Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum
Volume XVII
1892
eBooks von / from Digitalisiert von / Digitised by
Humboldt-Universität zu
Berlin
CATALOGUE
OF THE
BIRDS
BRITISH MUSEUM.
VOLUME XVII.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
1892,
* «
CATALOGUE
OF THE
P I C A R I M
IN THE
COLLECTION
BRITISH MUSEUM.
CORACIJl (contin.) AND HALCYONES,
WITH THE FAMILIES
LEPTOSOMATHLE, CORACIID^E, MEEOPID^E,
ALCEDINIDJE, MOMOTIDJE, TODIDJS, AND COLIIDJE,
BY
R. BOWDLER SHARPE.
BUCEROTES AND TROGONES 2
BY
W. R. OGILVIE GRANT.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUS1
SOLD BY
LONG-MAN'S & Co., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW;
B. QUARTICH, 15 PICCADILLY; DULAU & Co., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W. ;
KEGAN PAUL & Co., PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD;
AND AT THE
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W.
1892.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED HON COURT, FLEET STREET.
PREFACE.
THE present Yolume contains an account of the remaining families
of the suborder Goracice as understood by Seebohm, as well as of
the Halcyones, Bucerotes, and Trogones.
The numbers of the species of the nine families treated of, and of
the specimens at present in the Collection, are as follows :—
Species. Itypes- Specimens.
Leptosomatidse 2 .. 16
Coraciidse, 25 7 663
Meropidse 36 5 692
Alcedinidse 183 57 3679
Momotidse 21 7 347
Todidas 5 1 41
Collide 10 2 104
BucerotidaB 68 12 1079
Trogonidao 47 19 1283
397 110 7904
Of these 397 species, only 16 are wanting to the collection of the
Museum, and more than one-fourth of them are represented by the
types; but besides these there are 30 other typical specimens
now considered identical with previously named species.
In many cases the series of specimens is sufficiently complete
to illustrate the whole geographical range of a species—a result
chiefly due to the accession of the great faunistic collections referred
PREFACE.
to in the previous volumes, and also to numerous recent donations,
of which those made by the Lords of the Admiralty, Dr. Jayakar,
W. D. Gumming, Esq., and Captain Mochler Ferryman should be
specially mentioned. The Tweeddale Collection contained nearly
the whole of the materials described in Dr. Sharpe's Monograph of
the Alcedinidce.
ALBEBT GOTIHEB,
Keeper of the Department of Zoology.
British Museum (N. H.)>
June 1, 1892.
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Order PICAKI^
(contin.).
Suborder COKACLE
(eimtin.).
Fain. LEPTOSOMATIDJE,
1. Leptosonia, V. 1
I. discolor (Herm.) .... 1
a. gracile, Milne-JEdw. fy
Oust 3
Fam, CoRACiiDiE.
Subfam. I. BKACHYPTEBACIIK^.
1. Brachypteracias, Lafr.
1. leptosonius (Less.)..
2. Geobiastes, Sharpe
1. squamigera (Lafr.)
3. Atelornis, Pucher
1. pittoides (Lafr.) ..
2. crossleyi, Sharpe ..
Subfam. II. COBACIINJE.
4. Coracias, L 9
1. indicus, L 10
2. affinis, McClell. 13
3. garrulus, L 15
4. abyssinicus, Bodd. 19
5. lorti, Shelley ... . 20,498
6. caudatus, L 21
7. spatulatus, Trimen 22
8. naevius. Baud. .. 24, 498
9. olivaceiceps, Sharpe .. 25
10. temmincki (Vieill.) .. 26
11. cyanogaster, Cuv 27
5. Eurystomus, V. 28
1. glaucurus (P. L. S.
Mull) 29
2. afer (Lath.) 30
3. gularis, Vieill 32
4. orientalis (L.) 33
a. lastior, Sharpe 36
5. australis, Swains 36
6. calonyx, Hodgs 38
7. crassirostris, Scl 39
8. solomonensis, Sharpe.. 40
9. azureus, Gray 40
Fam. MEEOPJBJ,
1. Dicrocercus, Cab. # Heine 41
1. furcatus (Stanl.) .... 42
2. hirundmeus (Lieht.) .. 43
2. Melittophagus, Boie.. 44,498
1. meridionalis. Sharpe .. 45
2. pusillus (P. L.S.Mull.) 47
3. cyanostictus, C# &.. 48,498
4. variegatus (Vieill.) .. 48
5. lafresnayi (GuSrin) .. 49
5a. oreobates, Sharpe 498
6. gixlaiis (ShatofyNodder) 50
7. bullocld (Vieill.) .... 51
8. frenatus (Hartl) .... 52
9. boleslavsldi (Pelz.) 53
10. albifrons (Cab. $ Heine) 53
11. revoilii, Oust ... . 54,499
12. lescbenaultii (Vieill.).. 55
13. swinboii {Hume) .... 55
3. Merops, Linn 58
1. muelleri (Cass.) 59
2. bicolor, Bodd 60
3. sumatranus, JRffffl 61
4. apfaster, L 63
bYSTBMATTC TNTDUX.
3. Alcedo, L \40
1. ispida, L HI
a. flore.siana, Sharpe . . 15 i ~~
2. ispidoides, Less % 152
3. semiiorquata, Swains. . 153
4. eurvzona, Temm Lo4
5. graiidis, Blyth 150
6. guentheri, Sharpe .... 150 —
7. quadribrachys, Bp. . . 157
8. meninting, Horsf. 157
9. beavani, Wald 100
10. beryllma, Vieill. 101
4. Corythornis, Kaup 102
1. cristata {L.) 102
2. cyanostigina (Rilpp.) . 1(>3
3. galerita (P. L. S. Mall) 100
5. Alcyone, Swains. . :. .. . 1(57
1. azurea,(X^.) .'..... 108
a. pulchra, Gould . . . . ] 09
2. lessoni^ Cass 170
3. affinis* Gray 171
4. pusilla (Temm.) 171
5. ncliardsi, Tristr 172
SllbfaiU. IT. DACKLONINiE.
0. Ceyx, Lacep 173
l.'tridactyla (Pall.) 174
2. dillwynni, Sharpe .... 177
3 euerythra, Sharpe .... 179 *-—
4. kmomimita, Salvad. . , 180
5. melanura, Kaup...... ] 80
0. basilaolca, Steere .... 18 L
7. cajeli, Wallace 182
8. wallacii, Sharpe 182
9. lepida, Temm 183
10. sacerdotis, Mamsay , . 184
11. malaniaui, Sfeere .... 184
12. bournsi, Steere 185
13. cyairipectns, Lafr 185
14. steerii, Sharpe 18715.
argentata, Tweedd. .. 187
10. flumenicola, Steere .. 187
17. geutiana, Tristr 188
18. solitaria, Temm 188
7. Ceycopsis, Salvad. 190
1. fallax, Schl 190
8. Ispidina, Kaup ., 190
1. picta (Bodd.) ........ 191
2. natalensis (Smith).... 193
3. lencog&sier (Fraser) . . 193
4. madagaacariensis (X.) . 194
9. Myioceyx, Sharpe 195
1. ruficeps (Kartl.) .... 195
2. lecontii (Cass.) 190
5. pensions, Pall
0. Huperciliosus, X
7. philippiniiH, X
8. omatus, X«M. ..
9. albicollia, nW//
10. viridih, L
11. inuscattnihH Sharpe . . 8'2
12. cyan ipluy^O/Wj'/iVui. 83 j
13. boehmi, Meichen 83
14. natalensis, Reichenb. . , 84 |
15. nubicua, Gm 85, 499
<xTnialaccoii^i8, Sharpie .103 i
0. tioreaiana, Sharpe . . 103
10. malimbictifi, Shaw ....
17. breweri (Crist.)
4. Meropogon, Bp
1. forsteni, Bp
5. Nyi'tioriiis, Swains
J. athertoni, Jard. $r Selby
2. amicta (Temm.)
Suborder HALCYONES.
Fam. ALCEDINIDJE.
Subfam. I. ALCEDININJE.
1. Pelargopsis, Gloger
1. mglanQrliyucha
~"(Temm.)
2. amauro£tera {Pears.) .
3. lpucocepliaTa (firm.) . .
d. Inter media, Hume . .
£ gpuldi, Sharp? ....
y. gigantea, Wald
4. {junjg (Pears.)
y. burmanica, Sharpe..
d. mienTSharpe ....
2.
OepylSTFcS?
l.rudis(i.)
a. varift? Slriekl
2. lugubris (Temm.) ....
3. maxima (Pall.)
a.'snarpii, Gonld ....
4. torquata, L
00 j
70
71
74, 499
70
78 j
80
80 j
87 I
87
88 |
88 j
90 J
|
'
i
i
90
97 j
97 ,
98
99 i
*. atellata (Meyen) 128, 499
/3. s'tictlpennis, Lawr... 124 |
5. alcjon. (X.) ...... 125
6. aiiazona (Lath.) 129
7. americana (Gm.) 181
a. cabanis\ (Tschudi). ,134
100
100
101
104 I
106 ,
107 j
109 ,
112 I
115 j
118 I
L20 j
121
fi. aeptentrionalis,
Sharpe
&inda(£.)
9. supercilioaa (L.)
a. stietoptera, Midgut,
10.ffaquatonafifySharpe ..
134
137
138
. 139 ,
140
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
IX
Page I
Page
10. Syma, Less 196 29. pyrrhopygius, Gould
1. torotoro, Less 196
258,499
2. flavirostris (Gould) .. 197 30. cinnamominus, Swains. 259
11. Carcineutes, Cab. $ Heine 198 aTfaSgvSSxia^ Sharpe.. 260
1. pulchellus (Horsf.) .. 198 jS. mediqcris, Sharpe .. 260
2. melanops (Bp.) 200 31. reicEenEacH (Hartl.) . 261
12. Melidora, Less 201 32. australasioe (Vieill.) .. 261
1. maerorhina (Less,) .. 201 a. minor (Meyer) .... 262
2. jobiensis, Salvad. ... . 203 33. sacer (Gm.) 262
13. Clytoceyx, Sharps 203 34. julise (Heine) 264
1. rex, Sharpe 203 35. occipitalis (Blyth) 265
14. Dacelo, Leach 204 36. pealii, Mnsch $ Hartl 266
1. gigas (Bodd.) 204 37. tutuilse, Sharpe ...... 266 ~
2. leachu, Vig. §• Horsf.. 206 38. tannensis, Sharpe .... 266
a. cervina, Gould . 207,499 39. tristrami, Layard .... 267
jS. intermedia, iSalvad. . 208 f 40. sanctus (Via. & Horsf.)
15.
Sauromarptis, Cab. 8f - 267,500
Heine 209 41. yagans, Gray 271
1. gaudichandi (Q. # G.). 209 42. cassini, FinschfyHartl. 272
2. kubaryl", Meyer 211 43. chloris{Bodd.) 273
3. t$xo (Gray) 212 a. armstrongi, Sharpe . 277 —
16. Halcyon, Swains 213 jS. yidali, Sharpe.. 278
1. coromandus (Lath.) .. 217 y. abyssinicus (Licht) . 278
2. badlus ( Verr.) 221 44. sordidus, Gould 278
3. smyroensis (X.) 222 45. fofsfehl, Bonap 279
a. saturatior, Hume .. 226 46. solomonis, Ramsay .. 280
4. gularis (Kuhl) 227 47. suvensis,Sharpe 281
48. bnmii^ Sharpe 281
6. -p^^sdJBodd^ 229 aTm&^&n^Sharpe .... 282
7. eemicaeruleus (Forsh.) j9. davisoni, Sharpe .. 282 ***
~~m~"' 232,499 49. f onebris (Bonap.) .... 283
a. erythrogaster(#0w/<#) 234 50. bombroni (Bonap.) .. 284
8. palli4iventriaM(&6.) .. 235 51. concrete (Temm.)..., ^S5
9. allventris {Scop.) 236 62.1S^T(%.) 286
10. ofientalis (Peters) 238 faiSSSmfaJSteere 288
11. cnelicutensis (Stanl.).. 239 17. Todixbampbus, Less 288
12. irroratus, Reichenb. .. 242 1. yeneratus (Gm.) .... 288
13. senegalensis (X.) 242 2. youngi, Sharpe 289
a. cyanoleucus (Vieill.) 245 3. recurvirostris-s, Lafr. .. 290
14. torquatus, Swains 246 4. tutus (Gm.) 291
s a. Jbrbesi, Sharpe ... . 247 18. Oittura, Kaup 291
]3. malimbicus (Shaw) . 247 1. cyanotic (Temm.) 292
15. drag, Marti 248 2. sangbirensis, Sharpe .. 293
16. allaicillus (Cuv.) 249 19. Monacbalcyon, Reichenb.. 293
17. saWopKlgus, Gould .. 249 1. monacbus (Gi-ay) 294
^ 18. aSmiralitafis, Sharpe . 251 2. cYanocepbalus(i'brsto) 295
19. godeffiroyi, Mnsch ... . 251 3. fu%idua (Gould) .... 296
20. albonotatus, Ramsay.. 251 20. Tanysiptera, Vig 296
21. leucopygius (Verr,) .. 252 1. nympba, Gray 298
22. lazuli (Temm.) 252 2. danae, Sharpe 298
23.diops (Temm) 253 3. nTSfflceps, Scl 299
24. macleayi, Jard. & Selby 4. sylvia, Gould 300
254,499 5. salvadoriana, Ramsay . 301
25. wincbelli, Sharpe 255 6. doris, Wall. 301
26. nigricyaneus, Wall, .. 256 I 7. emftisz, Sharpe 30$(
27. stictolsemilS (Salvad.) . 257 ! 8. sabrina, Gray W
28. quadricolor (Oust.) .. 258 9. bydrocbarls,Gray .... 104
YOL. XYII.
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page
10. acis, Wall 305
11. ellioti, Shaipe 305
12. margaritaa, Heine. 306, 500
13. oHensis, Salvad 307
14. galalea, Gray 307
15. microrhyncha, Shaipe . 308
16. rosselliana, Tristr 309
17. meyeri, Salvad 309
18. deal(L.) 310, 500
19. riedeli, Terr 311
20. Carolines, Schl 312
Fam. MOMOTIDJ.
1. Urospatha, Salvad 314
1. martii (Spix) 314
2. Prionirhynchus, Scl 315
1. platyrhyncbus (Leadb.) 315
2. carinatus (Du Bus) .. 316
3. Eumomota, Scl. 317
1. superciliaris, Sandbach 317
4. Momotus, Briss 318
1. inomota (X.) ... . 319, 500
2. bartletti, Sharpe .... 320
3. subrufescens, Scl 321
4. nattereri, Scl 322
5. microstephanus, Scl. .. 322
6. aequatorialis, Gould .. 323
7. lessoni, Less 324
8. swainsoni, Scl 326
9. cseruleiceps {Gould) . . 327
10. mexicanus, Szvains. .. 328
11. castaneiceps, Gould .. 329
5.
Baryphthengus, Cab. $
Heine 330
Lruficapillii8(F«ei#.) .. 330
6. Aspatna, Sharpe 331
1. gularis (Lafr.) 331
7. Hylomanes, Licht 332
1. momotula, Licht 332
Fam. To BID .ZB.
1. Todus, Linn 333
1. viridis, L 334
2. subulatus, Gray 334
3. multicolor, Gould 335
4. pulcherrimus, Sharpe . 336
5.
nypochondriacus,
Bryant 336
Fam. CoLiiDiE.
Page
Sa. nigriscapalis, Reich.. . 500
4. leucotis, Hupp 341
5. affinis, Shelley .. 342, 500
6. ca&tanonotus,
J. fy B.
Terr 342
7. colius (X.) 343
8. erythromelon, Tieill.. . 344
Suborder BUCEROTES.
Fam. BUCEEOTIBJE.
Subfam. BucoBACiKiE.
1. Bucorax, Sundev 349
1. abyssinicus (Bodd.) .. 349
2. caS&r(SM.) 351
2. Buceros, L 352
1. rhinoceros, L 352
2. sihrestrls, T. 354
3. Diehoceros, Gloger 355
1. bicornis (L.) 355
4. Hydroaorax, Briss 357
1. bydrocQiax (L.) 358
2. mindanensis ( Ttveedd.) 359
3. semigaleeLtus (Ttveedd.) 360
5. Anthracoceros, ReicJmib.. 361
1. coronatus (Bodd.) 362
2. convexus (Temm.). . . 364
3. rualabdiicus (Gm.). . . 365
4. malayaDus (Raffi.). .. 368
5. montani (OustaL) 370
6. Gymnolsemus, Grant. ... 370
1. marchii (OustaL) 370
7. Penelopides, Reichenb. . . 371
1. nanini (Bodd.) 372
2. manilla (Bodd.). 373
3. minjlorensis, Steere .. 374
4. Q&M&,''Tweedd 375
5. basiTaiuca, Steere .... 375
6. samarensis, Steerey ... 376
7. exaratus (Tetnm.) .... 376
8. CTmoYTkmuSjCab.fyHeine 377
1. cassidix (Temm.) 377
2. leucocepnalus ( Tieill.) 378
3. corrugatus (Temm.) ., 379
4. waldeni, Sharpe. 380
9. Aceros, Hodgs 380
1. nepalensis^ (Hodgs.), .. 380
10. Knytidoceros, Reichenb... 382
1. xmd^^uBiSkaw) .... 382
2. sSExvScom (Blyth) . . 384
3. narcondami, Hume .. 386
1. Colius, Briss 338 4. pHcatugjJfortf.).. 386, 50Q
1. striatus, Gm 339 11. Cerafogymna, Bp 388
2. leucoeephalus,iitezcAm. 340 1. eMa(rmm. ) 388
3. nigricollis, Tieill 341 2. atrata (Temm.) 389
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
12. Anorrkinus, Reiche?th. .. 390
1. galeritus (Temm.) .... 891
13. Ptilolgemus, Grant 392
1. tickelli (Blyth) 392
2. austeni (Jerd.) .. 393,500
14.
Ocyceros, Jffume 394
l.Tbirostris (Scop.) 394
2. gnseus (Lath.) 396
3. gmgakiisis (Shaw) ., 397
15. Lojpiooew&iHeitipr.SfEhr. 398
1. inelanoleuctts (Licht.). 399
2.
semifasciatus(Ift^/.)
399, 500
3. fasciatus (Shaw) .... 402
4. hartlaubi [Gould) 403
5. monteiri (Hartl.) .... 403
6. camuxus (Cassin) .... 404
7. gempricliii, Ehrenb. .. 405
8. pwaTC|iimfri^ (F. $ H.) 406
9. njasuTtus' (Linn.) 400
10. e^irkinus (Sundev.) .. 408
11. ervthr orhynehus
^Temm)'.' 409
12. damarensis, Shelley . . 411
13. flavirostris (Riipp.) .. 412
14. lejicqmelas (Licht.) .. 414
15. elegaris (hartl.) 415
16. %ckeni (Cab.) 416
17. jacEsdm, Grant, ' 416
16. Bycanistes, Cab. $ H. .. 416
1. cristatus (Rupp.) 417
2. leueopygius, Bubois .. 418
3. subcylfndricus (Selat.) 419
4. subquadratus, Cab. .. 419
5. albotibialis (Cab. §
Reich.) 420
6. cylindricus (Temm.).. 420
7. buccinator (Temm.) .. 421
8. fistulator (Cassin).... 422
9. sbarpii {Elliot) 422
17. Berenicomis, Bp 423
1. comatus (Raffles) .... 423
18. Ortkolophus, Grant .... 424
1. ajybocristatus (Cassin) . 425
2. leucoISpKiis (Sharpe)
— 426,500
19. Rkinoplax, Gloger 426
1. yigil (Forst) 427
Suborder TROGONES.
Fam. TuoGONiDiE.
1. Pharomacrus, Be la Llave 430
1. mociimo, Be la Llave . 431
2. antisiensis (BOrb.) .. 433
Page
3. auriceps (Gould) 434
4. pavoninus (Spit) .... 436
2, Euptilotis 436
1. neoxexms (Gould) 437
3, Tmetotvogon, Cab.tyHeine 437
1. vho&og&sbe? (Temm.).. 438
4, Prionotelus, Stoains 439
1. teuiuurus (Temm.) .. 439
5 Trogon,X m.... 440
1. mexicanus, Swains. .. 444
2. personatus, Gould .... 446
3. eollaris, Vteill. % 448
4. elegant, Gould 449
5. ambiguu.-*, Gouty .... 451
6. puella, Gould. / 452
7. auiantehentris 454
8. atricollis, Vteill 455
9. viridis, X. ... >* 458
10. eliionurus, Scl. § Sah. 460
11. bairdi, Lawr 461
12. citreolus, Gould 461
13. melanocephalus, Gould 462
14. caligatus, Gould 465
15. mendionalis, Swains... 467
16. ramonianus, Beville et
DesMurs $ 468
17. variegatus, Spii."..... 468
18. boliviarms, Grant 470
19. surueura, Vieill, 471
20. aurantius, Spix 471
21. melanurus, Swains. .. 472
22. macrurus, Gould%. 474,500
23. massena, Gould., 474
24. clathratus, Salmi 476
6. Hapalo derma, Jgass 477
1. narina, Steph 477
2. constantia, Sharpe fy
Ussher 479
3. vittatum, Shelley 480
7. Harpactes, Stoains 480
1. diardi (Temm.) .. 482,501
2. kasumba (Raffl.) .... 483
3. fasciatus (Penn.) * 485
4. ardens (Temm.)...... 487
5. -whitehead!, Sharpe
488, 501
6. erytlirocephalus
(Gould) 488
7. diwauceli (Temm.) .. 491
8. orrhopheeus (Cab. fy
Heine) 493
8 a. vidua, Grant 501
9. oreskios (Temm.) .... 494
9 a. dulitensis, Grank ... 502
8. Hapalarpactes,Ca&.#i2me 496
1. reinwardti (Temm.) .. 496
2. mackloti (MM.) .... 497
CATALOGUE
BIRDS.
Order PICARLE.
(Cat. B. vol. xvi. p. 1.)
Suborder CORACLE {continued).
(Of. vol. xvi. p. 434.)
Family LEPTOSOMATIDiE.
Sexes different in colour, the dorsal plumage of the male metallic.
Palate desmognathous.
Feet semi-zygodactyle ; the outer toe cleft to the base and partly
reversible; the inner toe united to the middle one along the basal
joint.
A powder-down patch on each side of the ramp.
Xostrils exposed, linear, situated in the middle of the upper
mandible, with a horny plate across the na^al opening instead of
a membrane ; the loral plumes recurved and directed forward
over the base of the culmen. Bill decurved; tomium straight,
hooked slightly at the end ; genys straight for the basal half,
gently ascending towards the end.
Tail-feathers twelve.
Banr/e. Confined to Madagascar.
[One genus only.]
1. LEPTOS0MA.
Type.
LeptosoHius, VkilL Analyse, p. 28 (1816) L. di&color*
Croinbus, Eeidienb. Handb., Merop. p. 51 (1852) L. discolor,
Range. Confined to Madagascar, the islands of Mayotte and
Anjuan, and Great Comoro.
1. Leptosoma discolor.
Le
Grand Ooucou de Madagascar, Brhs. Orn. iv. p. ICO, pi. 15,
figs. 1, 2 (17G0); Daubent PL Enl vi. pis. 587, 586.
Le Vonron-Driou, Month. Hist. Nat Ois. vi. p. 305 (177U).
VOL. XVII. B
LEPTOSOMATID^.
Oucuius discolor, Henri. Tabl. Affin. Anim. p. 186 (1777).
African Ouckow cum var. A, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 532
(1782).
Cuculus ameus, Botld. Tail PI Enl p. 86 (1783).
Ouculus afer, Qm. S. N. i. p. 418 (1788).
Le Vourong Driou, Levaill Ois. v. p. 24, pis. 226; 227 (180G);
Sundev. Or it. om Levaill p. 49 (1857).
Bucco africanus, Steph. in Skald's Gen. Zool ix. p. 25 (1815).
Leptosomus vourong-clriou, Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat. xi. p. 145
(1818).
Leptosomus afer, Temm. Man. d'Orn. p. lxxiv (1820); Steph. Gen.
Zool xiv. p. 207 (1826) j Bp. Consp. p. 90 (1850); Hartl Faun.
Mating, p. 63 (1861); Poch $ E. Neiot. Ibis, 1863, p. 453.
Vourongdriou afer, Kuhl, Fig. Av. Col. Norn. Syst. p. 10 (1820).
Leptosomus viridis, Vieill N. Diet, a"Hist. Nat. xxxvi. p. 251 (1819);
id. # Oudart, Gal Ois. i. p. 29, pi. xl. (1825); Less. Traite, p. 134
(1831); Swai?is. Classif. B. iL p. 333 (1837).
Leptosomus crombus. Less. Traite, p. 134 (1831).
Crombus uiadagascariensis, Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 52, tab. 485.
fig. 3190 (1852).
Leptosomus afer, Bp. Consp, Volucr. Zygod. p. 13 (1854).
Leptosomus discolor, Cab.fy Heine, Mas. Ilein. Tli. iv. p. 57 (1862);
ScL Ibis, 1864, p. 299; Hartl Vog. Madag. p. 255 (1877);
Milne-Edw. # Grand. Hist. Nat. Madag., Ois. i. p. 224, pis. lxxxiii.-
Ixxxviii. (1879) ; Milne-Edw. $ Oustalet, N. Arch. Mus. (2) vi.
p. 233 (1888).
Leptosoma discolor, Scl. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 082; A. Newt. t. c. p. 834;
Grandid. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 854; Sold. # Poll Fawn
Madagt) Ois. p. 157 (1868); Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 77, no. 912
(1869); Sharpe. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 398; id. Ibis, 1871, p. 285;
Shelley, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 673 (pt.).
Adult male. Crown of head, crested, dull plumbeous grey glossed
with metallic green and copper; lores, cheeks, and a collar round
the back of the neck dark ashy grey; entire back, scapulars, and
least wing-coverts glossy green, everywhere tinged with shining
coppery red; greater wing-coverts entirely coppery red; primary-
coverts dull steel-green; quills greyish black, the inner web white
at the base, the outer web glossed with green, as also the secondaries,
which have the outer web coppery red like the scapulars; tail
greyish black, strongly glossed with metallic green and slightly with
coppery red ; entire under surface of body dark ashy grey, becoming
white on the abdomen and under wing- and tail-coverts : " bill dark
brown; tarsus brown in front, orange behind; soles orange; iris
dark brown" (E. Newton). Total length 16 inches, culm en 1*7,
wing 10, tail 8, tarsus 1-15.
Adult female. Different from the male. General colour above
rufous-brown, barred on the sides of the head and back of the
neck with glossy black; crown of head for the most part black ;
entire back brown, spotted with fulvous, and everywhere glossed
with dull green and coppery-red shades: wing-coverts black, spotted
with chestnut, glossed with coppery red; quills greyish black,
white at the base of the inner web; secondaries barred and mar
1 . LEPTO&OMA.
ft
ginedwith chestnut and glossed with coppery red; tail brown,
becoming black towards the tip, which is slightly edged with rufous;
under surface of the body pale fawn-colour, everywhere spotted
with glossy greenish black ; the flank-feathers whitish at the tip.
Total length 17 inches, oilmen 1*75, wing 10*2, tail 8*5, tarsus
1-25.
Young male, Resembles the old female, and has the head barred
with rufous, the underparts spotted with black, and the wing-
coverts edged with chestnut• but it differs in having the whole of
the back ashy with green and coppery reflexions, though not so
pronounced as in the adult male.
The adult males from Madagascar and Mayotte have the wing
from 10^ to 10-3 inches, and the females from 10-2 to 10-0 inches,
so that it appears that the hen birds are a little the larger.
Hab. Madagascar, Mayotte, and Anjuan Island.
a. Jad.sk . N.Madagascar (A. Crossley). Sharpe Coll.
b,c. <$ juv.; et East of Antananarivo, July. Rev. W. Deans
5 act. sk. Cowan [O.].
d. Jad.sk. Ankafana Forest, Betsileo, March 21 Shelley Coll.
(W. Beans Cowan),
e,fi
<$ ad. et N.E. Madagascar (Van Bam), Shelley Coll.
juv. &k.
g. $ ad. sk. Madagascar. Mr. Gerrard [C.].
\ i, tf J ad. Mayotte, May, June (Pollen §• Van Tweeddale Coll.
sk. Bam),
k 13 juv.] sk. Anjuan Island (Sir J, Kirk), Shelley Coll.
1. 3 ad. sk. Madagascar.
Sir J. Kirk [0.1.
m. Skeleton. Anjuan Island.
Sir J. Kirk [C.J.
Subsp. a. Leptosoma gracile.
Leptosomus discolor (nee Herm.)} Sci. Ibis, 1864, p. 209 • Shelley,
P. Z. & 1879, p. 875 (pt.).
Leptosomus gracilis, Milne-Eclw, fy Oust. C. P. Acad. Sci. ci. 1885,
p. 220 (1885).
Leptosomus discolor, var.
gracilis, iid. Ann, Sci, Nat. Zool, 1887,
art. no. 5, p. 219 ; iid, N. Arch. Mus. (2) x. p. 239 (1888).
Adult male. Similar to L, discolor, but smaller. Total length
14-5 inches, culmen 1*7, wing 8*65-9, tail 7, tarsus 1*05.
Adult female. Similar to the female of L. discolor, but differing in
its smaller size, paler coloration, and chestnut tail, the latter clouded
with blackish towards the ends and on the outer feather, a few bars
being seen on. some of the tail-feathers also. Total length 14*5
inches, culmen 1*6, wing 8*4, tail 7, tarsus 1*1.
The young male at first resembles the adult female and has the
same chestnut tail, but the back is more ashy, and the quills are
blackish, externally shot with green.
Hab. Great Comoro Island.
a} b. <$ ad. et Great Comoro Island. M. Humblot [O.].
juv. sk.
0) d, S $ ad. Great Comoro Island (Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.
sk.
B2
CORACIID^;.
Family CORACIID^.
Sexes similar in colour; the plumage of the upper surface nonmetallic.
Bill Corvine in shape, culmen rounded; the tomium slightly
curved and the genys also nearly straight, ascending gently towards
the end.
Palate desmognathous.
Poet anisodactyle, the outer toe united to the middle toe at the
extreme base; the inner toe united for its basal joint.
]STo powder-down patches.
Oil-gland nude.
Ambiens muscle absent.
Nostrils placed near the base of the upper mandible, and hidden
by bristly feathers.
Tail-feathers twelve.
Range. Temperate and tropical portions of the Old World.
Key to tJie Subfamilies and Genera.
a. Tarsus elongated, exceeding the
middle toe in length. Habits terrestrial
BRACIIYPTERACIINJE.
a'. Bill long, measured from gape
exceeding the length of the
tarsus 1. BEACHYPTEEACIAS, p. 4.
b'. Bill shorter, much less than the
tarsus in length.
a". Wing much longer than the
tail 2. GEOBIASTES, p. 6.
b" . "Wing and tail about equal . . 3. ATELOBNIS, p. 7.
b. Tarsus shortened, less than half the
length of the middle toe. Habits
arboreal CORACIINJS.
c\ Bill slender, compressed, much
longer than it is broad 4. CoBAdAS, p. 9.
df. Bill snort, depressed and slightly
hooked, as broad at gape as it
is long 5. EuRY&TOMiis, p. 28.
Subfamily I. BRACHYPTERACIINJ3.
1.
BKACHYPXEEACIAS,
Type.
Brachypteracias, Lafr. Rev. et Mag. de* Zool 1834,
pi. 31 B. leptosomus.
Ohloropygia, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 333 (1837) ... . B. leptosomus
Range. Confined to Madagascar.
1. BIUCHYPTEIUCUS.
1. Brachypteracias leptosonms.
Colaris leptosonms, Less. Musfr. Zool pi. 20 (1832).
Bracliypteracias leptosomus, lafr. Mag. de Zool 1834, (hs, pi. 31;
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 61 (1845); id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mm. p. 35
(1848) ; Pp. Consp. i. p. 160 (1850) ; Iieichenb. Ilandb., Merop.
p. 53, Taf. 436. tigs. 3101-02 (1852) ; 2?p. Om^. Fo/wcr. -4«w.
p. 7 (1854); J2M. JPflw. iT^%. p. 28 (1861); 2& iV^. Ibis,
18GB, p. 341; Grand. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 18G7, p. 354; Schl $
Foil Faune Madar/., Ois. p. 158 (1868); Gray, Hand-l B. i.
p. 77, no. 013 (1860); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 308; id. Ibis,
1871, p. 280; Ilartl. Y6<h Mada</. p. 70 (1877); Wine-Edwards §
Grandid. 1L K. Madag., Oi».' i, p. 235, pis. 06, 06 a, 07-00
(1870).
Cliloropygia leptosomus, Swains. Class!/. B. ii. p. 333 (1837).
Bracliypteracias collaris, Pitcher. Iter. Zool 1840, p. 108; 'id. Arch.
Mus. iv. p. 343 (1840).
Adult. Head and neck chestnut-brown, everywhere suffused with
a beautiful plum-coloured gloss; a parting from the base of the bill,
extending up the middle of tho head, and the lores reddish brown,
"the latter extending backwards over the eye and developing into a
slight white eyebrow: cheeks and ear-coverts dark chestnut, spotted
and banded with white; back and scapulars dull green, somewhat
mixed with brown• lower portion of the back, rump, and upper
tail-coverts green• rest of the wings brown, everywhere banded at
the tip with two lines of dark green, enclosing a broader one of
white; quills brown, white at tho base of the inner web, the
primaries externally margined with fulvous, becoming* white towards
the tip; secondaries broadly washed with fulvous brown on the
outer web and with greenish on the inner web, especially the
innermost, which blend with the scapulars; tail for the most part
coppery brown, the two centre feathers entirely of this colour and
glossed with greenish, all the outer feathers with a broad purplish-
black band near the oxtremity, which is white, the latter colour
being dashed with violet; throat chestnut, the centre of each
feather being much paler and inclining to fulvous towards the tip,
which is dull white, producing a striped appearance • a broad
crescent-shaped band across the breast, extending on each side to
the sides of the neck, white, slightly washed with pale chestnut:
upper part of breast alternately banded with white, chestnut, and
black, the latter colour disappearing on the sides of the body, which
are banded with chestnut and white only, the flanks tinged with
greenish ; centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts creamy
white; thighs brown, washed with greenish, and narrowly banded
with white; under wing-coverts white, slightly mottled with brown:
"feet rosy; iris brown'7 (A. Grandidier). Total length 12*5
inches, culmen 1*5, wing 5*5, tail 5*2, tarsus 1*4.
Young. Duller in colour than the adult, the bill blackish, with a
tip of horny white; the head reddish brown, with scarcely any lilac
gloss; tho back overshaded with reddish brown; the white collar
on the under surface feebly developed.
Hal. Madagascar.
CORACIIDiE.
a. Ad. sk. Madagascar. A. Crossley [C.].
b, c. Ad. sk, Madagascar (Audebert). Shelley Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Madagascar (A. Crossley). Shelley Coll.
e. Juv. sk. Madagascar. Purchased.
2. GEOBIASTES.
Type.
Geobiastes, Sliarpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 281 G. squaniigera.
Range. Confined to Madagascar.
1. GeoTbiastes squamigera,
Brachypteracias
squaniigera, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 224; Bp.
Consp. i. p. 166 (I860); Grand. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 354;
Schl. Mus. Rays-Bas, Ooraces, p. 138 (1867); id. <§• Roll Faun.
Madag., Ois. p. 158 (1867); Gray, Kand-l. B. i. p. 77, no. 915
(1869); Milne-Edwards fy Grandid. Hist. Nat. Madag,, Ois. i.
p. 241, pis. 96 a, 99-102 (1879).
Atelornis
squaniigera, Rucher. Rev. Zool. 1846, pp. 193, 200; Res
Murs, Iconoqr. Orn. pi. 39 (1846); Reichenb. Handb., Merop.
p. 53, Taf. 436. fig. 3194 (1852) ; Bp. Consp. Volucr. A?iis. p. 7
(1854); Hartl. Faun. Madag. p. 28 (1861).
Geobiastes sqiianii£era, Sliarpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 281; id. P. Z. S. 1871,
p. 316; Hartl. Fog. Madag. p. 72 (1877).
Adult. Crown black down the centre ; sides of head and neck and
breast white tinged with fulvous, and everywhere so mottled with
black as to produce a scaled appearance ; lores, ear-coverts, cheeks,
and throat more distinctly tinged with buff and not so prominently
scaled; a line of black extending from the eye backwards to the
nape, and another from the lower part of the eye below the earcovcrts;
back of neck and upper portion of back rich bay; interscapular
region olive-green, marked with little silvery bands here
and there, this appearance being caused by the white tips to
some of the feathers, with a narrow black band on each side;
scapulars rather brighter green, with a faint indication of a silvery
bar here and there; least wing-coverts bordering the edge of the
wing dull reddish brown; remainder of wing-coverts olive-green
tinged with brown, the outer ones marked with buffy white, the
innermost ones barred towards the tips with white, edged with
green on each side and margined with black on the outer edge;
primary-coverts black; quills black, pale brown at the tips, the
inner web white at the base; the outer web of the 4th, 5th, 6th,
and 7th primaries also white, forming a small alar bar; the
secondaries externally washed with grass-green, the inner ones
washed with olive-brown and blending with the scapulars; lower
back and rump grass-green; tail particoloured, greenish at base,
except on the outer web, which is cobalt; a broad band of coppery
bay extending across the tail, followed by one of black, and by
another one of pale blue along the extremity of the tail-feathers,
the two middle ones greenish, but tinged with copper colour towards
the ends of the feathers; lower portion of breast and belly buffy
3 . ATELORNIS.
white, the flanks brownish and everywhere mottled with black and
white cross-bars; the centre of the abdomen unmottlod; under
wing-coverts reddish brown mixed with white, and a line of pure
white feathers running along the radius: "feet reddish; iris
brown" (A. Grandidier). Total length 12 inches, culmen 1-5,
wing 5, tail 4*3, tarsus 2-05.
Hah. Madagascar.
a. Ad. sk. S.E. Madagascar, Feb. {A. Crossley). Sharps Coll.
b. Ad. &k. S.E. Madagascar (A. Crossley). Shelley Coll.
c,& <$ ? ad. sk. S.E. Madagascar, Feb. (Auaebert). Shelley Coll.
3. ATELOENIS.
Type.
Atelornis, Pitcher, Rev. Zool 1846, p. 200 A. pittoides.
Corapitta *, Bp. Consp. Vol Anis. p. 7 (1854) A. pittoides.
Range. Confined to Madagascar.
Key to the Species.
a. Head blue, with, white spots on the eyebrow; lores
and ear-coverts and cheeks black; a large blue
patch at the sides of the neck pittoides, p. 7.
b. Head rufous like the sides of the face; throat striped
with black and white crossleyi, p. 8.
1. Atelornis pittoides.
Brachypteracias pittoides, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1834, pi. 32; Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 61 (1845) ; id. Cat. Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 35 (1848);
Bp. Consp. i. p. 166 (1850); SchL Mus. Paijs-Bas, Coraces, p. 188
(1867); Grand. Rev. et May. de Zool. 180f, p. 354; SchL $ Poll.
Faun. Madat/.j Ois. p. 158 (1868) • Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 77,
no. 914 (1869); Milne-Edwards $ Grandid. II. N. Maday., Ois. I
p. 244, pis. 103 a, 103 b, 104,104 a (1879).
Atelornis
pittoides, Pucker. Per. Zool 1846, p. 200; Reichenb.
Handh, Merop. p. 53, pi. 436. fig. 3193 (1852); Uartl Faun.
Maday. p. 28 (1861); Rock # E. Newt. Ibis, 1862, p. 271, pi. 9;
E. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 341; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 398; id.
Ibis, 1871, p. 383, pi. viii.; Hartl. Voy. Maday. p. 74 (1877).
Corapitta pittoides, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 7 (1854).
Adult. Head very deep cobalt, a little brighter over the eye,
with the superciliary feathers minutely spotted with white, developing
into a narrow white eyebrow above the eye and over the ear-
coverts ; lores, cheeks, and ear-coverts deep black; back of the
neck and upper part of the back chestnut-brown; lower portion of
the back grass-green, somewhat tiuged with olive on the upper
tail-coverts; wing-coverts bright grass-green, the outer row of the
* This name should have been written Coracopitta. This same generic tide,
however, has been proposed for Melanopittafagubrk of Schlegel by Dr. Selater
(Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 449), for which I propose the amended name of
Coracocichla.
COEACIIB^].
greater series washed with cobalt; primary-coverts Mock; quills
black, becoming brown towards the tip, white at the base of the
inner web, and the basal half of the outer web of all the primaries,
except the first, white, showing a conspicuous alar bar ; the
secondaries washed towards their ends with grass-green, the outermost
with a slight tinge of blue towards the base, and the innermost
tinged with olive-green like the scapulars; tail deep cobalt,
except the two centre feathers, which are olive-brown ; entire
throat creamy white, bordered on each side by a triangular patch
of cobalt-blue feathers ; sides of neck beyond this blue patch rich
bay; breast and flanks bay, duller on the latter; centre of the
belly and under tail-coverts creamy white, the latter marked with
brown; under wing-coverts whitish tinged with buff: "feet of a
rosy grey; iris brown" (A. Grandidier). Total length 10*5 inches,
culmen 1*4, wing 4*5, tail 4*6, tarsus 1*7.
Younc/. Much duller in colour than the adults; head dull blue,
with a buffy white eyebrow, but no white-tipped feathers ; blue
collar on sides of throat represented by a collar of dull black slightly
washed with blue; throat white, with dusky blackish edges to the
feathers; white wing-spot somewhat tinged with blue.
Eab. E. Madagascar.
a, 1), Ad. sk. Madagascar. A. Crossley [C]
c. Ad. sk. Madagascar (A Crossley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Madagascar (A. Crossley}. Tweeddale Coll.
<°, Juv. sk. Madagascar (A. Crossley). Sharpe Coll.
/, y. Ad. sk. Madagascar (A* Crossley). Shelley Coll.
7,7 Skeletons. Madagascar (A, Crossley). Purchased.
2. Atelornis crossleyi.
Atelornis crossleyi, Sharpe, P. Z, 8, 1875, p. 74, pi. xiv.; Hartl. Vog.
Madag. p. 77 (1877).
Brachypteracias crossleyi, Milne-JSdw. § Grandid. Hist. Nat. Madag ^
Ois. i. p. 249, pis. 103,103 b.
Adult (type of species). Head rufous bay, lightest on the lores
and darker on the ear-coverts, shading off into dull greenish on the
hind neck; entire back deep grass-green, as also the upper tail-
coverts ; the tail black, more or less washed with green, the centre
tail-feathers washed with olive; wing-coverts green like the back,
the greater series inclining to cobalt-blue at their tips, the outermost
ending in a conspicuous white spot; primary-coverts and quills
black, the latter white at the base, forming a transverse alar bar,
the secondaries externally green and thus resembling the back; chin,
sides of face, and fore neck bright bay, the throat with a large
triangular patch of black, varied with dilated white shaft-streaks ;
rest of under surface dull ochraceous, paler in the centre of the
^ body; the flanks and under tail-coverts washed with green; under
wing-coverts black washed with greenish, and having two bars of
white across the wing, in addition to the more distinct white band
4 . C0KACTAS.
at the base of the primaries ; bill and feet black. Total length 10*5
inches, culmen 1*1, wing 3-75, tail 4*5, tarsus 1*65.
