer, 1935 S.s.ruficrissa (Carriker, 1930) S.r.similis (Chapman, 1927) S.r.oleaginea (P.L. Sclater, 1884) S.r.rufosuperciliata (Lafresnaye, 1832) H.s.nicaraguae Miller & Griscom, 1925 H.s.virgatus (Lawrence, 1867) H.s.lemae Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1960 H.s.subulatus (Spix, 1824) P.r.ruficaudatum (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838) P.r.flavipectus Phelps & Gilliard, 1941 P.e.subfulvum P.L. Sclater, 1862 P.e.ochrogaster Hellmayr, 1917 P.e.lyra Cherrie, 1916 P.e.suboles Todd, 1948 P.e.erythrocercum (Pelzeln, 1859) P.e.diluviale Griscom & Greenway, 1937 P.r.riveti Ménégaux & Hellmayr, 1906 P.r.colombianum Cabanis & Heine, 1859 P.r.cuchiverus Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 P.r.chapadense J.T. Zimmer, 1935 P.d.dimidiatum (Pelzeln, 1859) P.d.baeri Hellmayr, 1911 T.m.striaticeps (Sclater & Salvin, 1875) T.m.melanorhynchus (Tschudi, 1844) T.h.moderatus J.T. Zimmer, 1935 T.v.klagesi (Hellmayr & Seilern, 1912) T.v.sclateri Berlepsch, 1907 T.v.virgaticeps Lawrence, 1874 T.v.sumaco Chapman, 1925 T.f.bricenoi Berlepsch, 1907 A.o.hypophaeus Ridgway, 190981 A.o.exsertus Bangs, 1901 A.o.ochrolaemus (Tschudi, 1844) A.o.auricularis J.T. Zimmer, 1935 A.i.purusianus Todd, 1948 A.i.paraensis E. Hartert, 1902 A.l.lammi J.T. Zimmer, 1947 A.l.leucophthalmus (Wied, 1821) ¶A.r.paraquensis Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 194782 A.r.roraimae Hellmayr, 191783 A.r.guerrerensis Salvin & Godman, 1891 A.r.rubiginosus (P.L. Sclater, 1857) A.r.veraepacis Salvin & Godman, 189184 A.r.saturatus Chapman, 1915 A.r.rufipectus Bangs, 1898 A.r.venezuelanus Zimmer & Phelps, 1947 A.r.cinnamomeigula Hellmayr, 1905 A.r.moderatus J.T. Zimmer, 1935 A.r.watkinsi Hellmayr, 1912 A.r.obscurus (Pelzeln, 1859) A.r.consobrinus (P.L. Sclater, 1870) A.r.rufipileatus (Pelzeln, 1859) H.e.erythrocephalus Chapman, 1919 H.e.palamblae J.T. Zimmer, 1935 S.m.mexicanus P.L. Sclater, 1857 S.m.pullus Bangs, 1902 S.m.andinus Chapman, 1914 S.m.obscurior E. Hartert, 1901 S.m.peruvianus Chubb, 1919 S.m.macconnelli Chubb, 1919 S.m.bahiae Chubb, 1919 S.r.furfurosus Todd, 194886 S.r.rufigularis Pelzeln, 1869 S.a.canigularis Ridgway, 1889 S.a.propinquus Bangs, 1899 S.a.kempffi Kratter, 1997 S.c.caudacutus (Vieillot, 1816) S.c.insignis J.T. Zimmer, 1934 S.c.brunneus P.L. Sclater, 1857 S.c.olivascens Cabanis, 1873 S.c.pallidus J.T. Zimmer, 1934 S.c.umbretta (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823) S.s.cearensis E. Snethlage, 1924 S.g.guatemalensis (Hartlaub, 1844) S.g.salvini Salvadori & Festa, 1899 S.g.ennosiphyllus Wetmore, 1951 L.n.nelsoni Aldrich, 1945 L.n.chimantae Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1947 L.n.castanonotus Chubb, 1918 L.n.obscuratus Cabanis, 1873 H.c.contaminatus Berlepsch, 1885 X.t.hellmayri Todd, 1925 X.m.mexicanus P.L. Sclater, 1857 X.m.ridgwayi Hartert & Goodson, 1917 X.m.neglectus Todd, 1913 X.m.remoratus J.T. Zimmer, 1935 X.m.olivaceus Aveledo & Pons, 1952 X.m.genibarbis Illiger, 1811 X.r.septentrionalis J.T. Zimmer, 1929 X.r.guayae Hellmayr, 1920 X.r.peruvianus J.T. Zimmer, 1935 X.r.purusianus Todd, 1925 X.r.chapadensis J.T. Zimmer, 1935 X.r.rutilans Temminck, 1821 D.t.tyrannina (Lafresnaye, 1851) D.t.hellmayri Cory, 1913 D.f.barinensis Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 D.f.neglecta Todd, 1948 D.f.atrirostris (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838) D.f.rufoolivacea Ridgway, 1888 D.f.taunayi Pinto, 1939 D.f.trumaii Sick, 1950 D.a.anabatina P.L. Sclater, 1859 D.a.typhla Oberholser, 1904 D.m.merula (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1820) D.m.obidensis Todd, 1948 D.m.remota Todd, 1925 D.m.olivascens J.T. Zimmer, 1934 D.m.castanoptera Ridgway, 1888 D.m.badia J.T. Zimmer, 1934 D.h.homochroa (P.L. Sclater, 1859) D.h.acedesta Oberholser, 1904 D.h.ruficeps Sclater & Salvin, 1868 D.l.typica Cherrie, 1891 D.l.darienensis Griscom, 1929 D.l.minor Todd, 1917 D.l.longicauda (Pelzeln, 1868) D.l.connectens J.T. Zimmer, 1929 D.l.pallida J.T. Zimmer, 1929 D.s.clarior J.T. Zimmer, 1929 D.s.stictolaema (Pelzeln, 1868) S.g.levis Bangs, 1902 S.g.veraguensis Aldrich, 1937 S.g.aequatorialis Ridgway, 1891 S.g.perijanus Phelps & Gilliard, 1940 S.g.axillaris J.T. Zimmer, 1934 S.g.viridis Carriker, 1935 S.g.viridior Todd, 1948 S.g.transitivus Pinto & Camargo, 1948 S.g.reiseri Hellmayr, 1917 S.g.olivaceus Wied, 1831 S.g.sylviellus (Temminck, 1821) G.s.pectoralis Sclater & Salvin, 1860 G.s.subrufescens Todd, 1948 G.s.integratus J.T. Zimmer, 1946 G.s.castelnaudii Des Murs, 1856 G.s.albigularis Chapman, 1923 G.s.inornatus J.T. Zimmer, 1934 G.s.cuneatus (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1820) D.r.devillei (Lafresnaye, 1850) D.r.rufigula (Lesson, 1844) D.r.moniliger J.T. Zimmer, 1934 D.r.paraensis Lorenz, 1895 H.p.uniformis Hellmayr, 1909 H.s.stresemanni E. Snethlage, 1925 H.s.undulatus Todd, 1925 X.p.omiltemensis Nelson, 1903 X.p.sclateri Ridgway, 1890 X.p.costaricensis Ridgway, 1889 X.p.panamensis Griscom, 1927 X.p.rostratus Todd, 1917 X.p.sanctaemartae Hellmayr, 1925 X.p.virgatus Ridgway, 1890 X.p.promeropirhynchus (Lesson, 1840) X.p.procerus X.p.tenebrosus Zimmer & Phelps, 1948 X.p.ignotus Ridgway, 1890 X.p.compressirostris Taczanowski, 1882 X.p.phaeopygus Belepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 X.p.solivagus Bond, 1950 X.p.lineatocephalus (G.R. Gray, 1847) X.p.berlepschi E. Snethlage, 1908 X.p.paraensis Pinto, 1945 X.p.obsoletus Todd, 1917 X.a.bahiae Cory, 1919 X.a.villanovae Lima, 19206 X.m.remoratus Pinto, 1945 X.m.major (Vieillot, 1818) D.s.sheffleri Binford, 1965 D.c.juruanus H. von Ihering, 1905 D.c.polyzonus Todd, 1913 D.c.medius Todd, 1920 D.c.concolor Pelzeln, 1868 D.p.validus Tschudi, 1844 D.p.transfasciatus Todd, 1925 D.p.olivaceus J.T. Zimmer, 1934 D.p.casaresi Steullet & Deautier, 1950 X.p.extimus (Griscom, 1927) X.p.dugandi (Wetmore & Phelps, 1946) X.p.picirostris (Lafresnaye, 1847) X.p.saturatior (Hellmayr, 1925) X.p.choicus (Wetmore & Phelps, 1946) X.p.longirostris (Richmond, 1896) X.p.altirostris (Léotaud, 1866) X.p.phalara (Wetmore, 1939) X.p.duidae (J.T. Zimmer, 1934) X.p.peruvianus (J.T. Zimmer, 1934) X.p.kienerii (Des Murs, 1856) X.p.rufescens (Todd, 1948) X.p.bahiae (Bangs & Penard, 1921) X.o.palliatus (Des Murs, 1856) X.f.atlanticus (Cory, 1916) X.f.brevirostris (Pinto, 1938) X.f.tenuirostris (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1820) X.o.lineatocapilla (Berlepsch & Leverkühn, 1890)16 X.o.perplexus J.T. Zimmer, 1934 X.o.chunchotambo (Tschudi, 1844) X.o.brevirostris J.T. Zimmer, 1934 X.e.buenavistae J.T. Zimmer, 1948 X.e.insignis (Hellmayr, 1905) X.e.juruanus (H. von Ihering, 1905) X.e.elegans (Pelzeln, 1868) X.p.caurensis Todd, 1948 X.p.pardalotus (Vieillot, 1818) X.g.connectens Todd, 1948 X.g.guttatoides (Lafresnaye, 1850) X.g.vicinalis Todd, 1948 X.g.eytoni (P.L. Sclater, 1854) X.g.dorbignyanus (Lafresnaye, 1850) X.s.confinis (Bangs, 1903) X.s.costaricensis (Ridgway, 1888) X.s.marginatus Griscom, 1927 X.s.rosenbergi Bangs, 1910 X.s.jardinei (Dalmas, 1900) X.s.margaritae Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1949 X.f.tardus Bangs & Peters, 1928 X.f.mentalis (Lawrence, 1867) X.f.flavigaster Swainson, 1827 X.f.saltuarius Wetmore, 194220 X.f.yucatanensis Ridgway, 1909 X.f.eburneirostris (Des Murs, 1847) X.f.ultimus Bangs & Griscom, 1932 X.l.lachrymosus (Lawrence, 1862) X.l.alarum Chapman, 1915 X.e.erythropygius (P.L. Sclater, 1859) X.e.parvus Griscom, 1937 X.e.punctigula (Ridgway, 1889) X.e.insolitus Ridgway, 1909 X.t.hylodromus Wetmore, 1939 X.t.intermedius Carriker, 1935 X.t.bangsi Chapman, 1919 L.l.umbrosus R.T. Moore, 1934 L.l.leucogaster (Swainson, 1827) L.s.guerrerensis van Rossem, 1939 L.s.insignis (Nelson, 1897) L.s.compressus (Cabanis, 1861) L.s.uaireni Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1950 L.s.esmeraldae Chapman, 1923 L.s.souleyetii (Des Murs, 1849) L.a.coronatus (Lesson, 1830) L.a.bahiae (Hellmayr, 1903) L.a.hellmayri Naumburg, 1925 L.a.dabbenei Esteban, 1948 L.a.lignicida (Bangs & Penard, 1919) L.a.affinis (Lafresnaye, 1839) L.a.neglectus (Ridgway, 1909) L.l.sanctaemartae (Chapman, 1912) L.l.sneiderni Meyer de Schauensee, 1945 L.l.lacrymiger (Des Murs, 1849) L.l.lafresnayi (Cabanis & Heine, 1859) L.l.aequatorialis (Ménégaux, 1912) L.l.warscewiczi (Cabanis & Heine, 1859) L.l.carabayae Hellmayr, 1920 L.l.bolivianus (Chapman, 1919) L.s.wagleri (Spix, 1824) L.s.squamatus (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1822) L.a.duidae J.T. Zimmer, 1934 L.a.fuscicapillus (Pelzeln, 1868) L.a.madeirae (Chapman, 1919) L.a.layardi (P.L. Sclater, 1873) C.t.brevipennis Griscom, 1932 C.t.venezuelensis (Chapman, 1889) C.t.thoracicus (P.L. Sclater, 1860) C.t.zarumillanus Stolzmann, 1926 C.t.napensis Chapman, 1925 C.t.notabilis J.T. Zimmer, 1934 C.t.snethlageae J.T. Zimmer, 1934 C.t.major Ridgway, 1911 C.t.trochilirostris (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1820) C.t.devius J.T. Zimmer, 1934 C.t.lafresnayanus (d’Orbigny, 1846) C.t.hellmayri Laubmann, 1930 C.p.borealis Carriker, 1910 C.p.olivaceus Griscom, 1927 C.p.pusillus (P.L. Sclater, 1860) C.p.procurvoides (Lafresnaye, 1850) C.p.probatus J.T. Zimmer, 1934 C.p.multostriatus (E. Snethlage, 1907) C.c.corvina (Shaw, 1809) C.c.caliginosa Friedmann & Bowen, 1933 U.m.aequatorialis Reichenow, 1887 L.b.sicarius Bangs & Peters, 1928 L.c.confusus L.c.nigricapillus Delacour, 1926 L.s.caniceps Blyth, 1846 L.s.bentet Horsfield, 1822 L.s.nasutus Scopoli, 1786 L.s.suluensis L.s.stresemanni Mertens, 1923 L.t.lahulensis L.v.validirostris Ogilvie-Grant, 1894 L.v.tertius Salomonsen, 1953 L.v.hachisuka Ripley, 194913 L.l.migrans Palmer, 1898 L.l.ludovicianus Linnaeus, 1766 L.l.miamensis Bishop, 1933 L.l.anthonyi Mearns, 1898 L.l.mearnsi Ridgway, 1903 L.l.grinnelli Oberholser, 1919 L.l.mexicanus C.L. Brehm, 185416 L.e.borealis Vieillot, 180817 L.e.bianchii E. Hartert, 1907 L.e.mollis Eversmann, 1853 L.m.meridionalis Temminck, 1820 L.m.koenigi E. Hartert, 1901 L.m.algeriensis Lesson, 1839 L.m.theresae R. Meinertzhagen, 195320 L.m.buryi Lorenz & Hellmayr, 1901 L.m.uncinatus Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881 L.m.jebelmarrae Lynes, 192321 L.e.intercedens Neumann, 1905 L.c.marwitzi Reichenow, 190124 L.c.aridicolus Clancey, 1955 L.s.rutilans Temminck, 1840 V.p.semiflavus Salvin, 1863 V.p.montanus van Rossem, 1933 V.l.eleanorae Sutton & Burleigh, 1940 H.a.aurantiifrons Lawrence, 1862 H.o.pallidipectus (Ridgway, 1903) C.c.japonica Parrot, 1905 C.m.melanorhamphos (Vieillot, 1817) C.m.whiteae Mathews, 191276 S.c.cinerea Gould, 1837 S.c.dalyi Mathews, 1923 P.c.obscurus Prazák, 1894 P.f.berezowskii (Pleske, 1893)20 P.a.ptilosus Ogilvie-Grant, 1912 P.m.kleinschmidti Hellmayr, 1900 P.h.farleyi Godfrey, 1951 P.n.nitens (Cassin, 1857) P.n.centralis Neumann, 1904 P.a.suffusa Ripley, 1960 P.p.pristoptera (Rüppell, 1836) P.p.blanfordi Blundell & Lovat, 1899 P.p.antinorii Salvadori, 1884 P.p.oleaginea Neumann, 1904 P.p.mangbettorum Chapin, 1923 P.p.petiti Sharpe & Bouvier, 1876 P.p.ruwenzori Chapin, 1932 P.p.reichenowi Neumann, 1904 P.p.massaica Neumann, 1904 P.g.melbina (J. & E. Verreaux, 1851)5 P.g.griseopyga (Sundevall, 1850)6 P.b.borbonica (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) P.b.madagascariensis Hartlaub, 1860 R.p.maurItanica (Meade-Waldo, 1901) R.p.schoensis Reichenow, 19209 R.p.newtoni Bannerman, 1937 R.p.cowani (Sharpe, 1882) R.p.tantilla Riley, 1935 R.d.transbaykalica Goroshko, 1993 R.d.tibetana Stegmann, 1925 R.d.fohkienensis (La Touche, 1908)16 R.c.erlangeri Reichenow, 1905 R.c.parvula Amadon, 1954 R.c.cincta (Boddaert, 1783) T.e.euchrysea (Gosse, 1847) T.e.sclateri (Cory, 1884) P.c.warneri A.R. Phillips, 1986 P.c.macrorhamphus Brooke, 197421 P.t.fusca (Vieillot, 1817) P.c.peruviana Chapman, 1922 N.m.meridensis (Zimmer & Phelps, 1947) N.m.murina (Cassin, 1853) N.m.cyanodorsalis (Carriker, 1935) H.a.oroyae (Chapman, 1924) H.a.andecola (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) N.t.minima Chapman, 192425 N.t.tibialis (Cassin, 1853) S.s.fulvipennis (P.L. Sclater, 1859) S.s.ridgwayi Nelson, 1901 S.s.stuarti Brodkorb, 1942 S.r.decolor Griscom, 1929 S.r.uropygialis (Lawrence, 1863) S.r.aequalis Bangs, 1901 H.r.savignii Stephens, 1817 H.l.lucida Hartlaub, 185830 H.l.subalaris Reichenow, 1905 H.l.rothschildi Neumann, 1904 H.t.domicola Jerdon, 184432 H.t.frontalis Quoy & Gaimard, 1830 H.t.ambiens Mayr, 1934 H.t.subfusca Gould, 1856 H.t.tahitica J.F. Gmelin, 1789 H.n.carteri (Mathews, 1912) P.o.spatzi (Geyr von Schweppenburg, 1916) P.o.buchanani (E. Hartert, 1921) P.o.perpallida (Vaurie, 