Zoological Citation Notes --Y

• Conventionally cited to 1767, which is the imprint date for this volume of the Philos.Trans.; Vol 57 is the "December" volume of the Transactions.
• The Richmond Index has a note indicating that this was published in 1768, which prompted further investigation.
• Forster's paper (pp.312-357)

  XXXIII. Specimen Hiſtoriae Naturalis Vol-
  genſis. Auctore J. R. Forſter

  notes at the beginning (p.312)

  Read June 18, 1767 

  and at the end of the article (p.357) notes

  Dabam Londini, die xxvii Febr. anni 1767

• However, the final paper (pp.517-536) in this volume notes (p.517)

  Title read December 17, 1767

  but it notes that the paper itself was

  Read Feb. 4, 1768

• Therefore, with regards to Forster's paper, a date of 1767 can hold only if it is demonstrated that the individual articles were published separately prior to publication of the volume as a whole.
• A fundamental lesson is evident in this case. Many workers stress the importance of examining the original descriptions (though in fact this is very rarely done). It is however only a half-truth, but is a belief that has lead many workers badly astray. It is more correct to indicate that the original work must be examined, as very often there are indications within the work, but apart from the original description itself, that are necessary to a proper understanding of the disposition of the publication. In literature from the 18^th, 19^th and early 20^th centuries, often it is necessary to examine multiple copies of "the work" to understand the true state of affairs.
• Subsequent to the work noted above, I (belatedly) look this name up in Sherborn's Index Animalium. Sherborn dates this to 1768 which appers to lend considerable support to the use of that date.

• Arcese, P., M. K. Sogge, A. B. Marr, and M. A. Patten. 2002. Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia). In The Birds of North America, No. 704 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. in discussing M.m.adusta place M.m.yuriria in synonomy.

• Cited by Peters Checklist 14:143 (Blake) to Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny.
• H&M 3^rd:769 lists the authority in the opposite order, as d'Orbigny & Lafresnay. The standard of H&M 3^rd seems to demand that others justify the tiniest departure from citations as given by the Peters checklist. A requirement that H&M 3^rd does not appear to meet itself. H&M 3^rd may justify this "departure from Peters" somewhere, but I certainly can't find it.
• The order d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye is that given by the Richmond Index, which is the justification I use for the order that I employ.

• Peters Checklist 8:195 lists the volume number as 22, on p.19 the list the volume number for a bird (Empidonax atrirostris form p.234 in the same year as from volume 23.
• Volume 23 makes sense for the volume for 1871.
• Thanks to Colin Jones for recognizing this.

• Not in Peters Checklist Vol.13.
• Sibley & Monroe, and Wolters attribute this taxon to "Ihering", and this is also followed by "Nomina". 1998. Andrew & McAllen.
• The Richmond index in the entry for Emberizoides macrourus ypiranganus lists "H & R von Ihering" and is the citation I give here.

Aramides ypecaha spelling

• Bowdler Sharpe in the Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum. vol.23, spells the specific epithet "ypacaha" both in the species listing and the citation.
• Sherborn lists a "Rallus ypacaha" C. Dumont. Dict. Sci. Nat. XLIV, 1826 p.418" as well as the "ypecaha" 1819 Vieillot.

• Peters Checklist 14:240 (Howell, Paynter, and Rand) gives the authors name in parentheses "(Audubon)", and lists a synonomy:
  • Fringilla mexicana Audubon, Ornith.Biogr., 5, p. 282, pl. 433, fig. 4 -- "Upper California." Not Carduelis mexicanus Swainson, 1827.
  • Carduelis yarrellii Audubon, 1839, Syn. Birds. N. Amer. p. 117 -- "Upper California" [error]; Bahia, Brazil, designated by Todd, 1926, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 17, p.32
• The synonomy in the Cat.BirdsBr.Mus. 12 p.198 is similar, differing in that the name is spelled with one "i", as yarrelli.
• Cabanis & Heine Mus. Heineanum Th.1 p.159 list this taxon in Astralginus which they erect there. They spell the name:
• • "A. Yarrelli."
  • " Carduelis Yarrellii Audub."
• (I do not find a listing for Carduelis yarrellii in the Richmond Index.)

Comments&Suggestions to Data Steward
Alan P. Peterson, M.D.
POB 1999
Walla Walla, WA 99362-0999