Hal. Eastern Madagascar.
a.
Ad. sk. E. Madagascar. A. Crossley [0.].
(Type of species.)
b. Ad. sk. E. Madagascar (A. Crossley). Shelley Coll.
Subfamily II. CORACIIN/E.
4. CORACIAS.
Coracias, Linn. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 159 (17GG)
Galgulus, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 63 (17G0)
Coraciura, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis, p. 7 (1854)
Type.
0. garrulus.
0. garrulus.
.... V. eyanoga&ter,
Range. The -whole of Europe and Africa, through Persia to
Central Asia, the whole of the Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, the
Burmese countries, and Celebes.
Key to tlie Species*
a. With no white nuchal patch.
a'. With a band of silvery blue on the quills, either
basal or subterminal.
a". With a broad subterminal band of silvery
blue on the quills.
a'". With a broad band of purplish blue at
the end of the tail; upper tail-coverts
purplish blue, darker than the rump ..
h"\ With no band at the end of the tail,
though occasionally a blackish spot at
the end is present; upper tail-coverts
light silvery blue, paler than the rump..
b'1. With no subterminal band on the quills,
the basal part only being light,
c'''. Abdomen light verditer-blue.
aK Outer tail-feathers not elongated; primary-
coverts silvery bluebK Outer tail-feathers elongated.
ct\ Primary-coverts silvery blue; no racquet
at end of long outer tail-
feather.
a
. Throat blue like the breast and
abdomen
W. Throat lilac, streaked with while,
and contrasting with the rest of
the body, which is green and blue
from the fore neck downwards ..
c6. Throat and breast lilac, leaving
only the abdomen blue
Z>\ Primary-coverts purplish blue like
the outer aspect of the primaries;
long outer tail-feather spatulated at
the end
indtcus, p. 10.
affinis, p. 13.
garrulus, p. 15.
abyssinicus, p. 19.
lorti, p. 20.
caudatus, p. 21.
spatulatus, p. 22.
COKAOIIDJD.
d"\ Abdomen purplish blue, contrasting with
the breast, which is fawn-buff with a
greenish shade; primary-coverts purplish
blue , cyanogaster, p. 27.
I'. With no light band of silvery blue on the
quills, these being entirely black, glossed
with purple internally and on the outer web;
back olive-greenibh; head and upper tail-
coverts silvery cobalt temmine\i, p. 26.
.
With a white nuchal patch.
c'. Crown of head lilac-rufous, contrasting witli
the olive shade on the back; throat lilac-
rufous like the rest of the unclerparts, all being
streaked with white ncevius, p. 24.
d\ Crown of head greenish olive like the back;
throat and fore neck somewhat purplish,
contrasting with the bieast, which is lilac-
rufous ,, , olivaceiceps, p. 25,
1. Coracias in&icus.
The Jay from Bengal,
Albin, Nat. Hist, B. i. p. 17, pi. 17 (1738,///.
pess.).
The Blue Jav from the East Indies, Edwards, Gleanings, iii. p. 247,
pi. 326 (1764).
Le Eollier de Mindanao, Briss. Oni. i. p. 69, pi. i. fig. 1 (1760) ;
Baubent. PL Enl. iii. pi. 2So.
Coracias indica, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 159 (1766) ; Gm. S. N. i.
p. 378 (1788) ; Syles, P. Z. S.1832, p. 96 ; Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi.
p, 229 (1840) ; Myth, Ann. § Mag. N.II. xii. p. 94 (1843) ; Gray,
Gen.B. i. p. 62 (1845); id. Cat.Mamm. etc. Nepal pres. Ilodt/s. p. 5o
(1846, pt.) ; id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mas. p. 33 (1848); Blyth] Cat. B.
Mus. As. Soc. p. 51 (1849) ; Bp. Comp. i. p. 167 (1830) ; Kelaart,
Prodr. Cat. p. 118 (1832); lieickenb. Ilandb., Merop.-p.48, tab. 433.
fig. 3183 (1832) ; Bp. Consp. Valuer. Anis. p. 7 (1834); Horsf. §
Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E. I Co. ii. p. 571 (1856); Cab. # Heine, Mus.
Hein.Th. ii. p. 118 (1859); Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 228 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i.
p. 214 (1862); Beavan, Ibis, 1805, p. 407 ; Blyth, Ibis, 1866,
p. 345 ; Sold. Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 135 (1867) ; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 76, no. 900 (1869) ; Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 54 (1869);
Elwes, Ibis, 1870, p. 527; Dresser, B. Eur. v. p. 149, pi. 249
(1871); Holdsiu. P Z. S. 1872, p. 423; Blyth, Ibis, 1873, p. 80;
Hayes Lloyd, t c. p. 406; Hume, Nests § Eggs Ind. B. p. 103
(1873) ; id. Str. F. i. p. 167 (1873); Morgan, Ibis, 1874, p. 314;
Butler, Str. F. iii. p. 456 (1875); Bourd. Str. F. iv. p. 382 (1876);
Sol. § E. C. Taylor, Ibi<, 1876, p. 63; Fairb. Str. F. v. p. 394
(1877); Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 126 (1876) ; Davidson § Wenden,
Str. F. vii. p. 77 (1878); Ball, t c. p. 203; Leqge, B. Ceylon, p. 281
(1878) ; Danf. Ibis, 1878, p. 7; Hume, Str. F viii. p. 85 (1879);
Sculhj, t. c. p. 237; Doig, t c p. 370; Butler, Cat. B. Sind etc.
p. 16 (1879); id. Cat. B. S. Bomb. Pres. p. 18 (1880); Vidal,
Str. F. ix. p. 49 (1880) ; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 50 ;
Davids. Str. F. x. p. 295 (1882); Davison, t c. p. 351 (1883);
Murray, Vertebr. Faun. Sind, p. 109 (1884); Sioinh. fy Barnes,
Ibis, 1885, p. 61; Beid, Cat. Luelmoiv Mus. p. 22 (1886); Skarpe,
Ibis, 1886, pp. 165, 488; Taylor, Str. F. x. p. 456 (1887); Terry,
t. c. p. 471; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 547 ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests
$ Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 53 (1890).
4 . CORAOTA.S.
Coracias bengalensis, Linn. S. JV. i. p. 159 (1706); Pearson, J. A. S,
Beng. x. p. 651 (1841); Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pi. xii, fig'. 1
(no. 613); id. in Gray's Zool Misc. p. 82 (1814); Cab. et Heine,
Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 118 (1859).
Indian Boiler, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. i. p. 412 (1781).
Le Rollier varie* d'Afrique. Levaill. Ois. Parad. et Polliers,. p. 80,
pi. 28 (1806).
Garrulus nsevius (nee Licht), Yieill. N, Diet, cTIIist. Nat. xxix.
p. 431, pi. 6. fig. 4 (1819).
Galgulus nsevius (nee Licht.), Yieill Enc. Meth. ii. p. 868 (1823).
Coracias nsevius (nee Licht), Waaler, Syst Av. Coracias, spec. 3,
p. 217 (1827).
Coracias bengalensis indica, Temm. Tabl Meth. p. 10 (1839).
Adult male. Above drab-brown, with, a wash of oil-green under
certain lights ; rump greenish blue, washed with purple; the upper
tail-coverts more purple, edged with greenish blue : the lesser wing-
coverts bright purplish blue, remainder of the wing-coverts greenish
blue, the greater coverts lighter at their ends; bastard-wing and
primary-coverts silvery cobalt, with dusky blue tips; quills purplish
blue, the inner secondaries like the back, the primaries with a
bright band of silvery cobalt decreasing in size towards the centre
of the wing: all but the outer primaries with a basal mark of
silvery cobalt, mostly concealed by the greater coverts ; centre tail-
feathers green, with a median wash of blue, the rest of tho feathers
purplish blue at the base, succeeded by a broad band of silvery
cobalt and terminated with a band of purplish blue; crown of
head and nape green, with a slight wash of verditer, and a streak
of greenish blue above the eyes; base of forehead sandy buff,
succeeded by a shade of purplish lilac; lores and feathers below
the eye reddish buff; fore part of cheeks and chin sandy buff with
a purplish shade ; sides of face, ear-coverts, throat, and chest purplish
lilac, with greenish-white shafts to the feathers; sides of neck
and a collar round the hind neck purplish lilac, the latter with a
slight wash of oil-green; breast lilac-brown: abdomen, thighs,
under wing- and tail-coverts silvery cobalt: " bill blackish brown,
paler at the base of the lower mandible; inside of mouth pale
greenish yellow; feet brownish yellow; eyelid and naked skin
round the eye pale gamboge ; iris greyish brown " {E. A. Butler).
Total length 12 inches, culmen 1*5, wing 7#33 tail 5, tarsus 0*95.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour: " legs and feet
yellowish olive; iris brown" (E. A. Butler). Total length 12
inches, culmen 1*4, wing 7*15, tail 5-2, tarsus 1.
Hal. Prom Asia Minor to Persia and N. Arabia, thence to Baluchistan.
The whole of the Indian Peninsula and Ceylon.
a, b. Ad. sk.
c. J ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
Muscat, Arabia.
Muscat.
Eao, Persian Gulf.
Colonel Miles [P.].
W. T.Blanford,Esq.
[P.].
W. D. Gumming, Esq.
e. $ ad.sk.
Bampusht, Baluchistan,
March.
Dera Ghazi Khan.
W. T. Blanford. E*q.
[C.].
Hiune Coll.
/. J ad. sk.
12
f/> k d ? ad. sk.
t, k. $ ad. sk.
J. Ad. sk.
on. $ ad. sk.
n} o. tf ; ^. 5 ad.
sk.
ad. sk.
e^. J ad. sk.
>•'. c? ad. sk.
s'. 6" ad. sk.
t', u'. S 2 ad. sk.
v', 7v'. Ad. sk.
x'-a". <S; b". $
ad. sk.
e". J ad.sk.
d", e". Ad. sk.
/' . Ad.sk.
g". <$ imm. sk.
h". $ ad. sk.
*",#'. d ?ad. sk.
7". Ad. sk.
m"-o". Ad. sk.
y . <£ ad. sk.
y"-*". Ad. sk.
t". <$ ad. sk.
u1'. S ad. sk.
ad. sk.
/A (J ad. sk.
c\ d\ J ad. sk.
e\f. Ad. sk.
g*. d ad. sk.
7*3. $ ad. sk.
i\ k\ Ad sk.
P, on2. Ad. sk.
w\ Ad. sk.
o3,^3. Ad. sk.
(p, r3. Ad. sk.
s3. J ad. sk.
t\ tf ad.sk.
2^3. J ad. sk.
i'3. Ad. sk.
w\ Bones of trunk.
COKACIIDJE.
Snkkur, Sind, Dec. (A. 0. If.).
Karachi, Nov. (E. A. Butler),
Hyderabad (Dr. II. Gould').
Dee«a, Feb. (E. A. Butler).
Sanibkur, Dec. (22. M.
Adam).
Gurgaon District Jan. to
May ( W. N. Chill).
Murdan, Feb.
Dhoori, Jan.
Uinbala, Nov. (B, C.
Becwan),
Etawah, May.
Mogul Serai; Nov. (IF. E.
Brooks).
Futtehgurh, Jan. (A. Anderson).
Allahabad, Dec.
Nepal.
Behar.
Muddapur, June 19 (W. E.
Brooks).
Dacca.
Calcutta, Feb.
Maunbhoom, Feb. (E. C.
Beavan).
Kaniptee.
Mhow, Dec.
Khandeisk.
Taloda, Khandeish, Dec. {J.
Davidson).
Satpura Hills, Jan.
Ahmednuggur, Nov., Dec,
Jan. (8. B. Fairbank).
Khandala, March (8. B. F).
Belgaum, March, Oct. (E. A.
Butler).
Madras, April (W. D.).
Bangalore, Oct. 10 (22. G.
W.ll).
Eampore, Mysore, May (W.
Malabar.
Anjango, Dec.
Travaneore, Jan. 18.
Ceylon (II. Nevill).
Ceylon, July (8. Chajmian).
Ceylon, July 24
Kunigalli, Ceylon, Oct. 17
(W. V.Legge).
Negonibo,Nov. {Hart).
India.
Nepal.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Dr. B. Ilinde [P.].
Col. C. Swinhoe [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
F. Bourdillon, Esq.
[C.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Col. V. Legge [P.].
Seebohm Coll.
Hume Coll.
J. R. Reeves, Esq.
[p.].
Hodgson Coll,
4 . COBACLiS.
13
Hybrids between Coracias indicus and C. affinis,
Le Kollier varie cles Moluquos. Lemill. Ois, Farad. Bolliers. pi, 27
(1800). ^
Coracias atilnis (nee McClell), Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 55 (1809): Brooks,
Str. F. viii. p. 463 (1870).
Coracias indica (nee L.), Scully, Str. F. viii. p. 237 {1870, pt.).
Coracias indica affinis, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 549.
The undermentioned specimens are apparently hybrids between O.
indicus and (7. affinis, and partake of the characters of both species.
a. <S ; b,c. $ ad. Nepal, Sept., Nov., Dec. Hume Coll.
sk. (J". Scully),
d-y. Ad. sk. Nepal. Hodgson Coll.
h, i. Ad. sk. Nepal (B. II. Hodyson). India Museum.
h, I. Ad. sk. Native Sikhim, March, April Hume Coll.
(X. Mandelli).
m. Ad.sk. Sikhim. Seebokm Coll.
n, o,p. Ad. sk. Sikhim, March, April, Sept. Hume Coll.
(L. Mandelli).
q. Ad. sk. Darjiling. SeebohmColl.
r. Ad. sk. Darjiling Terai, Dec. (£. Man- Hume Coll.
delli).
s, t, u. Ad. sk. Tippera. Hume Coll.
v. $ ad. sk. Calcutta, Dec. 28. Hume Coll.
2. Coracias affinis,
Coracias affinis, McClell. P. Z, S. 1839, p. 104 ,• Gray, Gen. B.l
p. &2, pi. 21 (1845) ; Blyth, Cat B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 51 (1849);
Reiehenb. Handb., Merop. p. 50, tab. 434.tig. 3180 (1852) ; Horsf.
§ Moore, Cat. B. Mas. E. I. Co. ii. p. 574 (1856); Jerd. B. Ind, i.
p. 217 (1802); Scliomb. Ibh, 1864, p. 240; Schl. Mm. P-B. Coraccs,
p. 136 (1867); Beavan, Ibis, 1869, p. 408; Cab* § Heine, Mus.
Hem. Th. ii. p. 118 (1869) ; Gray,Hand-l.B. i. p. 70, no. 901 (1809 j ;
Blanf. Ibis, 1870, p. 405 ; Godioin-Aubt. J. A. S. Bern/, xxxix.
p. 95 (1870); Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 50 (1875); Blyth ^ IVald. B.
Burm. p. 72 (1875) ; Armstr. Str. F. iv. p. 305 (1870) ; Hume, Str.
F. v. p. 18 (1877); id. §• Davison, Sir. F. vi. p. 72 (1878); Anderson,
Rep. Zool, Exped. Yun-nan, p. 581 (1878)$ Tiraut, Ois. Cochin
Chine, p. 99 (1879); Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 85 (1879); Oates,
Handb. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 69 (1883) ; Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ.
Genov. (2) iv. p. 589 (1887) j Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 48 (1888);
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 548; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests $ Egys Ind.
B. iii. p. 5Q (1890).
Coracias bengalensis (jiec Linn.), Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 7 (1854).
Adidt male. Above dingy olive-brown; wings as in C. indicus ;
lower back and rump purplish blue; upper tail-coverts silvery cobalt$
centre tail-feathers dark blue, dusky at the ends, the remainder
purplish blue for the basal half, then silvery cobalt to the tips, with
a slight shade of dusky black at the ends, the outer feather with a
distinct terminal spot of black; crown of head greenish blue, more
verditer-blue on the forehead and above the eye; sides of face and
breast dingy brown, paler on the latter, and slightly washed with
CORACIIBiE.
lilac on the cheeks and sides of the throat; chin whitish; throat
streaked with lilac-blue ; abdomen and under tail-coverts silvery
cobalt, with a purplish shade on the flanks; thighs, under wing-
coverts, and basal quill-lining purplish blue. Total length 12 inches,
culmen 1*45, wing 7*6, tail 4*7, tarsus 1.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 12
inches, culmen 1, wing 7*3, tail 4*8, tarsus 0*95.
Young. Duller in colour than the adults and more of an ashy
brown * the blue colour of the wings and tail much paler *. the throat-
feathers streaked with white, but without purple; head pale ashy
brown, without any greenish blue.
Hob. From Nepal to Assam and Tenasserim and the Indo-Chinese
countries generally.
a, b. Ad. sk.
c, d. Ad. sk.
e,f. Ad. sk.
g! Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
L Ad. sk.
k-o. Ad. sk.
p. $ ad. sk.
r, s. Ad. sk.
t. <$ ad. sk.
u, v. Ad. sk.
iv. Ad. sk.
>v, y. <$ ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
a'. <$ ad. sk.
b'. Ad. sk.
c\ Ad. sk.
d'. Ad. sk.
e'. Ad. sk.
f,g'. Ad.sk.
h'~o'. Ad. et imni.
sk.
p'. (S ad. sk.
q', r'. d juv. sk.
«'. <$ ad. sk.
t'-v'. <$ $ ad. sk.
w!-z'. $ ad. et
juv. sk.
Nepal.
Nepal {B. H. Hodgson).
Sikkhn, Jan.
Darjiling.
Darjiling.
Bootan (Pemberton).
Bootan Dooars, Jan., Feb.,
April (Z. Mandelli).
Dacca.
Assam {McClelland).
Dkollak, May (J. Cock-
bum).
Dibrughur, May {J. JR.
Cn2)ps).
Gai-o Hills (H. H. Godwin-
Aztstcn).
N. Khasia Hills {A. W. Chennell).
Cachar (J. Inglis).
Sylhet, Jan. {A. 0. JET.).
Manipur, March (A. 0. H.).
Bkamo, Feb.
Mungla, Sanda Valley, May,
Ava.
Tonghoo District, Feb., Oct.
(JB. W. 0.).
Tonghoo, Jan., May, June,
Aug., Dec. {E. G. W. JR.).
Borougho Island, Akyab,
March (J. Armstrong).
Tliayetmyo, Pegu, Sept. (R. G.
Eangoon District, Nov. (J.
Armstrong).
Eangoon, Dec, June, July (JR.
G. W. JR.).
Pegu, Aug., Dec, Feb. (K W.
0.).
Hodgson Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
India Museum.
Himae Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
(Types of species.)
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Dr. J. Anderson [0.].
Dr. J. Anderson
[c:j.
W.T.Blanford-Esq.
[P.].
Oates Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
Hume Coll.
4 . CORACIAS. 15
a". S ad. sk. Khykoto, Tenasserim, Feb. 22 Ilumo Coll.
b". S; c", dn . $ ad.
sk.
(IV. D.).
Pakpoon, Dec, Jan., Fob. ( W. Ilumo Coll.
B.).
<?", f". 6 S ad. Kaukaiyit, June (C. T. B.). Hume Coll.
sk.
<j", h". c? ; i"~k". Thatone, Nov., Jan., May (W. Hume Coll.
$ ad. sk. J9.).
I", »*". c? juv. sk. Tavoy, June ( 7F. D.). Ilumo Coll.
n", o". 6 ad. sk. Thenzeik, Dec. 12 ( W. JD.). Hume Coll.
p". S ad. sk. Mergui, Jan. 7 (JT. D.). Hume Coll.
q". S ad. sk. Ckoungtkanoung, Dec. (Jlr. Hume Coll.
D.).
r". $ ad. sk. Attaran Iliver, Dec. (W. JD.), Hume Coll.
s"-v".(S ; w"-d*. Amherst, Dec. to March, HumeColl.
? ad. sk. June, July (W.I).).
e]. <$ ad.sk. Moulmein, Oct. {R. C. Bea- Tweeddale Coll.
van),
f*. 6 ad. sk. Moulmein, Dec. {IV. I).). Hume Coll.
r/\ h\ Ad. sk. Cochin China. M. E. Pierre TP.1
i\ h\ Ad. sk. Siam. M. E. Pierre [P.].
P. Ad. sk. Siam (Sir R. Schomburgk). Seebohm Coll.
3. Coracias garrulus.
The Roller, Edwards, Nat. Hist, B.iii. pi. 109 (1751); Yarr. Brit. B.
ii. p. 105 (1843).
Le Rollier, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 64 (1700) ,* Daubent PL Bnl iii. pi.
486.
Coracias garrula, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 159 (176G); Gm. S. N. i. p. 378
(1788) ; Ball. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 441 (1811); Temm. Man. i.
p. 127 (1820) ; Vieill. Faune Fran?, p. 128, pi. 57. fig. 2 (1820);
Naum. Vog. Deutschl. ii. p. 158, Taf. 60 (1822) ; Werner, Atlas,
Omnivores, pi. 17 (1827); Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 160 (1831);
Gouldj B. Bur. ii. pi. 60 (1837) ; Macg. Brit.B. iii. p. 540 (1840);
Crespon, OrnitJi. Gard, p. 75 (1840); Kegs. u. Bias. Wirb, Bur.
p. 150 (1810); Nordm. in Bemid. Vog. Bass. Merid. iii. p. 205
(1840); Selys-Longch. Faune Beige, p. 107 (1842) ; Schl.Rev. Crit.
p. lvi (1844); Muhle, Orn. Grieehenl. p. 33 (1844) ; Gray, Gen. B.
i. p. 62 (1845); Rilpp. Sg&t. Uebers. p. 23 (1845); Gray, List
Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 33 (1848); Blgth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc.
p. 51 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 167 (1850); Reichenb. Handb.,
Merop. p. 45, pi. 431. figs. 3179-80 (1852); Ejcerb. Orn. Ban. pi.
13. fig. 4 (1852); Schl. Vog. Nederl. p. 262, pi. 135 (1854) j Heiuits.
Fggs Br. B. i. p. 253, pi. 64, fig. 3 (1856); Horsf. §• Moore, Cat.
B. Mus. B. L Co. ii. p. 570 (1856); Sundev. Svensh. Fogl. pi. 21.
fig. 3 (1856); Jard. Bdinb. N. Phil. Journ. new ser. iii. p.242 (1856);
Hartl. Orn. W.~Afr.-p.29 (1857); Tristr. Ibis, 1859,p.27 ; Salvin,
t. c. p. 302; Heuglin, t. c. p. 339; Jaicb. et Barth.-Lapomm. Rich. Om
p. 321 (1859) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1860, p. 152; Poioys, t. c. p. 235; Cab.
§ Heine, Mus. Rein. Th. ii. p. 117 (1860); Linderm. Vog. Grieehenl.
p. 45 (1860); Schl. Bier. Nederl. Vog. pi. xiv. figs. 1, la (1861) ; Earth
Faun. Madag. p. 29 (1861) ; id. J. f. 0.1861, p. 104 j Jerd. B. Bid.
i. p. 218 (1862); Gray, List Br. B. p. 35 (1863); Wright, Ibis, 1864,
p. 73; BeFilippi, Viagg.Bers.^. 346 (1865); More, Ibis, 1865
p. 131; Blyth, Ibis, I860, p. 81; Gould, B. Gt. Br. ii. pi. 11 (1866);
IB C0BACI1D-E.
Drale,lbis,1807, p. 425; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 70 (1867); Finsch,
J. f. 0.1867, p. 237 ; Degland § Gerbe, Orn. JEurA. p. 169 (1867);
Loche, JSxpL Sci Algir., Ois. ii. p. 88 (1867); Schl. Mus. Pays-
Bas, Ooraces, p. 133 (1867); Collett, Norges Fugle, p. 34 (1868) ;
Smith, Ibis, 1868, p. 449; Beugl. J.f 0. 1868, p. 321; id. Orn.
N.O.-Afr. i. p. 171 (1869); Gray, Hand-l. B. I p. 75, no. 897
(1869); Borggr. Voqolf. Norddeutschl p. 69 (1869); Doderl.
Avif. Sicil. p. 54 (i860)'; Fritsch, Yog. Eur. p. 89, Taf. xiv. fig. 2
(1870); Finsch # Earth Yog. Ostdfr. p. 152 (1870) ; Mwes $
Buckley, Ibis, 1870, p. 189; Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 188; Salvad.
Faun. ItaL, JJcc. p. 43 (1871) ; Saunders, Ibis, 1871, p. 66; Gumey,
t c. p. 76; R. Gray, B. W. Scott, p. 202 (1871) ; Dresser, B. Eur.
y. p. 141, pi. 293 (1871); Hurting, Handb. Br. B. p. 34 (1872) ;
Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 3; G. F. L. Marshall, t. e. p. 205; G. C. Taylor,
t. c. p. 230; Gumey in Anderss. B. Dam.-Ld. p. 56 (1872); Shelley,
B. Fgypt, p. 168 (1872) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873);
Blytii, Ibis, 1873, p. 80; Brooke, t. c. p. 230; Hume, Nests fyEggs
lid. B. p. 104 (1873); id. Str. F. I p. 168 (1873); Ayres,
Ibis, 1874, p. 102; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 68; Danf. t.c. p. 300;
Irby, B. Gibr. j>. 65 (1875); Fallon, Ois. Belg. p. 28 (1875);
Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 198 ; Dresser, t. c. p. 319 ; Ayres, t. c. p. 424;
Blanf. Fast. Persia, ii. p. 125 (1870); Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 133
(1876) ; St. John, Str. F.Y. p. 502 (1877); Hartl Yog. Madag. p. 66
(1877) ; Finsch, Ibis, 1877, p. 52 ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ii.
p. 138 (1877); Cab. J.f 0. 1878, p. 234; Danf. Ibis, 1878, p. 7;
Bogd. B. Cauc. p. 114 (1879) ; Finsch, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxix.
p. 153 (1879) ; Fischer § Reichen. J.f 0.1879, p. 343 ; Hume, Str.
F. viii. p. 85 (1879); Butler, Cat. B. Sind$c. p. 16 (1879); Bocage,
Orn. Angola,-^. 536 (1881); Newt. ed. YarreWs Brit. B. ii. p. 428
(1881J; Sharpe inOates>Matabele-Land,A.]iV. p. 302 (1881) ;Gurney,
Ibis, 1881, pp. 124, 256 ; Shelley, P. Z. S. Ib81, p. 066; Bidd. Ibis,
1861, p. 48; Sadly, t. c. p. 429; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 102 ; Ilomeyer
$ Tancre, MT. o; n. Yer. Wien, 1883. p 83 ; Seeb. t. c. p. 210 ; Shel
ley, i.e. p. 242; Seeb. Ibis, 1^83, p. 21; Sharpe, ed. LayaixVs B. S.
Afr. pp. 102, 805 (1884); Clarke, Ibis, 1884, p. 144; Seebohm, Hist.
Br. B. ii. p. 327 (1884); Tristr. Faun, fy Flor. Palest p. 88 (1884) ;
Radde, Orn. Cauc. p. 319 (1884); Murray, Yertebr. Faun. Bind,
p. 109 (1884); Fischer, J.f. 0. 1885, p. 127; Kriiper, t c. p. 279 ;
Sharpe, Ibis, 1886, pp. 488, 498; Gigl. Avif. ItaL p. 214 (1886) ;
Sakad. Flenc. Ucc. ItaL p. 74 (1887); fait, Ibis, 1887, p. 305 ;
Symonds, L c. p. 237 ; Gigl. Avif. ItaL 1st Resoc. p. 352 (1889); St.
John, Bis, 1889, p. 157; Lilford, t. c. p. 331; Meade-Waldo, t. c.
p. 515 ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests §• Eggs Lid. B. iii. p. 56 (1890) ;
Zilford, Coloured Fig. B. Brit. Isl partxii. (1890); Sharpe, P. Z. S.
1890, p. 549; id. Ibis, 1891, p. 110.
Le liollier d'Europe, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. iii. p. 153, pi. x. (1775).
The Garrulous Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 1, p. 406 (1781).
Le Rollier yulgaire, Levaill. Ois. Par ad. Rolliers, i. p. 90, pis. 32, 33
(1806).
Galgulus garrulus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxix. p. 428 (1819) ;
Roux, Orn. Proveng. pi. 139 (1825) ; Menetr. B. Cam. p. 44
(1832).
Ooracias germanicus, Brehm, Yog. Deutsehl. p. 158 (1831),
Coracias plauiceps, Brehm, t.c. p. 159 (1831).
Ooracias loquax, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 68 (1854).
Ooracias bengalensis (nee L.), Keulem. Nederl. Tijdschr. 8TO, iii.
p. 380 (1866).
4 . CORA CIAS.
Adult male. General colour above light tawny brown, the inner
secondaries like the back, but with dusky greenish inner webs ; head
greenish blue, a little brighter over the eye, the base of forehead and
fore part of eyebrow whitish; lores black; fore part of cheeks and
chin white; sides of face, cheeks, and under surface of body light
greenish blue, becoming paler on the abdomen and under tail-coverts ;
breast and fore neck with mesial streaks of brighter greenish blue ;
upper wing-coverts greenish blue, except a band of small coverts
along the carpal bend of the wing, which is purplish, blue; bastard-
wing and primary-coverts greenish blue, the former externally
dark green, black at the end shaded with blue; quills black,
with a greenish-blue base to the outer web, this light basal
patch having a purplish-blue shade where it adjoins the black, the
primaries externally greenish blue, the secondaries purplish on the
outer web ; lower back and rump purplish blue ; upper tail-coverts
bluish green, mesially shaded with purple ; centre tail-feathers dull
oily green, the rest greenish blue for two thirds of their outer web,
black on their inner one, the terminal part light greenish blue with
a black shaft, this light portion increasing towards the outermost
feather, which is the only one which has a black tip : " bill blackish
horn-colour; feet dark yellow; iris dark brown" (J. A. Naumann).
Total length 12 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 7*5, tail 4*8, tarsus 0*85.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 12
inches, culmen 1*35, wing 7*4, tail 4*8, tarsus 0*9.
Young. Much duller and browner than the adults, the head and neck
dull oily green, as also the sides of the face ; the blue on the wing-
coverts much less intense, with the greenish-blue colour overshaded
with brown; chin ashy white, the lower throat streaked with greenish
white; fore neck and breast light brown, streaked with paler
shaft-lines; rest of under surface light greenish blue like the adults
but paler; the bluish-green colour on the tail much more dingy than
the adults and having no black at the end of the outer tail-feather.
Hob. Europe generally, extending to Central Asia, becoming rarer
in the North, wintering in Africa j breeding also in Cashmere, and
wintering in the extreme north-west of India.
a. Ad. sk. Shetland. F. Bond, Esq. [P.].
h, c. 3 ? juv. sk. Stockholm, Aug. Mr. W. Meves [C.j.
d. Ad. sk. Southern Spain. Lord Lilford [P.],
e. Ad. sk. Athens, Greece. Consul Merlin [P.],
/ .
$ ad.sk. KartHana, Turkey, May (W. Dr. E, B. Sharpe
Pearce). [P.].
g. S ad. sk. S. Volga, May. Hume Coll.
h. J ad. sk. Chorum, Asia Minor, May 15 Seebohm Coll.
(C. G.Banford).
hj-6 S ad.sk. Asia Minor, May (T. Robson). Tweeddale Coll.
k, I. S ad. sk. Cyprus, April (Dr.Guillemard). Lord Lilford [P.],
m, n. <$ 2 ad. sk. Egypt, April (G. JE. 8.). Shelley Coll.
o. c? ad. sk. Palestine.
Canon Tristram [C],
p} q. Ad. sk. Mesopotamia (Commander India Museum.
Jones),
VOL. XVII.
COKACIIDJE.
r, 8. Ad. sk.
t7 u. $ § ad. sir.
v, w. Ad. sk.
x. Ad. sk.
y, z. $ ad. sk.
a'. Ad. sk.
£',<?'. ^ ad. sk.
d', e'. $ a&. s^*
/,(/'. d$ ad.sk.
h'j i',f. Ad. et
juv. sk.
k'. S ad. sk.
V,m\ Ad.sk.
n'. Ad. sk.
o'. Ad. sk.
y . $ juv. sk.
qf. Ad. sk.
r'. Ad. sk.
*'. Ad. sk.
t'. $ ad. sk.
u'. <$ ad. sk.
2?'. c? ad. sk.
w', a*'. $ ad. et
imm. sk.
y\ Juv. sk.
z\ Juv. sk.
a", b". Ad. sk.
c", <?'. Ad.; e".
Juv. sk.
/' . Ad.sk.
g"-k". J ad. sk.
l"-p"-4 ; ?", r".
$ ad. sk.
*". Ad. sk.
*". § ad. sk.
u". S ad. sk.
?/', w". tf ? ad.
sk.
#". Ad. sk.
y". $ ad. sk.
5;". 5 imm. sk.
Bagdad.
Eklid and Shiraz, Persia.
Teheran.
Bushire, April.
Fao, Aug.
Mekran Coast (E. A. Butler).
Tschinas, Central Asia, April
(Russow).
Sarakks, May 20.
Tirphul and Kanibao, N. Afghanistan,
April, May.
Candahar (Dr. Griffith).
Oandahar, May (Sir 0. St.
John).
Candahar, April.
Nal, Khelat, April (0. T.
Duke).
Sind, July.
Mooltan, Sept.
Murree.
Murree, July.
Sind Valley, Cashmere, July.
Srinagar, June (Dr. G. Hen
derson).
Kangan, Cashmere, May (W.
E. Brooks).
Islamabad, May.
Cashmere, June, Aug.
Cashmere (Dr. Belleio).
Cashmere (D?\ Jerdon).
Cashmere.
Cashmere, 8000 feet.
Ladak.
Gilgit, May, July (Chi Biddulph),
Simla, Sept.
Sibi, Nov.
Masuri.
Gurwhal, Sept.
Sultanpur, Gurgaon, May,
Sept. ( W. N. Chill).
Ajmere, Aug.
Dhulia, Ehandeish, Sept. (J.
Davidson).
Satpura Hills, Oct. (V. Ball).
Sir Kenneth Loftus
PP.].
Sir 0. St. John [C.].
Charles Darwin, Esq.
[p.].
A. J. V. Palmer, Esq.
[P.].
Gumming,
"W. D
Esq. [P.].
Hume Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Br. Aitchison [P.].
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Col. Swinhoe [P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Colonel Way [P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
Pinwill Coll.
Purchased.
Purchased.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
4. COBACUS.
African specimens.
a*. Ad. sk. Mombasa (Rev. T. Wakefield), Dr. R. B. Sliarpe
b\ Ad. sk. Mombasa, E. Africa. Rev. F. A. Buxton
[P.].
c3. Ad. sk. Usambara Hills (Sir J. Shelley Ooll.
Kirk).
d3. Imm. sk. Zambesi (Dr. Bradshaw). Shelley Coll.
e5,f>.A&. sk. Tati, Matabele-Land, March W.E.&O.G. Oates,
(F. Oates). Esqrs.[P.].
g3. Imm. sk. Vaal River. F. A. Barratt, Esq.
[P.].
A3. Ad. sk. Olipliant's Nek, Jan. F. A. Barratt, Esq.
[P.].
P. Ad. sk. Durban (Gordge). Shelley Ooll.
/c3. § imm. sk. Pinetown, Jan. (T. L. Ayres). Shelley Ooll.
P.
Imm. sk. Kroonstad, May (E. P. Sy-Gurney Coll.
monds).
m3, n3. 5 ad. sk. Damara-Land, Jan. (C. J. Sliarpe Coll.
A.).
o\ 2 ad. sk. Otjimbinque, Jan. (C. J. A.). Tweeddale Coll.
i>3. Skeleton. Sharpe Ooll.
4. Coracias abyssinicus.
The Swallow-tailed Indian Roller, Edwards,, Gleanings, iii. pi. 27
(1764).
Rollier du Senegal, Daubent. PL Enl. iii. pi. 326.
Le Rollier d'Abyssinie, Daubent. t. c. pi 626; Month. Hist Nat.
Ois, iii. p. 143 (1775).
Abyssinian Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 1, p. 408 (1781).
Senegal Roller, Lath. t. c. p. 408.
Coracias abyssinica, Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl p. 38 (1783); Gm. S. N. I
p. 379 (1788); Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 105 (1837); Rupp. St/st.
Uebers. p. 23 (1845); Lefebvre, Voy. Abyss., Zool p. 79 (1849);
Strickl P. Z. S. 1850, p. 216; Bp. Consp. i. p. 167 (1850^ ;
Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 46, Taf. 431. fig. 3181 (1852); Scl.
Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 124; Heugl Sy&t. Uebers. p. 17 (1856) ;
Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 571 (1856); Hartl
Orn. W.-Afr. p. 30 (1857); Cab. Sr Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii.
p. 117 (1860); Hartl
J.f.O. 1861, p. 104; Brehm, Reis. Habesch,
p. 2J0 (1863); Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 26 (1864); Schl. Mus.
Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 134 (1867); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 76,
no. 905 (1869); Blanf. Geol $ Zool Abyss, p. 319 (1870); Finsch,
Trans, Z. S. vii. p. 220 (1870); Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 197 ; Antin.
fy Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 62 (1873) ; Hartl Abh nat Ver.
Bremen, vii. p. 110 (1881; Lado); Salvad, Ann. Mus. Genov.
(2) i. p. 115 (1884); Hartert, Xf. O. 1886, p. 592; Salvad. Ami.
Mus. Genov. (2) vi. p. 225 (1888).
Coracias senegalensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 379 (1788); Bp. Consp. I
p. 167 (1850).
Le Rollier a longs brins d'Afrique, Levaill Ois. de Parad. Rolliersf
p. 75, tab. 25 (1806).
Coracias albifrons, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. vii. p. 392 (1809).
Galgulus caudatus (nee L.)} Vieill N. Diet. aVFList. Nat.xxix. p. 433
(1819).
c2
2 0 COEACIIBJ3.
Coracias habessinica, JSempr. fy Ehr. Symb. Phys. fol. z (1828);
Hrngl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 174 (1869) ; Dresser fy Blanf Ibis,
1874, p. 337.
Coracias caudata (nee Z.), Wagler, Syst. Av., Coracias, sp. 2
(1827) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 (1845) ; id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus,
p. 34(1848).
Coraciura abyssinica, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 (1854).
Adult female. Similar to 0. garrula, but with the outer tail-
feather elongated to a great length : " bill black; feet greenish
yellow; iris brown" (W.Jesse). Total length 18 inches, culmen
1*05, wing 6*7, tail 5*4, outer tail-feather 31*3, tarsus 0*85.
Adult male. Similar to the female. Total length 16*3 inches,
culmen 1-45, wing 6*3, tail 5, outer tail-feather 10*4, tarsus 0*8.
Hab. North-eastern Africa and Senegambia, as well as the interior
of the Niger district.
a. Ad. sk. Eiver Gambia (Sir A. Shelley Coll.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e,f d $ ad.
sk.
g. S ad. sk.
h, L Ad. sk.
h. $ ad. sk.
Moloney).
K. Gambia.
Dakar, Senegal (L. Zaglaize).
Nubia.
Kokai, Bogos-Land, July ( W.
Jesse).
Kokai, July.
Bogos-Land (JEsler).
Makan, Abyssinia, April.
Sharpe Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[CO-
Shelley Coll.
W.T/Blanford,Esq.
/. $ ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n,o,p. Ad.sk.
q, r. Skeletons.
Lake Ashangi, April (W.
Jesse).
White Nile.
Shoa (Sir IV. Q. Harris).
Abyssinia.
[0.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sir S. Baker [P.].
India Museum.
W.T. Blanford, Esq.
[C], and W. Jesse,
Esq.
5. Coracias lorti.
? Coracias caudata, Ueugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. pt. 1, p. 173 (1869).
Coracias caudata (nee L.), Sahad. Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) i. p. 115
(1884).
Coracias lorti, Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 399 : Salvad. Ann. Mies. Genov.
(2) -n. p. 224 (1888).
Adult (type of species). Similar to G. caudata, bu-t having the
lilac throat arrested at the fore neck, the whole of the under surface
from the fore neck downwards being blue as in O. abyssinica. Total
length 13*5 inches, culmen 1*4, wing 6*31, tail 4*5, outer tail-
feather 7, tarsus 08 .
Hab. Prom Shoa to Somali-Land.
4 . COEACIAS.
21
6. Coracias caudatus.
Le Eollier d'Angola, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 72, pi, yii. fig-. 1 (1760) ;
Daub. PL Fnl, iii. pi. 88: Montb. Hist, Nat. Ois. iii. p. 144
(1775). L
Coracias caudata, Linn. Syst Nat. i. p. 160 (1766); Gm. Syst, Nat.
i. p. 380 (1788); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 {1845) ; Des Murs,
Iconogr. Orn. pi. 28 (1846); Gray, Cat, Fissir. Brit. Mus, i.
p. 34 (1848) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 167 (1850); Reichenb. Handb.,
Merop. p. 47, Taf. 432. %. 3182 (1852); Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852,
p. 124; Strickl. $ Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 154; Earth Orn. W.~
Afr. p. 30 (1857); Cab. % Heine, Mus. Hein. Tli. ii. p. 116 (1860) j
Hard. J.f. 0.1861, p. 104; Scl P. Z. S. 1862, p. 12,1864, p. 110 ;
Kirh, Ibis, 1864, p. 324 ; Hartl. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 824; Schl. Mus.
Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 135 (1867); Zayard, B. S. Afr. p. 61
(1867); Guraey, Ibis, 1868, p. 461; Cab. in Von der Declcen's Reis.
iii. p. 34 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 569; Layard, Ibis, 1869,
p. 364; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 76, no. 904 (1869); Finsch 8f
Hartl. Yog. Ostafr. p. 154 (1870); Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 154;
Gumeyin Anderss. B. Dam.-Ld. p. 53 (1872); Buckley, Ibis, 1874,
p. 364; Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 198; Cab. J.f.O. 1878, p. 234;
Fischer $ Reichen. J.f.O. 1878, p. 254; Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. 290;
Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 84 (1881); Sharpe in Oates' Matabele-
Land, p. 302 (1881); Shelley, P, Z. 8. 1881, p. 566; id. P. Z. S
1882, p. 302; id. Ibis, 1882, p. 243; Fischer, Zeitsch. i. p. 359
(1884); Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. 8. Afr. pp. 104, 805 (1884);
Boehm, J.f.O. 1885, p. 57; Fischer, J. f. O. 1886, p. 127; Ayres,
Ibis, 1886, p. 284, 1887, p. 50; Matschie, J.f.O. 1887, p. 152;
Scludow, t.c. p. 236; Tristr. Ibis, 1889, p. 225; Emin, J.f.O.
1891, p. 59 (Ugogo).
Long-tailed Eoller, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 1, p. 409 (1781).
Coracias angolensis, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vii. p. 394, pi. 51 (1809).
Coraciura caudata, Bp. Consp. Voluer. Anisod. p. 7 (1854).
Coracias naevia (nee Daud.), Bianc. Spec. Zool. Mosamb. fasc. 14.
p. 49 (1865).
Coracias abyssinica (nee Bodd.), Chapm. Trav. S. Afr. ii. App.
p. 408 (1868).