1951) P.o.pallida (Hume, 1872)41 P.f.anderssoni (Sharpe & Wyatt, 1887) P.f.fuligula (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1842) P.c.concolor (Sykes, 1832) D.d.nigrimentale (E. Hartert, 1910) D.n.nipalense Moore, 185447 C.a.abyssinica (Guérin-Méneville, 1843) C.a.unitatis (Sclater & Mackworth-Praed, 1918) C.d.erythropygia (Sykes, 1832) C.d.hyperythra (Blyth, 1849) C.d.melanocrissus Rüppell, 184551 C.d.emini (Reichenow, 1892) C.s.stanfordi (Mayr, 1941) C.s.vernayi (Kinnear, 1924) P.n.timoriensis Sharpe, 1885 P.n.neglecta Mathews, 1912 P.p.tachina Oberholser, 1903 P.f.citata Van Tyne, 1938 P.f.fulva (Vieillot, 1808)60 P.f.cavicola Barbour & Brooks, 191761 P.f.poeciloma (Gosse, 1847) P.f.puertoricensis Garrido, Peterson & Komar, 1999 P.r.aequatorialis Chapman, 192463 P.r.rufocollaris (Peale, 1848) M.c.chadensis Alexander, 1908 M.c.simplex (Heuglin, 1868) M.c.cantillans Blyth, 18453 M.j.beaulieui M.j.philippinensis Wardlaw Ramsay, 1886 M.j.mindanensis Hachisuka, 1931 M.j.javanica Horsfield, 1821 M.j.parva Swinhoe, 1871 M.j.timorensis Mayr, 1944 M.j.aliena Greenway, 19354 M.j.woodwardi Milligan, 1901 M.j.halli Bianchi, 19065 M.j.soderbergi Mathews, 1921 M.j.secunda Sharpe, 1890 M.a.henrici Bates, 1930 M.a.batesi Bannerman, 1923 M.a.stresemanni Bannerman, 1923 M.a.bamendae Serle, 1959 M.a.kurrae Lynes, 1923 M.a.sharpii Elliot, 1897 M.a.ruwenzoria Kinnear, 1921 M.a.athi E. Hartert, 1900 M.a.harterti Neumann, 1908 M.a.malbranti Chapin, 1946 M.a.chapini Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1939 M.a.occidentalis (Hartlaub, 1857)8 M.a.kabalii C.M.N. White, 1943 M.a.gomesi C.M.N. White, 19449 M.a.pallida Sharpe, 1902 M.a.ghansiensis (Roberts, 1932) M.a.nigrescens Reichenow, 1900 M.a.isolata Clancey, 195610 M.a.nyikae Benson, 1939 M.a.africana A. Smith, 183612 M.h.kathangorensis Cave, 1940 M.h.kidepoensis Macdonald, 1940 M.h.gallarum M.h.hypermetra (Reichenow, 1879) M.s.somalica (Witherby, 1903) M.a.angolensis Bocage, 1880 M.r.serlei C.M.N. White, 1960 M.r.tigrina Oustalet, 1892 M.r.furensis Lynes, 1923 M.r.sobatensis Lynes, 1914 M.r.rufocinnamomea (Salvadori, 1865) M.r.omoensis Neumann, 1928 M.r.kawirondensis van Someren, 1921 M.r.lwenarum C.M.N. White, 194516 M.r.pintoi C.M.N. White, 1956 M.r.mababiensis (Roberts, 1932) M.a.jappi Traylor, 1962 M.a.nata Smithers, 1955 M.a damarensis Sharpe, 187517 M.a.alopex Sharpe, 1890 M.a.macdonaldi C.M.N. White, 1953 M.a.trapnelli M.a.harei Roberts, 191720 M.a.sarwensis (Roberts, 1932) M.a.vincenti (Roberts, 1938) M.r.nigriticola Bates, 1932 M.r.rufa Lynes, 1920 M.r.lynesi Grant & Mackworth-Paed, 1933 M.s.plebeja (Cabanis, 1875) M.s.ansorgei W.L. Sclater, 1926 M.s.naevia (Strickland, 1853) M.s.waibeli Grote, 1922 M.s.herero (Roberts, 1936) M.s.bradfieldi (Roberts, 1928) M.e.sindiana M.e.erythroptera Blyth, 1845 C.b.kaokensis Bradfield, 1944 C.s.damarensis (Sharpe, 1904)27 C.s.bradshawi (Sharpe, 1904) C.s.subcoronata A. Smith, 1843 C.s.gilli Roberts, 1936 C.c.curvirostris (Hermann, 1783) C.c.falcirostris Reichenow, 1916 C.a.albescens (Lafresnaye, 1839) C.a.guttata (Lafresnaye, 1839) C.e.erythrochlamys C.e.barlowi (Roberts, 1937) C.a.obscurata (E. Hartert, 1907)32 C.a.erikssoni (E. Hartert, 1907) C.a.boweni (Meyer de Schauensee, 1931) C.a.arenaria (Reichenow, 1904) C.a.barlowi C.M.N. White, 196134 C.a.alticola Roberts, 193235 C.a.garrula (A. Smith, 1846)37 A.a.boavistae E. Hartert, 1917 A.a.alaudipes (Desfontaines, 1789) A.a.desertorum (Stanley, 1814) A.a.doriae (Salvadori, 1868) A.h.altera Witherby, 1905 A.h.tertia Stephenson Clarke, 1919 A.h.hamertoni Witherby, 1905 M.c.calandra (Linnaeus, 1766) M.c.gaza R. Meinertzhagen, 191938 A.c.cinctura (Gould, 1839)42 A.c.arenicolor Sundevall, 185143 A.c.zarudnyi A.p.phoenicura (Franklin, 1831) A.p.testacea Koelz, 1951 A.d.payni E. Hartert, 1924 A.d.whitakeri E. Hartert, 1911 A.d.mya E. Hartert, 1912 A.d.kollmanspergeri Niethammer, 1955 A.d.deserti (M.H.K. Lichtenstein, 1823)46 A.d.erythrochroa Reichenow, 1904 A.d.samharensis Shelley, 1902 A.d.taimuri Meyer de Schauensee & Ripley, 1953 A.d.assabensis Salvadori, 1902 A.d.akeleyi Elliot, 1897 A.d.azizi Ticehurst & Cheesman, 1924 A.d.saturata Ogilvie-Grant, 1900 A.d.insularis Ripley, 1951 A.d.annae