Adult male. Eorehead and eyebrow hoary white ; head and back
of neck pale glossy green, the feathers pale brown at base, giving a
fuscous appearance to the plumage; back and scapulars pale drab,
washed with green; lower portion of the back and rump splendid
cobalt, inclining to vivid green on the upper tail-coverts; greater
coverts greenish cobalt, some of the innermost tinged with ultr&marine;
quills black, the basal portion silvery-greenish cobalt,
the primary-coverts also of this colour; primaries externally edged
with deep ultramarine, inclining to cobalt towards the extremity of
the feather; some of the secondaries rather broadly washed with
cobalt, the innermost drab like the back ; general colour of the tail
vivid greenish cobalt, the centre feathers olive-green, the next ones
tinted with this colour towards the tip, and so on towards the outermost,
each feather being gradually less stained with green ; the two
outer rectrices much elongated and narrowed, the elongated portion
gradually verging from dark blue into deep black; chin hoary white;
cheeks, throat, and upper portion of the breast rich vinaceous, the
COBA.CHDM.
shafts of some of the feathers being traced by longitudinal lines of
white ; rest of the under surface of body, with the under wing- and
tail-coverts, brilliant greenish cobalt: " bill black; feet greenish
yellow; iris yellowish brown, the ring round the eye greenish
yellow" (G. J. Andersson). Total length 15 inches, culmen 1*4,
wing 7, tail 5*5, tarsus 0*8.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 13*5
inches, culmen 1*3, wing 6*3, tail 7, tarsus 0*8.
Hah. Interior of South Africa to Angola on the West and to the
Zanzibar region on the East Coast, as far as Uzinza.
a. Imni.sk.
b. Ad. sk.
e. Juv. sk.
d. 2 ad. sk.
e,f. cS ad. sk.
g. S ad. sk.
h. 5 ad. sk.
i. <$ ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n-q. Ad. etjuv.
sk.
r. Ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
t. Ad. sk.
u, v. Ad. et juv.
sk.
%v, x. Ad.sk.
y, z, a'. Ad. et
imm. sk.
b', c'. $ ad. et
juv. sk.
. d', e\ 6 $ ad.
sk.
f. $ ad. sk.
g'. S ad. sk.
h\ Ad. sk.
i'. c? juv. sk.
Durban, Natal (Gordge).
Oliphantfs Nek.
Magaliesberg, Transvaal.
Limpopo, Mav 12 (W. Ayres).
Transvaal; July (T. E. Buck
ley).
Matabele-Land (Dr. JExton).
Geruah (F. Oates).
1st Makalaka Kraal, Aug. 18
(F. Oates).
Makalaka Country (Dr. Bradshazv).
Zambesi River.
Zambesi River (Dr. Metier).
Tete, Zambesi (Sir J. Kirk).
Zanzibar.
Pangani River; E. Africa (Sir
J. Kirk).
Dar-es-Salaam (E. C. Buxton).
Uaeri River, east of Kilimanjaro,
July.
Mombasa (Rev. T. Wakefield).
Mombasa.
Otjimbinque, Damara-Land,
Feb., July (C. J. Andersson).
Otjimbinque, Jan., May (C.
J. A,j.
Humbe, Cunene River (X
Anchieta).
liuilla, Benguela (J. Anchieta).
Loando (/. Thompson).
Ambriz, April (J. J. Monteiro).
Shelley Coll.
F.
A. Barratt, Esq.
[0.].
F. A. Barratt, Esq.
Gurney Coll.
Shelley ColL
Sliarpe Coll.
W. E. & C. G. Oates,
Esqrs. [P.].
W. E. $ 0. G. Oates,
Esqrf [P.].
Shelley Coll."
Sir J. Kirk [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Livingstone Exped.
Massena Coll.
Shelley ColL
Shelley Coll.
H.
C. V. Hunter,
Esq. pp.].
R.
B. Sharpe, Esq.
[P.].
Rev. A. F. Buxton
[P.].
Sliarpe Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
Shelley ColL
Shelley ColL
Shelley ColL
Sharpe ColL
7. Coracias spatulatus.
Coracias spatulata, Trimen, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 30; Socage, Orn.
Angola, p. 536 (1881); Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 243: Tristr. Ibis,
1888, p. 2Q6; Emin, J.f. 0. 1891, p. 59 (Ugogo).
4 . C0KACIAS.
Ooracias dispar, Bocage, Jorn. Lisb. 1880, p. 227.
Coracias caudata (nee Z.), Sharpe in Oates1 Matabele-Land, App.
Birds, p. 302 (1881 x. pt.), specimen d.
Coracias weigalli, Dresser, Ann. & Mag. Nat Hist (6) vi. p. 851
(1890),
Adult male. Light olivaceous brown above, inclining to lilac on
the lower back ; rump lilac-bine ; upper tail-coverts purplish blue;
lesser wing-coverts deep purplish blue like the bastard-wing and
primary-coverts ; remainder of wing-coverts pale cinnamon washed
with reddish lilac, the innermost secondaries of the same colour,
but tipped with purplish black; primaries black, externally purplish
blue, and showing a broad basal patch of cobalt; secondaries cobalt-
blue, with a broad terminal band of purplish black; centre tail-
feathers black, the median ones washed with olive-green, the two
next washed with purplish blue, the next with a patch of cobalt on the
outer web, this occupying the greater part of the two penultimate
feathers, while the outermost is cobalt-blue with a black shaft; the
end of the tail black and produced, ending in a small racket; lores
and eyebrow white; sides of face and entire under surface of body
pale greenish blue. Total length 13*5 inches, culmen 1-25, wing
0*4, tail 5'2) longest tail-feather 7*5, tarsus 0*75.
Adult female. Similar to the female. Total length 14 inches,
culmen 14, wing 6*45, tail 4-9, tarsus 0-7.
A younger bird, identified by me as C. caudata in Oates' ' Mata-
bele-Land,' has the sides of the face and the sides of the chest lilac-
brown streaked with white. The throat, however, is bluish, the
primary-coverts are purplish blue, and concealed by the under tail-
coverts is the spatulated outer feather just beginning to appear.
During my recent visit to Berlin, Dr. Eeichenow and I carefully
examined the series of Eacket-tailed Eollers in the Museum there,
and we were perfectly agreed in considering the specimens with the
lilac on the sides of the face and chest to be immature birds.
Canon Tristram has kindly lent me the type of G. weigalli from
his collection, and, notwithstanding that it has the appearance
of being fully adult, I believe that it is really only an immature
individual.
Eab. Makalaka country in S.E. Africa to Lake Tanganyika and
Ugogo, west to Benguela.
a. $ imm. sk.
h. S ad. sk.
Pantanatenka Kiver, Jan. (F.
Oates).
Umvuli Kiver, Aug. 2 (J. S.
Jameson).
W. E. & C. G. Oates,
Eaqrs. [P.].
Shelley Coll.
c. Ad. sk.
d. $ ad.sk.
"Ugogo {JSmtn Pasha).
Caconda, Benguela (X AncMeta).
Berlin Museum [PA
Lisbon Muaeum [P.|.
COKACIIDJS,
8. Coracias usevius.
Coracias nsevia, Baud. TraitS, ii. p. 258 (1800) ; Licht. Vers. Doubl.
p. 20 (1823); Striekl. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 216; 8harpe, Ibis, 1871,
p. 190 (pfc.) ; Antin. fy Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 63 (1873) ; Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) i. p. 114 (1884): Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 399;
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) vi. p. 223 (1888).
? Hairy Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. Snppl. ii. p. 123 (1801).
F Coracias pilosa, Lath. 2nd. Orn. Suppl. p. xxvii (1801); Vieill. N.
Diet. aVJEList. Nat xxix. p. 430 (1819).
Le Rollier varie d'Afrique dans son jeune age, Levaill. Ois. Par ad.
Rolliers, p. 84, pi. 29 (1806).
? Coracias crinita, Steph, in Shawns Gen. Zool. vii. p. 401 (1809);
Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 7 (1854).
? Galgulus pilosus, Vieill. Em. Meth. ii. p. 867 (1823).
Coracias nuchalis, Swains. B. W. Afr ii. p. 110 (1837) ; Gray, Gen.
B. i. p. 62 (1845); Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 7 (1854).
Coracias levaillanti, Temm. (ubi?); Riipp. Syst. JJebers. p. 23 (1845)
Heugl Syst. Uehers. p. 18 (1856).
Coracias
pilosa, Gray, Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 34 (1848); Bp.
Consp. i. p. 167 (1850) ; Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 49, Taf. 433.
fig. 3184 (1852) ; Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 124; Horsf. $ Moore,
Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 571 (1856); Bartl. Orn. TV-Afr.
p. 30 (1857); Cab. ty Heine, 3Ius. Hein. Th. ii. p. 117 (1860);
Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 27 (1864); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Coraces, p. 137 (1867, pt.); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 75, no. 898
(1809); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 172 (1869); Blanf. Geol fy
Zool Abyss, p. 319 (1870) ; Finsch, Trans. Z. 8. vii. p. 221 (1870) ;
Hartl. Abhandl. not. Ver. Bremen, vii. p. 110 (1881; Muffoi):
llartert, J.f.O. 1886, p. 592.
Adult male. General colour above olivaceous, the head not like
the back, but clear reddish lilac like the under surface; a white
nuchal patch; lores and base of forehead as well as a broad eyebrow
white; lower rump and upper tail-coverts lilac-Hue, the
latter more purplish blue ; wing-coverts reddish lilac, brighter along
the edge of the wing ; the smaller coverts near the carpal bend of
the wing deep blue like the bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and
outer aspect of the quills ; the secondaries more or less lilac near
their bases, this colour extending on the inner secondaries, the
innermost of which are olive-lilac like the back, slightly washed
with green; the primaries also washed with greenish blue on their
outer web ; tail-feathers dark purplish blue, with a greenish shade
on the centre ones; chin white; under surface of body reddish
lilac, streaked with white centres to the feathers; thighs almost
white; under tail-coverts pale lilac; under wing-coverts pale lilac
reddish ; quills dusky below, shaded with blue, the base of the quills
greyish white : " bill black; feet pale yellowish olive; iris brown
almost raw sienna" ( W. T. Blanford). Total length 12 inches,
culmen 1*7, wing 7*4, tail 5*3, tarsus 1.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 12-5
inches, culmen 1*45, wing 7, tail 5*4, tarsus 0*9.
Young. Forehead, eyebrow, and nuchal patch very distinct •
4 . C0RACI1S.
25
upper surface of body olive-green; wing-eovorfcs as in the adult, but
more mixed with reddish brown; quills as in the adult, but the
inner secondaries more decided olive-green ; middle of back dull
reddish brown; tail for the most part ultramarine, all the feathers
edged with olive-green, except the two middle ones, which arc entirely
of this colour; under surface of body dull greyish brown,
becoming reddish on the flanks, all the white stripes very broad and
distinct and having a very slight greenish lustre. Total length
11*5 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 7, tail 5*5, tarsus 0*8.
The Soncgambian birds, true 0. ncevia, are somewhat different
from those from North-eastern Africa. They have a slight
shade of greyish olive at the end of the feathers of the crown,
which is otherwise reddish. I have, however, not seen enough
specimens to enable me to judge whether these slight differences
are constant, and the bird from the Niger will also require
comparison.
Bab. North-eastern Africa to Shoa and Equatorial Africa, and
south to the Ulu country; Sonegambia and the Niger region on the
"West Coast.
a. Ad. sk. N.E. Africa. Purchased.
b. J ad. sk. Near Undel Wells, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, Esq.
c. £ ad. sk.
cL § ad. sk.
e. $ ad. sk.
April.
Koomayli, March ( W. Jesse).
Maragaz, Bogos-Land, July(W. Jesse),
Kokai, Bogos, July.
[P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
/ . <J* ad. sk.
(/. Ad. sk.
h. $ ad. sk.
i. $ ad. sk.
k. $ ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
Kokai, July (W. Jesse).
Anseba River (Esler).
Efat, Shoa, April (Sir W. C.
Harris),
Alia Amba, Feb. (W> C. IL).
Muggi, Oct. 28 (Emm Pasha).
River Gambia.
River Gambia (Sir A.
Salvm-Godman Coll.
Shelley Coll.
India Museum.
India Museum.
Shelley Coll.
Sharpo Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Moloney).
9. Coracias olivaceiceps *.
Coracias pilosa (nee Lath.), Gumey, P. Z. S. 1804, p. % 1808, p. 401;
Chapm. Trav. S. Afr. ii. App. p. 408 (1868); Sharpe, P. Z. S.
1869, p. 569.
* Eor the last twelve months the name of C. olivaceiceps has been attached
to the South-African form of G. ncevia in the MSS. of the present volume of
the ' Catalogue.' In the meantime Mr. Dresser has described the species as
G. mosambicus, and I should gladly have adopted his name if there bad been
any proof forthcoming of the occurrence of this Roller in Mozambique : but the
Coracias ncevia of Bianconi's work has been shown by Drs. Einsch and Hartlaub
to be only C. catidata (Vog. Ostafr. p. 154). I therefore employ my own
designation for the species until it is pro\ed that the name of mosambicus
can be properly applied to it.
COEACIIDJS.
Coracias nuchalis (nee Swains.), layard, JB. S. Afr. p. 60 (1867);
Chapm. Trav. S. Afr., App. p. 408 (1868).
Coracias nasvia (nee Baud.), Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 190; Gurney in
Anderss. B. Dam.-Zd. p. 54 (1872) ; Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 363 ;
Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 83 (1881); Sharpe in Oates1 Matabele-Zand,
p. 302 (1881); id. ed. Bayard's B. 8. Afr. pp. 103, 805 ; Shelley,
Bis, 1882, p. 243 ; Ayres, Ibis, 1886, p. 284 • Symonds, Ibis, 1887,
p. 327.
Coracias nasvia levaillanti (nee Temm.), Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 399.
Coracias rnosambica, Dresser, Ibis, 1890, p. 385.
Adult male. Similar to Q. ncevia, but larger, with a larger bill,
and having the crown olive like the back, instead of being lilac-
red ; the throat also is washed with dull purplish, which causes it
to contrast with the rest of the under surface, which is lilac-red:
" bill black ; feet dull greenish yellow; iris ashy brown" (2'.
Ayres). Total length 14 inches, culm en 1*8, wing 7*5, tail 5*5,
tarsus 0*9.
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 13 inches,
culmen 1*6. wing 7*2, tail 5*7, tarsus 1*05.
Hah. South Africa, from the Orange River to the Zambesi on
the east and to Angola on the west.
a. Ad. sk. South Africa (E. L. Layard). Sharpe Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Orange Free State. A. Sharpe, Esq. [P.],
e. S ad. sk. Transvaal (T. Ayres). Shaipe Cull.
d.
$ ad. sk. Transvaal, July (T. E. BuckShelley
Coll.
ley).
e. S
ad. sk. Rustenberg, June 24 (T. Gurney Coll.
Ayres).
/.
<5 ad. sk. Matabele-Land, Sept. (T. E. Shelley Coll.
Buckley).
g.
<$ ad. sk. 2nd Makalaka Kraal, Sept. (F. W.E.&O.G. Oates,
Oates). Esqrs. [P.].
h. Ad. sk. Otjirnbinque, Damara-Land ( C. Tweeddale Coll.
J. Anderssori).
i. $ ad. sk. Otjirnbinque, March (C. J. Sharpe Coll.
Andersson).
1c. Juv. sk. Ondonga, Ovampo, Jan. (C. Sharpe Coll.
J. A.).
1. <$ ad. sk. Caconda, Benguela, June (J. Shelley Coll.
Anchieta).
m.
$ imm. sk. Ambriz, Angola, Feb. (/. /. Sharpe Coll.
Monteiro).
10. Coracias temmincki.
Le Rollier Temminck, Levaill. Ois. Farad. Bottlers, iii. SuppL
p. 46. fig. G (1806).
G^d^fes-temmincki, Vieill. JV". Diet. xxix. p. 435 (1819).
Rollier d'Urville, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. AstroL, Atlas, pi. 16
Coracias papuensis, Quoy et Gaim. op. cit. Zool. i. p. 220 (1830).
Coracias pileata, Bp. Consp. Vol Ants.-p. 7 (1854, ex Meinw. MSS.).
Eurystomus pileatus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 316.
4 . COKACUS.
27
Coracias temmincki, Wall Ibis, 1864, p. 41; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Coraces, p. 138 (1867) ; Gray, Handrl. B. i. p. 75, no. 899 (I860) ;
Walden, Trans. Z. 8. viii. p. 43 (1872); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 59 ;
Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, etc. I. p. 512 (1880) ; Blasius, Zeitschr. ges.
Orn. ii. p. 242 (1885), iii. p. 88 (1886).
Adult male. Above olive-groen washed with lighter green; lower
back and rump purplish blue; upper tail-coverts bright silvery-
cobalt ; wings and tail purplish blue, the inner secondaries washed
with olive-green like the back; crown of head and nape bright
cobalt, with a slight greenish shade; lores, sides of face, sides of
neck, and a broad collar round the hind neck black with a purplish
wash ; under surface of body dark purplish blue, with a white chin-
spot, the throat and chest having the feathers mesially streaked
with lighter purplish blue; under wing-covcrts, axillaries, and
quill-lining bright purplish blue : " bill black; feet yellowish
brown; iris clear hazel-brown " (Dr. Platen). Total length 14-5
inches, culmen 1*6, wing 7*35, tail 5-5, tarsus 0*85.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 13
inches, culmen 1*6, wing 7*2, tail 5-6, tarsus 0-9.
Hab. Celebes.
a, b. Ad. et juv.
sk.
Menado. "Wallace Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Makassar. Wallace Coll.
d, e. <$ ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
Celebes (Mus. Lugd.).
Celebes.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
11. Coracias cyanogaster.
Le Eollier
a ventre bleu, Levaitt. Ois. Parad. Rolliers, p. 78, pi. 26
(1806).
Coracias cyanogastra, Cuv. Begne Anim. i. p. 401 (1817); Wagl.
Syst Av. Coracias, no. 6 (1827); Jard. § Selby, PL Orn. iii. pi.
cxxiii. (c. 1830); Swains. B. W. Aft. ii. p. 108, pi. xiii. (1837);
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 (1845); id. Cat Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 34
(1848); Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 167 (1850); Reichenb. Handb.,
Merop. p. 48, Taf. 432. figs. 3683-84 (1852); Sartl Orn. Westafr.
p. 30 (1857); Cab. Sf Seine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 110 (1860); Eartl.
J.f 0.1861, p. 104; 8c7iL Mus. Paxjs-Bas, Coraces, p. 136 (1867) ;
Bocage, Jorn. Zisb. 1867, p. 133; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 76 (1869);
Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 202.
Galgulus
cyanogaster, Vieill N. Diet d'Mst Nat xxix. p. 436
(1819).
Coraciura cyanogastra, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 7 (1854).
Adult. Head, neck, and breast pale fawn-colour, everywhere pervaded
with a silvery green lustre, so that the ground-colour is not
perceptible; chin, an obsolete eyebrow, and longitudinal streaks on
the throat hoary white; upper portion of the back and scapulars
deep olive-brown; wing-coverts vivid ultramarine, the least ones
round the carpal joint beautiful silvery cobalt; quills black, glossed
above and below with ultramarine, the basal half of the primaries
and also of the outer secondaries silvery cobalt, forming a con
COKACIIDiE.
spicuous rbroad alar bar; innermost secondaries olive-brown like
the scapulars, with which they imperceptibly blend; lower portion
of back, rump, and upper tail-coverts brilliant ultramarine, the latter
slightly tinged with a cobalt lustre; tail brilliant cobalt, more
especially on the under surface, the shafts black, and the two outer
tail-feathers elongated, the ends being black glossed with blue,
all the tail-coverts being barred indistinctly in some lights ; lower
part of the breast, belly, and under tail-coverts deep ultramarine-
blue, with a faint cobalt lustre on the latter; thighs also ultramarine,
but brilliant cobalt on the inner side of the leg, just above
the tarsal joint• under wing-coverts and axillaries brilliant cobalt.
Total length 15 inches;, culmen 1*45, wing 7*5, tail 7*3, tarsus 1.
Hob, Senegambia.
a. <$ ad. sk. Senegal (oVJEinville). Riocour Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Senegambia. Purchased.
c. d. Ad. sk. River Gambia. Sharpe Coll.
e. Ad. sk. River Gambia {Sir A. Shelley Coll.
Moloney).
f,g,h. Ad. sk. Dakar, Jan. (Z. Laglaize). Tweeddale Coll.
5.
EUBYSTOMUS.
Type.
Eurystomus, Yieill Analyse, p. 37 (1816) E. orientalis.
Oolaris, Cuv. Regne Anim. i. p. 401 (1817) E. orientalis.
Cornopio, Cab. \ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 119
(I860) E. afer.
Bangs. The whole of tropical Africa and Madagascar. India and
Ceylon through the Burmese countries north to Manchuria and
JNTorthern China; south through the Burmese countries, and all over
the Malay Archipelago to Australia.
Key to the Species.
a. Tail light blue, with a black terminal band and
black shaft; underparts lilac or cinnamon-
brown like the back.
a'. Under tail-coverts greenish blue* no blue
throat-patch.
a". Larger: wing 8*3 inches glaueurus, p. 29.
b". Smaller: wing not exceeding 7*o inches . afer, p. 30.
b'. Under tail-coverts cinnamon like the breast •
a large patch of greenish cobalt on the
throat , gularis, p. 32.
b. Tail black, bluish at base only or shaded with
purplish blue,
c'. Throat streaked with bright purplish blue,
forming a gular patch.
c". With a black tip to the culmen.
a'". Terminal half of tail black, not shaded
wdth purplish blue above; head blackish,
as also the mantle; shorter secondaries
black, or with only a marginal r . . 7. ort shade of polish Mue...7 *...{%£%>&*•
5 . EURISTOMtrS
b'". Terminal half of tail black, distinctly
shaded with purplish "blue j secondaries
black, externally shaded with purplish
blue like the tail.
a%. Head and mantle pale greenish brown ;
under surface of body pale greenish
blue; base of tail greenish blue ... . australis, p. 36.
b%
. Head and mantle blackish; under
surface of body blue.
a5. Smaller: wing 7*4 inches colonyx, p. 38.
b'\ Larger : wing 7*9 inches crassirostris, p. 39.
d". Bill entirely red, with no black tip to the
culmen ; wing 7'7-7*9 inches solomonmsis, p. 40.
d\ Entire under surface of body purplish blue,
with no bright gular patch azureus, p. 40.
1. Eurystomus glaucurus.
Le Kollier de Madagascar, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. iii. p. 148 (1775).
Le Rolle de Madagascar, Daubent. PI Enl. iii. pi. 501.
Coracias glaucurus, P. L. S. Midler, 8. N. Anhang, p. 80 (1776);
Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1864, p. 242.
Madagascar Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 1, p. 413 (1781).
Coracias orientalis (nee L.), Bodd. Tall. PI. Enl. p. 29 (1783).
Coracias madagascariensis, Herm. Tabl. Affin. Anim. p. 197 (1783);
Gm. S. N. i. p. 379 (1788).
Le Grand Rolle Violet Levaill. Ois. Par ad. BolUers, p. 96. pi. 34
(1806).
Colaris madagascariensis, Citvier, Begne Anim. p. 401 (1817);
Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 56, Taf. 428. fig. 3200 (1852).
Eurystomus violaceus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxix. p. 426
(1819).
Colaris violaceus, Wagl. Syst. Av, Colaris, sp. 1 (1827).
Eurystomus madagascariensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 (1845); Bp.
Consp. i. p. 168 (1850); id. Consp. Vohicr. Anis. p. 7 (1854);
Hartl. Faun. Madag. p. 27 (1861); Booh 8f E. Newt. Ibis, 1862,
p. 270, 1863, p. 176; E. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 341; Behl Mm
Pays-Bas, Ooraces, p. 143 (1867) ; Grand. Bev. et Mag. de Zool.
1867, p. 354; Schl. $ Poll. Faun. Madag., Ois. p. 103 (1868);
Hartl Vdg. Madag. p. 67 (1877).
Cornopio madagascariensis, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 119
(1860).
Eurystomus glaucurus, Gray, Hand4. B.i. p. 76, no. 910 (1869);
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 397; id. Ibis, 1871, p. 271; Milne-Ediu.
$ Grand. H. N. Madag., Ois. I p. 214, pis. 80, 81, 82 (1879).
Adult. General colour cinnamon; lesser wing-coverts skirting the
edge of the wing and the greater series deep ultramarine, the remainder
like the back; quills black, washed externally with ultramarine,
the inner web cobalt on the under surface, the secondaries
dusky at the base, the innermost ones lilac-brown like the scapulars;
lower portion of the rump and upper tail-eoverts dull cobalt; tail
for the most part pale cobalt-blue, with a broad band of black at
the tip shaded with purplish blue ; under surface of body cinnamon
glossed with lilac; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts greenish
30
coiucTiD.ffi.
"blue; thighs lilac-brown washed with blue : " bill yellow; feet
greenish yellow; iris brown" (A Qrandidier). Total length 12
inches, culmen 1*15, wing 8-2, tail 4*7, tarsus 0*6.
Young. Much duller in colour than the adults, inclining to
rufous-brown on the upper surface and on the throat; the rest of
the under surface from the fore neck downwards washed with
greenish blue.
Hab. Madagascar,
and Anjuan Island.
a. Ad. sk. Madagascar.
A. Crossley [C.].
b. Ad.; c, d. Juv. sk.
Madagascar. Sharpe Coll.
e.
$ ad. sk. Madagascar, Oct. 13 {Pollen Tweeddale Coll.
and Van Dam).
f,g. Ad.; h. Juv. N.E. Madagascar ( Van Dam). Shelley Coll.
sk.
*. Ad. sk.
Anjuan Island (Sir John Shelley Coll.
kirk),
k. Skeleton.
M. Verreaux.
2. Etirystomus afer.
African Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. i. p. 86 (1787).
Coracias afra, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 172 (1790).
Coracias africana, Shaw $ Nodder, Nat. Misc. xi. pi. 401 (1799).
Le Petit Bolle violet, Levaill. Ois. de Farad., Bolliers, pi. 35 (1806).
Colaris afra, Cuv. Begne Anim. i. p. 401 (1817) ; Reichenb. ttandb.,
Merop. p. 56, Taf. 438. figs. 3201, 3202 (1852;.
Eurystomus purpurascens, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxix. p. 427
(1819) ; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Ants. p. 7 (1854).
Eurystomus rubescens, Vieill. N. Diet. xxix. p. 426 (1819) ; Swains.
B. W. Afr. ii. p. 112 (1837).
Eurystomus afra, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 97 (1820); Gray, Gen.
B. i. p. 62 (1845); Bp. Consp. i. p. 108 (1850); Antin. Cat.
descr. Ucc. p. 27 (1865).
Colaris purpurascens, Wagler, Syst. Av. Colaris, sp. 2 (1827).
Colaris viridis, Wagler, op. cit. sp. 5 (1827) ; Meichenb. Handb.,
Merop.y.57 (1852).
Eurystomus orientalis (nee X.), Bupp. Syst. Uebers. p. 23 (1845);
Heugl. Syst. Uebers. $. 17 (1856).
Eurystomus viridis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62 (1845): Bp. Consp. i.
p. 168 (1850).
Eurystomus afer, Gray, Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 32 (1848) ; Strickl.
P. Z. S. 1850, p. 216 ; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 7 (1854); Verr.
Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1855, p. 414; Marti Orn. W.-Afr. p. 28
(1857) ; Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 33 ; Hartl. J.f O. 1861,
p. 104; Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 324; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces,
p. 142 (1867) ; Heugl. Orn. N.O.~Afr. i. pt. i. p. 169 (1869) ; Gray,
Mand-l B. i. p. 7% no. 911 (1869) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 193 ; id.
P. Z. S. 1869, p. 569; Blanf. Geol. § Zool. Abyss, p. 320 (1870);
Finsch, Trans. Z.S.viL p. 220 (1870); Sharpe, Ibis, 1871, p. 274;
Shelley § Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 286; TIssher, Ibis, 1874, p. 48;
Beichen. J.f.O. 1875, p. 14; Sharpe fy Bouvier, Bull. Soe. Zool.
France, i. pp. 39, 303 (1876) ; lieichen. J.f.O. 1877, p. 2; Ayres,
Ibis, 1877, p. 342 ; Cab. J.f O. 1878, p. 234; Fischer ^ Beichen.
J.f. 0.1879, p. 343; Oust. N. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. Bull p. 71 (1879) ;
Bocage, Orn, Angola, p. 85 (1881); Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 124;
5 . ETJKYSTOMtJS.
31
Sharpe in Oates1 Matabek-Land, App. p. 802(1881); Marti AbhandL
nat. Ver. Bremen, vxi. p. 110 (1881); Shelley, P. Z. S.1881,
p. 565; Pelz. Sits. z.-b. Oes. Wien, xxxi. p. 143 (1881), xxxii. p. 500
(1882); Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 243 ; Sehahw, J.f 0.1883, p. 340;
Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 484 (1884); Fischer, Zeitschr.
ges. Orn. i. p. 359 (1884) ; Bohn, J.f. 0. 1885, p. 57; Fischer,
t. c. p. 127; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 224; Biittih Notes Lei/den
Mus. vii. p. 158 (1885), viii. p. 248 (1886); Hartert, J.f 0.1886,
p. 592; Matschie, J.f. 0. 1887, p. 152; Schalow, t. c. p. 230;
Reichen. t. c. p. 305 j Buttik. Notes Ley dm Mus. x. p. 02 (1888^;
Tristr. Ibis, 1888, p. 266; Shelley, t. c. p. 298; id. P. Z. S. 188&,
p. 44 ; id Ibis, 1890, p. 167.
Cornopio afer,
Cab. 8p Heine, Mus. Eein. Tk. ii. p. 119 (1860) ; Cab.
in Von der Decherfs Reis. iii. p. 34 (1869).
Adult. Similar to E. glaucurus, but much smaller: " bill yellow ;
feet and iris brown " (T. Ay res). Total length 9*5 inches, culmen
0-9, wing 6-8, tail 3*45, tarsus 0'6.
Young. Similar to the adult, but having the under surface washed
with pale greenish blue from the breast downwards, the lower
flanks being entirely blue; wing-coverts pale greyish brown, and
all the rest of the plumage much paler than in the adult.
Although E. afer is a conspicuously smaller bird
as a rule than
E. glaucurus, yet the former bird varies considerably with locality,
and in the British Museum series the wing varies from 6*4 inches
to 7*1 inches, those from the West Coast being decidedly smaller
than the ones from Eastern Africa.
Hab. Nearly the whole of tropical Africa.
a. £
ad. sk. Senegarhbia (d'Emville). Riocour Coll.
Daranka, Gambia (L. La-Shelley Coll.
b. Ad. sk.
glaize).
e. Ad. sk.
Gambia (Sir A. Moloney). Shelley Coll.
d. Ad. sk.
Gold Coast Leyden Mus.
e-h. Ad. et imrn. Accra, Feb., April (H. T. Sharpe Coll.
sk. Ussherfy J. Smith).
i. Inim. sk. Fantee. Sharpe Coll.
ft, l 6 ? ad. sk. Abo Kobi, Aguapim. Feb. (G. Shelley Coll.
E. S.).
m. Ad. sk.
Shonga, River Niger. Capt. M. Ferryman
n, o. Ad. sk.
Gaboon (JET. T. Ansell). Sharpe Coll.
p.
Imm.sk. Congo. Commander Sperling
[P.].
a. Ad.sk.
Landana, Congo (L. Petit). Shelley Coll.
r.
<5 ad. sk. Potchef stroom, Transvaal, Nov. Gurney Coll.
26(T.Ayres).
s. S ad. sk. Umvungu River, Nov. 3 (F. W.E.&C.G. Oates,
Oates). Esqrs. [P.l
t.
Ad. sk. Umvuli River, Oct. (J. S. Shelley (toll.
Jameson).
u. Ad. sk.
Zambesi River (Dr. Meller). Sharpe Coll.
v. Ad.; w. Juv.
Zambesi River. Dr. Bradshaw [C],
sk.
#. tf ad. sk. Duruma, E. Africa, Jan. Dr.Hildebrandt[C.].
C0RACTID.E.
y.
Ad.; z. Juv. Usambara Mountains {Sir J.
sk. Kirk),
a'. Ad. sk. Dar-es-Salaani (E. C. Buxton),
b', c'. Ad. sk. Mombasa.
d'. Ad. sk. Mombasa, Feb.
<*'>/'• d1 a(*. sk. Kilimanjaro, 8000 feet.
</. ? ad. sk. Tingasi, Equatorial Africa,
July 16. ^
h'. J ad. sk. Kutsckugali, Niarn-Niam, Sept.
ev. Ad. sk. Barka (Esler).
k'9 V' d S ad. sk. Kokai, Lebka River, July.
m'. £ ad. sk. Kokai, July 12 {W. Jesse).
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Rev. A. F. Buxton
F.
J. Jackson, Esq.
[p.].
H. H. Johnston,
Esq. [C.].
Emin Pasha [P.].
F. Bohndorff[C.].
Sharpe Coll.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[0.].
Seebohm Coll.
3. Eiirystomus gularis.
Le Petit Rolle violet a gorge bleue, Levaill. Ois. de Parad. Rolliers,
pi. 36 (1806).
Eurystomus gularis, Vieill N, Diet. 'd'Uist. Nat. xxix. p.-246-(1819);
Jard. 8f Selby, III. Orn. ii. pi. 409 (c. 1830); Gray, Gen.B.i.
p. 62 (1845); id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mas. p. 33 (1848); Bp. Consp.
i. p. 108 (1850) ; id. Consp. Voluer. Anis. p. 7 (1854); Verr. Rev.
et Mag. de Zool. 1855, p. 415; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 29 (1857);
Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 33; Hartl. J.f. 0.1861, p. 104;
SM. Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 143 (1867) ,* Gray, Hand-L B. i.
p. 76, no. 909 (1869); Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 484, 1871, p. 278;
Shelley 8> Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 286; Ussher, Ibis, 1874. p. 49 ;
Reichen. J.f.O. 1875, p. 14; ScL Ibis, 1876, p. 247; Oust. N.
Arch. Mus. (2) ii. p. 130 (1879); Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. vii.
p. 159 (1865).
Oolaris gularis, Wagler, Syst. Av. Colaris, sp. 3 (1827); Reichenb.
Handb., Merop.y. 57, Taf. 438. %. 3203 (1852).
Eurystomus collaris, Vig. Zool. Journ. v. p. 273 (1832).
Cornopio gularis, Cab. § Seine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 119, note
(1860).
Adult. Similar to E. glaucurus, but smaller, and of about the same
size as E. afer. It differs from both species, however, in having
black upper tail-coverts, cinnamon under tail-coverts like the abdomen,
and a large patch of greenish cobalt on the throat: " bill horn-
brown, yellow at base; feet greyish brown; iris dark" {A. ReicTienow).
Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 1, wing 5*9, tail 3-4,
tarsus 0*6.
Hab. "West Africa, from Liberia to Gaboon.
a. Ad. sk. Sierra Leone. Tweeddale Coll.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad.sk.
Gold Coast.
Fantee (JET. F. Blissett).
Wasa Province, March (H.
Leyden Museum.
Sharpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
e. Ad. sk.
/ , g, h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
F. B.).
Wasa.
Denkera (H. T. Ussher).
Gaboon ( Walker).
Sir R. Burton & Capt.
Cameron [P.].
Shelley Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
O. EURYSTOMffS.
33
4. Eurystomus orientalis. (Plate II.fig. 1.)
Le Ptollier des Indes, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 75, pi. 7. fig. 2 (1700) ;
Daubent. PI. Enl. iii. pi. 619: Month. Nat. Hist. Ois. iii. p. 147
(1775). v
Coracias orientalis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 159 (17G6) ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 379
(1788); Baffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 302 (1820).
Oriental Roller, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 411 (1781).
Le Eolle a gorge bleue, Levaill Ois. de Farad. Rolliers, p. 183, pi. 36
(1806;.
Eurystomus orientalis, Steph.in Shale's Ge)i. Zool. vii. p. 403 (1809) ;
Swains. An. in Menag. p. 326 (3837); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 62
(1845); Bp. Consp. i. p. 168 (1850); Reichenb. Ilandb., Merop.
p. 54, Taf. 437.figs. 3195, 3196,3197 (1852) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854,
p. 267; Horsf. <$• Moore, Cat. B. Mm. F.I Co. i. p. 121 (1854);
Cab. $> Seine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 120 (1860) ; Pelz. Beis. Novara,
Vog. p. 42 (1865) ; Schl. Mus. Paijs-Bas, Ooraces, p. 139 (1867,
pt.); Gray, Hand-l. B. I p. 76, no. 906 (1869); Blanford, Ibis,
1870, p. 465 ; Elliot, Ibis, 1871, p. 204 (pt.) ; Walden 8? Layard,
Ibis, 1872, p. 100; Walden, Ibis, 1873, p. 108; Ball, Str. F. i.
p. 57 (1873); Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 164 (1874); Walden, Trans. Z. S.
ix. p. 152 (1875); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 105 (1874) ; Blyth #
Wald. B. Burm. p. 72 (1875); Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 7; Wardlaio
Ramsay, t. e. p. 457; Hume § Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 72 (1878);
Tiraut, Ois. Basse-Cochinchine, p. 99 (1879); Sharpe, Ibis, 1879,
p. 240; id. F. Z. S. 1879, p. 332 ; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 85 (1879;;
Bingham, t. c. p. 193; id. op. cit. ix. p. 153 (1880) ; Salvad. Orn.
Papuasia, i. p 508 (1880); Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 373; Sharpe,
P. Z. S. 1881, p. 793; Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. 67; Oates, Handb. B.
Brit. Burm. ii. p. 70 (1883); Snellem. in Veth's MiddenrSumatra,
Vog. p. 37 (1885); Buttik. Notes Leyden Mus. ix. p. 41 (1887);
Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 43 (1888); Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 197; Blasius,
Ornis, 1888, p. 579; Sharpe, Ibis, 1889, p. 21; Whitehead, t. c.
p. 45; Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papuasia, p. 60 (1889) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890,
p. 21; id. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 550; Steere, List B. 8f Mamm. Philipp.
p. 9 (1890); Oates, ed. Hume's Nests fy Fggs Ind. B. iii. p. 57
(1890, pt.).
Colaris orientalis, Cuv. Begne Anim. i. p. 401 (1817); Horsf. Trans.
Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 162 (i820).
Eurystomus cyanicollis, Vieill. t. c. p. 425 (1819); id. Gal. Ois. i.
p. 176, pi. iii. (1825); Bp. Consp. i. p. 188 (1850)..
Eurystomus fuscicapillus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist Nat xxix. p. 426
(1819).
Colaris cyanicollis, Wagl. Syst. Av. Colaris, sp. 4 (1827).
Colaris garrula (nee X.), Gii&rin-M&nev. Iconogr. Begne Anim. pi. 22.
fig. 2 (1829-38).
Eurystomus paciiicus (nee Lath.), Motl.fyDilho. N H.Labuan, p. 11
(1855).
Adult male. General colour above bluish green, with an oily-green
shade on the mantle and upper back; lesser wing-coverts like the
back, the median and greater coverts brighter and more greenish
cobalt; bastard-wing and primary-coverts purplish blue, fringed and
tipped with green; quills black, the primaries with a large patch of
silvery cobalt near the base, the inner secondaries green like the
back; upper tail-coverts like the back; tail-feathers black, externally
washed with purplish blue for half the distance, greenish blue near
VOL. XVII. D
CORACTIDJE.
the extreme base of the centre feathers; the terminal half of the
tail black * ; crown of head sooty black, with a slight greenish wash;
lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, and chin black, the cheeks
and hinder ear-coverts washed with green like the sides of the neck ;
throat purplish blue, with mesial streaks of paler and more cobalt-
blue ; fore neck and remainder of under surface of body greenish
bine, more decidedly green on the fore neck and chest; under wing-
coverts and axillaries also greenish blue: " bill, legs, and feet deep
vermilion ; tip of bill black ; iris dark brown ; gape yellowish " (E.
W. Oates). Total length 11 inches, culrnen 1*1, wing 7*5, tail 3-8,
tarsus 0*7.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 10-5
inches, culmen 1*1, wing 7*2, tail 3*9, tarsus 0*65.
Young. Differs from the adult in being duller in colour and in
having a black bill, and in wanting the bright blue patch on the
throat, which is greenish, a little duller than the abdomen.
Hab. Islands of Bay of Bengal; Burmese countries north to
Cachar, down the Malayan Peninsula to Java, Sumatra, Borneo,
and the Philippines.
a, b, c. <$ ad.; d,Port Blair, S. Andamans, Aug. Plume Coll.
e. J ad. sk. ( W. Davison).
/
c? ad.; g. $ Port Blair, June, Aug. (R. J. Dr.E.B.Sharpe[P.].
juv. sk. Wimberley).
h.
<$ ad.; i, 7c. $Port Blair, July, Aug. (JR. J. Tweeddale Coll.
irnm. sk. W.).
I, m. c? ad.; n. Port Mouat, Jan., April (W. Hume Coll.
% ad. sk. Davison).
o,p,q. d ad.; r. Mount Harriet, Dec. (TV. D.). Hume Coll.
2 juv. sk.
s. Ad. sk. Nicobar Islands. Tweeddale Coll.
t. Ad. sk. Cachar (J. Inglis).
Hume Coll.
u. Ad. sk. Bassein, Pegu.
W. T.
Blanford.Esq.
[P.].
v. S ad. sk. Zanee River, Tenasserim, Feb.
Hume Coll.
(C. T. Bing7iam).
w. 2 ad. sk. Mergui, Jan. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.
x.
<S ad. sk. Bopyin, Dec. 19 (W. D.). Hume Coll.
y.
J ad. sk. Pakchan, Jan. 21 (W. D.). Hume Coll.
z. § ad. sk. Choungthanoung, Dec. 25 ( W. Hume Coll.
D.).
a'. J ad. sk. Assoon, Peb. 5 (W. Limlorg). Tweeddale Coll.
b',c',cr. <S ad.; Bankasoon, Dec, Peb. (W. Hume Coll.
e'. 2 ad. sk. D.).
* Mr. Dresser (Ibis, 1891, p. 101) has given elaborate measurements to
show the amount of variation in the blue on the tail in E. orientalis and
E. ccdonyx, which he unites together as one species. These observations were
made on the series in the Tweeddale collection. The Tweeddale series having
now been sent to the Museum by Mr. Dresser, 1 mid it impossible to agree
with his conclusions, for the distinctness of E. orientalis and E. calonyx is
amply confirmed by the specimens. The difficulty lies in the separation of
E. orientalis from E. australis, for both forms occur in Celebes, and specimens
from other localities also appear to be intermediate.
5 . ETJRTSTOMtrs.
f> ff'- 6 ad.; h',
t i\ $ ad. sk.
k'f I'. cS ad.; m'.
2 ad. sk.
»', o'. c?2 ad.
sk.
y , ?'. S ad. sk.
r'. Ad. sk.
s'. Ad. sk.
*'. Ad. sk.
u', v'. S ad.; to'.
2 ad.sk.
x', y\z\ tfad. et
ad. et juv. sk.
e". Ad. sk.
/". Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
h", *'". 6 $ ad.
sk
£", /". Ad. sk.
m", n". Ad. sk.
o". Ad. sk.
j?". Ad. sk.
q". Ad. sk.
r". 2 ad. sk.
s", t". $ J ad.
sk.
w", v". 3 2 ad.
sk.
w". $ ad. sk.
x". Ad. sk.
y". Ad. sk.
z",a\ c? 5 ad.sk.
b\ $ ad. sk.
c3. 2 ad. sk.
d3
. $ ad. sk,
e3. <$ ad. sk.
f3. 2 ad. sk.
gz. £ ad. sk
A3. S ad. sk.
t3, h\ <J 2 ad.
sk.
I3
. (S ad. sk.
m3. 2 ad. sk.
n3. <S ad. sk.
o3,<p3. Ad. sk.
3 33
q} r, s. Ad. sk.
Malewoon, Jan., Feb., April
(W.D.).
Malewoon, Dec, Feb.
Kossouni, April, May (J. Bar
ling).
Salang, Feb. (J. Darling).
Perak, Dec.
Penang (Dr. Cantor).
Penang.
Dingding Island, Feb., March
(W. Davison).
Klang, Jan., Feb., Oct., Nov.
(W. D.).
Malacca, July (W. D.).
Malacca (Dr. Maingaij).
Malacca (Dr. Maingaij).
Singapore Island, Dee,, Feb.
(W. Davison).
E. Java.
Sumatra (Baffles),
miiton (Walter).
Borneo.
Labuan (Sir JE[. Lowe).
Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Nov.
29 (A. H. Everett),
Cebu, March, April (A. H. R.).
Amparo, S. Leyte, July, Aug.
(A. m R).
Ayala, Mindanao, Oct., Dec.
Dumalon, Mindanao.
Zamboanga.
Butuan, May (A. H. R.).
Panaon, Sept. (A. H. R).
Nipab Island, July (A. H. R.).
Dinagat, June (A. JS. R).
San Mateo, Luzon, Feb. (A.
H. R.).
Bilukan, Luzon, Feb. (A. B.
Meyer).
Cujo, Dec. (A. B. M.).
Guimaras, March (A. B. M.).
Guimaras, Dec, Jan.
Negros, March (L. C. Layard).
Valencia, Aug. (A. B. Everett).
Basilan, May (A. H. R).
Sanghir Islands.
Celebes.
Hume Coll,
Oates Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Dr.A.McKinlay[P.J.
India Museum.
Wallace Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
Seebokm Coll.
Hume Coll.
Wallace Coll.
India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
Rajah Brooke [P.].
Dr. R. B. Sharpe
[P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale CoU.
E. L. Moseley, Es<|.
Prof! Steere [0.1.
Voy. H.M.S. < Chal
lenger.'
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale ColL
E. L. Moseley, Esq.
[o.].
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale ColL
»2
36
C0RACIID.3E.
Subsp. a. Eurystomns Isetior.
Eurystomus orientalis {nee L.), Holdsio. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 423 ; Vipan,
Str.F. i. p. 495 (1873) ; Morgan, Str. F. ii. p. 531 (1874) ; Hume,
Str. F. iv. p. 382 (1876); Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 285 (1878); Davison,
Str. F. x. p. 351 (1883); Oates, ed. Hume's Nests $ Eggs Ind. B.
iii. p. 57 (1890, pt.).
Eurystonius lsetior, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 551.
Adult. Similar to E. orientalis, and having the terminal half of
the tail black, but differing in the very black head and in the intense
blue colour of the underparts, so that the bird resembles E. crassirostris
of New Guinea and the Papuan Islands : "bill deep orange-
red, the tip of the upper mandible black ; orbital skin red ; tarsi and
feet orange-red; feet duskier than the tarsus ; iris hazel-brown "
(W. V. Legge). Total length 11 inches, culmen 1*15, wing 7*8,
tail 4, tarsus
0*65.
Hab. Southern India and Ceylon.
a. Ad. sk. Ceylon.
T. Thwaites, Esq. [0.].
b. Ad. sk. Ceylon. Tweeddale Coll.
c.^ad.sk. Eridge, Travancore, Dec. 21. E.Bourdillon,Esq.[C.].
d. $
ad. sk. Asamboo Hills, Travancore, Hume Coll.
Aug. (F. Bourdillon).
5. Eurystomns anstralis.
? Pacific Roller, Lath. Gen. Sijn. Suppl. ii. p. 371 (1801) *.
? Coracias pacifica, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. xxvii (1791).
? Galgulus pacificus, Vieill. N. Diet, d Hist. Nat. xxix. p. 435 (1819) ;
id. Ene. Meth. ii. p. 870 (1823).
Eurystonius orientalis (nee L.), Vig. 8f Horsf. Trails. Linn. Soc. xr.
p. 202 (1826); Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 345; Finsch, Neu-Guinea,
p. 160 (1865, pt.); Schl Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 139 (1867, pt.);
Walden, Trans. Z. 8. viii. p. 43 (1872) ; Briigqem. Abhandl. nat.
Ver. Bremen, v. p. 49 (1876); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 60; id. Verh.
z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxxi. pp. 763, 769 (1881); id. Sitz. N. Abhandl.
Ges. Isis, Abth. i. p. 5 (1884); Guillem. P. Z. 8 1885, pp. 568, 629.
Eurvstomus australis, Sioains. An. inMenag.v. 326 (1827); Reiehenb.
tog. Neuholl p. 38 (1850),
Eurystomus
pacificus, Gray, Ann. 8f Mag. Nat. Hist. xi. p. 190
(1843); id. Gen. B. i. p. 62 (1845); id. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 32
(1848); Gould, B. Austr. ii. pi. 17 (1843) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 168
(1850); Reiehenb. Handb., Merop. p. 55, Taf. 437. figs. 3198, 3199
(1852); Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc. New Gum. pp. 18, 54 (1859); Cab.
8r Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 120 (1860); Wall, Ibis, 1860, p. 147 ;
id. P. Z. S.1862, pp. 335, 349; Bosenb. J. f. 0.1864, p. 118 ; Gould,
Handb. B. Austr. l. p. 119 (1865); Pete'. Reis. Novara, Tog. p. 42
(1865, pt.); Ramsay, Ibis, 1866, p. 327 ; 8el. P. Z. S.1869, p. 121;
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 76, no. 907 (1869); Elliot, Ibis, 1871, p. 204;
Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 582; 8cl. Ibis, 1876, p. 247 ; Cab. fy
Reichen. J.f.O. 1876, p. 323; 8alvad. $ DAlbert. Ann. Mus.
Genov. xiv. p. 53 (1879); 8ahad. 0)-n. Papuasia etc. i. p. 503
* This description is so inaccurate that it is impossible to identify it with
the Australian Boiler. Latham says:—"Head and neck chestnut; lower part
of the neck from the chestnut downwards, &c."
5 . ETJETSTOMUS.
(1880); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1884, pp. 420,443; Meyer, Site. N. Abhandl
Ges. Isis, Abth. i. pp. 7,10 (1884); Bilttik. Notes Leyden Mm. vii.
p. 62 (1886) ; Meyer, Zeitsehr. ges. Orn. iii. p. 34 (1886); Butter,
B. New Zeal i. p. 118 (1888); Ramsay, Tab. List Austr. B. p. 3
(1888); Salvad. Orn. Bapuasia, App. p. 60 (1889): Tristr. Ibis.
1889, p. 556.
Oolaris pacificus, Bp. Consp. Vol Ads. p. 7 (1854).
Eurystomus gularis (nee V.). Beccari, Ann. Mm. Genov. vii. p. 708
(1875).
Eurystomus crassirostris (nee Scl), D'Albert. Ann. Mus. Genov. x.
p. 12 (1877).
Adult. Similar to E. orientalis, but everywhere paler, especially
on the upper surface, which is brownish on the mantle and back,
slightly washed with green; the under surface of the body also is
much greener; the outer webs of the tail-feathers blue nearly to
the ends: " bill and feet red; inside of mouth yellow; iris dark
brown " (J. Gould). Total length 10*5 inches, culmen 1*1, wing
7*85, tail 3-6, tarsus 0*6.
Hob. Australia, occasionally reaching to New Zealand. Through
out the Moluccas to Celebes.
a. Imm. sk. New South Wales. Hume Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk.
New South Wales (/. T. CockSalvin-
Godman Coll.
erell).
d. Ad. sk. Clarence Paver, N. S. W. Tweeddale Coll.
e. <$ ad. sk. North-east Australia, Nov. 13. Sir T. MitcheU [P.].
/ . Ad. sk. S. Queensland. Tweeddale Coll.
g, h. Ad. sk. Queensland (CairnsfyGrant). Australian Museum
[p.].
i. Ad. sk. Eitzroy E., N.W. Australia
Capt Bowyer Bower
uapt.
.. J
(T. R. Bowyer Bower).
7c, I, m. Ad. sk. Victoria R, N.W. Australia. J.R.Elsey,Esq.[P.]n.
Ad. st. Port Bowen, N.W. Australia. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.].
o, p. Ad.; q. Imm. Australia. Purchased.
sk.
r, s. <$ ad. sk. Dorey. Wallace Coll.
t. S ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll.
u. c? ad. sk. Ceram (A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
v. 2 ad-sk. N. Ceram (A. R. W.). Seebohm Coll.
w. $ ad.; x. Juv. Ceram. Wallace Coll.
sk.
y. $ ad. sk. Amboina*, May 19 (H. O. Tweeddale Coll.
Forbes).
%, a!. Ad. sk. Bouru. Wallace Coll.
b'. £ ad. sk. Ternate, April 12 (Br. Bern-Salvin-Godman Coll.
c'. <$ ad. sk. Ternate, May 16 (Br. Bern-Seebohm Coll.
Wallace Coll.
e'. Ad. sk. Matabello. Wallace Coll.
/'. $ ad. sk. Gorontalo, Celebes, July 20 Salvin-Godman Coll.
(von Rosenberg).
d'. Ad. sk. Gilolo.
* This is "Ambru" Island of Mr. Dresser's paper (Ibis, 1891, p. 101);
Mr. Forbes has duly written " Ambon " on the label.
COEACIIDiE.
g'. J ad. sk. Menado (Buivenbode). Tweeddale Coll.
k'. 2 ad. sk. Makassar. Wallace Coll.
?, k'. Ad. j V. Sula Islands. Wallace Coll.
Jtiv. sk.
m', n'. <S ad. sk. Lombock. Wallace Coll.
or,p'. $ ad. E.Timor. Wallace Coll.
g'. Ad. sk. Flores, Wallace Coll.
r'. Skeleton. Purchased.
*'. Skeleton. Eyton Coll.
Intermediate specimens between Eurystomus orientalis and
E. australis.
a. Ad. sk.
Negros, Philippines. G-urney Coll.
b. c? ad. sk.
Ayala, Mindanao, Dec. 8. E. L.'Moseley, Esq.
6. Eurystomus ealonyx. (Plate II.fig. 2.)
Eurystomus calonyx, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Bi'it. Mus., Passeres,
pis. 10,11 (no. 247); id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844, nomen
nudum); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 551; Styan, Ibis, 1891, p. 317.
Eurystomus orientalis (nee L.), Hodgs. Icon. pis. 10,11 (no. 248); id.
in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844); Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc. Nepal
pres. Hodgs. p. 55 (1846) ; id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 31 (1848);
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 51 (1849); Swinh. Ibis, I860, p. 48,
1861, p. 31 j Badde, Bets. Sibir. p. 114, pi. ii. tig. 2 (1861); Jerd.
B. Ind. i. p. 219 (1862); Swinh. Ibis, 1866, p. 129 ; Bulger, Ibis,
1869, p. 155; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 347; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 3 ;
Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 108 ,• Hume, Nests 8f Eggs Ind. B. p. 105 (1873) ;
Tacz. Bull Soc. Zool. France, I p. 135 (1876) j DybmosM, J. f. O.
1876, p. 192; David § Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 72 (1877); Hume,
Str. F. viii. p. 49 (1879); Blakist. Amend. List B. Japan, p. 24
(1884); Styan, Ibis, 1887, p. 229; Oates, ed. Hu?ne,s Nests & Eggs,
iii. p. 57 (1890, pt.).
Adult (type of species). Similar to E. orientalis, but having the
black terminal part of the tail orershaded with purplish blue, and
the outer black secondaries also externally washed with purplish
blue : " hill and feet coral-red; iris red " (H. E. If. James). Total
length 11 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 7*4, tail 3*9, tarsus 0*75.
Young. Duller than the adults, and having only a greenish shade
on the throat instead of purplish blue.
IIab. Amoor-Land, Manchuria, and Northern China in summer,
apparently wintering in Tenasserim and the Malayan Peninsula and
Borneo. Throughout the Himalayas from Kumaun to Assam.
a.
<$ ad. sk. ChangpeiSkanMts.,Manchuria, H. E. M. James, Esq.
July. [P.].
b. Ad. sk. N. China.
W.Forinine,Esq.'[0.].
c. Juv. sk. Amoy, May (R. Sioinhoe). Seebohm Coll.
d. $ ad. sk. Kumaun.
Hume Coll.
e. f9 g. Ad. et Nepal.
Hodgson Coll.
juv. sk. (Type of species.)
7^ Ad. sk. Nepal (B. H. Hodgson). India Museum.
t, h. Ad.; I, m. Native Sikhim, June, July Hume Coll.
Juv. sk. (L. Mandelli).
5 . EURYSTOMUS.
39
n-t Ad. sk. Sikhim, Jan., April, Sept., Oct. Hume Coll.
(L. Mandelli).
, v. Ad. et jiiv. Sikhim. Hume Coll.
sk. J
, x, y. Ad. j z. Darjiling. Hume Coll.
Imm. sk.
, 5'. c? ad.; c', Tippook, Assam, March, April Hume Coll.
^'. $ ad. sk. (J. Cockbwn).
e'. c? ad. sk. Sadlryia, April (J. Cockburn). Hume Coll.
. $ ad. sk. N. Kkasia Hills, March (A. W. Tweeddale Coll.
f
Chennell).
, o" ad. sk. Karen Hills, Jan. (22. G. W. R.). Tweeddale Coll.
, 2 ad. sk. Mooleyit, Tenasserim, April 10 Tweeddale Coll.
( W. Limborg).
i'. c? imm. sk. Bankasoon, Feb. 3 (IF. J).). Hume Coll.
k'. Ad. sk. Cambodia (Mouhot). Tweeddale Coll.
I'. (S ad. sk. Copah, Jan. 19 (J. Darling). Hume Coll.
m', n\ Ad. sk. Malacca, July ( W. D.). Hume Coll.
o'-q'. Ad. sk. Malacca (R. G. W. It.). Tweeddale Coll.
r'.. 2 a<i-sk-Pulo Seban, near Malacca, Nov. Hume Coll.
^10 (W.D.).
s'., £'. <S ad. j w'. Kuroo, near Malacca, Oct., Nov. Hume Coll.
$ ad. sk. (W. D.).
v'. Ad. sk. Mount Penrisen, Borneo. A. II. Everett, Esq.
[0.].
7. Eurystomus crassirostris.
Eurystomus
crassirostris, Bel. P. Z. B. 1869, p. 121; Bharpe, Ibis,
1871, p. 185; Elliot, Ibis, 1871, p. 204; Balvad. $ JD'Albert. Ann.
Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 814 (1875); Ramsay, JProc. Linn. Boe.
N. B. W. i. p. 389 (1876); Balvad. op. cit. p. 19 (1876), pp. 125,
308 (1877) j Bel. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 106, 1878, p. 671; Ramsay,
Proc. Linn. Boc. JSf. B. W. iii. p. 263 (1878), iv. p. 71 (1879);
Finsch, P. Z. B. 1879, p. 10; Bharpe, Journ. Linn. Boe. xiii. p. 493
(1878), xiv. p. 686 (1879); Balvad. Orn. Papuasia e delle Molucche,
i. p. 510 (1880, pt.); Finsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 536; Ramsay, Proc.
Linn. Boc. N. B W. vii. p. 20 (1882) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1882, p. 145;
Finsch, Tog. der Sildsee, p. 25 (1884) \ Nehrk. J.f. 0.1884, p. 32;
Guillem. P. Z. B. 1885, p. 629 j Balvad. Agg. Orn. JPapuasia etc.
i. p. 61 (1889, pt.).
Eurystomus waigiouensis, Elliot, Ibis, 1871, pp. 203, 204.
Adult male. Similar to E. calonyoo, and, like that species, having
the outer secondaries and the whole of the end of the tail washed
with rich purplish blue, but larger in size: " bill very bright orange-
red ; feet orange; iris red " [L. D'ATbertis). Total length 12inches,
culmen 1*25, wing 7*9, tail 4*4, tarsus 0*75.
Hob. New Guinea and Waigiou, extending to Duke of York
Island, New Britain, and New Ireland.
a. 2
ad. sk. Waigiou. Wallace Coll.
(Type of E. waigiouensis.)
b. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mountains, New A. Goldie [C.].
Guinea.
c. £ ad. sk. Duke of York Island. Rev. G. Brown [C],'
d. 2 ad. sk. Duke of York Island (Rev. Tweeddale Coll.
G. Brown).
40 COIUClIDiE.
8. Eurystomus solomone&sis. (Plato III. fig. 1.)
Eurystomus crassirostris (nee ScL), Gray, in Brenclileif s i Cruise of
the Curaqoa,' p. 358, pi. 3 (1873) ; Grant, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 330,
1888, p. 194.
Eurystomus solomonensis, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 552.
Adult male. Similar to E. orientalis, and having a blackish, band
like that species, but distinguished by a stouter bill and a much
brighter blue under surface, with a larger patch of blue on the
throat; the blue on the wings and tail is also much more intense:
bill red, not blaek at the tip. Total length 12 inches, culmen 1-45,
wing 7*7, tail 5*2, tarsus 0*7.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 12
inches, culmen 1*2, wing 7*9, tail 5% tarsus 0*7.
Hah. Solomon Islands.
a, b. <$ $ ad. sk. Ugi Island, Aug. J. Brenchley, Esq. [C.].
(Types of species.)
c. J ad. sk Alu. C. M. Woodford, Esq. [C.].
9. Eurystomus azureus. (Plate III. fig. 2.)
Eurystomus azureus, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 346; Finsch, Neu-
Guinea, p. 160 (1865)$ Schl Mas. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 141
(1867) j Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 76, no. 908 (1869)• Sharpe, Ibis,
1871, p. 185; Elliot^ t. c. p. 204-Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. x.
p. 308 (1877); id. Orn. Papuasia e delle Molucche, i. p. 512 (1880);
Guillem. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 569: Salvad. Ago. Orn. Papuasia, pt. i.
p. 61 (1889).
Eurystomus orientalis, pt., Meyer, Orn. Mitth. p. 17 (1875).
Adult (type of species). General colour above and below deep
purplish blue, blacker on the head and sides of face; quills black,
externally purplish blue, somewhat greener on the inner secondaries,
with a large patch of silvery cobalt near the base of the primaries ;
tail-feathers purplish blue, black on the inner webs. Total length
12 inches, culmen 1*15, wing 7*3, tail 4*2, tarsus 0*7.
Hah. Islands of Batchian and Halmahera in the Moluccas.
a, b. 2 ad. et imm. sk. Batchian. Wallace Ooll.
(Types of species.)
e. Ad. sk. Batchian, Wallace Ooll.
MER0P1DJ3.
Family MEROPIDJE.
Palate desmognathous. Basipterygoid processes absent.
Oil-gland nude. Caeca present.
Sternum with four notches in posterior extremity; opistornal
process perforated to receive the feet of the coracoids.
Spinal tract well defined on the neck, but divided into two tracts
on the upper back.
Left carotid present. Ambiens muscle absent.
Bill long and gently curved, the lower mandible and the genys
having the same deflection as the maxilla towards the tip ; culmen
with a sharply defined ridge, which is grooved in Nyctiomis.
Eeet syndactyle ; the fourth toe united to the third as far as the
last joint; the second toe united to the middle for the basal joint
only. vt-—
Tail-feathers fcba.
Young hatched helpless.
Eange. Temperate and Tropical portions of the Old World.
In the determination of the genera of this family I have mainly
adopted the conclusions of Mr. H. E. Dresser's ' Monograph' of the
family. I think that he has recognized as many genera as can
easily be diagnosed; but the position of the nasal apertures will
probably be found to afford characters for further subdivisions of
the genera. Unfortunately, the condition of dried specimens does
not allow ns to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion with regard to
this character.
Key to the Genera.
a. With the breast-plumes ordinary.
a'. With the centre tail-feathers not
elongated; the tail very distinctly
forked 1. DICBOCEBCUS, p. 41.
bf
. With the centre tail-feathers not
elongated; the tail square 2. MELITTOPHAGTJS, p. 44
c.
With the centre tail-feathers elongated
3. MEBOPS, p. 58.
b. With the breast-plumes broad, elongated
and pendent; nostrils hidden by dense
bristles.
d'. With the centre tail-feathers elongated
4. MEBOPOGON, p. 87.
d-. With the tail square 5. NYCTIOBNIS, p. 88.
1.
DICEOCEECTTS.
Type.
Dicrocercus, Cab. §* Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 136
(1863) B. hirundineus.
Tachymerops, Fitz. Sitz. k. Akad. WissemcJi. Wien,
xxi. Abth. ii. p. 304 (185(3) B. Mr undine m.
Banye. Confined to Africa.
MEROPIDJE.
Key to the Species.
a. Forehead and eyebrow "blue, contrasting with
the rest of the head, which is green furcatus, p. 42.
b. With the forehead green like the head, without
any blue on the forehead or eyebrow hirundineus, p. 43.
1. Bicrocercus furcatus. (Plate T. fig. 2.)
Merops furcatus, Stanl. in SaWs Voy. Abyss, App. iv. p. lvii
(1814).
Merops azuror, Less. Traits, p. 289 (1831).
Merops hirundinaceus (nee V.), Swains. B. W. Afr. p. 91, pi. 10
(1837); Iieichenb. Handb. Merop. p. 82, Taf. 446. tigs. 3235-36
(1852); Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 40 (1857); id. J. f. 0. 1861,
p. 107 ; Schl. Mm. JP.-J?., Merops, p. 11 (1863); Heugl. J. f O.
1864, p. 236; id. Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. p. 210 (1870).
Merops chrysolaimus, Jard. 8? Selby, III. Orn. ii. pi. 99 (c. 1829).
Melittophagus furcatus, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 66 (1854).
Dicrocercus hirundinaceus, Cab. 8f Heine, Mus. Ifein. ii. p. 136
(1860, pt.).
Melittophagus hirundinaceus (nee J7".), Antin. Cat. deser. TIcc. p. 31
(1864J; Harim. J.f O. 1866; p. 204.
Adult male. General colour above golden green ; wings like the
back; primaries pale chestnut, edged with greenish at the ends of
the outer webs, and with blackish tips to the feathers, forming a
broad band; the inner secondaries green like the back and slightly
tinged with bluish; upper tail-coverts pale cobalt-blue, the two
centre tail-feathers greenish blue, the rest golden olive, blackish
along the inner margin towards the tips, which are whitish• the
outer ones, which are the longest, tipped with black, which also
forms a subterminal bar on all the feathers; head like the back,
with a band of cobalt-blue feathers across the forehead and lores,
reaching to just above the eye; a streak through the eye and ear-
coverts black; cheeks and throat orange-yellow, followed by a band
of ultramarine-blue, which is paler towards the sides of the neck
and the hinder cheeks, the latter being ashy white; breast green
like the back; abdomen and under tail-coverts blue, with a tuft of
whitish feathers on each side of the vent; under wing-coverts,
axillaries, and quills light chestnut, the latter being dusky towards
their tips : " bill black ; feet grey ; iris red " (Heuglin). Total
length 8'5 inches, culmen 1*4, wing 3-8, tail 4*05, tarsus 0*4.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour, but greener both on
the upper and under parts, and paler yellow on the throat; the blue
band on the throat also much paler. Total length 8 inches, culmen
1*35, wing 3*65, tail 3*7, tarsus 0*35.
Young. Similar to the adults, but with no yellow on the throat,
and having the chest pale green, changing to bluish green on the
abdomen.
llab. West Africa from Senegambia to the Niger, and probably
1 . DICROCERCFS.
to Gaboon *, extending to the Upper White Nile and Equatorial
Africa.
a, b. Ad. et juv. Rufisque, Senegambia, Jan., Tweeddale Coll.
sk. March (L. Laglaize).
c. Ad. sk. River Gambia (Col, Strachan). Sharpe Coll.
d. tf ad. sk. Sierra Leone (Dr. Ferguson). Jardine Ooll.
(Type of M, chrysolaimus,)
e. Ad. sk. Shonga, R. Niger. Capt. M. Ferryman
2. Dicrocercus hirundineus. (Plate I. fig. 1.)
Merops hirundineus, Licht Cat, rer. nat. rariss. p. 21 (1790);
Finsch $ Marti. Fog. Ostafr. p. 193 (1870).
Le Guepier a queue fourchue ou le Guepier Tawa, Levaill. Hist.
Nat. Guep. iii. p. 35, pi. 8 (1807).
Merops hirundinaceus, Vieill. N. Diet. cFHist. Nat. xiv. p. 21 (1817);
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86 (1846, pt.) ; id. Cat. Fissir. Brit, Mm.-o.7l
(1848); Monteiro, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 96; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 70
(1867) ; id. Ibis, 1869, p. 72 ; Graij, JKand-l. B. i. p. 100, no. 1221
(1869) ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 93 (1881).
Melittophagus tawwa, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 316.
Merops taiva, Cuvter, JRegne Anim. i. p. 442 (1829).
Melittophagus hirundinaceus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 163 (1850, pt.).
Melittophagus hirundineus, Stricld.fySet. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 154.
Dicrocercus hirundinaceus, Gurney in Anderss. B. Dain.-Ld. p. 63
(1872) j Ayres, Ibis, 1878, p. 285 ,* Nichols. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 355 j
Sharpe in Gates1 Matabele-Ld. App. p. 302 (1881); Shelley,
P. Z. S. 1881, p. 569; Holub $ Pek. Beitr. Orn. Sildafr. p. GQ
(1882)• Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. pp. 101, 805 (1884).
Dicrocercus hirundineus, Dresser, Monogr. Herop. p. 99, pi. 22
(1884).
Merops hirundo, Schalow, J. f. O.1886, p. 420.
Adult male. Similar to D. furcatus, but distinguished by the
absence of blue on the forehead and eyebrow, both of these parts
being green like the rest of the head: " bill black; feet greyish
dusky ; iris bright crimson " (T. Ayres). Total length 8*5 inches,
culmen 1*3, wing 3*95, tail 4*05, tarsus 0*35.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour.
Hab. South Africa, to the Zanzibar region on the east coast, and
to Damara-Land and Benguela on the west.
a. Ad. sk. South Africa (Sir A. Smith). Jardine Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Natal.
Gould Ooll.
c. $ ad. sk. Natal, June (T. Ayres). Gurney Coll.
d.
J ad. sk. Potchefstroom, June 2 (T. Gurney Coll.
Ayres).
e. f) g. Ad. sk. Makalaka Country (Dr. Brad- Shelley Coll.
shaw).
* I Lave not seen a specimen from this country.
MEKOPIDJB.
u
h-l. d ad. sk. Otjimbinque, Damara-Land, Skarpe and Tweed-
Nov., Feb., July (C. J. dale Colls.
Andersson).
m. Ad. sk. Lake Ngaini (Chapman). Tweeddale Coll.
w, o. Ad. et juv.
Benguela (Monteiro). Sharpe Coll.
sk.
p. <S ad. sk. Victoria Falls, Zambesi, Jan. W. E. and C. G.
(F. Oates). Oates, Esqrs. [P.],
q, r. Ad. sk. Dar-es-Salaam (Si)' J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.
s. Ad. sk. Dar-es-Salaam. Purchased.
2. MELITTOPHAGTJS.
Type.
Melittophagus, Bote, Isis, 1828, p. 316 M. pusillus.
Meropiscus, Sundev. (Efv. K. Vet.-Ahad. Forh.
Stockh. 184% p. 162 M. gularis.
Sphecophobus, Reiehenb. Handb., Merop. p. 82 (1852). M. variegatus.
Ooccolarynx, Reiehenb. t. c. p. 83 (1852) M. bullocki.
Spheconax, Cab. $ Heine, Mus. Rein. Th. ii. p. 133
(1860) M. albifrons.
Melittias, iid. t. c. p. 134 (1860) , M. leschenaulti.
Range. The whole of tropical Africa, and the Indian Peninsula
and Ceylon, extending through the Burmese countries to Siam and
down the Malayan Peninsula to Java.
Key to the Species,
a. Outer aspect of quills fawn-colour or chestnut;
tail-feathers fawn-coloured, with a black band
at the end, followed by tips of ashy or whitish;
throat yellow, with a black or blue band
across the lower throat.
a'. Band on lower throat black.
a". Forehead green like the head, but showing
a small blue streak over the eye.... meridionalis, p. 45.
b". Forehead and eyebrow green like the
head; a tiny bluish spot behind the eye. pusillus, p. 47.
c". A line along the base of the forehead and
a distinct eyebrow blue cyanostictus, p. 48.
b'. Band on lower throat rich ultramarine-blue.
d". Forehead green like the head; a little
blue above the eye, forming an indistinct
eyebrow variegatus, p. 48.
e". Forehead and eyebrow blue lafresnayii, p. 49.
b. Outer aspect of quills chestnut; tail-feathers
black, the centre ones washed with bright
blue; throat crimson; breast black, streaked
with greenish blue yularis, p. 50.
c. Outer aspect of quills green.
c\ With no black line across the fore neck;
under tail-coverts blue, not green.
f".
Throat crimson or golden yellow; chin
black or crimson, not white; no white
on the cheeks.
2. MELITTOPHAGUfl.
4 5
a"'. Throat crimson; upper tail-coverts
green.
a1. No blue on eyebrow and no blue
cheek-stripe bullocki, p. 51.
¥. A blue eyebrow, and a streak of blue
below the ear-coverts frenatus, p. 52.
b"r. Throat golden yellow; upper tail-
coverts green boleslavskii, p. 53.
g". Throat crimson, with a white chin and
cheek-stripe; upper tail-coverts blue .. albifrons, p. 53.
h". Throat white, as also the cheeks; breast
pale fawn-colour; a blue eyebrow ... . revoilii, p. 54.
a". With a band of black on the fore neck;
under tail-coverts emerald-green.
iu
. No chestnut on the lower throat before
the black bar leschenaidti, p. 55.
k". "With a shade of chestnut preceding the
black bar on the fore neck minhoii, p. 55.
1. ILelittophagus meridionalis. (Plate T.fig.4.)
? Le
Guepier d'Angola, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 558, pi. xliv. fig. 1 A
(1760).
? Petit Guepier vert et bleu a queue £tag£e, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois.
vi. p. 503 (1779).
? Angola Bee-eater, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 679 (1782).
? Merops angolensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 463 (1788).
Merops erythropterus {nee Gm.), Mont. Ibis, 1862, pi 334; SchL
Mus. Pays-Bas, Merops, p. 10 (1883, pt.); Layard, B. S. Afr.
Lttfc>3, pt.
pp.. 7
770
00 (1867)
(1867)(1867);
;; Bocage,Socage, Orn.
Orn.Orn. Angola,
Angola,Angola,;, p
pp.
.. 9
992
22"~ (1877) ;" Soma, Journ.
~
Lub. 1887, pp. 45, 91,1888, p. 220.
Merops variegatus (nee V.), Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 324; Fmsch 8f Hartl.
Vog. Ostafr. p. 191 (1870, pt).
Melittophagus pusillus {nee Mull), Ayres, Ibis, 1871, p. 150; Qurney
in Anderss. B. JDam.-Zd. p. Q2 (1872); Shelley, Ibis, 1882,
p. 242.
Melittophagus erythropterus (nee Gm.), Gurney, Ibis, 1862, p. 27.
Merops pusillus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 101, no. 1222 (1869, pt.) ;
Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 363; Sharpe fy Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, i. p. 40 (1876); Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. pp. 100,
805 (1876-81); Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 197; Ayres, Ibis, 1879,
p. 290 ; Sharpe in Oates1 Matabele-Ld. p. 301 (1881).
Merops cyanostictus {nee Cab.),JReiehen. J.f. 0.1877, p. 21; Boeage,
Orn. Angola, App. p. 537 (1881).
Melittophagus
minutus (nee V.), Holub § Von Pefo. Beitr. Orn.
Sudafr. p. 67 (1882).
Adult male. General colour above bright grass-green ; wing-
coverts like the back; primary-coverts olive-green, like the outer
web of tlie primaries, which, are fawn-coloured on the inner web
and blackish towards the tips; the secondaries bright fawn-colour,
with a broad terminal band of black, the inner ones green tinged
with bluish; upper tail-coverts and two centre tail-feathers green
like the back, with a blackish shaft-streak ; remainder of tail bright
fawn-colour at the base, with greenish margins and ashy-white
MEEOriDiE.
tips, before which is a broad black band; head like the back ; lores,
a band through the eye, and the ear-coverts black, with a small
streak of pale blue above the eye; throat yellow, separated by a
narrow line of blue from a broad black band on the fore neck, this
black band surrounded by chestnut on its lower margin ; remainder
of under surface of body ruddy fawn-colour, washed with olive-
green ; under wing-coverts and quill-lining pale fawn-colour,
blackish towards the ends of the latter : " bill black; tarsi and feet
dusky • iris bright crimson " (T. Ay res). Total length 6*4 inches,
culmen 1*2, wing 3'25, tail 2'6, tarsus 0*35.
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 6*4 inches,
culmen 1*1, wing 3*25, tail 2'6, tarsus 0*35.
Young male. Similar to the adults, but duller * the throat yellowish
buff, shading off into a dull green on the fore neck and
breast • abdomen and under tail-coverts buff tinged with green :
"bill black; legs dark brown; iris brown" (T. E. Buckley).
Total length 6 inches, culmen 0*95, wing 3*1, tail 2*35, tarsus 0 35.
Hob. South-eastern Africa from Natal to the Zambesi, and thence
to the Zanzibar district on the east coast, and to Angola and the
Lower Congo on the west.
a. $ juv. sk. Port Natal (McKen). Jardine Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Newcastle, Natal (Savile Shelley Coll.
Held).
c. Ad. sk. Durban, Natal (Gordge). Shelley Coll.
Pinetown, June. July, Nov. Shelley Coll.
ad. sk. (T. L. Ayres).
h.
cS ad. sk. Pinetown (T. L. Ayres). Seebohm Coll.
i. <$ ad. sk. Transvaal (T. Ayres). Sharpe Coll.
k, I. <$ juv. sk. Transvaal, Nov. (T. E. Shelley Coll.
Buckley).
m.
S ad. sk. Rustenberg, June 17 (T. Gurney Coll.
Ayres).
n. $ ad. sk. Rustenberg, June (W.Lucas). Shelley Coll.
o,p. Ad. sk. Tati, Matabele-Land, March W. E. & C. G. Oates,
(F. Oates).
Esqrs. [P.].
q-v. Ad. sk. Makalaka Country {Br.
Shelley Coll,
Bradshaw).
w, sc. Ad. sk. Tete, Zambesi (Sir J. Kirk). Livingstone Exped.
y. Ad. sk. R. Zambesi (Dr. Metter). Tweeddale Coll.
z. Ad. sk. Shire* River, Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk [P.].
a', V. Ad. sk. Rovuma River (J. Thompson). Shelley Coll.
c'. Ad. sk. Dar-es-Salaam (Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.
d'. Ad. sk. Mamboio (Sir J. Kirk). Shelley CoU.
<?',/'. Ad. sk. Kabinda, Congo, Aug. Commander Sperling
[P.].
g'. Ad. sk. Malimbe, Congo (Z. Fetit). Shelley CoU.
/*'. S ad. sk. Landana (L. Petit). Shelley Coll.
i'} k'. Ad. sk. Angola. Monteiro Coll.
2 . MELITTOPHAGUS.
2. ILelittophagus pusillus. (Plate I. fig. 5.)
Guepier rouge et vert du Senegal, Month. II. N. Ois. vi. p. 507
(1779).
Petit Guepier du Senegal, Daubent. PL JEI/iL vi. pi. .018.
Merops pusillus, P. L. 8. Mull. 8. N. Suppl p. 95 (1776); Cass.
Proc. Philad. Acad. 1864, p. 244; Shettei/ $ Buckley, Ibis, 1872,
p. 286; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 48; Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 660;
Hartert, J. f. 0. 1886, p. 593.
Muscicapa Tricolor, Bodd. Tabl. PL Fnl. p. 19 (1783).
Merops erythropterus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 464 (1788); Vieill. N. Diet.
d'llist. JSrat. xiv. p. 22 (1817); Swains. B. W. Afr. p 88 (1837);
Riipp. Sijst Uebers. p. 24 (1845); Striehl. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 216 ;
Hartl Orn. W.-Afr. p. 40 (1857); id. J. f. 0. 1801, p. 107 ;
Heugl. Orn. NO.-Afr. i. p. 208 (1869) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1809, p. 385;
Blanf. Geol. # ZooL Abi/ss. p. 322 (1870); Antin. fy Salvad.
Viayg. Bogos, p. 67 (1873); Forbes, Ibis, 1883, p. 522; Buttih.
Notes Leyd. Mus. vii. p. 167 (1885), viii. p. 249 (1880), x. pp. 71,
219(1888).
Le Guepier minule, Lemill. H. N. Guepiers, iii. p. 53, pi. 17 (1807);
Vieill. N. Diet, d'Hist. Nat. xiv. p. 18 (1817).
Merops collaris, Vieill. N. Diet. dHist. Nat. xiv. p. 16 (1817); Hartl.
Om. W.-Afr. p. 40 (1857); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 101, no. 1223
(1869).
Merops minutus,
Bonn, et Vieill. Enc. MSth. i. p. 392 (1823, ex
Levaill).
Melittophagus erythropterus, Bote, Isis, 1828, p. 316; Gray, Gen. B.
i. p. 86 (1846); id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 71 (1848); Bp.
Consp. I p. 163 (1850); Cab.fy Seine, Mus. Hein. Tli. ii. p. 135
(1860); Hartl. Abhandl nat. Ver. Bremen, vii. p. Il l (1882);
Antin. Cat. descr. TJcc. p. 31 (1864).
Merops minulus, Cuvier, Begne An. i. p. 422 (1829).
Merops pusilla, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 89 (1837).
Merops minullus, A. E. Brehm, J.f.O. 1853, p. 75.
Merops minutus (nee V.), Finsch, Trans. Z. 8. vii. p 225 (1870);
id. <$• Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 188 (1870, pt.); Reichen. J.f.O.
1875, p. 18.
Melittophagus pusillus, Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. Ill, pi. 25
(1885, pt).
Adult male. Similar to M. meridionalis, but without the distinct
blue streak above the eye, but showing either an emerald-green
eyelid or a tiny spot of blue : " bill black; feet grey; iris red "
(Von Heuglin). Total length 6*8 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 3-2,
tail 2*55, tarsus 0*35.
In the young bird, according to Hr. Hartert, the iris is hazel-
brown.
Hab. N.E. Africa and "West Africa from Senegambia to the Niger
and Cameroons.
a. Ad. sk. Senegal (d'Finville). Eiocour Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Senegambia. Governor Kendall [P.],
c. Ad. sk. River Gambia (Sir A. Shelley Coll.
Moloney).
d. e. Ad. sk. River Gambia. Sharpe Coll.
/, g, h. Ad. sk. Fantee (Governor Ussher). Shelley Coll.
i. Ad. sk. Denkera,Dec. (H. F. Blissett). Sharpe Coll.
MEttOPIDJE.
k-o. Ad. sk. Accra, Feb. (T. E. Buck- Shelley Coll.
ley fy G. E. S.).
p. Ad. sk.
Shonga, R. Niger. ^aPt. M. Ferryman [P.],
q. J ad. sk.
Shonga. W. A. Forbes," Esq. [P.],
r, s. Ad. sk. Bejook, Bogos-Land, July Sharpe and Tweeddale
(W.Jesse). Colls.
t. Ad. sk. Anseba River (Esler). Sharpe Coll.
u.
(S ad. sk. Bara, Kordofan (II. Jardine Coll.
Petherick).
3. Melittophagus cyanostictus. (Plate I. fig. 3.)
Merops collaris (nee V.), Kittl. Kupf Vdg. p. 5, pi. 7. fig. 2 (1832).
Merops pusillus (nee Mull.), Sharpe, P.Z.S. 1878, p. 712; Nicholson,
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 355; Gurney, Ibis, 1872, p. 72.
Melittophagus cyanostictus, Cab. J. f. 0. 1875, p. 340; id. J. f. 0.
1878, p. 235 ; Fischer j Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. p. 360 (1884); Shelley,
Ibis, 1888, p. 286.
Merops mirmtus, Fischer 8f Reichen. J. f. O. 1878, p. 256.
Melittophagus pusillus (nee Mull.), Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 509;
Tristr. Ibis, 1889, p. 225.
Melittophagus pusillus cyanostictus, Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 398.
Merops cyanostictus, Oust. Bibl. Haut Etudes, xxxi. art. 10, p. 4
(1886); Reichen. J.f. 0. 1887, p. 61; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 358.
? Merops cyanostictus, Reichen. J.f. 0.1887, pp. 305 (Leopoldville),
308 (Kassongo).
Adult male. Similar to M. pusillus, but having a blue frontal
band, which is extended over the eye: " bill black; feet dusky;
iris red" (O. Antinori). Total length 6*4 inches, culmen 1*3, wing
3-45, tail 2-8, tarsus 0*35.
Bab. East Africa, extending from the Zanzibar district north to
Shoa, and westwards into the interior. The westward range is
uncertain, as the birds from the Congo region are probably M.
meridionalis.
a, b. Ad. sk. Shoa (Sir W. Harris). India Museum.
c. $
ad. sk. Daimbi, Shoa, Nov. (O. Shelley Coll.
Antinori).
d. S ad. sk. N'dara, Teita, Aug. H. C. V. Hunter, Esq. [P.],
e,f. Ad. sk. Mombasa. Rev. A. F. Buxton [P.].
g, h, i. Ad. sk. Mombasa (Wakefield), R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.],
k, I. Ad. sk. Lamu (Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.
m, n. <5 ad. sk. Lamu, Jan. F. J. Jackson, Esq. [P.],
o, p. Ad. sk. Dar-es-Salaam (E. C. Rax- Shelley Coll.
ton),
q. Ad. sk. Melindi (Sir J Kirk). Shelley Coll.
4. ILelittophagus variegatus.
Le Guepier a collier gros-bleu ou le Gu&pier Sonnini, Levaill. Hist.
Nat. Guepiers, iii. p. 33, pi. 7 (1807).
Merops
variegatus, Vieill. N. Diet, d'Hist. Nat. xiv. p. 25 (1817) ;
Marti Orn. W.-Afr. p. 39 (1857) • Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad
1859, p. 34: Marti. J.f.O. 1861, p. 106 ; Reichen. J.f.O. 1875,
p. 18; Rocage, Orn. Angola, p. 91 (1877).
Melittophagus sonnimi, Roie, Isis, 1828, p. 316 (e.v Levaill); Pp.
2 . MELITTOPHAGUS.
Consp. i. p. 163 (1850) ; Dresser, Monoqr. Merop. p. 107, pi. 24
(1885).
Melittophagus variegatus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86 (1846).
Melittophagus cyanipectus, Very, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 209.
Merops sonmnii, Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 71, Taf. 447.fig. 3237
(1852).
Merops cyanipectus, Reichenb. t. c. p. 71 (1852).
Spheeophobus sonninii, Reichenb. t. c. p. 82 (1852).
Spheeophobus cyanipectus, Reichenb. t. c. p. 82 (1852).
Melittophagus angolensis, (nee Gm.), Cab. § Heine, Mus. Hew.
Th. ii. p. 135 (I860).