R. Meinertzhagen, 1923 A.d.coxi R. Meinertzhagen, 192347 A.d.cheesmani R. Meinertzhagen, 1923 A.d.darica Koelz, 195148 A.d.parvirostris E. Hartert, 1890 A.d.iranica Zarudny, 1911 A.d.phoenicuroides A.g.hoeschi Niethammer, 1955 A.g.grayi (Wahlberg, 1855) C.b.rubiginosa Fromholz, 1913 C.b.woltersi Kumerloeve, 1969 C.b.orientalis C.b.eremica (Reichenow & Peters, 1935)52 C.b.blanfordi C.b.erlangeri (Neumann, 1906) C.b.daroodensis C.M.N. White, 196053 C.c.williamsi C.c.spleniata (Strickland, 1853) C.c.millardi Paterson, 195856 C.a.tibetana W.E. Brooks, 1880 C.r.raytal (Blyth, 1845) C.r.krishnarkumarsinhji Vaurie & Dharmakumarsinhji, 1954 C.r.rufescens (Vieillot, 1820) C.r.apetzii (A.E. Brehm, 1857) C.r.nicolli E. Hartert, 1909 C.c.persica (Sharpe, 1890)60 C.c.leucophaea Severtsov, 1872 C.s.perconfusa C.M.N. White, 196062 C.s.somalica (Sharpe, 1895)63 C.s.megaensis Benson, 1946 C.s.athensis S.c.damarensis Roberts, 1922 S.c.crypta (Irwin, 1957) S.c.makawai (Traylor, 1962) S.c.harti (Benson, 1964) S.p.personata Sharpe, 1895 S.p.mcchesneyi (Williams, 1957) S.p.intensa (Rothschild, 1931) E.d.eremodites R. Meinertzhagen, 1923 P.f.fremantlii (Lort Phillips, 1897) P.f.megaensis Benson, 1946 P.f.delamerei Sharpe, 1900 G.c.pallida (C.L. Brehm, 1858) G.c.neumanni Hilgert, 1907 G.c.apuliae von Jordans, 1935 G.c.cypriaca Bianchi, 1907 G.c.kleinschmidti (Erlanger, 1899) G.c.riggenbachi E. Hartert, 1902 G.c.carthaginis Kleinschmidt & Hilgert, 1905 G.c.macrorhyncha Tristram, 1859 G.c.arenicola Tristram, 1859 G.c.festae E. Hartert, 1922 G.c.helenae Lavauden, 1926 G.c.jordansi Niethammer, 1955 G.c.nigricans (C.L. Brehm, 1855) G.c.maculata C.L. Brehm, 1858 G.c.halfae Nicoll, 1921 G.c.altirostris (C.L. Brehm, 1855) G.c.somaliensis Reichenow, 1907 G.c.balsaci De Keyser & Villiers, 1950 G.c.alexanderi Neumann, 190869 G.c.isabellina Bonaparte, 1850 G.c.cinnamomina E. Hartert, 1904 G.c.leautungensis (Swinhoe, 1861) G.c.coreensis (Taczanowski, 1888) G.c.lynesi Whistler, 1928 G.c.chendoola (Franklin, 1831) G.t.theklae (A.E. Brehm, 1857)70 G.t.erlangeri E. Hartert, 1904 G.t.theresae R. Meinertzhagen, 1939 G.t.praetermissa (Blanford, 1869) G.t.ellioti E. Hartert, 1897 G.t.huriensis Benson, 1947 G.m.nigrita (Grote, 1920) G.m.struempelli (Reichenow, 1901) G.m.bucolica (Hartlaub, 1887) G.m.magnirostris (Stephens, 1826) G.m.montivaga (Vincent, 1948) L.a.arborea (Linnaeus, 1758) A.a.arvensis Linnaeus, 1758 A.a.sierrae Weigold, 1913 A.a.harterti Whitaker, 1904 A.g.australis W.E. Brooks, 1873 A.g.coelivox Swinhoe, 1859 A.g.sala Swinhoe, 1870 A.g.wattersi Swinhoe, 1871 A.g.wolfei Hachisuka, 1930 E.l.leucotis (Stanley, 1814) E.s.harrisoni E.v.khama Irwin, 1957 E.v.harti Benson & Irwin, 1965 E.n.nigriceps (Gould, 1839)86 E.n.albifrons E.n.affinis (Blyth, 1867) E.a.arcticola (Oberholser, 1902) E.a.alpina (Jewett, 1943) E.a.hoyti (Bishop, 1896) E.a.alpestris (Linnaeus, 1758) E.a.enthymia E.a.praticola (Henshaw, 1884) E.a.strigata (Henshaw, 1884) E.a.merrilli (Dwight, 1890) E.a.lamprochroma (Oberholser, 1932) E.a.utahensis (Behle, 1938) E.a.sierrae (Oberholser, 1920) E.a.rubea (Henshaw, 1884) E.a.insularis (Dwight, 1890) E.a.enertera E.a.aphrasta E.a.diaphora E.a.chrysolaema (Wagler, 1831) E.a.oaxacae (Nelson, 1897) E.a.peregrina (P.L. Sclater, 1855) E.a.atlas (Whitaker, 1898) E.a.przewalskii (Bianchi, 1904) E.a.balcanica (Reichenow, 1895) E.a.bicornis (C.L. Brehm, 1842) E.a.elwesi (Blanford, 1872) E.a.khamensis (Bianchi, 1904) E.a.nigrifrons I.p.puella (Latham, 1790) I.p.malayensis F. Moore, 1854 I.p.turcosa Walden, 1870 I.p.tweeddalei Sharpe, 1877 I.c.cyanogastra Vigors, 1831 I.c.ellae Steere, 1890 I.c.hoogstraali Rand, 1948 I.c.melanochlamys Sharpe, 1877 C.a.albobrunneus (Lawrence, 1862) C.z.zonatus (Lesson, 1832)2 C.z.restrictus (Nelson, 1901) C.z.vulcanius (Brodkorb, 1940) C.z.costaricensis Berlepsch, 1888 C.z.panamensis (Griscom, 1927) C.z.brevirostris Lafresnaye, 1845 C.m.megalopterus Lasfresnaye, 1845 C.m.nelsoni (Ridgway, 1903) C.n.pardus P.L. Sclater, 1858 C.n.brevipennis Lawrence, 1866 C.n.nuchalis Cabanis, 1847 C.f.pallescens Lafresnaye, 1846 C.f.fasciatus (Swainson, 1838) C.g.albicilius (Bonaparte, 1854) C.g.bicolor (Pelzeln, 1875) C.g.minor (Cabanis, 