Merops angolensis (nee Gm.), Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 100, no. 1219
(1869); Rekhen. J. f. O. 1877, p. 21; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc,f
Zool. xvii. p. 435 (1884).
Adult male. Similar to 2L pu stilus, and ha\ing the base of the
forehead green like the crown, thus showing only a few blue superciliary
feathers ; the fore neck, however, is blue, as in 1L lafresnayii.
Total length Q-5 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 3*4, tail 2*5, tarsus 0-35.
Young. Greener above than the adult, and differing in the colour
of the under surface; the throat pale yellowish, with no blue on
the fore neck, this being replaced by a brownish shade, the breast
being emerald-green, streaked with dusky.
Hah. West Africa, from Senegambia to the Congo, extending
into Equatorial Africa.
a. Ad. sk. River Gambia. Sliarpe Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Sharpe Coll.
c. d. Ad. sk. Gaboon (T. Thompson). Shelley Coll.
e. Ad.;/. Juv.sk. Gaboon (Du Chaillu). Sharpe Coll.
g. Ad.; h. Juv. sk, Gaboon (Du Chaillu). Tweeddale Coll.
i. $ ad. sk. Omoro, Gaboon, June 13 Sliarpe Coll.
(J. Shertchley).
h. Ad. sk. River Gongo. Commander Sperling [P.].
I
Ad. sk. Mushra Rek, Equatorial F. Bohndorff [C.].
Africa.
5. llelittopiiagus lafresnayii.
Merops vaiiegatus (nee V.), EMI. Kupf. Tag. p. 5, pi. 7 (1832);
Rupp. Neue Wirb., Tog. p. 72 (1835-40); id. Syst Uebers. p. 24
(1845): Horsf. § Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. pp. 89, 416
(1864); Heugl. Syst. Uebers. p. 19 (1850); ScM. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Merops, p. 11 (1863).
Merops lafresnayii, GuSrin, Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 322; Gray, Gen. B.
i. p. 86 (1846); Guirin in Ferr. $ Galin. Voy. Ahjss. iii. p. 243,
pi. 15 (1847); Brehm, Reis. Habesch, p. 210 (1803); Heugl. J.f.O.
1864, p.355; "" "" " "~ '""""" """ '
Orn. N.O.~Afr.
Zool. Ah/ss. p.
(1870); 'id. $ Hartl >6y.'Ostafr. p.' 192, note (1870).
Merops lefebvrii, Des Murs, Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 243; id. in Lefebvr.
Voy. Abyss, pp. 83, 164, pi. 5 (1845); id. Iconogr. Orn. pi. 34
(1846).
Melittophagus lafresnayi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 163 (1850); Dresser,
Mongr. Merop. p. 105, pi. 23 (1884).
VOL. XVII. E
MEBOPIDiE.
Merop svariegatus (neeV.), Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 72, Taf. 447.
fig. 3238 (1852).
Merops lafresnayi, Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 72, Taf. 447. fig. 3239
(1852).
Sphecophobus variegatus et S. lafresnayii, Reichenb. t. c. p. 82.
Adult male. Similar to M. pusillus, but larger, and having a
frontal band of ultramarine blue which, extends backwards over the
eye; the hinder cheeks white; the patch on the fore neck deep
blue instead of black; the chestnut colour extending down the
breast, the abdomen tinged with golden green, and the tail-feathers
tipped with purer white : " bill black; feet dusky ; iris cinnabar-
red" (Heuglin). Total length 8 inches, culmen 1*45, wing 4,
tail 3*5, tarsus 0*35.
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 7*5 inches,
culmen 1*4, wing 3*7, tail 3*2, tarsus 3*5.
Hah. N.E. Africa from Abyssinia to Shoa.
a. Ad. sk. Sooroo, Abyssinia, April 5 ( W. Tweeddale Coll.
Jesse).
b, c. Ad. sk. Undul and Barakit, Abyssinia, "W. T. Blanford,
Feb., May. Esq. [P.].
d. Ad. sk. On the road to Magdala {Col. Hurne Coll.
Napier Sturt).
e) f. Ad. sk. Anseba River, Bogos Land Sharpe Coll.
(Fsler).
g, h. Ad. sk. Shoa (Sir W. C. Hams). India Mus.
i} k. <$; I. J ad. Sciotalit, Shoa, Jan., Feb., June Shelley Coll.
sk. (0. Antinort).
6. Melittophagus gularis.
Merops gularis, Shaiv fy Nodder, Nat. Misc. ix. pi. 337 (1798);
Vieill. N. Diet. dHist. Nat. xiv. p. 16 (1817) ; Hartl. Orn. W.-
Afr. p. 42 (1857) ; Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 80, pi. 452. figs.
3258-59 (1852); Schl. Mm. Pays-Bas, Merops, p. 12 (1863);
Reichen. J.f. 0.1875, p. 19; Biittih. Notes Ley den Mus. x. p. 71
(1885), p. 167 (1886).
Red-throated Bee-eater, Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. p. 177, pi. 23 (1811).
Melittophagus gularis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86, pi. 30 (1846); Dresser,
Monogr. Merop. p. 123, pis. 28, 29 (1885); Shelley, Ibis, 1890,
p. 167 ; Sharpe, App. to Jamesons i Rear Column] p. 407 (1890).
Meropiseus gularis, Sundev. (Efv. K. Vet.-Akad. Fork. Stochh. 1849,
p. R>2 ; Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 35; Hartl. J. f. 0.1861,
p. 107; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 385; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 48;
Sharpe § Bouv. Bull. Soe. Zool. France, i. p. 304 (1876) ; Boeage,
Orn. Angola, p. 94 (1877).
Nyctiornis gularis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 164 (1850); Gray, Hand-l i.
p. 98, no. 1197 (1869).
Adult. General colour above glossy black, including the scapulars
and lower back ; rump and upper tail-coverts brilliant blue; wing-
coverts black, the greater coverts edged externally with blue;
bastard-wing and primary-coverts black; quills chestnut, edged
and banded at the tip with black, the outer primaries almost
2 . MELITTOPHAGHTS.
entirely Mack; inner secondaries black, edged witli blue, and blue
towards the ends; centre tail-feathers blue, black in the centre,
the remainder entirely black; crown of head black, like the back;
the forehead and a broad eyebrow bright cobalt, as well as the
lores,iWKl a spot at the base of the cheeks; sides of face, ear-
coverts, and cheeks black, with a slight bluish shade below the eye;
throat bright scarlet; sides of throat, sides of neck, and under
surface of body black, the fore neck and breast streaked with bright
cobalt, more thickly on the abdomen and flanks; thighs black
marked with blue; under tail-coverts bright cobalt; under wing-
coverts blackish, the edge of the wing blue; quills below dusky,
chestnut along the inner edge. Total length 7*5 inches, culmen
1-4, wing 3-45, tail 2-8, tarsus 0*4. H
The sexes are alike in colour, according to Dr. Eeichenow.
Young. Similar to the adults, but having the upper surface
slightly washed with green, and the throat green, with a few
crimson feathers interspersed.
Hah. West Africa from Liberia to the Congo and Angola. Dr.
Eeichenow (J. f. 0. 1885, p. 222) has separated the birds from the
two latter provinces under the name of Melittophaga* gularis
australis. I have not examined a specimen from these parts, and
am unable to say whether the slight differences mentioned by
Dr. Eeichenow are sufficient to separate MelittopJiagus avstralis as
a species.
a. Ad sk. Ashanti. Godfrey Lagden, Esq. [P.].
b. Ad. sk. J}enkeia,{Goo€7mo)'7Tsshe7'). Shelley Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Ankobra Eiver. Sir K. Burton and Commander
Cameron [P.].
d. Ad. sk. Fantee {Governor Ussher). Sharpe Coll.
e-i. Ad. sk. Fantee (Governor Ussher). Shelley Coll.
k. Imm. sk. Fantee. Sir A. Moloney [P.].
/. Ad. sk. Gaboon (Walker). Sharpe Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Gould Coll.
n, o,p. Ad. sk. Gaboon (P. B. DuChailhi). Tweeddale Coll.
7. Melittophagus bullocki.
Le Guepier a gorge rouge ou Le Guepier Bulock, Levaill. Hist Nat.
Guepiers, iii. p. 59y pi. 20 (1807).
Merops bullocki, Vieill N. Diet. cPffist Nat xiv. p. 13 (1817) ;
Smith, S. Afr. Q. Journ. ii. pt. 2, p. 320 (1834) ; Hartl. Orn. W.-
Afr. p. 41 (1854) ; id. J.f. 0.1861, p. 107; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Merops, p. 8 (1863, pt.); Heugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. pt. 1, p. 204
(1869); Sharps fy Bouv. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 304 (1876) ;
Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 556; Hartert, Jf 0. 1886, p. 593.
Merops cyanogaster, Szvains. B. W, Afr. p. 80, pi. 8 (1837).
Melittophagus bullocki, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86 (1846); id. List
Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 72 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 163 (1850) ;
* Corrected at p. 468 of J. f. 0. for 1865 to Meropiscus.
is2
MEEOPIDiE.
Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 101, no. 1224 (1869); Dresser, Monogr.
Merop. p. 133 (1885).
Spheconax bullocki, Cab. $ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 134 (1860).
Adult General colour above green, inclining to ruddy cinnamon
on the hind neck and sides of the neck; wing-coverts and quills
green like the hack, the primaries dusky blackish at the ends, all
tho secondaries banded with black at the tips, with a subrerminal
shade of bluish; the innermost secondaries green, like the back,
with a spot of blue near the ends; centre tail-feathers olive-green,
washed with blue on the margins; remainder of the tail-feathers
golden huff, chestnut along the inner webs, and banded with green
at the ends; the outermost tail-feather green, with dusky inner
margins; head green, like the back, slightly washed with emerald-
green ; lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts black, with a
very narrow and indistinct line of green feathers below the latter;
cheeks and throat crimson; remainder of under surface from the
fore neck downwards cinnamon-buff, washed with olive-greenish;
lower flanks, vent, and under tail-coverts deep blue, with a tuft of
silky white feathers on each side of the vent; axillaries and under
wing-coverts fawn-colour, the edge of the wings green : " bill and
feet black ; iris brown " (W. A. Forbes). Total length 8*5 inches,
culmen 1*4, wing 4, tail 3*5, tarsus 0*4.
Hob. West Africa from Senegambia to the Congo, and ET.E. Africa
from Sennaar to the Upper White Nile districts.
a, h. Ad. sk. River Gambia (Sir A. Moloney). Shelley Coll.
c. (S ad. sk. Senegal (dHinville). Biocour Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Senegal. Sharpe Coll.
/ . Ad. sk. Senegal. Shellev Coll.
g, h. Ad. sk. Shonga, R. Niger. Forbes Col].
i. $ ad. sk. Langomeri, Equatorial Africa, Shelley Coll.
Aug. 21 (Fmin Pasha).
8. Melittopliagus frenatus.
Merops bullocki (nee V.), Riipp. Neue Wirb., Yog. p. 72 (1835-40) ;
id. Syst. Uebers. p. 24 (1845) ; Vierth. Naum. 1852, pp. 40-53;
BeicJienb. Handb., Merop. p. 78, Taf. 450. figs. 3250-51 (1852) j
Heugl. Syst. Uebers. p. 20 (1856) ; Sckl Mus. Pays-Bas, Merops,
p. 8 (1863, pt.) ; Keugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr, i. pt. i. p.204 (1869, pt.);
Finsch $ Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 188, note (1870).
Coccolarynx bullocki (nee V.\ Meichenb. Handb.. Merop. p. 83
(1852). I F
Merops frenatus, Hartl X f. O. 1854, p. 257: id. Orn. W.-Afr.
p. 42 (1857); id. J. f. 0.1*861, p. 107; Keugl J. f. O.1864, p. 335 ;
Hartl Abhandl not. Ver. Bremen, vii. p. Il l (1881).
SphecoDax frenatus, Cab. $ Heine, Mm. Hein. Th. ii. p. 134 (1860).
Melittophagus bullocki (nee V.), Antin. Cat. deser. Uec. p. 31
(1864); Hartm. J.f.O. 1866, p. 204 j Dresser, Monogr. Merop.
pi. 32 (1885).
Melittophagus frenatus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 101, no. 1226 (1869) :
Pelz. Sitz. zool-bot Ges. Wien, xxxi. p. 143 (1881).
2 . MELITTOPHAetJS.
Adult. Similar to M. bullocki, but having a narrow superciliary
line of blue across the base of the forehead and above the eye, as
well as a cheek-stripe of brighter blue below the black ear-coverts.
Total length 8-3 inches, culmen 1*45, wing 3*9, tail 3*5, tarsus 0-45.
Hob. N.E. Africa.
a. Ad. sk Sennaar (Kotschj). Sharps Coll.
9. Melittophagiis boleslavskii.
Merops bullockii, Vierth. Naum. 1852, p. 41 (pi).
Merops bolesla^ Jd, Pels. Sitz. k. Alcad. Wien, xxx. p. 320 (1858);
Hani. J.f.O. 1861, p. 107; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 206
(1869).
Spheconax boleslavskii,
Cab. 8f Heine. Mus. Hein. Tli. ii. p. 133
(I860).
Merops frenatus, pt., Heugl. J.f. 0. 1864, p. 335; FinsclifyHartL
Vog. Ostafr. p. 188 (1870).
Melittophagiis boleslavskii, Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 101, no. 1227
(1869) ; Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 137, pi. 33 (1885).
Adult. Similar to M. bidloclei, but having the throat golden yellow
instead of crimson. Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 1*5,
wing 3*95, tail 3*5, tarsus 0-4.
The occurrence of this yellow-throated form along with true if.
bulloclci both in Eastern and Western Africa induces me to think
that it is an occasional variety of the latter, rather than a distinct
species. There is no sign of its being a young bird, as has been suggested
by some authors.
Hah. Senegambia and JSTorth-eastern Africa.
a. Ad. sk. Oasamance. Purchased,
10. Melittophagiis albifrons.
Merops
bullockoides (!), Smith, S. Afr. Q. Journ. (2) ii. p. 320
(1834); id. Ill Zool S. Afr. pi. ix. (1838); Peichenb. Handb.,
Merop. p. 77, pi. 450. figs. 3248-49 (1852); Kirk, Ibis, 1864,
p. 324; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 70 (1867); Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B.
p. 4 (1871); Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 363; Bar rati, Ibis, 1876,
p. 197; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 93 (1877); Sharpe <§• Bouvier,
Bull. Soc. Zool. Frame, iii. p. 475 (1878); Sharpe, ed Bayard's B.
S. Afr. pp. 99, 804, pi. iv. fig. 1 (1876-84); Ayres, Ibis, 1879,
p. 289; Sharpe in Oates1 Matabele Land, p 301 (1881) ; Ayres,
Ibis, 1886, p. 284; Souza, Jorn. Lisb. p. 220 (1888).
Melittophagus bullockoides, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86 (1846); id. Cat.
Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 72 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 164(1850); Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 101, no. 1225 (1869) ; Ayres, Ibis, 1871, p. 150;
Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 242 ; Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 129, pi. 35
(1885).
Coccolarynx bullockoides, Peichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 83 (1862).
Spheconax albifrons, Cab. 8f Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 133 (1860).
Merops smithii, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Merops, p. 9 (1863).
Merops albifrons, Finsch fy Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 187 (1870).
Melittophagus albifrons, Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. p. 360 (1884).
54
M ERO17LBJE.
Adult male. Similar to M. bullocki, but distinguished by its blue
upper tail-coverts, and by the hoary white on the forehead, eyebrow,
chin, and cheeks ; the tail also is green: " bill black; feet dusky;
iris dusky" (T. Ay?*es). Total length 9 inches, culmen 1*4, wing
4*45, tail 4*5, tarsus 0*4.
Young. Similar to the adults, but much duller in colour, the blue
on the upper and under tail-coverts not so pronounced ; the crimson
throat duller and not so extended, and the white of the cheeks
washed with greenish.
Hab. South Africa from Natal to the Zambesi, and extending into
East Africa as far as Masai Land.
a.
Ad. st. Interior of S. Africa N. of 25°. Sir A. Smith [C.].
(Type of species.)
1. Ad. sk. Natal.
Sharpe Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Transvaal (T. Ay res). Sharpe Coll.
dj e. (S ad. sk. Transvaal, July ( T. F. Buckley). Shelley Coll.
/ . Ad. sk. Crocodile River, July (F. Oates). W. E. & C. G. Oates,
Esqs. [P.].
g.
Juv. sk. Rustenberg. F. A. Barratt, Esq.
[P.].
k. <$ ad. sk. Rustenberg, June 11 ( T. Ay res). Gurney Coll.
i-o. Ad. sk. Makalaka Country (Dr. Brad-Shelley Coll.
shaw),
p, q. Ad. sk. Zambesi Rizer. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
r, s, t. Ad. sk. Rovuma River (J. ^ho?npson). Shelley Coll.
u, v. Ad. sk. Masai Land (J. Thompson). Shelley Coll.
11. Melittophagus revoilii
Merops (Melittophagus) revoilii, Oustalet in RewiVs Faun, et Flor.
Comalis, Ois. p. 5, pi. i.; id. Bill. Fcoie Sci. Nat. xxxi. pt. 10, p. 4
(1886).
Melittophagus revoilii, Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 398; Dresser, Monogr.
Merop.y.139, pi. 34(1886).
Adult. General colour above yellowish green, the lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts silvery cobalt, with a tinge of darker
blue on the latter ; wing-coverts green, washed with bluish green;
quills dull green with dusky shafts, all the feathers also tipped with
dusky, and inclining to pale cinnamon near the base of the
inner web; tail-feathers bluish green; head brighter yellowish
green than the back, streaked with silvery blue, and showing a distinct
blue eyebrow; lores, feathers round the eye, and ear-coverts
black: cheeks and throat white; remainder of under surface of body
pale fawn-buff with an olive tint, and a tuft of silky white feathers
on each side of the vent; under tail-coverts light cobalt-blue ; under
wing-coverts pale fawn-colour, the edge of the wing green. Total
length 6-5 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 3-1, tail 2*7, tarsus 0-4.
Bab. Somali Land.
a. Ad. sk. Somali Land (F. Lort Phillips). Shelley Coll.
Z. MEL1TT0PHAGUS. 0*>
12. MelittophagTis leschenaulti.
Le Guepier Laichenot, Levaill Hist Nat Guepiers, iii. p. 55, pi. 18
(1807).
? Le Guepier quinticolor, Levaill. t. c. p. 51, pi. 15 (1867).
Merops leschenaulti, Vieill N. Diet. d'Hist Nat xiv. p. 17 (1817);
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 70
(1848, pt.).
? Merops quinticolor, Vieill. N. Diet d'Hist. Nat xiv. p. 21 (1817,
ex Levaill).
Merops urica, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 172 (1821).
Merops quinticolor, Horsf. $ Moore, Cat B. Mm. E. L Co. i. p. 88
(1854, pt.); Nichols. Ibis, 1881, p. 143; Vordenn. Nat Tijdschr,
Nederl. Ind. xli. p. 186 (1882), xiii. p. 47 (1883), xliv. p. 191
(1885), xlvi. p. 70 (1887).
Melittophagus leschenaulti, Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 121, pi. 27
(1885).
Adult male. General colour green, inclining to golden green on
the mantle; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts light silvery
blue- wing-coverts green; quills externally green, internally rufous,
the ends of the quills with a black bar, the inner secondaries green;
tail-feathers greenish blue with black shafts, the inner webs dusky
as well as the ends of the feathers ; crown of head and neck light
chestnut or bay, extending over the mantle; lores blackish• ear-
coverts chestnut; cheeks and throat yellow, succeeded by a line of
black, separated from a yellow patch on the fore neck by a greenish-
blue shade; remainder of under surface of body pale emerald-green*
the breast and flanks slightly washed with yellow, the abdomen
becoming gradually more blue, the under tail-coverts pale sea-blue ;
under wing-coverts and quill-lining rufous or pale chestnut. Total
length 7*2 inches, culmen 1*25, wing 3*95, tail 3-05, tarsus 0*4.
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 7*7 inches, culmen
1*3, wing 375, tail 3*3, tarsus 0*4.
Hob. Confined to the island of Java.
a. Ad. sk. Java (Horsjield). India Museum.
b, c. S $ ad. sk. Java (Diard). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Java. Tweeddale Coll.
13. Melittophagus swinhoii.
? Le Guepier a teste rouge des Indes, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 563, pi. 44
fig. 3 (1760).
?Le" Guepier a tete rouge, Month. Hist Nat. Ois. vi. p. 508 (1779).
? Red-headed Bee-eater, SItawfyNodder, Nat. Misc. pi. 357 (1778) ;
Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 679 (1782),
? Merops erythrocephalus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 463 (1788).
Merops urica (nee Horsf), Swains. Zool III pl.8 (1820,fig.^ male).
Merops quinticolor (nee V.), Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit Mus.
Passeres, pi. 22. fig. 1, no. 561; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82
(1844) • Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc. Nepal pres. Hodgs. p. 57 (1846) ;
id. Gen. B. i. p. 86 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 70 (1848,
pt.); Bp. Consp, i. p. 163 (1850); Kelaart, Prodr. Cat p. 199
(1852); Horsf $ Moore, Cat. B. E. I Co. Mus. i. pp. 88,416
MEEOPlDiE,
(1854, pi); Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 264; Gould, B. Asia, I
pi. 34 (1856): Jercl B. hid. i. p. 208 (1862); Schl Mus. Pays-
P„. TW fl ^ « -n O /IftfiS TYM - 7?/?//7>. /AAv 1 fififi. r\ PAA • »*/«»
p. 301; JJo/dm P. £. S. 1872, p. 423 ; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 3;
Swinh. Ibis, 1873, p. 231; Ball, Str. F. 1873, p. 57; JTfiZfc. Ibis,
1881, p. 377.
Merops erythrocephalus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soe. p. 53 (1849);
Swinh. P.Z.-S. 1871, p. 348 ; Blyth $ Wald. B. JBurm. p. 72
(1875).
Merops (Urica) quinticolor, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 8 (1854).
Merops swinhoii, Hume, Nests fy Eggs hid. B. p. 102 (1873); id.
JStr. F. ii. p. 108 (1874); Ball, t. c. p. 386 ; Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 50
(1875); Fairb. Str. F. iv. p. 254 (1874) ; Armstr. t. e. p. 305 ;
Hume, Str. F. v. p. 18 (1877); Ball, Str. F. vii. p. 203 (1878) ;
Hume, t. c. p. 456 ; Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 312 (1878); Hume, Str.
F. 1879, pp. 48, 85 ; Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 49 (1880): Bingham, t c.
p. 153; Davison, Str. F. x. p 350 (1883); Parker, Ibis, 188G, p. 184 ;
Taylor, Str. F. x. p. 456 (1887); Terry, Str. F. x. p. 470 (1887);
Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 42 (1888).
Merops leschenaulti (nee V.), Fairb. Str. F. v. p. 394 (1877); Anderson,
Bep. Zool. Exped. Yun-nan, p. 582 (1878) ; Hume § Davison,
Str. F. vi. pp. 68, 498 (1878).
Melittophagus leschenaulti (nee V.), Oates, Handb, B. Brit. Burm.
ii. p. 68 (1883).t
Melittophagus quinticolor, Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 115, pi. 2Q
(1885); Oates, ed. Hume's Nests $ Egg's hid. B. iii. p. 67 (1891).
Adult male. Similar to M. leschenaulti, but easily distinguished
"by the chestnut colour of the lower throat, preceding the black
collar across the neck: " bill black; legs dusky black, claws dark horncolour;
iris crimson" (E. W. Oates). Total length 7*5 inches, oilmen
1'3, wing 4-25, tail 2*9, tarsus 0*4.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 7 inches,
culmen 1'35, wing 4*1, tail 2*75, tarsus 0*4.
Hob. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, the islands in the Bay of
Bengal, ranging through the Burmese countries to Siam and Cochin
China, and into the Malayan Peninsula.
a, b, c. Ad. sk. Ceylon, Nov. (S. Chapman #
H. Nevill).
Tweeddale Coll.
d. tf ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
f,g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
N.W. Ceylon, Feb.
Travancore, Feb.
Anjango, Dec.
Malabar.
Colonel Legge [P.],
F. Bourdillon, Esq.
[C.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
i, k. (S ad. sk.
Lm.Si a<i-sk-
n. <$ ad. sk.
o,p. Ad. sk.
Coonoor, Feb., April (F. Day).
Biuiiar, Coonoor Ghat, April(JR. G. W. P.).
Seegore, April (W. Davison).
Madras.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Bev. H. H. Baber
q. Ad. sk. Madras.
PP.]Rev.
H. H. Baber
[P.].
r. Ad. sk. Dehra Dhoon. Tweeddale Coll.
2. MELiriOPJIAOUS.
s. d ad. sk.
tjU. Ad. et juv.
sk.
v-z. Ad. sk.
a7. Ad. sk.
b'-f. 6 ad.
(j. tf ad. sk.
7/. Ad. sk.
*'. Ad. sk.
k',l', m'. cT ad.;
ri, o. 5 ad. sk.
p',q'. d S ad.sk.
?•'. c? ad. sk.
s', £'. Ad. sk.
u'. (S ad. sk.
v',w'. <$ ? ad.sk.
Ad. sk.
**,y
2'. Ad. sk.
a". Ad. sk.
b'',c". c? Jad.sk.
tf", 6". $ ad. sk.
/'. J ad. sk.
/'. S ad. sk.
A", c? ad. sk.
*",&", Z". tf ad.;
m". $ ad. sk.
n". Ad. sk.
0". c? ad. sk.
p". Ad.; gr", r".
5 ad.sk.
*",$"• 6 $ad.sk.
M". Ad. sk.
v", w". 3 ad.;
x". $ ad.sk.
y". 5 ad. sk.
z". Ad. sk.
a3. Ad. sk.
63. $ ad. sk.
c3~f. <f ad.; g\
h\ $ ad. sk.
i33
-x. (S ad. et
imm.; ya-lK $
ad. et inim. sk.
m\ n*. 3 ad.; o4
s4. $ ad. sk.
£4, w4. Ad. sk.
v4. Ad. sk.
w4. Ad. sk.
x\y\ <$ ad.;*1,
«\ $ ad. sk.
Kalsi, Dlioon, Nov.
Nepal.
Bhotan Doars, April (L. Man
delli).
Gowliatti, Assam.
Sadhya, May, June (J. Cock-
burn).
N.
Khasia Hills, Feb. (A. W.
ChennelV).
Myrnensing.
Oacbar.
Comniillah, Tippera, March,
May (V. Irvin).
Akyabj March (J. Armstrong).
Thayetmyo.
Pegu, Jan.
Second defile of Irrawaddy,
March.
Rangoon, Nov., Dec. (JR. G.
W. 11.).
Karen Hills, Nov. (JR. G.
W.R.).
Karen-nee, March (22.0. W.H.).
Tonghoo, Sept. (JR. G. W. JR.).
Pahpoon, Jan. ( W. Davison).
Kaukaryit, Oct., Jan.
Assoon, Feb. (W. Limborg).
E-po, Jan. (W.D.).
Meetan, Feb. (W. D.).
Amherst, Dec, Jan.
Salween Distr. (W. JD.).
Moulrnein, March (W. JD.).
Tavoy, March, April (J. Dar
ting).
Mergui, Nov., Jan. (W. !>.).
Palaw-ton-ton, Dec. (W. D.).
Bankasoon,Nov.,Dec. (W.D.).
Malewoon, Dec.
Saigon, Cochin China.
Canton, China.
Kossoum, May (J. Darliiig).
Tongka, Jan. (J. D.).
Salang, Feb., March (J. D.).
Taroar, Feb. (J. JD.).
Penang (Dr. Cantor).
Penang, Nov. 27 (W. JD.).
Province Wellesley, Dec.
South Andamans, May, July,
Sept. (JR. J. Wimberley).
Hume Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
Ilunae Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Ilumo Coll.
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Dr. J. Anderson [C.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
M. E. Pierre [P.].
Tweeddale Coll."
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Dr. A. McKinlay,
[p.].
Hume Coll.
58
MEROPIDJE.
¥, e5, d5. S ad.; South Andainans, Jan., Feb. Tweeddale Cull,
e%f3,95-¥ ^ sk- (•#• G>-JR-)h5.
3 ad. sk Aberdeen, S. A., April (W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
i5, k5,15. cJ ad. sk. Port Mouat, S. A., April (W. D.\ Hume Coll.
m5, n5, o\ £ ad.; Mount Harriet, S. A., Dec, Hume Coll.
p3, q5. ? ad. sk. March ( W. I).).
r5, s5. cS ? ad. sk. Port Blair,t 8. A., July, Sept. Hume Coll.
t5. Sternum. Irawady River. Dr. J. Anderson
[o.J.
3. MEROPS.
Type.
Merops, Linamus, Si/bt. Nat. i. p. 182 (1706) M. apiaster.
Melittotheres, Reickenb. Handb., Merop. p. 82 (1852) . M. nubicus.
Tephraerops, Reickenb. t. c. p. 82 M. malimbicus.
Melittophas, Reickenb. t c. p. 82 M. bicolor.
^ Aerops, Reickenb. t. c. p. 82 M. albicollis.
Phlothrus, Reickenb. t. c. p. 82 M. viridis.
Blepharomerops, Reickenb. t c. p. 82 M. persicus.
Cosmaerops, Cab. §• Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 138
(1860) M. ornatus.
Bombylonax, Heine, J.f.O. 1859, p. 4'J4 M. breweri.
Archimerops, Ilartl. Arck. f. Naturg. xxvi. p. 90
(1860) M. breweri.
Range. Nearly the whole of the Old World.
Key to the Species.
A.
With no chestnut on the under surface of the
tail-feathers.
a. Breast green or blue, of a dark or light
shade.
a'. Back and scapulars chestnut, as well as the
wings; head purplish blue, like the breast
and abdomen muelleri, p. 59.
b'. Scapulars green or ochre-yellow.
a". Mantle chestnut, like the head.
a"f. Scapulars green ; lower back, rump,
and upper tail-coverts silvery cobalt;
tail blue.
a4. Head and mantle light bay bicolor, p. 60.
b4*. Head and mantle deep chestnut .. sumatranus, p. 61.
b'". Scapulars ochreous yellow, like the
lower back and rump; upper tail-
coverts and tail green apiaster} p. 63.
b1'. Mantle green.
c'". Upper throat yellow, succeeded by
chestnut.
c4. No black on the fore neck; tail
blue or green.
a5. Tail green.
aB. Forehead, eyebrow, and cheek-
stripe blue; head light green, persicus, p. 66.
3 . MEKOFS.
f>t>
66. Forehead, eyebrow, and cheek-
stripe white j head brown,
contrasting with the green
back superciliosus, p. 70.
b5. Tail blue, as well as upper tail-
coverts phttippmus, p. 71.
dK A broad black patch on the fore
neck; tail black, the centre
feathers washed or edged with
greenish blue ornatus, p. 74.
d'".
Throat without any yellow.
el. No blackish terminal band on the
tail, but with black on the fore
neck.
e5. Throat white, followed by a
broad band of black; head
black , albicollis, p. 76.
/*. Throat green or blue, followed by
a narrow line of black; head
green or reddish washed with
green.
c6. No blue on the forehead or
eyebrow; throat sometimes
light blue, but more often
green viridis, p. 78.
d6. A narrow line of blue along
the base of the forehead and
over the eye muscatensis, p. 82.
e6. A broad blue forehead and
eyebrow cyanophrys, p. 83.
^4. A blackish terminal band on the
tail; head light chestnut; throat
reddish fawn-colour boehmi, p. 83.
b.
Breast pink or rose-colour.
c'. Back crimson-pink; head bluish green;
lower back and rump bright cobalt,
c". Throat pink, like the rest of the under
surface natalensis, p. 84.
d". Throat bluish green, contrasting with
pink breast nubicus, p. 85.
d'. Back dark ashy; chin and cheeks white . malimbicus, p. 86.
B.
With chestnut on the inner webs of the tail-
feathers underneath; back green; head and
throat black breweri, p. 86.
1. Merops muelleri *.
Meropiscus muelleri,
Cassin, Journ. PMlad. Acad. 1857, p. 37; Cab.
Sf Heine, Mm. Rein. Th. ii. p. 132, note (1860).
Merops muelleri, Marti Orn. W.-Afr. p. 262 (1857).
* From the strong contrast of its colours and from its general appearance,
this species looks like a Melittophagus, in which genus it has been placed by
Mr. Dresser; but if Melittophagiis is to be kept distinct from Merops, then
M. muelleri must be referred to the latter genus, as it has the central tail-
feathers elongated.
60 MEEOPIB^.
Meropogon muelleri, Cassin, Journ. Philad. Acad. (2) iv. p. 322,
pi. 49. fig-. 2 (18150).
Nyctiornis muelleri, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 98, no. 1198 (1SC9).
Melittopliagus muelleri, Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 127, pi. 80
(1885).
Adult. General colour above dark chestnut or maroon, the
scapulars like the back, as also the lower back; rump and upper
tail-coverts deep ultramarine ; wing-coverts dull chestnut; primary-
coverts dusky brown ; quills chestnut, edged with dusky brown, and
dusky at the ends, especially of the primaries; the inner secondaries
chestnut, greyish green along their inner webs; centre tail-
feathers dusky ultramarine, the remainder black, washed externally
with blue ; crown of head and nape ultramarine, brighter blue on
the eyebrow ; the forehead bright cobalt; lores black ; sides of face
and ear-coverts ultramarine, brighter blue on the fore part of the
cheeks; throat bright scarlet; sides of neck ultramarine; lower
throat and fore neck black; chest ultramarine, the remainder of
the under surface brighter and more cobalt-blue, including the under
tail-coverts; under wing-coverts and inner lining of quills pale
chestnut.
'Hah. West Africa, from the forests of the Gold Coast to Gaboon.
a. Ad. sk. Fantee (Aubinn). Sharpe Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. Shelley Coll.
2. Merops bicolor.
Le Guespier de l'isle de France, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 543, pi. 44. fig. 2
(1760) ; Daubent. PL Enl vi. p. 252.
Le Petit Guespier des Philippines, Briss. t. c. p. 655, pi. 48. fig. 2
(1760).
Le Guepier marron et blue, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 493
(1779).
Merops americanus, P. L. 8. Mull. 8yst. Nat. 8uppl. p. 95 (1776);
Cass. Proe Philad. Acad. 1864, p. 243.
Chestnut Bee-eater, Lath. Gen. 8yn. i. pt. 2, p. 677 (1782).
Merops bicolor, Bodd. Tail. PI. Enl. p. 15 (1783); Wald. Trans.
Zool. 8oc. ix. p. 150, pi. xxvi. fig. 1 (1875) ; Tioeedd. P. Z. S.
1877, pp. 540, 690, 757, 822; id. P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 282, 340;
Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 27, pi. 7 (1884); 8teere, List B. fy
Mamm. Philipp. p. 9 (1890).
Merops badius, G?n. 8yst. Nat. i. p. 462 (1788); Gray, Gen. B. i.
p. 86 (1846); Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 75, Taf. 449. fig. 3244
(1852).
Merops castaneus, Lath. Lnd. Orn. i. p. 273 (1790); Vieill. N. Diet
tfffist Nat. xiv. p. 18 (1817).
Le Guepier marron et bleu, ou Le Guepier Latreille, male, Levaill.
Hist. Nat. Guipiers, iii. p. 45, pi. 12 (1807).
Merops hypoglaucus, Reichenb. Handb.) Merop. p. 76, Taf. 449. fig.
3245 (1852).
Melittophas badius, Reichenb. t c. p. 82 (1852).
Melittopkas hypoglaucus, Reichenb. t. c. p. 82 (1852).
Merops omatus (nee Lath.), Von Mai-tens, J. f. O. 1866, p. 17.
Adult male. Back and scapulars green, as well as the wing
3 . MEKOFS.
61
coverts; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts silvery blue ;
quills green, all but the innermost secondaries with a black bar at
the ends, the inner web rufous fawn-colour; tail-feathers bluo,
with black shafts and narrow blackish ends, the two centre feathers
with a black end of about an inch long; entire crown, hind neck,
and mantle bay or bright chestnut, as well as the sides of the neck ;
lores, feathers below the eye, and ear-coverts black; cheeks light
cobalt; under surface of body emerald-green, washed with blue on
the throat; under tail-coverts light cobalt-blue; under wing-
coverts and quill-lining fawn-colour: " bill black; feet brown ; iris
crimson " (A. Everett). Total length 10*5 inches, culmen 1*6, wing
4*25, tail 3*2, centre tail-feathers 5-5, tarsus 04.
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 11 inches,
culmen 1-6, wing 4*75, tail 3*6, centre tail-feathers 6*3, tarsus 0-35.
Toting. Differs from the adults in being duller and greener, the
red of the head being overshaded with green and the mantle and
upper back green; the under surface is paler, the throat and abdomen
pale blue and the breast light green.
Hab. Confined to the Philippine Archipelago.
a. Ad. sk. Philippine Islands. India Museum.
b, e. Ad. sk. Manila. Gould Coll.
d, e. $ 5 ad. sk. Luzon, April (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll
f.
S ad. sk. . Monte Alban, March (A. H. Tweeddale Coll.
Everett).
g. Ad. sk. Panay.
Prof.Steere[C.].
h,
i. S ad.; h. Valencia, Negros, Aug. (A. H. Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk. Everett).
1. <$ ad. sk. Placer, July (A. EC. Everett), Tweeddale Coll.
m. 2 ad' sk. Butuan, May {A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
n, o. cT ad. sk. S. Leyte, Sept. (A. EC. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
p.
$ ad. sk. Cebu, March {A. EC. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
q. $
ad. sk. Zamboanga. Voy. II.M.S.
i Challenger.'
3. Merops sumatranus.
Merops sumatranus,
Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 294 (1821);
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86 (184G); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 53
(1849) ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 151; Walden, Trans. Z. 8. ix.
p. 151, pi. xxvi. fig. 2 (1875); Tweedcl Ibis, 1877, pp. 7, 297;
Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 248; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 48 (1879);
Tiraut, Bull. Soc. Comm. Agrie. Cochin Chine, (3) i. p. 98 (1879) ;
Sharps, P. Z. S.1879, p. 329, 1881, p. 793 ; Nicholson, Ibis, 1882,
p. 56, 1883, p. 243; Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 23, pi. 6 (1884).
Merops cyanopygius, Less. Traite, p. 238 (1831).
Merops badius (nee G?n.), Bp. Consp. i. p. 162 (1850) ,* Hoi*sf. 8c
Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 87 (1854); Moore, P. Z. S.
1854, p. 264; Motley $ Dillw. Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 14 (1855);
Scl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 213; 8chl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Merops, p. 3
(1863); Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 377.
Merops
bicolor (nee Bodd.), Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 99, no. 1202
(1869); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 90 (1874); Sharps, P. Z. S.1875,
p. 101; id. Ibis, 1876, p. 83, 1877, p. 5; David # Oust. Ois.
62
MER0PIDJ2.
Chine, p. 73 (1877); Vorderm. Nat. Tijdsehr. Nederl. Lid, xliv.
p. 191 (1885), xlvi. p. 69 (1837).
Merops rochechouardi, IZeude, Ann. Set. Nat. 1873 (testeDresser).
Adult male. Differs from M. bicolor in having the head and
mantle deep chestnut instead of bay, and in having the throat more
constantly bluish : " bill black; feet blackish; iris dragon's blood
red" (A. Everett). Total length 11 inches, culmen 1*55, wing 4*4,
tail 3, centre tail-feathers 5, tarsus 0*4.
Adalt female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 9*5
inches, culmen 1*35, wing 4, tail 3, tarsus 0*4.
Young. Entirely green above, excepting the light blue lower back
and rump; chin and upper throat white, washed with yellow;
hinder cheeks and throat blue; fore neck and breast green, becoming
light blue on the abdomen and under tail-coverts.
Hob. From Southern China to Cochin China and Siam, the
Malayan Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, and Borneo.
a. Ad. sk. Penang (Dr. Canto?'). India Museum.
b, o. <$ ad. sk.
Ding-Ding Islands, Feb. (TV. Hume Coll.
Davison).
d, e. $ $ ad. sk. Langat, Salangore, April ( TV. D.). Hume Coll.
/, g. 6 ad.; /*, i. Klang, Nov., May, June (TV. Hume Coll.
2 ad. sk. Davison).
k. Imm. st. Malacca. Purchased.
I. Ad. sk. Malacca. Purchased.
m~x. Ad. et imm. Malacca, July, Aug. (TV. D.). Hume Coll.
sk.
z. Imm. sk. Malacca, Nov. (Dr. Maingay). Tweeddale Coll.
a', b'. S ad. sk. Chohong, Oct. (TV. Davison). Hume Coll.
c'-e'. $ ad. et Pulo Seban, Oct. (W. D.). Hume Coll. >
imm.;/-#. ?
ad. et imm, sk.
i'-v'. S ad. et Kuroo, Oct., Nov. (TV. D.). Hume Coll.
imm.; iv'~z'. $
ad. et imm. sk.
a", b". $ ad. et Singapore Island, Aug. (TV. D.). Hume Coll.
imm. sk.
c". Ad. sk. Sumatra {Raffles). Gould Coll.
(Type of species.)
d". Ad. sk. Sumatra. "Wallace Coll.
«",/', <7"« 6 ad. Sumatra (C. Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
et imm. sk.
Lampong (E. C. Bnxton). Tweeddale Coll.
h"-l'\ Ad. et imm.
sk.
Sarawak (A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
m". Ad. sk.
Near Belidah, May (A. H. E.). Wallace Coll.
n". J ad. sk.
Labuan (Sir J£ Low). Dr.R.B.Sharpe
o", P", f> Ad.;
[P.].
r". Jtiv. sk.
Brunei River, N.W. Borneo. Bassett Smith,
s". Ad. sk.
Esq. [P.].
t". Ad. sk. Banjarmassing (J. Motley). Wallace Coll.
3 . MEROPS. CJi
4. Merops apiaster.
The Bee-eater, Albin, Nat. Hist B. ii. p. 40, pi. 44 (1738); Yarr.
Brit. B. ii. p. 200 (1843).
Le Guespier, Brisson, Orn. iv. p. 532 (1760) ; Baubent, PI Enl. vi.
p. 938; Month. Bid. Nat Ois. yi.p. 480, pi. 23 (1779).
Le Gue&pier a teste jaune, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 537 (1700).
Merops apiaster, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 182 (1766) j Gm. Syst. Nat. i.
p. 460 (1788) j Licht. Cat rer. not. rams. p. 21 (1793) ; Pall.
Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 440 (1811) ; Temm. Man. d'Orn. p. 420
(1815); Vieill. N. Diet aVHist. Nat. xiv. p. 11 (1817); Nairn.
Vog. Beutschl. v. p. 462, pi. 143 (1826); Bom, Orn. Prov. pi. 241
(1825); Werner, Atlas, Alcyous, pi. 2 (1827); Brehm, Vog.
Beutschl. p. 147 (1831) ; Menttr, Cat rais. Cam. p. 45 (1832);
Smith, S. Afr. Q. Journ. (2) pt. 2, p. 319 (1834) ; Swains. B. JK
Afr. ii. p. 76 (1837); Gould, B. Eur. ii. pi. 59 (1837); Dickson fy
Boss, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 119; Macgill Hist. Br. B. iii. p. 685
(1840) ; Crespon, Orn. Gard. p. 290 (1840) ; Keys. u. Bias. Wirb.
Eur. p. 35 (1840); Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Buss. Merid. p. 205
(1840) ; Vigors, P. Z. S. 1841, p. 6 ; Selys-Longch. Faune Beige.
p. 107 (1842) ; Muhle, Orn. Griechenl. p. 32 (1844) ; Schl Rev.
Crit. p. 52 (1844) ; Bupp. Syst. Uebers. p. 23 (1845); Gray, Gen.
B. i. p. 86 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 68 (1848);
Thomps. B. Irel. i. p. 367 (1849) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc.
p. 51 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 160 (1850}; Harcourt, P. Z. S. 1851,
p. 145; Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 61, Taf. 443. figs. 320-322
(1852); Kjcerb. Orn. Ban. taf. 13. fig. 2 (1852); Bp. Consp.
Volucr. Anis. p. 8 (1854) ; Hewits. Eggs Brit. B. i. p. 254, pi, 64.
fig. 2 (1856); Sundev. Svensk. Fogl. p. 160, pi. 70. fig. 1 (1856);
Heugl Syst Uebers. p. 19 (1856); Bolle, J. f. 0. 1857, p. 324;
Bartl. Orn. Westafr. p. 38 (1857) ; Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 474,
1859, p. 74; Jaub. et Barth.-Lapomm. p. 323 (1859); Salvin, Ibis,
1859, p. 303; Tristr. t c. p. 435; E. Newt. t. c. p. 462 ; Tristr. Ibis,
1860, p. 161; Linderm. Vog. Griechenl. p. 44 (1860); Powys,
Ibis, 1860, p. 235; Simpson, t. c. p. 393; Cab. fy Heine, Mus.
Hem. Th. ii. p. 141 (I860) ; Hartl. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 106; Bias.
Ibis, 1862, p. 65; Trist t c. p. 278; Allen, t. c. p. 359; Homeyer,
J.f. 0.1862, p. 255 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 210 (1862); Gray, List
Br. B. p. 37 (1863); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Merops, p. 4 (1863) ;
Chambers, Ibis, 1863, p. 476; Wright, Ibis, 1864, p. 73; Sperling,
t. c. p. 282 ; Filippi, Viagg. Pers. p. 346 (1865) ; Gigl. Ibis, 1865,
p. 52 ; Lilford, t c. p. 175; Tristr. Ibis, 1866, p. 81; Lilford, t. c.
p. 178; Blyth, t c. p. 344; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 68 (1867);
Chambers, Ibis, 1867, p. 104; Brake, t. c. p. 42*5; Gould, B. Gt
Brit ii. pi. 9 (1867); JDegl. ty Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 172 (1867);
Loche, Expl. Sci. Algir., Ois. ii. p. 90 (1867); Meves, (Efv. K.
Vet.-Akad. Fork Stockh. 1868, p. 264; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 99,
no. 1201 (1869) ; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 196 (1869); Doderl
Avif. Sicil. p. 55 (3869); Saunders, Ibis, 1869, p. 185; Borggr.
Vogelf. Norddeutsehl. p. 69 (1809); Wyatt, Ibis, 1870, p. 12;
Elwes Sr Buckley, t. c. p. 189; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. p. 88, pi. 14.
fig. 3 (1870) : Blanf. Geol. $ Zool. Abyss, p. 320 (1870) ; Finsch,
Trans. Z. S. vii. p. 223 (1870); Salvad. Faun. Ital. Ucc. p. 44
(1871); Saunders, Ibis, 1871, p. 67 ; Gurney, t c. p. 74; Gray,B.
W. Seotl p. 203 (1871); Barting, Handb. Br. B. p. 34 (1872);
Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 169 (1872); Gurney, in Anderss. B. Bam.
Ld. p. 60 (1872); Brooks, J. A. S. Beng. xli. p. 73 (1872); Jerd.
64 MEKOPIDJE.
Ibis, 1872, p, 3; Marshall, t c. p. 203 ; G. C. Taylor, Ibis, 1872,
p. 230 ; Brooke, Ibis, 1873, p. 236; Hume, Nests § Eggs Ind. B.
p. 103 (1873); Ant in. fy Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 65 (1873);
Severtz. Turhest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873) ; Wright, Ibis, 1874, p. 237;
Buckley, t e. p. 363; Irh/, B. Gibr. p. 65 (1875); Shelley, Ibis,
1875, p. 69; Danf. § Ildrvie Brown, t. c. p. 300; Fallon, Ois.
Belg. p. 121 (1875); Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 122 (1876);
Wharton, Ibis, 1876, p. 19 ; Dresser, t. c. p. 319 ; id. B. Eur. v.
p. 155, pi. 295 (1877) ; Finsch, Ibis, 1877, p. 52 ; Danf. t. c. p. 272 ;
Newt ed. Yarr. Br. B. ii. p. 435 (1878) ; Finsch, Verh. z.-b. Ges.
Wien, xxix. p. 153 (1879); Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1879 p. 446 ;
Hume, Sir. F. viii. p. 85 (1879); Finsch, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxi.
p. 154 (J 879); Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 49 ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881,
p. 48; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 86 (1881); Sharpe in Oates' Matabele
id:. App. p. 801 (1881); Shelley,P. Z. S.1881,p.568; C.Sioinh. Ibis,
1882, p. 102 ; Seeb. t c. p. 209; Tristr. t. c. pp 411, 417 ; Diron,
t. c. p. 560 ; Holub $ Pelz. Beitr. 0) n. Sudafr. p. 65 (1882) ; B. 0.
U. List Br. B. p. 82 (1883) ; Seeb. Ibis, 1883, p. 21; Homeyer $
Tancre, M.T. om. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 83 ; Sharpe, ed. Layard''s
B. S. Afr. pp. 96, 804 (1884); Chapm. Ibis, 1884, p. 69 ; Clarke,
t. c. p. 144; Ayres, t c. p. 223; Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 75,
pi. 18 (1884); Tristr. Favn. $ Flor. Palest, p. 88 (1884) ; Salvad.
Ann. Mns. Civic. Genov. (2) i. p. 107 (1884) ; Seeb. Hist. Br. B.
ii. p. 321 (1884); Radde, Orn. Cauc. p. 319 (1884); Madardsz,
Zeitsehr. ges. Orn. i. p. 153 (1884); Murray, Vertebr. Faun. Sind,
p. 108 (1884); Whitehead, Ibis, 1885, p. 27 ; Ayres, t c. p. 342 ;
Sharpe, Ibis, 1886, pp. 487, 498; Souza, Jorn. Libb. 1886, no. 46,
p. 2; Gigl. Avif. Ital. p. 216 (1886); Tail, Ibis, 1887, p. 307 ;
Salvad. Etenc. Ucc. Ital. p. 74 (1887); Reichen. J. f. 0.1887, p. 300;
Guillem. Ibis, 1888, p. 112; Cordeaux, t. c. pp. 221, 223; Lilford,
Col. Fig. B. Brit. Isl part ix. (1888); Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. (2)
v. pt. 3, p. 84 (1889); St John, Ibis, 1889, p. 157; Lilford, t. c.
p. 331; Waldo, t c. p. 509 ; Sharpe, Rejj. 2nd Tarkand 31issio?i,
Aves, p. 114 (1891).
Merops congener, Linn. Si/st Nat i. p. 183 (1766) ; Gm. Syst. Nat.
i. p. 46 (1788).
L'Icterocephale ou le Guepier a tete jaime, Montb. Hist. Nat Ois.
vi. p. 510 (1779).
? Le Grand Guepier vert et blanc a gorge jaune. Montb. t c. p. 502
(1779).
Common Bee-eater, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 667 (1782).
Yellow-headed Bee-eater, Lath. t. c. p. 672 (1782).
? Yellow-throated Bee-eater, Lath. t. c. p. 678 (1782).
Le Guepier vulgaire, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Guepiers, iii. p. 21, pis. 1, 2
(1807).
? Merops chrysocephalus, Steph. in Shaitfs Gen. Zool. viii. p. 176
(1811); Vieill N. Diet WHist Nat xiv. p. 25 (1817).
Merops apiarius, Steph. op. cit. xiii. pt. 2, p. 73 (1825).
Merops hungarise, Brehm, Vor/. Deutschl. p. 146 (1831).
Merops elegans, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 50 (1855).
Adult male. Forehead white, succeeded by a blue line which
joins a narrow eyebrow of blue shading into green and is separated
by a green shade from the crown of the head and hind neck, which
are chestnut, this colour overspreading the mantle and fading into
the creamy buff of the scapulars and back, the lower back being
3 . MEB0P3.
washed with blue ; upper tail-coverts pale blue ; lessor wing-coverts
green, the remainder light chestnut like the secondaries, the latter
black at the ends; primaries blue, blackish towards the tips, the
inner secondaries green, becoming blue towards the tips ; centre
tail-feathers blue, greener towards the base, the remainder of the
feathers green with blue edges; lores and a streak surrounding the
eye and embracing the ear-coverts black; fore part of cheeks blue,
the hinder cheeks white• throat bright yellow, succeeded by a
black band across the lower throat; remainder of under surface
from the lower throat downwards greenish blue, the abdomen
rather paler; under wing-coverts and axillaries ochreous buff,
washed with green along the edge of the wing ; quills dusky below,
ochreous buff along the inner web : " bill black• feet greyish brown;
iris lemon-yellow" (if. Guillemard). Total length 10 inches,
culmen 1-65, wing 5*7, tail 4-5, tarsus 0-35.
Adult female. "Very similar to the male in colour, but sometimes
a little more washed with green ou the head and back. Total
length 9*5 inches, culmen 1*5, wing 5*9, tail 4*2, tarsus 0-45.
Young after first moult. Yery much paler than the adults, greener
below, and wanting the black bar across the lower throat; eyebrow
green ; the whole of the chestnut of the head and mantle obscured
by a wash of green, and the light parts of the back and scapulars
washed with pale greenish.
Bab. Southern Europe, extending to Central Asia and south to
Afghanistan, Cashmere, and Sind, occurring in winter throughout
the whole of Africa.
a. Ad. sk. England (Dr. Heysham). Hume Coll.
b. Ad. sk. S. France (Shaw Kennedy). . Shelley Coll.
c.
$ ad. sk. Malaga, Spain, May (H. Tweeddale Coll.
Saunders).
d. Imm. sk. Algeria.
Gould Coll.
e. 5 ad. j / . Imm. Kef Laks, Constantine, April Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk. (0. Salvin).
g. Ad. sk. Malta, May (A. L. Adams). Jardine Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Greece. Gould Coll.
*. Ad. sk. Athens. Consul Merlin [P.].
h. $ Imm. sk. Ortakeuy, Turkey, Sept. 14(T. Dr. R. B. Sharpe
JRobson).
/. (S ad. sk. Black Sea, May 9 (T. JRobson). Tweeddale Coll.
m-s. Ad. sk. Cyprus, May, Aug. (JBC. Guille-Lord Lilford [P.].
mard fy W. Fearce).
t. Ad. sk. Egypt. J. Bowring, Esq.
u. S ad. sk.
v, w. c? ad. sk.
x. $ ad. sk.
y, z. cS 2 ao^ ska',
V. <$ ad. sk.
c'j d', e'. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
Egypt, April (G. U. S.).
Mt. Carmel, Palestine, April.
Safed, Palestine.
Shiraz, June.
Shiraz, June.
Fao, Persian Gulf.
Bushire, April.
P-3Shelley
Coll.
Canon Tristram [0.].
Canon Tristram 10.].
Sir 0. St. John [C.].
W.T.Blanford,Esq.
[P.].
W. D. Cumrnmg,
Esq. [C.].
A. J. V. Palmer,
Esq. [P.].
VOL. XVII.
MEEOPID.E.
g'. Ad. sk
k'. $ ad. sk
i'j h'. S ad.; V, $
ad. sk.
m'j ri. <$ $ ad. sk.
o',p'. cS ad.sk.
q'. Ad. sk.
r\ s'. $ 2 a(*-skt'-
x'. Ad. sk.
y'-b". <$ ? ad. sk.
c". $ ad. sk.
d",e",f'. dSad.
sk.
g"-k". J ad.; Z",
m",n". $ ad.sk
o". Ad. sk.
p", q". Ad. sk.
r". <$ ad. sk.
s". Ad. sk.
*". Ad. sk
u". Imm. sk
v". $ ad. sk
to"-*". Ad. sk.
«3. <j> ad. sk.
53. $ ? ad. sk.
c3, d*,e3. tfad.
sk.
f. tf ad. sk.
g3. 2 ad. sk.
h\ Ad. sk.
«3. Ad. sk.
hz
. S ad. sk.
l\ Ad. sk.
m3. Ad. sk.
n\ Skull.
o3. Sternum.
Tentjek River, Turkestan, May
0r. 0. Finsch).
Tirphul, N. Afghanistan, April.
Kandahar, April {Sir O. St.
John).
Kandahar, April.
Byan Kheyl, June (JR. G. W.
JR.).
Iympeer, Sind, Nov. (E. A.
* Butler).
Cashmere, Oct.
Cashmere (S. Pimoill).
Cashmere, May, June, Aug.
Gilgit, May (J. Biddulph).
Srmagar, May, July (J.
Biddulph).
Agrore Valley, April, May.
River Gambia.
Abyssinia, April (W. Jesse).
Adigrat, Tigr<§, April.
Dongola, Oct.
Dar-es-Salaam (Sir J. Kirk).
River Congo.
Caconda, Angola, Nov. (An
chieta).
Makalaka Country {Dr. BradsJiaw).
Inchlangin, Matabele Land,
Dec. (F. Oates).
Ilendrik's Vley, Dec.(F. Oates).
Bamangwato, Oct. (T. JE.
Buckley).
Rustenberg, Bee. 2 (T. At/res).
Potchefstroom, Oct. 26 (T.
Ayres).
Durban, Natal (Gordge),
Orange Free State.
Malmesbury, Cape Colony,
Nov. (J. S. Van Reenen).
Cape Town.
South Africa (Sir A. Smith).
Egypt.
Shiraz (St. John),
5. Merops persicus.
Geogr. Soc. Bremen.
Dr. Aitchison [C.].
Hume Coll.
Col onelSwmhoe[P.l
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Purchased.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Tweeddale Coll,
W.T.Blanford,Esq.
F. Bohndorff ["0.1
Shelley CoU.
Old Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.
W.E.&C.G. Oates,
Esqrs. [P.].
W.E.&C.G. Oates,
Esqrs. [P.].
Shelley CoU.
Guraey Coll.
Gumey Coll.
Shelley Coll.
A. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].
Shelley Coll.
Shelley CoU.
Jardine CoU.
Dr. Christie [P.].
India Museum.
Merops persicus, Pall Pets. Buss. Reichs, ii. Anhang, p. 708 (1773) •
id. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 440 (1811) ; Menetr. Cat. rais. Cauc.
p. 46 (1832); Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Bur. p. 149 (1840) ; Nordm. in
DSmid. Voy. Russ. MSrid. iii. p. 207(1840); MiiMe, Orn. Grieehenl.
p. 32 (1844); Schl Rev. Crit. p. 53 (1844); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86
(1846); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 52 (1849); Brehm, Vogelf.
p. 50 (1855) j Tristr. Ibis, 1859, p. 27; Zinderm. Vog. Grieehenl.
p. 45 (I860); Allen, Ibis, 1862, p. 359; Wright, Ibis, 1864, p. 73;
J3. MEROPS.
Filippi, Viagg. Persia, p. 340 (1805); Bree, B. Eur. iv. p. 76, cum
fig. (1860); Taylor, Ibis, 1807, p. 50; Wyatt, Ibis, 1870, p. 10;
£M%, Z&w, 1871, p. 48 ; Serertz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 08; T^nr//^
Ibis, 1874, p. 237; Dresser, Ibis, 1S76, p. 310; id. B. Eur. v. p. 165,
pi. 296 (1877); Davidson $ Wenden, Str. F. vii. p. 77 (1878);
Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 85 (1879); Butler, Cat. B. Bind etc. p. 15
(1879) ; id. Cat. B. S. Bomb. Pres. p. 18 (1880); Doig, Str. F.
1880, p. 278; Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1880, p. 49; Biddulph, Ibis,
1881, p. 48; Qigl. t. c. p. 191; * Scully, t. c. p. 429; Davidson, Str.
F. x. p. 295 (1882); Seeb. Ibis, 1882, p. 210,-Tristr. t. c. p. 414;
Dixon, t. c. p. 560 j Seeb. Ibis, 1883, p. 21; Murray, Vertebr. Faun.
Sind, p. 108 (1884) ; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civic. Genov. (2) i. p. 108
(1884); Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 03, pi. 16 (1884); Swinh. 8f
Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 61; Aijres, t. c. p. 343; St. John, Bis, 1889,
p. 157; Reichen. J.f.O. 1889, p. 110; Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. (2)
Zool v. pt. 3, p. 84 (1889); Oates, ed. Hume's Nests & Eggs hid.
i?.iii.p.65(1891). * JJ
Merops
segyptius, ForsJc. Descr. Anim., Aves, p. 1 (1775); Less.
Traite, p."237 (1831) ; Gray, Ge?i. B. I p. 80 (1846); id. List Fissir.
Brit. Mus. p. 69 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 161 (1850); Horsf. $
Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. I p. 89 (1854); Cab. 8? Heine, 'Mus.
Hein. Th. ii. p. 140 (1860); Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 209 (1862); Sold.
Mus. Pays-Bas, Merops, p. 2 (1863) ; Antin. Cat. descr. TIcc. p. 29
(1864); Mont. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 96; Gigl. Ibis, 1865, p. 52; Tristr.
Ibis, 1866, p. 83 ; Blyth, t. c. p. 344; Degl. $ Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i.
p. 173 (1867); Loche, Expl Sci. Alger., Ois. ii. p. 91 (1867);
Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 69 (1867) ; Gumey, Ibis, 1868, p. 154;
Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 99, no. 205 (1869); Doderl. Avif. Sicil
p. 56 (1869); Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 429; Salvad. Faun. Ital. Ucc.
p. 44 (1871); Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 170 (1872); Marshall, Ibis,
1872, p. 203; Hume, Nests § Eggs Ind. B. p. 103 (1873); id.
Str. F. i. p. 167 (1873); Adam, t. c. p. 371; id. Str. F. 1874,
p. 466; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 306; Butler, Str. F. iii. p. 456
(1875); Hume, Str. F. 1876, p. 326; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 123
(1876); Butler, Str. F. vii. p. 77 (1878); Sharpe, Journ. Linn.
Soc. xviii. p. 434 (1884); id. Ibis, 1886, pp. 487,498 ; id. App. to
Jameson's l Rear-Column? p. 410 (1890).
Le Guepier Savigny, Levaill. Hist. Nat, Guepiers, p. 30, pis. 6, 6 "bis
(1807).
Le GuSpier rousse-gorge, Levaill. t. c. p. 52, pi. 16 (1807).
? Merops longicaudus, Vieill. N. Diet dHist. Nat. xiv. p. 15 (1817).
Merops superciliosus, var. (nee L.), Vieill. t. c. p. 20 (1817).
Merops ruficollis, Vieill. £. e. p. 22 (1817).
Merops superciliosus (nee £.), Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 13 (1823);
Riipp. Sijst. JJebers. p. 23 (1845); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 197
(1869, pt.); Finsch, Trans. Z. S. vii. p. 223 (1870); id. fy Hartl
Vog. Ostafr. p. 178 (1870, pt.); Gumey, in Anderss. B. Dam. Ld.
p. 61 (1872); Reichen. J. f. O. 1875, p. 18, 1877, p. 21 ; Bocage,
Orn. Angola, p. 87 (1877-81); Sharpe in Oates1 Matdbele Land,
App. p. 301 (1881); id. ed. LayaraVs B. S. Afr. pp. 97, 804 (1884);
Shelley, Ibis, 1890, p. 410.
Merops
savignii, Audouin, Expl. Somm. p. 371 (1825); Steph. in
Shaw's Gen. Zool xiii. pt. 2, p. 74 (1826); Swains. B. W. Afr. ii.
p. 77, pi. 7 (1837); Temm. Man. d'Orn, iv. p. 649 (1840); Werner',
Atlas, Alcyons, pi. 1; Crespon, Orn. Gard, p. 291 (1840); Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 86 (1846); Bp. Consp. i. p. 161 (1850); Reiehenb.
Handb., Merop. p. 65, pi. 444 (1852); Hartl Orn. W.-Afr. p. 38
F2
MEROPIDJE.
(1857); Gurney, Ibis, 1861, p. 132; Mont. Ibis, 1862, p. 334;
Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 324; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 69 (1867); Gurney,
Ibis, 1868, p. 154; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 99, no. 1206 (1869);
Holub $ Pete. Beitr. Orn. Sudafr. p. 65 (1882).
Blepharomerops aegyptius, Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 82 (1852).
Blepharoinerops savignii, Reichenb. t. c. p. 82 (1852).
Merops chrysocercus, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. JELein. Th. ii. p. 139 (1860).
Adult male. General colour above green; wing-coverts the same
as the back; primary-coverts bluish on the outer web, dusky on the
inner web with black shaft-streaks; quills golden olive, dusky
blackish at the ends and rufous at base of inner web ; inner secondaries
like the back ; upper tail-coverts like the back; tail-feathers
golden olive, the centre ones produced and darkening towards the
tips; crown of head like the back ; lores and a streak through the
eye and ear-coverts black; eyebrow and a frontal band pale blue,
preceded at the base of forehead by a white band which forms a
narrow line above the eye; chin yellow, followed by a large patch
of chestnut on the throat; the sides of the latter green, extending
on to the cheeks, which are otherwise light blue, separated from the
black ear-coverts by a line of white; sides of neck and rest of
under surface of body green like the back, with a few silky-white
plumes at side of vent; under wing-coverts and axillaries, as well
as the lining of quills, rufous fawn-colour : " bill black, legs and
feet fleshy, claws brown, iris red" (C. T. Bingham). Total length
11-8 inches, wing 6*1, culmen 1*8, tail 3*4, centre feathers 5*3,
tarsus 0*45.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour, but with rather more
green on the head; the white base to the forehead and the blue
frontal superciliary band not so broad; " soft parts as in the male "
(0. T. Bingham). Total length 12 inches, culmen 1*75, wing 5*7,
tail 3-5, longest feathers 5'5, tarsus 0*4.
Young. Similar to the adults but more olive-green, the feathers
generally paler green on their margins ; the wing-coverts, scapulars,
and inner secondaries with greenish-white edges ; the primary-
coverts golden olive like the rest of the quills ; the centre tail-
feathers scarcely protruding beyond the others and only slightly
pointed at the ends; crown of head green like the back, with very
little white at the base of the forehead, but no blue eyebrow: under
surface of body pale green; the chin whitish, succeeded by a patch
of light chestnut-brown like the under surface of quills.
As the breeding-season progresses the plumage becomes extremely
abraded and the green fades into blue.
Hal. The greater part of Africa, occurring in Southern Europe,
and extending throughout the Mediterraneo-Persic region to Tur
kestan and to IsM. India, as far south as Xhandeish.
a-g. $ ad.; h-l.
$ ad.sk.
m~b'. <$ ad.; c'~
m'. ? ad.; ri.
Near Delhi, June to August
(C. T.Bingham).
Sultanpur,Gurgaon distr., May
to Sept. (W. N. Chill).
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
<$ jr.; o'. 2 jr.
sk.
3 . MEKOPS.
p', q\ <$ ad.; r'.
6 jr.; *'. $ jr.
sk
t'-b,;. cS ad.; c"~
i". $ ad. sk.
k", S ad. sk.
r, m". Ad. sk.
Aligurh, August to October (G.
F. L. Marshall).
Sanibhur, May to Aug. (JR. M.
Adam).
Mhow, Oct. 16.
Dhulia, Khandeish, Oct. 10.
Deesa, Oct. 20 (K A. Butler).
n"} o". <$ ad. sk.
Jacobabnd, Sindh.
p", q". Imm, sk.
Pishin Valley, Aug. 16 (Sir 0.
r". Juv. sk.
St. John).
s", t". Ad. ; M", Nal, Khelat, April, Sept. (0. T.
v". Juv. sk. Duke).
w", a.*''. <$ $ ad. Kandahar, May (Sir 0. St.
sk.
j/'', a". Ad. sk.
a3. Imin. sk.
53. tf ad. sk.
c3,<#*. Juv. sk.
e3. (S ad. sk.
/3-&3. Ad.sk.
l3} m*. Ad. sk.
n,o3,jp*. Ad. sk,
£3'. Juv. sk.
r3. (5 ad. sk.
$*-u3. J ad. sk.
wz. S ad. sk.
ar. $ ad. sk.
yzj $< 6 2 ad. sk.
&4. ? ad. sk.
¥-dA. Ad.etjuv.
sk.
e4. Ad. sk.
f4
-. Imm. sk.
^r1. Imm. sk*
A4. Ad. sk.
i4
. Ad. sk.
#, l\ Ad. sk.
?n4. J ad. sk.
n\ Imm. sk.
o\p4. tf? ad.sk.
<A r4. Imm. sk.
s4. J ad.; t\ 2
Imm. sk.
w4. $ ad. sk.
«4. Ad. sk.
w\ Ad. sk.
John).
Kandahar (Griffith).
Khokand.
Kumani, N. Afghanistan, May
Mekran Coast (JE. A. Butler).
W. of Bampur, Persian Baluchistan.
Fao, Persian Gulf.
Bushire, April.
Euphrates Valley (Commander
Jones).
Sbiraz.
Jeddah, Arabia.
Egynt, March, April (G. E. S.).
Damietta, April (Filipponi).
Dongola.
Tani, Sudan, April.
Koomayli, Abyssinia (W.Jesse).
River Gambia.
Semmio, Niam Niam Country,
Dec.
River Shire* (Sir J. Kirk).
Zambesi (Br. Meller).
Tete, Zambesi (Sir J. Kirk).
Makalaka Country.
Hendrik's Vley (F. Oates).
Junction of Mooi River and
Vaal River.
Natal.
Durban (T. L. Ayres).
Ondonga, Ovampoland, Nov.
(C. J. Ande?°$son).
Ondonga, Dec. 22 (0. J. A.)
Benguela.
Benguela (Furtado dAntas).
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Colonel Swinhoe[P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
St. George Littledale,
Esq. [P.].
Dr. Aitchison [C.J.
Hume Coll.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[0.].
W. D.Cumming, Esq.
[p.i.
A. J. V. Palmer, Esq.
[P.].
India Museum.
Sir 0. St. John fO.].
H. H. Calvert, "Esq..
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Capt.W.Verner [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
F.Bohndorff[0.].
Jardine Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Livingstone Exped.
Dr. Bradshaw [ft].
W. E. & C. G. Dates,
Esqs. [P.].
F. A. Barratt, Esq.
Jardine Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
Monteiro ColL
Sharpe Coll.
70 3MEKOPIDJ2.
a*. Ad. sk, Yambuya, Upper Congo (J. Mrs. Jameson [P.].
S. Jameson).
y\ Skeleton. Abyssinia. W. Jesse, Esq. [0.].
6. Merops STiperciliosus.
Le Guepier de Madagascar, JBriss. Orn. iv. p. 545, pi. xlii. fig. 1
(1760); Daubent. PL Enh vi. pi. 259.
Merops superciliosus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 183 (1706); Vieill. N.
Diet. WEist. Nat. xiv. p. 19 (1817) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86 (1846);
JBp. Consp. i. p. 161 (1850); Cab. # Heine, Mus. Eein. Th. ii. p. 140
(1860) ; Marti. Faun. Madag. p. 32 (1861); Rock $ E. Newt. Ibis,
1862, p. 272 ; E. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 34 ; Sal Ibis, 1864, pp. 295,
299; Schl.fyPoll. Faune Madag., Ois. p. 60 (18t:8); Sperling, Ibis,
1868, p. 288; Gray, Eand-l. B. i. p. 99, no. 1204 (1869) ; EeugL
Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 197 (1809, pt.); Finsch $ Earth Toy. Ostafr.
p. 178 (1870, pt.); Blanf. Geol. $ Zool. Abyss, p. 221 (1870);
Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 429; Antin. ty Sahad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 65
(1873) ; Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 197 ; E. Newt. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 297;
Earth Yog. Madag. p. 81 (1877); Beichen. J. f. 0. 1877, p. 21;
Nichols. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 355 ; Cab. J.f. 0. 1878, p. 235 ; Fischer
§ Beichen. J.f. 0.1878, p. 256; Earth Abhandl not. Ver. Bremen,
vii. p. Il l (1881); Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxxii. p. 500 (1881) :
Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 568; Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 125, 1882,
p. 75 ; Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. p. 360 (1884) ; Dresser
Monogr. Merop. p. 71, pi. 17 (1884) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic,
Genov. (2) i. p. 107 (1884); Souza, Jorn. Lisb. 1886, xi. p. 82;
Oust. Bibl. haut. Etudes, xxxi. art. 10, p. 4 (1886); Beiche?i,
J. f. 0. 1887, p. 61; Matschie, t. c. p. 140 ; Beichen. t. c. p. 308 :
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) vi. p. 221 (1888); Shelley, Ibis,
1888, p. 296 j Souza, Jorn. Lisb. (2) 1889, no. 11, p. 118; Shelley',
Ibis, 1890, p. 267.
Le Patirich, Month. Eist. Nat Ois. vi. p. 495 (1779).
Supercilious Bee-eater, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 673 (1782).
Le Guepier rousse-tete ou Le Guepier Bonelli, Levailh Eist. Nat.
Guepiers, iii. p. 57, pi. 19 (1807).
Merops ruficapillus, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Eist. Nat. xiv. p. 23 (1817).
Merops vaillauti, Bp. Consp. i. p. 161 (1850).
Merops segyptms (nee Forsh.), Reichenb. Eandb., Merop. p. 64,
Taf. 443 B. figs. 3545-46 (1852).
Blepharomerops segyptius, Reichenb. t. e. p. 82 (1852).
Blepharomerops superciliosus, Reichenb. t. e. p. 82 (1852).
Adult male. Similar to M. aegyptius, and having a golden-olive
or greenish tail, but distinguished by having a reddish-brown head,
contrasting with the light green back, and also by the absence of
blue on the forehead and cheeks ; the forehead white at base, as
well as the eyebrow and the upper edge of the eyelid, which have
a greenish tinge; the cheeks conspicuously white: " bill black, feet
blackish, iris brick-red" (A. Grandidier). Total length 12 inches,
culmen 1*8, wing d-d, tail 3*25, central feathers 5*5, tarsus 0*45,
Eab. Madagascar and the adjacent islands, occurring in various
parts of the African continent, but apparently somewhat local.
a. Ad. sk. Madagascar (F. Plant). Jardine Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Madagascar. G. F. Scott Elliot, Esq. [P.].
c. d. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Mr. Geirard [CA
3. ME£ors«
e,f. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Sharpe Coll.
g, h. Ad. sk. N. Madagascar (A. Crossley). Sharpe Coll.
t. Ad. sk. N. Madagascar. Shelley Coll.
k-n. Ad. sk. Betsileo, March, April, Nov. Tweeddale Coll.
(W. Deans Cowan),
o. d ad. sk. Mayotte, Jan. 6 (Van Dam). Tweeddale Coll.
p.
Ad. sk. Great Comoro Islands (Sir J. Shelley Coll.
Kirk),
a. Ad. sk. Anjnan Island (Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.
r. Ad. sk. Mohilla (Sir J. Kirk). Jardine Coll.
s, t. Ad. sk. Angola (MonteirofySaid). Sharpe Coll.
u, v, to. Ad. sk. Pangani Paver, E. Africa (Sir Shelley Coll.
J. Kirk),
x. Ad. sk. Dar-es-Salaam (JE. C. Buxton). Shelley Coll.
y. Ad. sk. Melinda (Sir J". Kirk). Shelley Coll.
z. - a\ <$ ad. sk. Lamu.
P. J. Jackson, Esq.*
[P.J.
b'. Ad. sk. Mombasa (Hanford). Gurney Coll.
C. Ad. sk. Mombasa.
Rev. A. F. Buxton
d'. Ad.sk. Adigrat,Tigre, Abyssinia, April. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[P.].
Merops philippinus.
Le Grand Guespier des Philippines, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 560, pi. 43.
fig. 1 (1760); JDaubent. PL Enl vi. pi. 57.
Merops philippinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 13th edit. (Vindob.), i. p. 183
(1787, teste Walden, Jr. Z. S. vii. p. 145) ; Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 461
(1788); Vieill. N. Diet, d1 Hist. Nat. xiv. p. 27 (1817) ; Frankl.
P. Z. S. 1831, p. 115; Strickl. P. Z. S. 1842, p. 167,- Gray, Gen.
B. i. p. 86 (1846); id. Cat Mamm. etc. Nepal, pres. Hodgs. p. 57
(1846) ; id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 69 (1848) ; Horsf. $ Moore,
Cat. B. Mus. F. I. Co. i. p. 86 (1854); Moore, P. Z. S. 1854,
p. 2631 Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 36 (1855); Moore, P. Z. S. 1857,
p. 87; Cab. § Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 139 (1860); Irby, Ibis,
1861, p. 228; Scl P. Z. S. 1863, p. 213; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Merops, p. 2 (1863) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 30,1866, p. 344; Beavan,
Ibis, 1867, p. 318; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 99, no. 1207 (1869); Wald.
Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 145 (1872) ; Hume, Nests § Eggs Ind. B. p. 101
(1873); Ball, Str. F. i. p. 57 (1873), ii. p. 386 (1874) ; Holdsw.
Ibis, 1874, p. 125; Ball, Str. F. iii. p. 289; Salvad. Ucc. Born.
p. 89 (1874); Blyth $ Wald. B. Burm. p. 72 (1875) ; Hume, t. c.
p. 326; Butler, t. c. p. 456; JFairb. Str. F. iv. p. 254 (1876);
Hume, t. c. p. 326 ; Butler, t. c. p. 456 ; Hume, Str. F. v. p. 18
(1877); Fairb. t. c. p. 394: Ball, t. c. p. 413; David 8? Oust. Ois.
Chine, p. 72 (1877) ; Ttoeedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 540, 690, 1878,
pp. 107,282, 340,709; Hume $ Davis, Str. F. vi. pp. 67,498; Ball,
Str. F. vii. p. 203 (1877); Cripps, t. e. p. 258 ; Legge, B. Ceylon,
p. 306 (1879); Hume, Str. F. viii. pp. 48, 85 (1879); Bingham,
t c. p. 192; Doig, t. c. p. 370; Tiraut, Bull. Comm. Soc. Agric.
Cochin-Chine, p. 78 (1879) ; Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 57; Sharpe, t. c.
p. 248; Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 49 (1880); Bingham, t. c. p. 152;
Doig, t. c. p. 278; Nichols. Ibis, 1881, p. 143 ; Kelham, Ibis, 1881,
p. 378; Reid, Str. F. x. p. 21 (1881); Davidson, t. c. p. 295 (1882);
Davison, t. c. p. 350 (1883); Oates, Handb. B. Br. Burm. ii. p. 66
(1883); Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 55, pi. 15 (1884); Vorderm.
Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl Ind. xliv. p. 191 (1885); Salvad. Ann. Mus.
MEKOPID^J,
Civic, Genov. (2) iv. p. 583 (1887) • Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 42 (1888) ;
Steere, List B. §• Mamm. Fhilipp. p. 9 (1890); Oates, ed. Hume's
Nests # JEggs Ind. B. iii. p. 03 (1890).
Le Guepier vert a queue d'azur, Mont. Hist Nat. Oia. vi. p. 504
(1779).
Philippine Bee-eater, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p; 974 (1782).
Le Guepier a queue d'azur ou Le Guepier Daudin, Levaill. Hist. Nat.
Guepiers, p. 49, pi. 14 (1807).
Merops javanicus, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 171 (1820); Fytonf
P. Z. S. 1839, p. 101; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 8(5 (1846): Bp. Consp.
i. p. 162(1850); Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 66, Taf. 444. figs,
3227-28 (1852); Motley, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 213.
Merops philippensis, Steph. in Shaic's Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. 2, p. 75
(1826) ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 207 (1862) ; Sidnh. Ibis, 1865, p. 230;
Beavan, t. c. p. 407; Hancock, Gat. B. Northumb. p. 28 (1874) ;
Anderson, Rep, Zool. Exped. Yun-nan, p. 511 (1878).
Merops daudini, Cuvier, Regne Anim. i. p. 422 (1829); Gray, Hand-L
B. i. p. 99, no, 1208 (1879); Sioinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 349; Hume,
Str. F. ii. pp. 162, 469 (1874), iii. p. 49 (1875).
Merops typicus, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus. Passeres, pi. 23.
figs. 1, 2 (no. 746); id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844).
Blepharomerops javanieus, Reichenb. Handb.j Merop. p. 82 (1852).
Blepharomerops philippinus, Reichenb. t. c. p. 82 (1852).
Blepharomerops savignii {nee Audouin), Reichmb. t. c. p. 82 (1852).
Merops philippinus, var. celebensis, Blasius, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. ii.
p. 239 (1885).
Adult male. Similar to M. cegyptius, hut without any white on
the forehead or eyebrow, the latter replaced by a narrow line of
blue, and the cheeks having a broad streak of cobalt-blue; lower
back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail blue, instead of golden olive
or green : u bill black; feet blackish, the hinder part of the tarsus
paler; iris scarlet" ( W. V. Legge). Total length 11*3 inches, culmen
1*8, wing 5*3, tail 3-5, centre feathers 5, tarsus 0*45.
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 11#5 inches,
culmen 1-7, wing 5*15, tail 3*i5 tarsus 0*4.
Young. Much duller in colour generally, with the blue tail and
rump of the adult, but without the blue eyebrow, this being replaced
by a little lighter green shade than on the crown ; cheeks pale green ;
throat pale brownish.
Hab. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, extending through the Burmese
countries to Siam and Cochin- China, and even visiting Southern
China in summer. It extends south through the Malayan Peninsula
and Java, Sumatra, the Philippines, and Borneo, and even to Celebes
and Timor. ? New Britain*.
a, b. (S $ &&' s^« Colombo,Ceylon, June (Hart). Hume Coll.
c, d. $ ad sk. Galle, Ceylon, Oct., Nov. Colonel Legge [P.].
e-n. d J ad. sk. Ceylon, Dec, Jan., March (& Tweeddale Coll.
Chapman $* H. Nevill).
* Br. Meyer has recently described a young Bee-eater from New Britain as
M. salvadorii (Ibis, 1891, p. 293). By his kindness I was allowed to examine
the type of this new species in the Dresden Museum, and I could not see why it
should be separated from M. pMippinm. The adult bird, when discovered,
may confirm Dr. Meyer*s opinion.
3 . MEKOPS.
of p. Imm. sk.
q* Ad. sk.
r. $ ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
t Ad. sk.
u. $ ad. sk.
v, w. Ad. sk.
a*. Ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk.
x, «'. Ad. sk.
U. Ad.; c1, d\ d
irani. sk.
e\ <$ ad. sk.
/", (/'. Ad. sk.
V. Ad. sk.
i't h\ <$ § sk.
I', d ad. sk.
wi\ Ad. sk.
re', o', /;>'. Ad. sk.
?'. Ad. sk.
r'. Ad. sk.
5'. Imm. sk.
t', u\ Imm. sk.
v'} w'. S ad.; x1.
tf imm. sk.
y'. Ad. sk.
2', &". Ad.; b"~
/" . Imm. sk.
gn. Imm. sk.
V'. Ad. sk.
i'\ &". c? ad. sk.
Z". c? ad. sk.
m". 2 ad,; n".
5 imm. sk.
0". S ad. sk.
jo", c? ad. sk.
q". tf ad. sk.
r". J ad. sk.
a". J ad. j Z",w",
v". $ ad. sk.
w". 5 ad. sk.
x", y". ? ad. sk.
z", a", b\ Ad. sk.
cK 2 ad. sk«
d3. cJ ad. sk.
«*, f\ 6 ad. sk.
#3. Imm. sk.
Anjango, Travancore, Dec. (F.
Bourdillon).
Malabar.
Calicut, April (It. G. W. JR.).
Coorg.
Madras (Jerdon).
Dkamapur, S. Konkan, Feb.
(G. Vidal),
Haipur, March.
Kamptee.
Kliandeish,
Hills north of Kliandeish, May.
Mount Aboo, July (E. A.
Butler $* G. King).
Moorpoor, Kangra Valley. May
[A. 0. H.).
Dehra Dhoon, May.
Naini Tal.
Etawah, Aug. (A. 0. II.).
Allahabad, March.
Mogul Serai, Oudh, Dec. (W. B.
Brooks).
Gondah, Oudh.
Behar.
Nepal.
Calcutta, August.
Dacca.
Tippera, March.
Sadhya, Assam, April.
Dibrughur, June to September
(«7. It. Cripps).
Oachar.
Mandalay, Sept.
Tonghoo, May, Oct. (It. G.
W.B.).
Thayetmyo, Sept. (K W. Oates).
Lower Pegu, March, June.
Akyab, March (J. Armstrong).
Elephant Point, Dec. (J. A.).
Thatone, Dec. ( W. Davison).
Amherst, Jan.
Attaran Kiver, Dec. ( W. Davi
son).
Malewoon, Feb. (W. Davison).
Nahconehaisee, Siam, Dec. (L.
C. Layard).
Saigon, Cochin China, Aug.,
Oct.
Aberdeen, S. Andamans, Nov.
Camorta, Nicobars, Dec. (M. J.
Wimberley).
Camorta, Dec. March ( W. Davison
8f R. J. W.).
Province Wellesley, December.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Dr.R.B.PIinderP.]*
Tweeddale CoU.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Pinwill Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
Hodgson Coll. (Type
of M. typicus.)
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Dr. J. Anderson [C.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coil.
M. E. Pierre [P.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Dr. A. McKinlay.
74 MEEOPIDiE.
h\ Ad. sk. Province Wellesley (P. Sto~ Hume Coll.
liczha).
i35 3
~n. <$ ad.; o-Klang, Salangore, Dec. to March Hume Coll.
s3. J ad. sk. & Aug. (W. Davison).
£3 3
. c? ad.; w3, u. Dingding River, Feb. (W. Hume Coll.
J ad. sk. Davison).
wz. Ad. ; oft. Malacca (Dr. Cantor). India Museum.
Imm. sk.
£/3. Imm. sk. Malacca (22. G. W. 22.). Tweeddale Coll.
z3, < b\ Ad. sk. Malacca, July, Aug. (W. D.). Hume Coll.
c'1, <#4. cJ imm. sk. Pulo Seban, Oct. (W. D.). Hume Col].
e4. J ad. sk. Kuroo, Oct. (W. D.). Hume Coll.
fK 5 imm. sk. Nealys, Oct. ( W. D.). Hume Coll.
#4, A*. J ad.; il. Jafiaria, Joliore, March (W. D.). Hume Coll.
2 ad. sk
&44
~p. Ad. et Singapore Island, Dec, Feb. Hume Coll.
imm. sk. (W. B.).
#4 4
, r. Ad. sk. Sumatra {A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
s4. Ad. sk Java. Jardine Coll.
£4, w4. Ad. sk. Java. India Museum.
(Types of M. jamnicus.)
v^w\<S 2ad.sk Java (JDiard). Salvin-Godman Coll.
.r4. Ad. sk. Java. Gould Coll.
yl. c? ad. sk. Luzon, Feb. (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll.
s4. S ad. sk. San Mateo, Feb.(A. II Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
«5. 2 ad. sk Monte Alban, Feb. (A. H. Tweeddale Coll.