1851) C.g.pallidus Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1947 C.r.rufinucha (Lesson, 1838) C.r.rufum Nelson, 1897 C.r.humilis P.L. Sclater, 1856 C.r.nigricaudatus (Nelson, 1897) C.r.xerophilus Griscom, 1930 C.r.castaneus Ridgway, 1888 C.b.bryanti (Anthony, 1894) C.b.affinis Xantús de Vesey, 18594 C.b.seri (van Rossem, 1932) C.b.anthonyi Mearns, 1902 C.b.brunneicapillus (Lafresnaye, 1835) C.b.guttatus (Gould, 1837)5 C.t.aenigmaticus Meyer de Schauensee, 1948 C.t.hypostictus Gould, 1855 C.t.turdinus (Wied, 1821) C.t.unicolor Lafresnaye, 1846 O.b.minor (Hartert, 1900) S.o.proximus Swarth, 1914 S.o.tenuirostris van Rossem, 1943 S.o.guadeloupensis Ridgway, 1876 S.o.neglectus Nelson, 1897 S.o.guttatus Salvin & Godman, 1891 S.o.fasciatus Salvin & Godman, 1891 S.o.costaricensis van Rossem, 1941 C.m.conspersus Ridgway, 1873 C.m.punctulatus Ridgway, 1882 C.m.mexicanus (Swainson, 1829) C.m.meliphonus Oberholser, 1930 C.u.unirufa (Lafresnaye, 1840) C.u.chakei Aveledo & Ginés, 1952 C.o.bogotensis (Matschie, 1885) C.f.fitzpatricki Remsen & Brumfield, 1998 C.f.fulva (P.L. Sclater, 1874) C.f.gravesi Remsen & Brumfield, 1998 C.p.stellaris (J.F. Naumann, 1823) C.p.tinnulus R.T. Moore, 1941 C.p.elegans Sclater & Salvin, 1859 C.p.lucidus Ridgway, 1903 C.p.falklandicus Chapman, 1934 C.p.dissaeptus Bangs, 1902 13 C.p.iliacus Ridgway, 1903 14 C.p.laingi (Harper, 1926) C.p.palustris (A. Wilson, 1810)15 C.p.marianae W.E.D. Scott, 1888 C.p.plesius Oberholser, 1897 C.p.pulverius Aldrich, 1946 C.p.tolucensis (Nelson, 1904) C.p.paludicola S.F. Baird, 1864 C.p.aestuarinus (Swarth, 1917) T.b.calophonus Oberholser, 1898 T.b.marinensis Grinnell, 1910 T.b.spilurus (Vigors, 1839) T.b.drymoecus Oberholser, 1898 T.f.melanogaster Sharpe, 1881 T.f.fasciatoventris Lafresnaye, 1845 T.e.euophrys P.L. Sclater, 1860 T.e.longipes J.A. Allen, 1889 T.e.atriceps (Chapman, 1924) T.g.macrurus J.A. Allen, 1889 T.g.genibarbis Swainson, 1838 T.g.juruanus H. von Ihering, 1905 T.g.intercedens Hellmayr, 1908 T.g.bolivianus (Todd, 1913) T.l.grisescens (Griscom, 1932) T.l.leucopogon (Salvadori & Festa, 1899) T.m.modestus Cabanis, 186023 T.s.superciliaris Lawrence, 1869 T.s.baroni (Hellmayr, 1902) T.l.bahiae (Hellmayr, 1903) T.l.longirostris Vieillot, 1818 T.a.intermedius Cabanis, 1860 T.a.beani Ridgway, 1885 T.a.mesoleucus (P.L. Sclater, 1876) T.a.grenadensis (Lawrence, 1878) T.o.ochraceus Ridgway, 1882 H.l.capitalis Nelson, 1897 M.u.duidae Chapman, 1929 M.u.lunatipectus Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 D.a.brachypterus Madarász, 1913 D.a.albovittatus d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 R.m.rufiventris (Bonaparte, 1838)1 C.b.mauritanica Witherby, 1905 C.b.dorotheae E. Hartert, 1904 S.s.emini Hartlaub, 1884 M.g.gundlachii Cabanis, 1855 M.g.hillii March, 1863 T.r.longicauda (S.F. Baird, 1858) T.l.sennetti (Ridgway, 1888) T.l.longirostre (Lafresnaye, 1838) T.c.mearnsi (Anthony, 1895) T.c.cinereum (Xantús de Vesey, 1860) T.o.ocellatum (P.L. Sclater, 1862) T.r.sonomae Grinnell, 1915 T.l.arenicola (Anthony, 1897)8 R.b.brachyurus (Vieillot, 1818) R.b.sanctaeluciae Cory, 1887 M.c.caerulescens (Swainson, 1827) M.c.longirostris Nelson, 1898 C.g.gutturalis (Lafresnaye, 1843) C.g.macrorhyncha P.L. Sclater, 1866 A.m.circumscripta (A.B. Meyer, 1884) A.f.heureka Meise, 1929 A.f.feadensis (E.P. Ramsay, 1882) A.m.magna (Schlegel, 1871) A.m.brevicauda (van Oort, 1908) A.g.malaitae Mayr, 1931 A.s.striata (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) A.s.atronitens G.R. Gray, 1859 A.m.sulaensis (Sharpe, 1890) A.m.todayensis (Mearns, 1905)10 A.o.guami Momiyama, 1922 A.t.pachyrampha Mayr, 194211 †A.f.fusca Gould, 1836 †?A.f.hulliana Mathews, 191212 S.c.calvus (Linnaeus, 1766) G.r.indica (Cuvier, 1829) A.c.cristatellus (Linnaeus, 1766) 23 A.f.mahrattensis (Sykes, 1832) A.t.melanosternus Legge, 1879 A.m.melanopterus (Daudin, 1800) A.m.tricolor (Horsfield, 1821) A.m.tertius (E. Hartert, 1896) S.b.burmannicus (Jerdon, 1862) S.m.blythii (Jerdon, 1844) S.e.andamanensis (Tytler, 1867) S.e.erythropygius (Blyth, 1846) S.v.faroensis Feilden, 1872 L.n.nitens (Linnaeus, 1766) L.c.chalybaeus Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828 L.c.chalcurus Nordmann, 1835 