Everett).
b5. Ad. sk. Negros. Gurney Coll.
c5. Ad. sk Negros. Professor Steere.
d5. <? ad.; e\ 2 Valencia, Aug. (A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
jr. sk
f°.S ad. sk Basol Island, July (A. H. Tweeddale Coll.
Everett).
/ , A5, d* $ ad. Zamboauga. Voy. H.M.S. < Chalsk.
lenger.'
i5. <$ ad. sk. Zebu. Voy. H.M.S. * Challenger.'
7c5. S ad. sk. Bohol, Oct. (A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
Z5
. Ad. sk. Flores. Wallace Cull.
m5. <£ ad. sk. E. Timor. Wallace Coll.
n5, o5. Ad. sk. Celebes, Tweeddale Coll.
J?5. Skeleton. Purchased.
8. Merops ornatus.
Variegated Bee-eater, Zath.Gen. Syn. Supjpl. ii. p. 155, pi. 128 (1801).
Merops ornatus, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. xxxv (1801); Dumont,
Diet. Sc. Nat. xx. p. 53 (1821); Gould, B. Austr. ii. pi. 16 (1840) ;
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mm. p. 70
(1848); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 51 (1849) ; Reichenb.
Voy. Neuholl p. 89 (1850); Bp. Consp. i. p. 162 (1850); Reichenb.
Handb., Merop. p. 68 (1852) ; Macqill Voy. Rattlesnake, ii. p. 356
(1852) ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 155; id. Cat. B. New Guinea,
p. 55 (1859) 5 Wall. Bis, 1860, p. 147 ; id. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 338 ;
Schley. Mus. Pays-Bas, Merops, p. 4 (1863) ; Gould, Handb. B.
Austr. i. p. 117 (1865); Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 16 (1865); Ramsay,
Ibis, 1866, p. 366,1875, p. 582 ; Gray, IIand4. B. i. p. 100, no. 1218
(1869); Briiygem. Abhandl not. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 49 (1876) ;
3. MEKOPS.
75
Scl P. Z. S. 1877, p. 105; Masters, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales,
i. p. 47 (1877); Castebi. $ Ramsay, t. c. p. 379; Ramsay, t c.
p. 589; Salvad. AttiR. Accad. Torino, xiii. p. 312 (1878); Ramsay,
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 179 (1878) ; Forbes, P. Z. S. 1878,
p. 121; Ttoeedd. Trans. Z. 8. viii. p. 42 (1878); Ramsay, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 263 (1879); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc,
Zool. xiv. p. 686 (1879) ; Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 57; Layard, Ibis,
1880, p. 300 j Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, etc. i. p. 401 (1880); Forbes,
Rep. Zool Voy. H.M.8. l Challenger; ii. p. 85 (1880) ; Meyer,
Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxxi. pp. 763, 769 (1881) ; Sharpe, Journ.
Linn. Soc, Zool xvi. p. 429 (1882); Finsch, Voy. der Sudsee,
pp. 10, 25 (1884) ; Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 51, pi. xiv. (1884) ;
GuiUem. P, Z. S. 1885, p. 586; Ramsay, Tab. List Austr. B. p. 3
(1888); Salvad. Aggiunt. Orn. Paptiasia, p. 52 (1889).
Guepier Thouin ou a longs brins, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Guepiers,
p. 26, pi. 4 (1807).
Philemon ornatus, Vieill. N. Diet d'Hist. Nat. xxvii. p. 423 (1817).
Merops thouinii sen tenuipennis, Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat xx. p. 52
(1821). *
Mountain Bee-eater, Lewin, Nat. Hist. Birds N. 8. Wales, jiL. 2 (1822).
Merops melanurus, Vig. # Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 208
(1826).
Merops thouinii, Mull. Verh. Land-en Volhenh. p. 138 (1839-44).
Melittophagus ornatus, Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 82 (1852).
Merops (Urica) ornatus, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 8 (1854).
Cosmaerops ornatus, Cab. $• Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 138 (1860).
Merops modestus, Oust. Bull. Assoc. France, p. 248 (1878) ; Salvad.
Atti R. Accad. Torino, xiii. p. 312 (1878).
Adult male. General colour above yellowish green; the lower
back and rump light cobalt-blue; upper tail-coverts dark blue,
with lighter blue edges ; wing-coverts like the back; greater coverts
rufous, with green edgings; primary-coverts dull green; quills
pale chestnut or fawn-colour, externally edged with green and
tipped with black, before which is a blue shade, the inner secondaries
blue, like the lower back; tail black, with a narrow edging
of green on the outer web; fore part of crown yellowish green,
gradually shading off into orange-rufous on the hinder crown and
nape; over the eye a narrow line of light green; lores and a broad
band through the eye embracing the ear-coverts black, succeeded
by a line of blue along the cheeks; throat and malar region
yellow, shading off into chestnut on the centre of the throat, succeeded
by a broad band of black across the lower throat; remainder
of under surface from the fore neck downwards yellowish green,
washed with emerald-green on the abdomen; under tail-coverts
blue ; under wing-coverts fawn-colour : " bill black ; legs and feet
mealy greenish grey; iris light brownish red" (J. Gould). Total
length 9*5 inches, culmen 1-5, wing 4*55, tail 3*15, centre feathers
4*85, tarsus 0-4.
Adult female. Similar to the male in plumage. Total length 9*3
inches, culmen 0*45, wing 4*55, tail 3*1, centre feathers 4*4,
tarsus 0*4.
Young. Much duller than the adults, and distinguished by the
absence of the black throat, the chin and upper throat ashy white
or yellow, the breast dull greenish.
76 MEK0P1DJE.
Hal, Australia and the Papuan Islands and Moluccas to Celebes,
Mores, and Lombock.
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sir.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. <$ ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
1. Ad. sk.
m; n. <$ $ ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk.
p9 q. Ad. sk.
r9 s. <$ 2 a&. s^*
«. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
VH8. Ad. et imm. sk. ,
of, b', J ad. sk.
c'. S ad. sk.
d'. J ad. sk.
e'. Ad. sk.
f, Imm. sk.
<?'. Imm. sk.
h', %'. d ad. ; 7c'. §
ad. sk.
1', m% ri. Ad.; o'.
Imm. sk.
/. $ ad. j q\ <$
imm. sk.
r', s', t\ Ad. et
imm. sk.
u'j vr. Ad. sk.
w'9 oc\ if. Ad. sk.
z\ a". Ad. sk.
b". d ad. sk.
c", d". Ad. et
imm. sk.
e"-*". e $ ad. sk.
k". Ad.sk.
Australia.
Australia ( Vigors fy Hors-
field).
Australia.
Murray River, South Aus
tralia.
South Australia.
South Australia.
South Australia.
Point Pearse.
New South Wales.
South Queensland.
Queensland.
Moreton Bay, Nov. (F.
Strange),
Cape Upstart.
Cape York (Cockerell).
Cape York.
Port Albany (Coxen).
Port Essington.
Victoria llh er, N. Australia.
Booby Island, Torres Stiaits.
Prince-of-Wales Island, A ug.
West Island, Oct.
Old Coll.
Linnnean Society
(T vpe of M, melanurus.)
Sir T. Mitchell [P.].
Sir G. Grey [P.].
Capt. Sturt [P.].
Sir G. Grey LP.].
Hume Coll.
Old Coll.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
F. Nicholson, Esq.
[P.].
Gould Coll.
J.B.Jukes,Esq.[P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Voy. H.M.S. < Chal
lenger.'
Tweeddale Coll.
Capt. Chambers [P.].
J.R.Elsev,Esq.[P.1.
Voy. H.M.S. ' Chal
lenger.'
Voy. H.M.S.' Alert.'
Voy. H.M.S 'Alert.'
New Britain. P. L. Sclater, Esq.
[P.].
Duke-of-York IsLaxL&(JBrown). Tweeddale Coll.
New Guinea. Wallace Coll.
Dorey. Wallace CoU.
Mysol. Wallace Coll.
Ternate, April, May (BernSalvin-
Godman Coll.
stein),
N. Ceram. Wallace Coll.
SulaIslands (A. JR. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
Men ado, Celebes (A. JR. Tweeddale Coll.
Wallace),
Menado. Hume Coll.
Celebes, Aug. (JRosenlerg). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Elores. Wallace Coll.
Lombock. Wallace Coll.
[Java.] Tweeddale Coll.
9. Merops albicollis.
Le Guepier a gorge blanche ou le Guepier Cuvier, Levaill Hist. Nat.
Guepiers, p. 37, pi. 9 (1807).
Merops albicollis, Vieill. N. Diet. cTHist. Nat. xiv. p. 15 (1817);
3 . MEROPS. 77
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit Mtis. p. 70
(1848)5 Bp. Comp. i. p. 101 (1850); Strickl. P. Z. S. 1850,
p. 216; Ilartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 39 (1857); Schl. Mus. Bays-Bas,
Merops, p. 5 (1863); Aniin. Cat descr. Ucc. p. 30 (1864); Gray,
Eand4. B. i. p. 99, no. 1209 (1869); Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 192 ;
Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 201 (1809), iv. p. lxv (1871); Blanf.
Geol 8f Zool Abyss, p. 321 (1870); Finsch, Trans. Z. S. vii. p. 224
(1870); id. 8f Ilartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 185 (1870); Shelley $ Buckley,
Ibis, 1872, p. 286; Antin. # Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 66 (1873) ;
Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 48; Beichen. J. f. 6. 1875, p. 18; Bocage,
Om. Angola, p. 88 (1871) ; Nichols. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 355; Pelz.
Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxxi. p. 143 (1881); Gurney, Ibis, 1881,
p. 124; Ilartl. Abhandl. nat Ver. Bremen, vii. p. Il l (1882);
Shelley, Ibi% 1883, p. 556; Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 47, pi. 13
(1884); Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. p. 360 (1884); Buttik.
Notes Leyden Mus. vii. p. 166 (1885), viii. p. 249 (1886), x. p. 71
(1888); Ilartert, J. f. 0. 1886, p. 593; Reichen. J. f. 0. 1887,
p. 306; Shelley, Ibis, 1890, p. 167; Sharpe, App. to Jameson's
* Bear-Column; p. 411 (1890).
Merops savignii (nee Audouin), Swains. Zool. Illustr. ii. pi. lxxvi.
(1821).
Merops cuvieri, Licht Verz. Doubl. p. 15 (1823).
Aerops albicollis, Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 82, Taf. 449.figs. 3246
47 (1852); Cab. <$• Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 137 (1863).
Adult male. General colour above pale apple-green, tinged with
blue on the lower back and scapulars ; the hind neck and sides of
neck rather more golden ; quills pale fawn-colon r, edged with yellowish
green, with blackish tips to the feathers, forming a broad
terminal band on the secondaries; the inner secondaries washed
with blue ; upper tail-coverts and tail pale blue, the two elongated
centre tail-feathers black towards their ends ; forehead and a broad
line over the eye white; crown of head black; lores, a streak
through the eye, and ear-coverts black; throat white, with a black
band across the lower throat, followed by an irregular line of pale
blue ; breast and abdomen whitish, washed with pale green; under
tail-coverts very pale blue; under wing-coverts pale creamy buff:
" bill black; feet reddish dusky; iris scarlet" (Eeuglin). Total
length 11 inches, culmen 1*35, wing 4*0, tail 3*1, centre feathers
6-4, tarsus 0*4.
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 10*4 inches,
culmen 1*3, wing 4.
Eab. West Africa from Senegambia to Gaboon. 1ST.E. Africa
south to the Zambesi district.
a. <5 ad. sk. Senegal (D'Finville). Riocour Coll.
b. Ad. sk. River Gambia. Sharpe Coll.
c. d. Ad. sk. Fantee (E. T. Ussher). Sharpe Coll.
e-i. Ad. et juv. sk. Accra (T. F. Buckley). Shelley Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Abouri, Aguapim (T. F. Shelley Coll.
Buckley).
1. Ad. sk. River Volta (E. T. Ussher). Shelley Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Abeokuta. F. Nicholson, Esq.
[P.].
72. Ad. sk. Old Calabar (Mrs. Eyslop). Jardine Coll.
o, p. S ? ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r, ^. Ad. sk.
t, u. <$ ? ad. sk.
«, «o, #. d ; y-?
ad. sk.
z. J juv. sk.
«'-&'. Ad. sk.
c'. <$ ad. sk.
d'. Ad. sk.
e'. Ad. sk.
/, g', h\ Ad. sk.
i'. Ad. sk.
k', I'. Ad. sk.
mr. S ad. sk.
n'. Ad. sk.
MEROPIDJ;.
Shonga, R. Niger ( W. A.
F).
Gaboon (Walker).
Gaboon (DuChaillu).
Koomayli, Abyssinia, June 5
(W. T. Blanford § W.
Jesse).
Eairo, Bogos Land, Aug. (W.
T. Blanford Sf W. Jesse).
Ain, Bogos Land, Aug. ( TV.
J).
Ailat, Bogos (Esler).
Nile, below Khartum, Oct.
Kordofan (Petherick).
Om-Badr, Darfur.
Mombasa (Wakefield).
Mombasa.
Dar-es-Salaam (Sir J. Kirk).
Wami River, Feb.
Mtoni, March (F. Bolmdorff).
Forbes Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Tweeddale OoU.
Abyssinian Exped.
Abyssinian Exped.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
SbeUey Coll.
Dr. Marie \G.\
Jardine Coll.
R. Solymos, Esq.
Sliarpe Coll.
Rev.A.F.Buxton[P.].
Slielley CoU.
Shelley CoU.
Emin Pasha [P.].
10. Merops viridis.
The Bengali Bee-eater, Albin, N. H. Birds, iii. p. 29, pi. 30 (1740).
The Indian Bee-eater, Edwards, N. H. Birds, iv. p. 183, pi. 183
(1751).
Le Guespier a collier de Bengale, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 552 (1760).
Le Guespier a collier de Madagascar, Briss. t. c. p. 549, pi. 42. fig. 2
(1760); Daubent PI. Enl vi. pi. 740.
Merops viridis, Linn. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 182 (1766); Gm. Si/st Nat. i.
p. 460 (1788); Vieill. N. Diet d Hist. Nat. xiv. pp. 14,' 26 (1817);
FranU. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 115 ; Sylzes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 82; StricJcl.
P. Z. S. 1842, p. 92; Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres,
pi. 22. ^g. 4 (no. 875); id. in Grafs Zool. Mise. p. 82 (1844);
jRujpp. Sijst. TJebers. p. 24 (1845) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86 (1846);
id. Cat. Mamm. etc. Nepal pres. Hodgs. p. 58 (1846); id. List
Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 69 (1848) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 53
(1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 162 (1850) ; Kelaart, Prodr. Cat p. 119
(1852); Horsf. # Moore, Cat B. Mm. E.L Co. i. 84 (1854); Gould,
B. Asia, i. pi'. 35 (1855); Heugl. Syst Uebers. p. 19 (1856); Moore,
P. Z. S. 1857, p. 87 ; Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 475, 1859, p. 174 ;
Gould, t c. pp. 150, 151; Taylor, Ibis, 1859, p. 47; Irhy, Ibis,
1861, p. 228; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 205 (1862); Tristr. Ibis, 1862,
p. 278 ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Merops, p. 6 (1863); Adams, Ibis,
1864, p. 15; Swirilioe, t. c. p. 417; Filippi, Viaqg. Persia, p. 346
(1865); Beavan, Ibis, 1865, p. 407; Tristr. Ibis, 1866, p. 84;
Walden, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 538; Blyth. t c. p. 343 ; Taylor, Ibis,
1867, p. 55; Pelz. Ibis, 1868, p. 307; Beavan, Ibis, 1869, p. 407;
Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 99, no. 1210 (1869); Blanf. Ibis, 1870,
p. 465; id. Geol. $ Zool. Abyss, p. 320 (1870); id. J. A. S. Beng,
xl. p. 271 (1871); Stoliczha, op.cit. xlii. p. 232 (1872); Holdsw.
P. Z. S. 1872, p. 422 ; Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 171 (1872); Jerd. Ibis,
1872, p. 2 ; Hayes Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 406 ; Hume, Nests fy Eggs
Ind. B. p. 99 (1873); id. Str. F. i. p. 167 (1873); Adams, t c.
p. 371; Ball, Str. F. ii. p. 386 (1874); Hume, t c. p. 469; id. Str.
F. iii. p. 49 (1875); Blyth $ Wald. B. Burm. p. 73 (1875); Butler,
3 . MEEOPS.
Str. F. iii. p. 455; Fairb. Str. F. iv. p. 254 (1876); Armstr. I c.
p. 304; Hume, t c. p. 415; Dresser, B. Eur. v. p. 171, pi. 297(1876);
Blanf. Fast. Pers. ii. p. 124 (1876); Godw.-Aust J A. S. Beng. xlv.
p. 69 (1876); Hume, Str. F. v. p. 186 (1877); Fairb. t. a. p. 394;
Anderson, Hep. Zool. Tan-nan, p. 582 (1878); Hume $• Davison,
Str. F. vi. pp. 67, 498 (1878); Hume, Str. F. vii. p. 35 (1878) ;
Davidson $* Wenden, t. c. p. 77; Ball, t c. p. 203; Cripps, t c.
p. 258; Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 309 (1879); Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 85
(1879); Scully, t. c. p. 237; Doty, t. c. p. 370; Butler, Cat B.
Sind etc. p. 15 (1879); Tiraut, Bull Soc. Comm. Agric. Cochin-
Chine, (3) i. p. 97 (1879); Tidal, Str. F. ix. p. 48 (1880); Bingham,
t. c. p. 152 ; Butler, Cat. B. S. Bomb. Pres. p. 17 (1880); *Reid,
Str. F. x. p. 20 (1861) ; Oates, t. c. p. 186; Davidson, t c. p. 295;
C. Sivmh. Iks, 1882, p. 101; Oates, Handb. B. Brit Burm. ii.
p. 65 (1883); Parker, Ibis, 1883, p. 197 ; Davison, Str. F. x. p. 350
(1883); Tristr. Faun. 8f Flor. Palest, p. 89 (1884); Dresser,
Monogr. Merop. p. 31, pis. 8, 9 (1884); Murray, Tertebr. Faun.
Sind, p. 107 (1884); Sioinh. § Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 60 ; Taylor,
Str. F. x. p. 456 (1887); Terry, t.c. p. 470; Hume, Str. F. xi.
p. 42 (1888) ; St. John, Ibis, 1889, p. 157; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests
§• Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 60 (1890).
Le Guepier vert a gorge bleu, Month. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 497
(1779).
Le Guepier jaune de la cote de Coromandel, Sown. Voy. Ind. Orient.
ii. p. 213 (1782).
Indian Bee-eater, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 670 (1782).
Coromandel Bee-eater, Lath. t. c, Suppl i. p. 120 (1787).
Merops eoromandus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 272 (1790).
Le Guepier a gorge bleu, or Le Guepier Lamarck, Levaill. Hist. Nat.
Guepiers, p. 39, pi. 10 (1807).
Le Guepier citron, Levaill. t. c. p. 42? pi. 11 (1807).
Merops lamarckK Cao. Regne Anim. i. p. 442 (1829) ; Strickl. P. Z. S.
1850, n. 216*ScL Contr. Orn. 1882, p. 124.
Merops viridissimus, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 82 (1837); Bp. Consp.
i. p. 162 (1850); Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 40 (1857); id. Faune
Madag. p. 32 (1861); id. J. f. 0.1861, p. 107 ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bos,
Merops, p. 6 (1863); Antm. Cat. descr. TJcc. p. 30 (1864) ; Gray,
Handr-l B. i. p. 99, no. 1210 (1869); Heugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. i.
p. 202 (1869); Finsch, Trans. Z. S. vii. p. 224 (1870); Shelley,
Ibis, 1871, p. 48; Antin. §• Salvad. Tiagq. Bogos, p. 60 (1873);
Pete. Sitz. J8.-6. Ges. Wien, xxxii. p. 501 (1882).
Merops indicus, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 227 (1840).
Merops ferrugeiceps, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres,^!. 21.
ftg. (no. 560) ; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844).
Merops torquatus, Hodgs. Icon. ined.,Passeres, pi. 22. fig. 2 (no. 665);
id. in Gray's Zool Misc. p. 82 (1844).
Merops luteus, JReichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 75, Taf. 448. fig. 3433
(1852).
Phlothrus viridissimus, Reichenb. t. c. p. 82; Cab. fy Heine, Mus.
JKrc.Th.ii.p. 137 (1860).
Phlothrus viridis, Reichenb. t. c, p. 82 (1852); Cab. fy Heine, t. c.
p. 136 (1863).
Phlothrus luteus, Reiehenb. t. o. p. 82.
Merops viridis, var. ferrugeiceps, Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 162.
Adult male. Grass-green above, the feathers reddish buff at
their bases, producing a rufescent shade on the hind neck; wing
80
MEBOPIDJE.
coverts and inner secondaries also green, the latter, as well as the
upper tail-coverts, slightly washed with blue; all the rest of the
quills fawn-buff, tipped with black and margined with green ; tail-
feathers green, the elongated portion of the centre ones dusky-
blackish, all the rest inclining to fawn-buff on the inner web; head
like the back, slightly washed with emerald-green, and showing a
narrow eyebrow of
the latter colour; lores and a broad band
through the eye and along the ear-coverts black ; sides of face and
cheeks yellowish green, washed with blue below the black ear-stripe
and at the base of the cheeks; under surface of body yellowish
green, washed with emerald-green on the breast and abdomen; on
the fore neck a transverse band of black, washed with blue; on
each side of the vent a patch of silky-white feathers ; under wing-
coverts and quill-lining fawn-buff: " bill black,
becoming brown
at the gape; eyelids smoky brown; feet pinkish grey; claws horn
colour ; iris bright red" (E. W. Oates). Total length 9*4 inches,
culmen 1, wing 3-6, tail 2*7, longest tail-feathers 4*8, tarsus 0*4.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour, but with the blue
on the sides of the
face a little less pronounced. Total length
10 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 3*75, tail 2*7, centre-feathers 5-8,
tarsus 0*35.
This species appears to be subject to considerable variations, none
of which, however, are of specific importance. The specimens from
the Eastern Himalayas and from the Burmese countries are con
stantly more tawny on the head and back than
those from more
western countries, and scarcely any sign of this tawny colour is seen
in African examples. The blue on the throat is most pronounced
in specimens from N.W. India; but I believe that a good deal of
this colour is due to the season of the year, as it is always more
pronounced in the breeding-season.
Hab. Egypt and North-eastern Africa, extending to Senegambia,
and eastwards through Persia and Baluchistan over the whole of the
Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, eastwards through the Burmese
countries to Cochin China.
a, b. Ad. sk. Egypt. Sir S. Baker [P.].
o~f. 6 ad. j g. $ Egypt; Feb., March ((?.E. &). Shelley Coll
ad. sk.
h, i Ad. sk. Tani, Soudan. Capt. Willoughby
verner [P.].
h. Ad. sk. Nubia. Sharpe Coll.
I <$ ad. sk. Atfeh, Annesley Bay, Feb. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
m, n, <$ juv.; o. 2 Zoulla, Abyssinia, June (W. Sharpe Coll.
juv. sk. Jesse),
p.
J juv. sk. Kelamet, Lebka R, Bogos W. T. Blanford, Esq.
Land, July. [C.].
q. $ ad. sk. Khisfc, N.E. of Bushire. Sir 0. St. John [C.].
r.
S ad. sk. Bampur, Baluchistan, April. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[C.].
s.
2 ad. sk. Gwadar, April. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[C.].
3 . MEKOPS.
t. <$ ad. sk.
u, v. <$ ad. sk.
w, x. 5 ad. sk.
y, &. Ad. sk.
«', V. 6 ? ad. sk.
c\ <£ ad. sk.
d',e'. tf ad. ;/,#',
#. $ ad. sk.
ev, 7s'. cJ ad. sk.
Z'-w'. c? S ad. sk.
#\ 5 ad. sk.
y\ Ad. sk.
«'. Ad. sk.
a". Ad. sk.
b". § juv. sk.
c". 5 ad. sk.
d". ? ad. sk.
e". Ad. sk.
f',g". Ad.sk.
A". Ad, sk,
i". Ad. sk.
&", Z", m". Ad.; n",
o". $ ad. sk.
^", §-". Ad. sk.
r". $ ad. sk.
*", £". d $ ad. sk.
u", v", to". Ad. sk.
x"f y". Ad. sk.
s". Ad. sk.
«3. Ad. sk.
53. Ad. sk.
e3, <Z3, e3. Ad. sk.
f\g\ tfad.; A3.
2 ad. sk.
i3. $ ad. sk.
h\ l\ Ad. sk.
m3. <$ ad. sk.
w3, o3. <$ ad.; j?3.
J ad. sk.
qz. 8 ad. sk.
r3. Ad. sk.
s3-y3. Ad. sk.
to\ 2 ad. sk.
#3, y3. Ad. sk.
z3, a4, d ad. sk.
b\ Ad. sk.
**, £l. 8 $ ad. sk.
TOL. XYII.
Jacobabad, Sindh, Dec. (A.
0. H.).
Sukkur, Dec. (A. 0. 21.).
Larkhana, Dec, Jan. {A.
0. &.).
Kutcli {F. Stoliozka).
Peesa, Jan. {E. A. Butler),
Jodhpur, Oct.
Sambhur, Dec, Jan., April,
June {B. M, Adam).
Ajrnere, Jan. {E. ^4. Butler),
Gurgaon Distr., Feb. to May
{W.N. Chill).
Murdan.
Dera-Ghazi-Khan.
Mooltan.
Lahore {C. H. T. Marshall).
Murri (J. Biddulph).
Hazaree-bagh {J. Biddulph).
Eawal Pindi (J. Biddulph),
Cashmere.
Masuri.
Dehra Dhoon.
Kurnaon {Strachey).
Etawah Distr., March.
Jhansie, Sept.
Saugor, Sept.
Futtehgurb Distr., March
{A. Anderson).
Tirhoot, April.
Nepal.
Nepal {B. H. Hodgson).
Sikhim.
Darjeeling.
Bhutan Doars, Jan., Feb.
(L. Mandelli).
Goalundo, Dec.
N.Khasia Hills, Feb. (A. W.
Chennell).
Cachai*, Jan.
Sylhet, Jan. {A. 0. H.).
Calcutta, Dec, Jan.
Maunbboom, Feb. {B. C.
Beavan).
Bebar.
Kamptee.
Mhow, Oct.
Khandeisb.
Nandurbar, Khandeish, Dec.
(J*. Davidson).
Matterhan, Nov.
Bombay, Jan. {J. Armstrong),
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hume ColL
Gould ColL
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
E. M. Langworthy,
Eaq.IT.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.
Hume ColL
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hodgson ColL
India Museum.
Hume ColL
Hodgson Coll „
Hume Coii,
Hume Coil.
Tweeddale ColL
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hume ColL
Tweeddale ColL
Hodgson Coll.
Dr.R.B.Hinde[P.l.
Colonel Swinhoe [P.J..
India Museum.
Hume ColL
Hume ColL
Hume ColL
MEROPIJDJS.
e4-A4. tf ad.; i\k\
$ ad. sk.
P, m'K J ad. et jnv.
sk.
n^oK Ad.etjuv.sk.
p4'. Juv. sk.
ql. Juv. sk.
r4. $ ad. sk.
$4, t\ Ad.etjuv.sk.
w4, ^4. Ad. sk.
w . $ ad. sk.
x%, if. Ad. sk.
s4, «5. Ad. sk.
65. <$ ad. sk.
c5, <25. S ad.; e5,
$ ad. sk.
f. 8 ad. sk.
g5. $ ad. sk.
h5
, i\ Ad. sk.
* \
$ ad.; I5. $
var. sk.
m5, n5. S ad.; <?5.
$ ad. sk.
p5, q\ Ad. sk.
r5, s5. Ad. sk.
£5. Ad. sk.
u\ v5, w\ S ad. ;
.T5,y5. $ ad.sk.
*5, ae, J6. <? ad. j e6,
<26. $ ad. sk.
*6,/6,/. c? ad.sk.
A6, i\ <$ $ ad. sk.
k6, $
&
ad. sk.
/6, m. <$ $ ad. sk.
n6. $ ad. sk.
o6-r6. c? ad.; s6. $
ad. sk.
f-a<76. Ad. sk.
Ahniec^^gur, Sept. to Jan.
(S, J Aril-bank).
Khandala, May (8. B. Fair-
bank).
Deccan (Si/Jces).
Madras.
Mysore (J2. G. W. JR.).
Seegore, Nilghiris, April
( W. Davison).
Malabar.
Anjango, Travancore, June.
Tievandrum, June.
Ceylon.
Ceylon, March, June.
Putlam, Ceylon, July.
Elephant Point, Burma,
Dec. (J. Armstrong).
Syriam,Jan. (J. Armstrong).
Aiyab, March (J. Arm
strong).
Pegu, March, Dec. (E. W.
O.).
Lower Pegu, July, Oct.
Rangoon, June, Nov. (It. G.
W. It.).
Mandalay and Shienpagah,
Sept. Jan.
Karen Hills, Nov. (It. G.
W. JR.).
Tonghoo, Oct. (JS. W. Oates).
Pahpoon, Dec, Jan. (W.
Davison).
Kaukaryit, Nov. (J. Barling).
Thatone, Nov., Dec. (W.
Davison).
Amherst, Jan., March.
Dargwin, Jan. (W.Davison).
Moulniein, Nov. (W. Davi
son).
Moulmein, July (JR. O.
Beavan).
Mergui, Nov., Dec. (W.
Davison).
Cochin China.
11. Merops muscatensis.
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.
Rev.H H.Baber[P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
*"ume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Colonel Legge [P.]
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hume ColL
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Dr. J. Anderson [C.].
Tweeddale ColL
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
Hume ColL
M. E. Pierre [P.].
Merops muscatensis, 8harpe,ttis, I860, pp. 15,65 ; Dresser, Monogr.
Merop. p. 40 a, pi. 10 (1886).
Adult (type of species). Similar to II. virulis, which it approaches
in the colour of the upper and under surface, but differs from it in
the deep blue of the cheeks and throat, and in the narrow blue
3 . MEROPS.
forehead and eyebrow. Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 1*0, wing
3-75, tail 3-7, tarsus 0-35.
Hab. Neighbourhood of Muscat, Arabia.
a. Ad. sk.
b, c. Ad. sk.
Muscat.
Muscat.
Colonel Miles [P.].
of the species.)
Dr. Jayakar [P.].
(Type
12. Merops cyanophrys.
Phlothrus cyanophrys, Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein* Th. ii. p. 137
(I860).
Merops cyanophrys, Hettgl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 203, pi. vi. (1869) ;
Gray, Hand-l £. i. p. 100, no. 1212 (1869): Hartl. P. Z. &
1881, p. 957 ; Yerbunj, Ibis, 1886, p. 15.
Adult. Similar to M. viridis, but more bluish green both above
and below, and distinguished by its deep cobalt-blue throat and
cheeks, the entire forehead and a broad eyebrow being of the same
deep blue colour. Total length 7*9 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 3#65,
tail 2*9, centre tail-feathers 3*6, tarsus 0*35.
Hah. Southern Arabia. The locality " Sennaar " attributed to this
species in the Paris Museum, and admitted by Mr. Dresser, will
doubtless prove to have been given in error.
a. Ad. sk. Sheik Othman, Aden. Colonel Yerbury [P.T.
b. Ad. sk. Aden. C. Chevallier, Esq. [P.].
13. Merops boehmi.
Merops (Melittophagus) boehmi, Reichen. J.f O. 1882, p. 233, pi. ii.
fig. 3.
Merops dresseri, Shelley, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 303, pi. xvi
Melittophagus boehmi, Reichen. J.f 0.1884, p. 236.
Airops boehmi, Reichen. t. c. p. 236.
Merops boehmi, Dresser, Monogr, Merop. p. 45, pi. xii. (1884)
Matschie, J.f 0.1887, p. 140.
Adult (type of M. dresceri). General colour above bright grass-
green, including the scapulars and wing-coverts; the lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts slightly washed with, blue; quills
green, internally pale fawn-colour, and tipped with blackish, the
inner secondaries entirely green; tail-feathers green, with black
shafts and- with black tips, the latter slightly shaded with blue ;
crown of head cinnamon-rufous or light bay; a line at the base of
the forehead, lores, and a band through the eye to the ear-coverts
black; cheeks and throat fawn-colour, the former separated from
the ear-coverts by a line of blue; remainder of under surface from
the fore neck downwards green, slightly bluish on the under tail-
coverts ; on each side of the vent a tuft of ashy feathers; under
wing-coverts fawn-colour, as well as the lining of the quills. Total
length 9-5 inches, culmen 1-2, wing 3*2, tail 2*8, centre tail-feathera
5*3, tarsus 0*35.
Hab. Eastern Africa.
a. Ad. sk Kovuma River, E. Africa Shelley Coll.
(J. Thompson). (Type of M. dresseri)
G2
MEEOPIPJS.
14. Merops natalensis.
Merops
nubicoides (!), Des Murs et JPucher. Bev. Zool. 1846, p. 243;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 161 (1850); Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 324; Gray,
Hand4. B. i. p. 100, no. 1214 (1869) ; Gurney in Anderss. B.
Dam.-Ld. p. 62 (1872); Ayres, Ibis, 1874, p. 102; Sharpe, ed.
Bayard's B. S. Afr. pp. 99, 804, pi. 4. tig. 2 (1876); Socage, Orn.
Ariqola, p. 537 (1881); Sharpe in Gates' Matabele-Land, App,
p. 301 (1881) : Shelley, Ibis, 1881, p. 242 ; Ayres, Ibis, 1884,
p. 223, 1885, p.' 343; Dresser, Mongr. Merop. p. 93, pi. 21 (1884) j
Reichen. J.f. 0. 1887, p. 308.
Merops natalensis, JReichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 78, Taf. 451. figs.
3252-53 (1852) ; Cab. $ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 142 (I860);
ScM. Mus. Pays-Bas, Merops, p. 7 (1863) ; Finsch $ Earth Vdg.
Ostafr. p. 184 (1870).
Melittotheres natalensis, Reichen.. Handb.,, Merop. p. 82 (1852).
Melittotheres nubicoides, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 8 (1854).
Merops nubicus (nee Gm.), Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 09 (1867) ; Bocage,
Orn. Angola, p. 90 (1877).
Adult. General colour above pinkish vermilion ; the lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts light cobalt-blue, deeper on the latter ;
wings darker crimson than the back, with a blackish band at the
ends of all but the inner secondaries, which are greenish at the
ends; tail-feathers dark crimson, with a blackish band at the end,
the long centre ones black for the terminal third : crown of head
green, a little brighter on the eyebrow; lores, feathers below the
eye, and ear-coverts black; cheeks and under surface of body
beautiful rosy pink, paler on the breast; the lower abdomen pale
blue, as also the under tail-coverts, the longer ones being greenish;
on each side of the vent a tuft of silky white feathers; under wing-
coverts and quill-lining bay or light chestnut: " bill black; feet
dingy ash-brown; iris umber-brown" (T. Ayres). Total length
14 inches, culmen 1-65, wing 5-75, tail 3*8, centre tail-feathers 7*5,
tarsus 0-4.
Toting. Similar to the adult, but duller in colour, and having a
bluish-green throat.
Bab. S.E. Africa, extending northwards to the Zambesi, westwards
into Damara-Land and the Upper Congo region.
a.
Ad. st. South Africa. Edward Wilson, Esq.
[P.].
b. Ad. sk. Port Natal.
Sharpe Coll.
c. 3
ad.; d, e. $ Eland's River, Transvaal, Feb. Shelley Coll.
ad. et juv. sk. (T. Ayres).
f. S ad. sk. Rustenberg, Jan. 16 (T. Ayres). Gurney Coll.
g.
Ad. sk. Daka, Matabele-Land (F. W. E. & C. G. Oates,
Oates). Esqrs. fP.].
h. <S ad. sk. Gemah (F. Oates). W. E. & C. G. Oates,
Esqrs. IP.].
i, h. Ad. sk. Makalaka Country (Dr. Brad- Shelley Coll.
I, m. Ad. sk. Zambesi.
Sir John Kirk [P.].
n.
J ad. sk. Otjimbinque, Damara - Land, Tweeddale Coll.
I)ec. (C\ J. Andersson).
3 . MEKQPS. 85
15. Merops imbicus.
Le Guepier rouge a tete bleue, Month. Hist Nat. Ois. vi. p. 506
(1779).
Le Guepier de Nubie, DaubentPl. Enl vi. pi. 049.
Blue-headed Bee-eater, Lath, Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 680 (1782).
Merops nubicus, Gm. Syst Nat i. p. 464 (1788); Gray, Gen. B.
i. p. 86 (1846) ; Strickl. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 216; Bp. Consp. i. p. 161
(1850); Reichenb. Ilandb., Merop. p. 79, Taf. 451. figs. 3254-55
(1852); Marti Orn. Westafr. p. 41 (1857) ; Cab. $ Heine, Mus.
Hein. Th. ii. p. 141 (1860); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Merops, p. 7
(1863); Antin. Cat descr. Uce. p. 30(1864); Gray, Hand~l B.
i. p. 100, no. 1213 (1869); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr.i. p. 199 (1869),
iv. pi. lxv. (1870) ; Blanf. Geol. $ Zool. Abyss, p. 321 (1870);
Finsch, Trans. Z. S. vii. p. 321 (1870); id. $ Hartl. Tog. Ostafr.
p. 182 (1870) ; Fischer $ Beichen. J.f.O. 1878, p. 256; Shelley,
P. Z. S. 1881, p. 569; Hartl. Abhandl. nat Ver. Bremen, vii
p. Ill (1881) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p. 72; Forbes, Ibis, 1883,
pp. 519, 527; Shellei/, t c. p. 556; Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 89,
pi. 20 (1884); Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 397 ; Hartert, J.f.O. 1886,
p. 592; Oust Bibl. haut Etudes, xxxi. Art. 10, p. 4 (1886);
Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 296.
? Merops brasiliensis, Gm. Syst Nat i. p. 462 (1788).
Merops superbus, Penn. Ind. Zool. Suppl. p. 33 (1790); Shaw #
Nodd. Nat Misc. in. pi. 78 (1791) ; Vieill. N. Diet d'Hist Nat
xlv. p. 23 (1817).
Merops caeruleocephalus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 272 (1790); Vieill
lc.v. 21(1817).
Melittotheres nubicus, Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 82 (1852).
Adult Similar to M. natalensis, but distinguished by having the
throat green like the head: " bill black; feet dusky lead-colour ;
iris crimson " (Yon Heuglin). Total length 13 inches, culmen 1*6,
wing 5*8, tail 3*8, tarsus 0-4.
Hah. West Africa, from Senegambia to the Niger. Equatorial
Africa to the Zanzibar district of Eastern Africa.
a. $ ad. sk. Senegal (d'Einville). Riocour Coll.
b. Ad. sk. River Gambia. Sharpe Coll.
c. Ad. sk. River Gambia (SirA. Moloney). Shelley Coll.
d. Ad.sk. B'm&o (Verreaux), II. E. Dresser, Esq.
e. $ ad. sk. Shonga, R. Niger. Forbes Coll.
/ . $ ad. sk. Rabba, R. Niger. Forbes Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Kaneh, 3 days above Khartoum, F. Bohndorff [C.].
Feb.
A. 9 ad. sk. Atfeh, Annesley Bay, Feb. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[C.].
i. Ad. sk. White Nile. Purchased.
k. Ad. sk. Shoa (Sir W. Harris). India Museum.
1. Ad. sk. Masai-Land (J. Thompson). Shelley Coll.
m, n. Ad. sk. Mombasa (E. C. BuHon). Rev. A. F. Buxton
[P.].
o. <$ ad. sk. Manda Island, Nov. F. J. Jackson, Esq.
[P.].
86
MEROPXB-Sl.
p,
q, r. Ad. sk. Lamu {Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Ooll.
s. $ ad. sk. Lamu, Oct. (Dr. Fischer). Shelley Coll.
t, v. Ad. sk. Pangani River (Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.
16. Merops malimbicus.
Merops bicolor (nee Bodd.), Baud. Ann. Mus. d7Hist. Nat. ii. p. 440,
pi. 62. fig. 1 (1803); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 86 (1846); Bp. Consp. i.
p. 162 (1850); Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 79, Taf. 452.figs. 325657
(1852) ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 41 (1857); ScJil. Mus. Pays-
Bas, Merops, p. 7 (1863); Beichen. J. f. 0. 1875, p. 19,1877,
p. 21; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 89 (1877).
Merops malimbicus, Shaw, Nat. Misc. xvii. pi. 701 (1806); Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 100, no. 1215 (1869); TJssher, Ibis, 1874, p. 48;
Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 87, pi. 19 '(1884); Hartert, J. f. O.
1886, p. 593; Shelley, Ibis, 1890, p. 166; Sharpe, App. to Jameson's
Bear Column, p. 399 (1890).
Le
Guepier gris-rose, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Guepiers, p. 28, pi. 5
(1807).
Tephraerops Tricolor, Beichenl. Handh., Merop. p. 82 (1852).
Adult male. Upper surface dark ashy grey with a rosy shade;
wing-coverts dark grey, with a slight greenish shade on the inner
secondaries; quills "black; upper tail-coverts and tail vinous red,
with dusky ends to the feathers and "black shafts; head uniform
dark grey; lores and a streak through the eye and ear-coverts
black ; chin and a broad streak along the cheeks white; remainder
of under surface of body rich rose-colour; under tail-coverts dark
ashy grey, washed with rosy; under wing-coverts and quill-lining
dark slate-colour, with a rosy tinge on the former: " bill and feet
black ; iris red " {Earteri). Total length 10*2 inches, culmen 1-6,
wing 5*4, tail 3*1, centre tail-feathers 4*6, tarsus 0*45.
Hab. West Africa, from the Gold Coast to Gaboon.
a. Ad. sk. Cape Coast. Col. Strachan [P.],
b, c. Ad. sk. Accra. Sharpe Coll
d. e, f. Ad. sk. Abouri, Aguapim, Feb. 20 {G. Shelley Coll.
B. S. Sf T. B. Buckley),
g. S ad. sk, Gaboon, June 24 (T. Thompson). Shelley Coll.
h. Ad. sk. River Ogowe {H. T. Ansel!). Shelley Coll.
i, k. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Sharpe Coll.
17. Merops breweri.
Meropogon breweri, Cass. Broc. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 34; Heine,
J. f. O. 1859, p. 433; Cass. Journ. Bhilad. Acad. (2) iv. p. 321,
pi. 49. fig. 1 (1860); Sharpe fy Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France,
i. p. 40 (1876).
Eombylona.x breweri, Heine, J. f. 0.1859, p. 434; Beichen. J. f, O.
1877, p. 21.
Archimerops breweri, Hartl Arch. f. Nature, xxvi. pt. 2. p. 90
(1860).
Nyctiornis breweri, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 98, no. 1200 (1869).
Merops breweri, Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 537 (1881) ; Dresser,
Monogr. Merop. p. 21, pi. 5 (1884).
4 . MEROPOGON".
Adult male. General colour above deep grass-green, wing-coverts
and quills green like the back, the inner webs of the latter rufcscent
near the base and dusky at their ends; centre tail-feathers elongated,
grass-green; the remainder deep chestnut, with a band of
green at the end, the outer feather green for the whole of the outer
web; crown of head and nape black, extending on the hind neck;
sides of face and ear-coverts, cheeks, throat, sides of neck, and fore
neck black; chest chestnut, this colour pervading the upper breast;
remainder of under surface of body deep fawn-colour or pale chestnut,
with a patch of green on the sides of the upper breast; under
tail-coverts like the abdomen, slightly washed with olive; under
wing-coverts and axillaries deep fawn-colour; quills below dusky,
fawn-colour along the inner edge: " bill black; feet dark greyish
green ; iris red " (Fallcenstein). Total length 13 inches, culmen 1-9,
wing 4*7, tail 4*2, centre tail-feathers 6, tarsus 0*45.