L.s.chrysonotis Swainson, 1837 L.p.purpureus (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776) L.p.aeneocephalus Heuglin, 1863 L.r.regius (Reichenow, 1879) L.r.magnificus (van Someren, 1924) L.a.acuticaudus (Bocage, 1870) S.a.albicapillus Blyth, 1856 S.a.horeensis Keith, 1964 O.t.tenuirostris (Rüppell, 1836) O.f.fulgidus Hartlaub, 1849 O.w.preussi Reichenow, 1892 O.n.modicus Bates, 1932 P.k.bensoni (van Someren, 1945) P.k.kenricki Shelley, 1894 N.g.gutturalis (Bocage, 1871) N.g.angusta Friedmann, 1930 B.a.langi Chapin, 1921 Z.d.horsfieldi (Bonaparte, 1857) Z.t.turipavae Cain & Galbraith, 1955 Z.m.atrata Delacour & Greenway, 1939 M.e.elisabeth (Lembeye, 1850) M.g.solitarius S.F. Baird, 1866 M.r.plumbeiceps Hellmayr, 1921 M.u.unicolor P.L. Sclater, 1857 M.u.pallens Miller & Griscom, 1925 C.l.gularis Salvin & Godman, 1882 C.g.gracilirostris Salvin, 1865 C.u.oedicus (Oberholser, 1899) T.n.subalaris (Seebohm, 1887) F.c.moreletti Pucheran, 1859 F.t.teydea Webb, Berthelot & Moquin-Tandon, 1841 F.t.polatzeki E. Hartert, 1905 S.c.flavivertex (Blanford, 1869) S.c.citrinelloides Rüppell, 1840 S.c.hildegardae Rand & Traylor, 1959 S.s.transvaalensis Roberts, 1940 S.a.xanthopygius Rüppell, 1840 S.m.caniceps (d’Orbigny, 1839) S.a.crocopygius (Sharpe, 1871) S.r.striatipectus (Sharpe, 1891) S.g.canicapilla 20(Du Bus, 1855)21 S.s.graueri E. Hartert, 1907 S.b.burtoni (G.R. Gray, 1862) S.r.rufobrunneus (G.R. Gray, 1862) S.r.thomensis (Bocage, 1888) S.e.vanderbilti Meyer de Schauensee, 1939 S.e.mindanensis Ripley & Rabor, 1961 L.o.olivaceus (Fraser, 1842) R.s.louisae Lort Phillips, 1897 C.c.harrisoni (Clancey, 1940)26 C.c.turkestanica (Zarudny, 1907) C.s.sinica (Linnaeus, 1766) C.s.heinrichi Stresemann, 1940 C.a.taylori (Kinnear, 1939) C.p.pinus (A. Wilson, 1810) C.p.macroptera (Bonaparte, 1850) C.s.spinescens (Bonaparte, 1850)35 C.s.capitanea (Bangs, 1898) C.s.nigricauda (Chapman, 1912) C.c.amadoni (George, 1964) C.c.crassirostris (Landbeck, 1877) C.m.capitalis (Cabanis, 1866) C.x.xanthogastra (Du Bus, 1855)37 C.x.stejnegeri (Sharpe, 1888) C.t.tristis (Linnaeus, 1758) C.p.hesperophila (Oberholser, 1903) C.c.parva Tschusi, 1901 C.c.corsicana (Koenig, 1899)42 L.t.griseonucha (J.F. Brandt, 1842) R.s.alienus Whitaker, 1897 B.g.amantum (E. Hartert, 1903) C.n.kangrae (Whistler, 1939) C.p.purpureus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) C.m.frontalis (Say, 1823)59 C.p.pulcherrimus (F. Moore, 1856) C.v.formosanus Ogilvie-Grant, 1911 C.r.rodopeplus (Vigors, 1831) C.t.blythi (Biddulph, 1882) C.r.rubicilla (Güldenstädt, 1775) P.n.nipalensis Hodgson, 1836 P.l.leucogenis Ogilvie-Grant, 189574 P.p.griseiventris Lafresnaye, 1841 E.m.sowerbyi Riley, 1915 E.p.personata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1848) H.v.virens (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) D.d.discolor (Vieillot, 1809) D.d.paludicola A.H. Howell, 1930 M.b.maguirei Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 1961 P.d.melanterus (Todd, 1917) P.a.salmoni (P.L. Sclater, 1883) P.w.wagleri (G.R. Gray, 1845) P.w.ridgwayi (van Rossem, 1934) P.b.yuracares (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838) P.b.neivae (E. Snethlage, 1925) C.c.vitellinus (Lawrence, 1864) C.h.affinis (Swainson, 1834) C.u.microrhynchus (Sclater & Salvin, 1864) C.u.uropygialis (Lafresnaye, 1843) A.h.holosericeus (Deppe, 1830) I.i.jamaicaii (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) I.m.mesomelas (Wagler, 1829) I.c.cayanensis (Linnaeus, 1766) I.p.prosthemelas (Strickland, 1850) I.s.fuertesi Chapman, 1911 I.c.nelsoni Ridgway, 18857 I.w.castaneopectus Brewster, 1888 I.c.chrysater (Lesson, 1844) I.g.audubonii Giraud, 1841 I.p.microstictus Griscom, 1934 I.p.interior A.R. Phillips, 199515 I.n.nigrogularis (Hahn, 1819) I.g.tamaulipensis Ridgway, 1901 L.t.guianensis Cabanis, 1849 G.c.sulcirostris (Spix, 1824) C.c.curaeus (Molina, 1782) C.c.xenicus (Parkes, 1966) C.t.alticola (Todd, 1932) C.r.frontalis (Vieillot, 1819) C.r.ruficapillus (Vieillot, 1819) C.i.bogotensis (Chapman, 1914) C.i.icterocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766) A.b.fringillarius (Spix, 1824) M.o.impacifa (J.L. Peters, 1929) M.o.oryzivorus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) M.a.loyei Parkes & Blake, 1965 M.b.cabanisii Cassin, 1866 M.a.artemisiae Grinnell, 1909 M.a.obscurus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789)23 M.a.ater (Boddaert, 1783) A.h.humeralis (Vigors, 1827) A.h.scopulus Garrido, 1970 A.x.xanthomus (P.L. Sclater, 1862) A.x.monensis Barnés, 1945 E.c.carolinus (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776) E.c.nigrans Burleigh & Peters, 1948 Q.m.nelsoni (Ridgway, 1901) Q.m.torreyi (Harper, 1935) Q.n.caribaeus (Todd, 1916) S.b.bellicosa Filippi, 1847 S.b.albipes (Philippi & Landbeck, 1861) S.l.loyca (Molina, 1782)32 S.m.magna (Linnaeus, 1758) S.m.lilianae Oberholser, 1930 E.g.decolorata Sushkin, 1925 E.i.impetuani A. Smith, 1836 E.t.arabica (Lorenz & Hellmayr, 1902) E.c.vincenti (P.R. Lowe, 1932) E.f.kuatunensis La Touche, 1925 E.f.flavigaster Cretzschmar, 1828 E.y.yessoensis (Swinhoe, 1874) M.g.ericrypta Oberholser, 1938 M.g.georgiana (Latham, 1790) Z.l.leucophrys (J.R. Forster, 1772)32 J.h.insularis Ridgway, 187634 J.p.palliatus Ridgway, 1885 P.s.labradorius Howe, 1901 P.s.rufofuscus Camras, 1940 A.n.alter (Todd, 1938)37 A.n.subvirgatus Dwight, 1887 A.c.caudacutus (J.F. Gmelin, 1788) A.c.diversus Bishop, 1901 A.h.susurrans (Brewster, 1918) A.h.henslowii (Audubon, 1829)39 M.a.apurensis Phelps & Gilliard, 1941 S.a.ochracae Brewster, 1882 S.a.arborea (A. Wilson, 1810) S.p.arenacea Chadbourne, 188642 S.a.evura Coues, 1866 P.g.gramineus (J.F. Gmelin, 1789) A.b.bilineata (Cassin, 1850) A.r.acuminata (Salvin & Godman, 1886) A.s.dabbenei (Hellmayr, 1912) A.s.strigiceps (Gould, 1841)46 A.c.carpalis (Coues, 1873) A.a.bachmani (Audubon, 1833) A.b.arizonae (Ridgway, 1873) A.r.antonensis van Rossem, 1942 A.q.septentrionalis van Rossem, 1934 A.q.quinquestriata (Sclater & Salvin, 1868) T.i.inexpectata Barbour & Peters, 1927 O.s.palliatus (van Rossem, 1938) O.s.superciliosus (Swainson, 1838) P.p.chloronotus Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896 P.p.punensis Ridgway, 1887 P.g.gayi (Gervais, 1834) P.g.minor Philippi & Goodall, 1957 P.g.caniceps Burmeister, 1860 P.f.peruvianus J.T. Zimmer, 1924 P.u.nivarius (Bangs, 1899) P.p.ocularis P.L. Sclater, 1859 M.m.princetoniana (W.E.D. Scott, 1900) M.m.melanodera (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) M.x.barrosi Chapman, 1923 M.x.xanthogramma (G.R. Gray, 1839) H.r.uniformis Sclater & Salvin, 1873 N.a.acunhae Cabanis, 1873 N.w.wilkinsi P.R. Lowe, 1923 N.w.dunnei Hagen, 1952 D.s.magnirostris Carriker, 1935 D.d.crassirostris Hellmayr, 1932 P.h.hypochondria (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) P.h.affinis Berlepsch, 1906 P.e.cochabambae Gyldenstolpe, 1942 P.e.erythrophrys P.L. Sclater, 1881 P.n.whitii P.L. Sclater, 1883 P.n.wagneri Stolzmann, 1926 P.l.lateralis (Nordmann, 1835) P.t.torquata (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) S.o.salvini (Chubb, 1919) S.c.columbiana Cabanis, 1851 V.j.jacarina (Linnaeus, 1766) V.j.peruviensis (Peale, 1848) S.s.subconcolor Berlioz, 1959 S.p.colombiana (Sharpe, 1888) S.c.hoffmannii Cabanis, 1861 S.c.ophthalmica (P.L. Sclater, 1860) S.t.sharpei Lawrence, 1889 S.c.ochrascens Hellmayr, 1904 S.l.mexianae Hellmayr, 1912 S.p.devronis (J. Verreaux, 1852) S.p.peruviana (Lesson, 1842) S.b.bouvreuil (P.L. Statius Müller, 1776) O.m.magnirostris Phelps & Phelps, Jr., 195078 O.m.maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851) O.m.occidentalis P.L. Sclater, 1860 O.a.gigantirostris Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1939 A.c.relicta (Griscom, 1934) M.n.nigra (Linnaeus, 1758) M.n.taylori E. Hartert, 1896 C.a.alpica Bangs, 1902 C.i.mucuchiesi Phelps & Gilliard, 1941 C.h.duncani (Chubb, 1921) T.o.haplochroma (Todd, 1912) T.b.bicolor (Linnaeus, 1766) T.f.fumosus (Lawrence, 1874) L.p.portoricensis (Daudin, 1800) †L.p.grandis Lawrence, 1881 L.v.violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) L.n.coryi (Ridgway, 1898) C.p.habeli Sclater & Salvin, 1870 B.b.apertus (Wetmore, 1942) B.b.brunneinuchus (Lafresnaye, 1839)104 A.a.albinucha (d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838) A.a.griseipectus Dwight & Griscom, 1921 H.f.insignis (P.L. Sclater, 1856) S.s.ochraceiventris Berlepsch, 1912