Hab. West Africa, from Gaboon to the Congo.
a. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Purchased.
b, c. $ ad. sk. Ckiluango, Congo (Dr. Lucan). Shelley Coll.
4. MEEOPOGOK.
Type.
Meropogon, Bp, Consp. i. g. 164 (1850) M. forsteni.
Pogonomerops, Cab. § Heine, Mus. Eein. Th. ii. p. 132,
note (1860) M. forsteni.
Range. Confined to Celebes.
1. Meropogon forsteni
Meropogon forsteni, Bp. Consp. i. p. 164 (1850, ex Temm. MSS) ;
Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 10 (1852) ; Tweedd. Trans. Z. S. viii.
p. 42 (1872); Meyer, J. f. 0. 1872, p. 405; Gould, B. Asia, i.
pi. 39 (1873) ; Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 58; Dresser, Monoyr. Merop.
p. 15, pi. 4 (1884).
Pogonomerops forsteni, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 132,
note (1860).
Merops forsteni, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Merops, p. 8 (1863) ; Meyer,
J.f. 0.1871, p. 231.
Nyctiomis forsteni, Gray, Hand-IB. i. p. 98, no. 1199 (1869);
Briigg. Abliandl. not. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 49 (1876).
Adult General colour bright grass-green, including the wings,
the quills having blackish shafts and dusky ends : centre tail-
feathers green with black shafts, the rest of the tail-feathers chestnut,
with narrow greenish edges, more distinct on the two outer
ones; crown of head, sides of face, and ear-coverts, as well as the
throat and breast, deep ultramarine; the occiput, hind neck, and
sides of neck dingy maroon-brown; abdomen dusky blackish,
slightly washed with green ; under tail-coverts dull chestnut, with
green margins. Total length 13 inches, culmen 1-9, wing 4*5, tail
4-4, centre tail-feathers 6-9, tarsus 0-4.
Hab. Celebes.
a. S ad. sk. Rurukan, Celebes {A. B. Meyer), Tweeddale Coll
88
MER0PID.3E.
5.
NYCTIOBNIS. Type.
Nyctinomus, Swainson, Zool. Illustr. 2nd ser. ii. text to
pi. 56 (1831) N. amlcta.
Nyctiornis, Stoainson, Zool. Illustr. 2nd ser. ii. text to
pi. 56 (1831) N. amicta.
Alcemerops, Isid. Geoffr. St.-Hilaire, Now. Ann. Mus.
aJHist. Nat. i. p. 395 (1832) N. amicta.
Bucia, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. v. p, 360 (1836) N. athertoni.
Napophila, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. x. p. 29 (1841) N. athertoni.
Range. India, extending to the Burmese countries, Siam and
Cochin China, southwards through the Malayan Peninsula to
Sumatra and Borneo.
Key to the Species,
a. Long throat-feathers blue; head bluish green athertoni, p. 88.
b.
Long throat-feathers scarlet; fore part of the
crown lilac amicta, p. 90.
1. Nyctiornis athertoni.
Nyctiornis athertoni, Jard. $* Belly, III. Orn. ii. pi. 58 (1825-43) ;
'McClell. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 155; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 87 (1846) ; id.
Cat. Mamm. etc. Nepal pres. Hodgs. p. 58 (1840); id. Cat. Fissir.
Brit. Mus. p. 72 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 164 (1850); Gould, B.
Asia, i. pi. 37 (1850) ; Reichenb. Handb., Merop. p. 81, Taf. 453.
figs. 3262-63 (1852); Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis.V. 8 (1854) ; Horsf.
$ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. JE. I. Co. i. p. 89 (1854); Cab. $ Heine,
Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 132 (1860); Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 211 (1863);
Myth, Bis, 1866, p. 345; Beavan, Ibis, 1869, p. 407; Gray,
Hand-L B. i. p. 98, no. 1196 (1869); Blanf. Ibis, 1870, p. 465;
Blyth, Ibis, 1872, p. 89; Hume, Nests $ Eggs Ind. B. p. 103
(1873); id. Str. F. ii. p. 469 (1874); Blyth § Wald. B. Burnt.
p. 73 (1875); Hume, Str. F. v. p. 18 (1877) ; Fairb. t. c. p. 394;
Hume fy Dams. Str. F. vi. p. 68 (1878); Ball, Str. F. vii. p. 203
(1878); Anders. Rep. Zool. Fxped. Tun-nan, p. 383 (1878); Hume,
Str. F. "viii. p. 85 (1879); Tlraut, Bull. Comm. Aqric. Cochin China,
(3) i. p. 98 (1879); Butler, Cat. B. S. Bomb. Pres. p. 18 (1880) ;
Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 153 (1880) ; Oates, Handh. B. Br. Burin.
ii. p. 63' (1883): Davison, Str. F. x. p. 351 (1883); Dresser,
Mmogr. Merop. p. 7, pi. 3 (1884); Macgr. Str. F. x. p. 436
(1887); Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 42 (1888) ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests
# Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 58 (1890).
Bucia nipalensis, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. v. p. 361 (1836).
Nyctiornis cseruleus, Sivains. Classif. B. ii. p. 333 (1837).
Nyctiornis amherstiana, Royle, Himal. Bot. i. p. 76 (1839).
Alcemerops paleazureus, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 262.
Merops cyanogularis, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 229 (1840).
Bucia atheitoni, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng, x. p. 29 (1841); Blyth, op.
cit. xi. p. 104 (1842).
Napophila meropura, Hodgs. Icon, ined., Passeres, pis. 24, 25 (no.
201) ; id. in Gray's Zool Misc. p. 82 (1844).
Napophila nipalensis, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844).
Alcemerops athertoni, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Socy. 52 (1849).
JMerops athertoni, Schl Mm Pays-Bas, Merops, p. 14 (1863).
5 . NYCTIOBlSriS.
Adult male. Pale grass-green, including the wings and tail, the
latter ochreous yellow underneath, but not having the broad
terminal bar of N. amicta; forehead and vertex verditer-blue;
sides of face, cheeks, and sides of neck green like the hack; long
throat-feathers pale blue, the lower ones with darker blue bases and
light blue tips; remainder of under surface ochreous buff, the
abdomen broadly streaked with green centres to the feathers, the
under tail-coverts slightly washed with green• under wing-coverts
and axillaries ochreous buff, as well as the quill-lining; " bill
"horny, lighter at the base below; legs fleshy brown, tinged with
green; claws horn-coloured; iris brown" (E. W. Oates). Total
length 13 inches, culmen 1*85, wing 5*9, tail 5*3, tarsus 0*6.
Adult female. Similar to the male but somewhat smaller : "bill
light horny, pale at gape and base of lower mandible ; legs and feet
pale greenish; iris yellowish brown" (0. T. Bingham). Total
length 11*5 inches, culmen 1-9, wing 5*21, tail 4*8, tarsus 06.
Hob. Southern and Central India. Himalayas from the Dhoon to
Assam, south to Tenasserim, and east to Siani and Cambodia.
a. Ad. sk. Travancore. India Museum.
b. (2 ad.; c, d. Hume Coll.
Kullar, Nilghiris, Oct.
5 ad. sk.
e. S ad. sk. Seegore, Nilghiris, June. Hume Coll.
/, 9> c? 2 ad. sk. Sumbalpur, Jan. Hume Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Behar. Hodgson Coll.
i. J ad. sk. Siwalik Hills, March (Dr. Tweeddale Coll.
Scott).
k, I <S ad. sk. Dehra Dhoon, Dec. Hume Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Dehra Dhoon. Tweeddale Coll.
n. o* ad. sk. Kalsi, Feb. Hume ColJ.
o, p. q. Ad. sk. MasurL Hume Coll.
r, s, t. Ad. sk. Niani Tal. Pinwill Coll.
u. Ad. sk. Pilibheet. Hume Coll.
v~b'. Ad.; d. Nepal. Hodgson Coll.
Juv. sk. (Types of N. meropura.)
d'. Ad. sk. Nepal (B. H. Hodgson). India Museum.
e'-i'. Ad. sk. Native Sikhim, March, July, Hume Coll.
Aug., Oct. (Z. Mandelli).
k'-p'. Ad. sk. Sikhim, Feb., Oct., Nov. (X. Hume Coll.
Mandelli).
q'. Ad. sk. Asaam (A. W. Chennell). Tweeddale Coll.
r', s'. d2 *&• N. Khasia Hills, Jan. (A. Tweeddale Coll.
sk. W. C).
f, u\ S2 ad. Dibrughur, May, June (J. R. Hume Coll.
sk. Cripps).
v'. Ad. sk. Cachar. Hume Coll.
id. <$ ad. sk. Tipperah Hills, Jan. Hume Coll.
x'. Ad. sk. Bhamo, Feb. Dr. J. Anderson [C.].
y'-b". Ad. sk. Karen Hills, Sept., Oct., Nov. Tweeddale Coll.
(E. G. W. U).
c". <$ ad.; d", Tonghoo, Oct., Nov. {JR. O. Tweeddale Coll.
e". $ ad. sk. W. M.).
/' . Ad. sk. Burmah. Tweeddale Coll.
g", h". $ ad. sk. Aracan Hills, Jan. Oates Coll.
i". k". Ad. sk. Bassein, Pegu. W. T. Blanford,
Esq. [P.].
MEItOPlDJS.
I'. Ad. sk. Petchapury, Siam, Aug. M. E. Pierre [P.].
m". (S ad. sk. Pahpoon, Jan. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.
n". $ ad. sk. Khayin, March (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
o". S ad. sk. Toungsha Gyne River, March Hume Coll.
( W. Davison),
p". <$ ad. sk. Kanee, Houngthraw R. (W. Hume Coll.
Davison),
q". $ ad. sk. Thoungyeen River, Sept. (C. Hume Coll.
T. Bingham).
r" '. ? ad. sk. Kaukaryit, March. Major Bingham [P.],
s", t". 2 ad. sk. Thatone, Feb. (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
u''', v". S ad.; Amherst, Dec. (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
w". 2 ad. sk
cc"'. ? ad. sk. Attaran R., Dec. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.
y"
. <$ ad. sk. Moulmein, Oct. (It. C. Beavan). Tweeddale Coll.
z",. Ad. sk. Cambodia. M. Mouhot [C.].
2. Nyctiornis amicta.
Merops amictus,
Temm. PL Col. iv. pi. 310 (1824); Schl. Mus.
^ Pays-Bos, Merops, p. 13 (1863).
Nyctiornis amicta, Swains. Zool. Illustr. 2nd ser. ii., text to pi. 56
(1831); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 87 (1846) ; id. List Fissir, Brit. Mus.
p. 73 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 164 (1850); Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 38
(1850); Reichenb. Handb., Merop.y. 80, Taf. 453. figs. 3260-61
(1852) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 264; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B.
Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 383 (1854) ; Bp. Consp. Valuer. Anis. p. 8
(1854) ; Cab. $ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 133 (1860) ; Jerd. B.
India, i. p. 212 (1862); Scl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 214; Blyth, Ibis,
1866, p. 345; Qray, Hand4. B. i. p. 98, no. 1194 (1869); Salvad.
The. Born. p. 91 (1874); Blyth $ Wold. B. Burin, p. 73 (1875);
Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 6; Tweedd. t. c. p. 298 ; Hume fy Davis. Sir.
F. vi. pp. 69, 498 (1878) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 248 ; Hume, Sir.
F. viii. pp. 48, 85 (1879); Bingham, t. c. p. 193; id. Str. F. ix.
p. 153 (1880) ; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 378; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881,
p. 793 ; Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. 56,1883, p. 87 ; Oates, Handb. B.
B?\ Burm. ii. p. 64 (1883) ; Dresser, Monogr. Merop. p. 3, pis. 1,
2 (1884) ; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 407 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1887,
p. 442 ; Vorderm. Nat Tijdsehr. Nederl. Ind. xlvi. p. 227 (1887) ;
Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, pp. 18, 483.
Nyctinomus amictus, Swains. Zool. Illustr. 2nd ser. pi. 56.
Alcemerops amictus, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 15 (1844); Blyth,
Cat. Mus. As. Soc-p. 52 (1849).
Nyctiornis malaccensis,
Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 133
(1860); Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 98, no. 1195 (1869); Hume, Str.
F ii. p. 469 (1874).
Adult male. General colour above and below grass-green; forehead
and vertex lilac, extending to the centre of the crown; lores,
fore part of cheeks, throat, and centre of fore neck scarlet-
vermilion ; at the base of the forehead, on the fore part of the
cheeks, and again on the chin is a small spot of verditer-blue, and
the scarlet of the cheeks is tinged with lilac posteriorly; the
hinder cheeks, ear-coverts, and sides of neck grass-green like the
back; the feathers of the throat long and pointed, those of the fore
aeck centred with dark green; the abdomen paler than the rest of
5. NYCTIOENIS.
the under surface, being whitish, washed with green; wings and
tail green like the back, the primaries a little darker green externally;
underneath, the tail is for the most part yellow, including the shafts
of the feathers, which have a black external border and a broad
black band at the end; axillaries and under wing-coverts ochreous
buff; quills dusky below, ochreous on the inner web: " bill dark
horny, somewhat whitish at the base below; legs and feet plumbeous
green; iris tawny" (0. T. Bingham). Total length 12*5 inches,
culmen 2*3, wing 5*1, tail 4*6, tarsus 0*55.
Adult female. Similar to the male but smaller, and distinguished
by the scarlet of the sides of the face extending across the forehead,
being succeeded by a band of lilac across the crown: " bill black,
the lower mandible from the angle of genys to the base fleshy;
legs and feet pale bluish green ; eyelids dark grey; iris orange "
( 0. T. B.). Total length 11-5 inches, culmen 1-8, wing 4-9, tail 4*5,
tarsus 0*55.
Young male. Entirely green, with no scarlet or lilac on the head
and breast; the lower abdomen and under tail-coverts ochreous
buff; wings and tail as in the adult, but the ochreous yellow of the
underside of the tail-feathers neither so well-defined nor so bright;
the long chest-feathers with darker green centres, not so pronounced
as in the adult.
Young female. Lighter green than the male, the feathers of the
throat and chest with ochre-yellow margins, the abdomen ochre-
yellow.
Hah. From Southern Tenasserim down the Malayan Peninsula to
Sumatra and Borneo.
a, b. <$ 2 ao^ s^* Thoungyah, Tenasserim, Jan., Hume Coll.
Oct. (W. Davison).
c. c? ad. sk. Thoungyeen Valley, Nov. (C. Hume Coll.
T. Bingham).
d. £ ad. sk. Myawadee, Jan. (W. B.). Hume Coll.
e. 2 ad. sk. South of Ye, April (W. B.) Hume Coll.
/ . J ad. sk. Foot of Nwalabo, April (J*. Hume Coll.
Barling).
g. $ ad. sk. Palaw-ton-ton, Dec. (W. Bavu Hume Coll.
son).
h. c? ad. sk. Pakchan, Jan. (W. Bavison). Hume Coll.
i-r. <$ ad.; s-a'. Bankasoon, March, April, May Hume Coll.
5 ad. sk. (W. Bavison).
V, c'. c? ad. sk. Malewoon, Dec, Jan. (J. Barl- Hume Coll.
ing).
d'. Ad. sk. Penang. Gould Coll.
ef. Ad. sk. Penang {Br. Cantor). India Museum.
/'. 6 ad. sk. Wellesley Province, Dec. (W. Hume Coll.
Bavison).
g'. 2 ad. sk. Perak Mountains. L. Wray, Esq. [P.],
h', i', ti. S ad.; Klang, Salangore, Feb., March, Hume Coll.
V, m'. 2 a(^ Nov. (W. Bavison).
sk.
n', o't p'. Ad, * Malacca, July, Aug. (W. D.). Hume Coll.
q'-t'. Imm. sk.
u'. <$ ad. sk. Malacca (A. JR. Wallace). Gould Coll.
92
v'. Ad. sk.
to', x'. Ad. j y\
Imm. sk.
z'. $ ad. sk.
a". $ ad. sk.
b"-g". Ad. et
imm. sk.
h",i". Ad. sk.
&", I". Ad. et
imm. sk.
m", n". Ad. sk.
o". <3 ad. sk.
p". 2 ad. sk.
q". Imm. sk.
r". Ad, sk.
MEE0PIDJ2.
Malacca (Dr. Cantor). India Museum.
Malacca (£. G. W. R.). Tweeddale Coll.
Kuroo, Malacca, Noy. (W. Hume Coll.
Davison),
Gunnong Pulai, Jokore, Sept. Hume Coll.
(W. Damson).
Sumatra,
Sept., Oct. {Carl Tweeddale Coll.
Bock).
Sumatra. Wallace Coll.
Lampung, S.E. Sumatra (E. Tweeddale Coll.
Buxton),
Borneo. Bajah Brooke [P.],
Busan, Sarawak (A. EC. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Everett),
Bellidah, Jan. (A. IT. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
Tagora. May {A. H. Everett). A. H. Everett, Esq.
Labuan.
Sir Hugh Low [C.].
ALCEDI]S1D2E.
Suborder HALCYONES.'
Hallux connected with the flexor perforans digitorum, and not
with the flexor longus hallucis.
Palate desmognathous: basipterygoid processes absent.
Spinal feather-tract well defined on neck and not forked on the
back ; ventral feather-tract not only split in the centre but also on
each side of the breast by bare tracts.
Oil-gland tufted.
No aftershaft to the contour-feathers of the body.
Tail-feathers generally 12, rarely 10.
Egg white.
Young hatched naked and helpless.
JRange. Over the whole of both hemispheres.
(Cfr. Seebohm, Classific. Birds, p. 20.)
Synopsis of the Families.
a. Eeet anisodactyle.
a. Bill not serrated: caaca none 1. Alcedinidae, p. 93.
b'. Bill serrated : caeca none 2. Homotidae, p. 313.
c'. Bill not serrated: caeca present.... 3. Todidae, p. 333.
b.
Eeet pamprodactylous: all four toes
directed forwards 4. Coliidae, p. 338.
Family ALCEDINIDiE.
(By E. B. SHAEPE.)
Bill generally long, with rounded or slightly flattened culmen:
genys always abruptly ascending towards the tip of the mandible.
Toes anisodactyle, the soles much flattened, and the fourth toe
united to the third for more than half its length, the second toe
united to the third for its basal third.
Sternum with two notches.
Cseca none. Accessory semitendinosus muscle absent.
Range. Over the whole world. No species of Dacelonince are
found in America, which possesses only members of the genus Ceryle.
Key to the Subfamilies.
a. Bill long and slender, compressed, and perceptibly
keeled. Habits mainly piscivorous".
ALCEDIN1NJE, p. 96.
b. Bill more or less depressed; culmen rounded
or flattened, sometimes even grooved.
Habits mainly insectivorous or reptilivorous
DACELONINJE, p. 173.
ALCEDINID.2B.
Subfamily I. ALCEDININiE.
Key to the Genera*
a. Tail longer than bill.
a'. Base of culmen flattened and slightly-
ridged ; back bright cobalt, contrasting
with mantle: sexes alike 1. PELABGOPSIS, p. 96.
b'. Base of culmen rounded or only slightly
flattened; colours black and white,
gmj or green, but without any bright
blue on the back: sexes different.... 2. CEBYLE, p. 107.
6> Bill longer than tail, the latter conspicuously
abbreviated.
c\ Toes four.
a1'. Head crested, but only to a slight
degree 3. ALCEDO, p. 140.
b". Head with a very large crest, the
feathers of the fore part of the crown
elongated beyond the occiput 4. COBYTHOBNIS, p. 162.
d\ Toes three
5. ALCYONE, p. 167.
Subfamily II. DACELONIN^E.
Key to the Genera.
a. Tail very short, much less than length of
bill.
a\ Toes three 6. CEYX, p. 173.
b'. Toes four.
a". Hallux longer than inner toe 7. CEYCOPSIS, p. 190.
b".
rr/
Hallux equal to inner toe.
a
. Tarsus shorter than hallux; bill
not so depressed ; . 8. ISPIDINA, p. 190.
b'". Tarsus longer than hallux; bill
very flat 9. MYIOCEYX, p. 195.
b. Tail long, exceeding length of bill, sometimes
equal to or exceeding length of
wing.
c".
Tail rounded or graduated; rectrices
12.
c'". Tarsus shorter than middle toe
without claw.
a4. Tomia serrated 10. SYMA, p. 196.
bA
. Tomia not serrated.
a5. Scapulars long, equalling the
secondaries in length.
a6. Culmen rounded; tip of bill
not hooked 11. CABCINEUTES, p. 198.
b*. Culmen grooved; tip of bill
hooked 12. MELIDOBA, p. 201.
ALCEIOTIDJB.
b5. Scapulars shorter, not equalling
the secondaries in length.
c6. Outer tail-feathers shorter
than the rest, but not
falling short of tip of tail
by much more than length
of tarsus.
a7. No keel to the genys;
angle of rami of jaw
obtusely rounded; bill
bluntly rounded at tipj
nasal opening a linear
slit situated well in front
of nostrils 13. CLYTOCEYX, p. 203.
¥, Genys more or less distinctly
carinated; angle
of rami of lower jaw
rather pointed j nasal
opening oval, with the
nasal plumes impinging
on it.
a8. Wing rather pointed,
the primaries much
longer than the secondaries;
sexes different;
culnien ascending
towards the end of
upper mandible 14 DACJELO, p. 20,4.
b8. Wing more rounded;
secondaries nearly
equal in length to the
primaries.
a9. With no indication
of a groove along
the sides of the cul- [p. 209.
men 15. SATJROMARPTIS,
5°. With a more or less
distinct groove along
the sides of the culmen.
a10. Bill compressed . 16. HALCYON, p. 213.
b10
. Bill flattened .. 17. TODIRHAMPHUS,
d&. Outer tail-feathers much [p. 288.
shorter than the rest, and
falling short of the tip of
the tail by more than length
of bill 18. CITTURA, p. 291.
d"'. Tarsus longer than middle toe .. 19. MONACHALCYON,
d". Centre tail-feathers elongated, with [p. 293.
a spatule or racket at the ends; tail-
feathers 10 20. TANYSIPTERA, p. 296.
ALCEDINID^.
Subfamily I. ALCEDININ.3E.
1. PELARGOPSIS. „
Type.
Pelargopsis, Ghger, Handb. p. 338 (1842).
Rhamphalcyon,Ite2cfow&. Handb.,AIced. p. 16 (1851) P. gurial.
Hylcaon, Reichenb. t. c. p. 18 (1851) P. melanorhyncha.
Bayige. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, throughout the Burmese
countries and the Indo-Malayan subregion to Java, Sumatra, Borneo,
the Philippines, and Celebes.
Key to the Swedes.
a. Bill black melanorhyncha, p. 97.
b. Bill red.
a'. Scapulars brown amauroptera, p. 97.
b'. Scapulars green or blue.
a". Crown of head not capped, generally like
the hind neck, which is deep ochre (in
P. gigantea only the head is white).
d". Back and wings deep ultramarine;
lower back rich cobalt.
aK Throat -whitish, shading into the
ochraceous-buff colour of the rest
of the under surface leucocephala, p. 98.
&4. Throat deep ochraceous like the rest
of the under surface of the body .. intermedia, p. 99.
b"\ Back and wings bluish green; lower
back greenish cobalt.
c4. Head, neck, and under/parts rich deep
ochre gouldi, p. 100.
dK Head whitish; hind neck and underpays
pale ochreous buff gigantea, p. 100.
b"'. Crown of head with a distinct cap, contrasting
with the ochreous hind neck.
</". Cap dark brown.
e4. Back green, wings greenish blue;
crown not washed with green or
blue; back greenish cobalt gurial, p. 101.
fK Wings deep blue; back only slightly
greener.
a5. Head very slightly washed with
greenish blue; hind neck and
underparts deep ochreous malaccensis, p. 103.
¥. Head strongly washed with green
as well as the sides of the face;
hind neck and underparts pale
ochreous floresiana, p. 103.
d'". Cap light ashy cinereous or ochreous
grey.
gA. Back and wings greenish blue burmanica, p. 104.
hK Back and wings deep blue fraseri, p. 106.
1. PELARGOPSIS. 1)7
1. Pelargopsis melanorhyncha.
Alcedo melanorhynclia, Temm. PL Col. iv. pi. #91 (1826); Schl.
Mus. Pays-Bas., Alced. p. 15 (18(33); id. Vog. Nederl. hid. pp. 10,
47, pi. 2. fig. 1 (1804): id. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced., Revue, p. 8
(1874).
Halcyon melanorhyncha, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); Bp. Consp.
i. p. 155 (1850) ; Cass. Cat Hale. Philad. Mus. p. 10 (1852);
Wall. Ibis, 1860, p. 142; id. P. Z. S. 1862, pp. 335, 338 j Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 92, no. 1102 (1869;; Peh. u. Lorenz, Ami. 'k.
Nat. Hofm. Wien, i. p. 258 (1886).
Hvlcaon melanorhynclia, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 18. Taf. 399.
fig. 3074 (1851)."
Ilhaniphalcyon melanorhynclia, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 10
(1854).
Pelargopsis melanorhynclia, Shame, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 62 ; id. Monuqr.
Alced. p. 95, pi. 29 (1870); Walden, Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 45 (1872);
Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 64 ; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 547 ; Blasius,
Zeitschr. yes. Orn. iii. p. 92 (1886).
Adult. Entire body cream-colour, a little deeper on the throat
and approaching to pale orange on the abdomen and under tail-
coverts ; forehead dusky grey, the base of a few feathers on the
crown also slightly showing this colour; cheeks and ear-coverts
more decided dusky grey, the feathers narrowly edged or washed
with cream-colour; middle of the back, scapularies, and wing-
coverts brownish, washed with dull green, the latter narrowly edged
with cream-colour at the tip ; quills dark brown, the inner web
white at the base, the basal half of the outer web of the primaries
and the whole of the outer web of the secondaries dusky green;
tail dusky green above, dark brown beneath : " bill black; feet and
claws reddish brown ; iris yellowish brown " (A. B. Meyer). Total
length 14 inches, culmen 3-3, wing 5*9, tail 3*7, tarsus 0*45,
Hah. Celebes and the Sula and Togian Islands.
a. <$ ad. sk. Menado, Celebes. Wallace Coll.
b, c. S ad. sk. Menado (A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll.
d, e. <$ ad. sk. Menado (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
/, y. tf ad. sk. Sula Islands. Wallace Coll.
h. J ad. sk. Togian Islands (A, B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll.
2. Pelargopsis amauroptera.
Halcyon amauroptera, Pears. J. A. S. Beng. x. p, 635 (1841); Blyth,
Ann. § May. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 94 (1843) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79
(1846); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. JSOC. p. 313 (1849) ; Bp. Consp,
i. p. 155 (1830) ^ Cass. Cat. Hale. Philad. Mus. p. 10 (1852);
Horsf. # Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I Co. i. p. 124 (1854); Jerd. B.
IndX p. 224 (1862) ; Blyth.Ibis, 1866, p. 347 ; Gray, Hand-IB.
i. p. 92, no. 1105 (1869); Bl'anf. Ibis, 1870, p. 465; Cripps, Str.F.
vii. p. 260 (1879).
Rhamphalcyon amauroptera, Reichenb. Handb.,Alced. p.17, Taf. 398B.
fig. 3407 (1851) ; Bp, Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 12 (1854).^
Pelargopsis amauroptera, Cab. $* Heine, Mus. Heln. Tli. ii. p. 157
(1860); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870; p. 63; id. Monoyr. Alced. p. 97;
VOL. XVII. H
9S
ALCEDIXIBJE.
pi. 30 (1870) ; Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 324 (1875); Blyth ,y Wald.
B. Burm. p. 70 (1875) ; Armstr. Str. F. iv. p. :J0-J (1576); Hume
8) Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 73 (1878); Hume, Str. F. viii. pp. 49, 85
(1879); Oates, Str. F. x. p. 187 (1882) ; id. Handb. B. Brit.
Burm. ii. p. 78 (1883).
Alcedo leucocephala, pt., Schl. Mus. Pai/-Bas, Al -ed. p. 13 (18J3).
? Alcedo arnauroptera, Schl oj). cit., Revue, p. 8 (1874).
Adult male. Entire head, neck, and under surface of body yellowish
cinnamon or deep ochre; back, scapulars, and wing-coverts
chocolate-brown; entire back and ramp silvery cobalt; quills
chocolate-brown, light cinnamon along the inner web ; upper tail-
coverts and tail chocolate-brown : " bill crimson ; legs scarlet; iris
dark brown; eyelids brick-red" (J. JR. Cripps). Total length
13 inches, cnlmen 3, wTing 5-8, tail 4, tarsus 0*5.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length
13 inches, culmen 3-4, wing 5*6, tail 3*4, tarsus 0-6.
Young. Only differs from the adults in having dusky margins to
the ochreous feathers.
Hal. Eastern Bengal to Arakan, Barmah, and Tenasserim, as
far as the Tonka district of the Upper Malay Peninsula.
a. Ad. sic. Bengal (F. Blyth). India Museum.
b-h. Ad. et imm. Near Calcutta, July, Nov., Dec. Hume Coll.
sk.
i Ad. sk. Near Calcutta, Oct. 30. Tweeddale Coll.
k. (S ad. sk. Faridpur, Mav 10 (J. B. Oripi>*\ IJuine Coll.
I, m. S ad. sk. Arakan Hill-,* Jan. (E. W. O/tfes). Hume Coll.
n. $ ad. bk. Yaytko, Bunnali, June (II.G. TT.Il.). Tweeddale Coll.
o. j ad.sk. Desert as Creek. Jan. (J. Anii^troiiy). Hume Cull.
p. £ ad. sk. Wauu-kran Cieek, Feb. (J. A.), Hume Cull.
q.
Ad. sk. Salt "Water Creek, Irawady Delta. W. T. BLinford,
K,q. [P.].
r.
<$ ad. sk. Lavnak Creek, Tenas:-erim, May Hume Cull.
( TV. Darisun).
s. 2 a(k sk. Amherst, March (J. Armstrong). Hume Coll.
t,u. S imm. sk. Mergui, Nov., Dee. (W. I).), Hume Coll.
v. S ftd. sk. Malawoon, March {A. L. Hough), Hume Coll.
to. Imm. st. Tena*fterim (Hclfcr). India Museum.
x. S ad. sk. Ivopah Iliver, Jan. ( TV. D.) Hume Coll.
y. S ad. sk. Ivossoum, April (J. Darling). Hume Coll.
3. Pelargopsis leucocephala*.
Martm-Peckeur de Java, Daubent. PL Enl. viii. pi. 7-".
Le Martin-pecheur a tete et cou couleur de paille, Buff. Hist. Nat.
Ois. vii. p. 190 (1780).
White-headed Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Sijn. i. pt. 2, p. 617 (1782).
Alcedo javana, Bodd. Tall. PL Enl. p. 47 (17S3).
Alcedo leucocephala, Gm. Syst. Xat. i. p. 4u0 (1788) ; Shaw §• Nodd.
Nat, Misc. xix. pi. 793 ,1807); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Alced.
* The earliest name for this species is undoubtedly Alcido jarana of
Eoddaert, but as the species does not inhabit Ja\a, I have dropped Buddaert's
name as being misleading.
1. PEL.LRGGPSrs.
«y
p. IS (1803, pt.); id. Voy. Nederl. Ltd., Alced. pi. 2, right-hand
upper figure (1864); Walden, P. Z. &'. 1806, p. 533 ; Sold. Mus.
Pays-Bets, Alced., Revue, p. 7 (1874).
Alcedo javanica, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 67 (1812).
Hilcyon leucocephala, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. 2, p. 100
(1826); Gray, List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 55 (1848, pt.); Bp. Cony).
i. p. 154 (1850); Horsf. $ Moore, Cit. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 12;}
(1854, pt.),-Sol. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 213.
Halcyon javana, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 70 (1346); id. Haid-l. B. i.
p. 02, no. 1104 (1809).
Rkamphalcyon gurial (nee Pears.), Reichenb. llanib., Alced. Tail 31)9.
fig. 3075 (1851, nee descr.).
PeLirgopsis
leucocephala, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 04; id. Monoi/r.
Alced. p. 09, pi. 31 (1870); Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 363; Salmd.
Uec. Bom. p. 95 (1874) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Sth\ n. s. i. p. 317
(1870); id. Ibis, 1870, p. 33, 1879, p. 249; id. P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 82U ; id. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 793; Guillen. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 4 )7 ;
Blasius, Omis, i. p. 150 (1885); EoereU, Journ. Straits Branch
R. As. Soc. 1889, p. 159 ; Sharpe. Ibis, 1890, pp. 19, 283.
Adult male. Head and back of neck deep ochre, the latter rather
deeper iu colour; upper part of the back, scapulars, and lesser
wing-coverts rich blue ; the median and greater coverts and the
outer aspect of the primaries rich ultramarine, the inner secondaries
being entirely of this colour; tail ultramarine above, black beneath;
under surface of body rich deep ochre, a little lighter on the throat
and sides of face: " bill and feet coral-red ; iris chocolate " (A.
Everett). Total length 13 inches, culmen 3, wing 5'8, tail 3*3,
tarsus 0-45.
Hub. Borneo ; ? Palawan (see footnote to p. 100).
a. Ad. sk. Borneo. Rajah Brooke [P.].
b. cJ ad. sk. Sarawak (A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Ooll.
c. (Jad.sk. Manm,S,\Tiiw.ik(A. H.Everett). Tweeddale Ooll.
d. $ ad. sk. Bedi, Sarawak (A. II. R). Gould Ooll.
e. Ad. sk. Lawas River (II. Burliidge), H. Veifcch, E^q. [P ].
/ . Ad. sk. Brunei Paver. " Dr. Bassett-Snrith [P.].
Subsp. a. Pelarg-opsis intermedia.
Pelargopsis fraseri (nee Sharpe), Ball, Str. F. i. p. 57 (1873).
Pelargopsis intermedia, Hume, Str. F. i. p. 449 (1873), ii. p. 106
(1874); Sharpe, t. e. p. 489; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 85 (1879).
Adult (type of species). Similar to P. leucocephala, but rather
larger and deeper in colour, the blue of the back richer cobalt and
the tint of the ochraceous parts being deeper and continued up to
the chin : " bill coral-red, darkening towards the tip ; feet bright
orange-vermilion: iris deep hair-brown.; eyelids orange-vermilion "
( W. Davison). Total length 13 inches, culmen 3 3, wing 5-9, tail 37 ,
tarsus 0*55.
This race is scarcely distinguishable from P. leucocephala, but is
rather deeper in colour, and lacks the whitish throat.
Huh.
Nicobar Islands.
u2
100
ALCEDINIDJE.
a, b. £ ad.; o. Kondul Island, Nicobars, March Hume Coll. (Types
9ad.sk. (W.Davison), of species.)
d. <$ ad. sk. Pulo Milu; Jan. 20 ( W. -D.) Hume Coll.
Subsp. {3. Pelargopsis gouldi.
Pelargopsis gouldi, Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 63; id. Monoqr. Alced.
p. 101, pi. 32 (1870); Blasius, Ibis, 1888, p. 373; id.'Omis, iv.
p. 307 (1888); Everett, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 225; id. Journ. Straits
Branch It. As. Soc. 1889, p. 159.
Pelargopsis
leucocepbala (nee Gm. *), Sharpe, Ibis, 1884, p. 318
(err.); id. Ibis, 1888, p. 197.
Adult (type of species). Entire bead and neck, as well as tbe
whole of the under surface of the body, rich ochre; upper part of
back, scapulars, wing-coverts, upper tail-coverts, and tail bluish
green; quills and tail-feathers rather more blue ; entire back and
rump silvery cobalt. Total length 13 inches, culmen 3*2, wing 6",
tail 3*5, tarsus 0*5.
Hcib. Philippine Islands.
a. Ad. sk. Manila. Gould Coll.
(Type of species.)
b. <S ad. sk. Ilo Ilo, Panay. Voy. H.M.S. ' Challenger.'
c. Ad. sk. Palawan. H. H. Lampriere, Esq. [P.].
Subsp. y. Pelargopsis gigantea.
Pelargopsis gigantea, Walden, Ann. § Maq. Nat. Hist. (4) xiii.
p. 123 (1874); Meyer, t. c. pp. 401, 475; Salrad. Ucc. Born. p. 96
(1874) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. n. s. i. p. 317 (1876) ; Ttceedd.
P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 541, 822, 1878, pp. 108, 341, 943, 1879, p. 69 ;
id. Hep. Exped. ' Challenger',' ii. Birds, p. 12 (1881) ; Guillem.
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 206.
Adult male. General colour above bluish green, the quills and
tail rather more blue; entire back and rump silvery cobalt; head
whitish ; hinder neck and under surface of body pale ochreous buff,
lighter on the throat, and deeper in tint towards the under tail-
coverts : " soft parts as in P. leucocepfiala" (A. Everett). Total
length 13 inches, culmen 3*3, wing 6, tail 3'5, tarsus 0*6.
Hab. Philippine Islands.
a.
§ ad.; b. <$ Amparo, S. Leyte, Aug. (A. Tweeddale Coll.
juv. sk, H. Everett).
e. $ ad. sk. Malanipa. Voy. H.M.S. ' Challenger.'
.
d. $ ad. sk. Dinagat Island, June (A. Tweeddale Coll.
H. E.).
e. $ ad. sk. Butuan, N. Mindanao, May Tweeddale Coll.
(A. H. E.).
*
I have also recorded a Pelargopsis from Palawan (Tr. Linn. Soc. new ser. i.
p. 317) which I called P. leucocephala, and expressly stated that it was wot
P. goiddi. Perhaps both races are found in Palawan.
1 . PELA.RGOTSIS. 101
/ .
g,h.
6 ad. sk.
c? $ ad. sk.
Zaniboanga.
Zamboanga, March. May (A.
Voy. II.M.S. <Challenger.'
Tweeddale Coll.
I Ad. sk.
II. E.).
Sulu Islands, Jan. {H. BurIi.
Veitck, Esq. [P.].
h. Abidge).
d. sk. Salok Solo, Sulu Islands Tweeddale Coll.
{A. B. Meyer). (Type of species.)
4. Pelargopsis gurial.
Halcyon leucocephala {nee Gm), MoClell. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 156;
Gray, List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 55 (1848, pt.) ; Ilorsf. Sf Moore,
Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 123 (1854, pt.); Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 222
(1862); Beavan, Ibis, 18155, p. 407 ; Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 347.
Halcyon capensis {nee L.), Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 231 (1840) ;
Blyth, Ann. $ May. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 94 (1843); Gray, Cat. Mamm.
etc. Nepal ores. Ilodgs. p. 56 (1846) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 92,
no. 1103 (1869).
Halcyon gurial, Pears. J. A. S. Beng. x. p. 633 (1841); Blyth, Cat.
B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 47 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 155 (1850); Irby,
Ibis, 1861, p. 228; Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 30.
Alcyon capensis vel princeps, Ilodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mns.,
Passeres, pi. 15. fig. 1 (no. 221): id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 82
(1844).
Halcyon brunniceps, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xiii. p. 143 (1844).
Ehamphalcyon gurial, Reichenb. Ilandb., Alced. p. 16, Taf. 426. fig.
3158 (1851, nee Taf. 399. fig. 3075).
Pelargopsis
gurial, Cab. &? Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 156 (1860)
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 66; id. Monoc/r. Alced. p. 105, pi. 34
(1870) ; Holdsxo. P. Z. S.1872, p. 423; Hume, Nests $ Eggs Ind.
B. p. 105 (1873); Ball, Sir. P. ii. p. 387 (1874); Fairb. Str.
F. iv. p. 254 (1876); Hume, Str. F. v. p. 18 (1877); Fairb. t. c
p. 394; Ball,' 8tr. F. vii. p. 203 (1878); Cripps, t. c. p. 259
Legqe, B. Ceylon, i. p. 294 (1878); Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 85
(1879) ; Brooks, t. c. p. 467; Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 49 (1880)
Butler, Cat. B. S. Bomb. Pres. p. 19 (1880); Davidson, Str. F.
x. p. 296 (1882) ; Davison, t. c. p. 351 (1883); Surinh. # Barnes,
Ibis, 1885, p. 61; McGregor, Str. F. x. p. 436 (1887); Hume, Str.
F. xi. p. 44 (1888); Oates, ed. Hume's Nests fy Eggs Ind. B. iii
p. 11 (1890).
Alcedo leucocepbala (pt), Schl.Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 13 (1863)
id. Vog. Nederl. Ind. pi. ii., left-hand lower figure (1864).
Adult male. Crown of head and nape dark chocolate-brown; sides
of neck and a collar encircling the latter, pale ochre ; upper portion
of the back and scapulars dull green, the rest of the back rich
greenish cobalt; wing-coverts dull green with a faint blue lustre ;
quills black, externally greenish blue like the tail; under surface
of body light ochreous buff, paler on the throat. Total length 14
inches, culmen 3-1, wing 6*4, tail 3-6, tarsus 05 .
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 14 inches,
culmen 3*3, wing 5-8, tail 3*7, tarsus 0-6.
Young. Similar to the adults, but having dusky margins to the
feathers of the hind neck and breast.
Ki2
ALCEDINIDJI.
Hah. Ceylon and the Peninsula of India, excepting the Northwest,
ranging eastward into Assam and Manipur. Here the colour
of the cap is somewhat lighter, and the birds show an approach to
P. hurmanica.
a. S ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. d. S ad. sk.
e,f. Ad. sk.
(/. Ad. sk.
'h. Ad. sk.
i-k. Ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk.
m-q. Ad. sk.
r.
Ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
i.
Imm. sk.
u. Imm. sk.
v, w. <$ ad. ; x.
ad. sk.
y, z. $ ad. sk.
«'. J imm. sk.
V. Ad. sk.
v'. Ad. sk.
r/'. cj1 ad. sk.
§
e>. $ ad.;/',/.
Imm. sk.
A', i'. Ad. et imm.
sk.
k', V. $ ad. sk.
MI'. $ ad. sk.
n'. cJ ad. sk.
o'. Ad. sk.
y.
$ ad.; ?'. $
imm. sk.
?•', s', S imm.; t'.
$ ad. sk.
u', v'. c? $ imm. sk.
w', .r'. 3 $ ad. sk.
?/'. Ad. sk.
s'-e". Ad. sk.
rf". Ad.sk.
e"-i". Ad. sk.
&". Ad. sk.
I", m". Ad. sk.
«'', o". <5 imm. sk.
•p", q". Ad. sk.
Mussoorie.
Kimiaun.
Dehra Doon, Dec, Jan.
Oudk, Nov., Feb.
Oudh.
Nepal.
Nepal.
Behar.
Darjiling Terai, May, Sept.,
Nov. (L. Mandelli).
Buxa Doars, Feb. (L. Mandelli),
Bhutan Dooars, April (L.
Mandelli).
Assam (Sharpe Coll.).
Assam (Dr. Griffith).
Kamroop, Assam (A. W.
Cliennell).
Gowhatti, Ass-am, Dee.,
March (W. £>.).
Dibrughur, Dec. (J. H. Cvijips).
Base of Khasia Hills (A. W.
Chennell).
Cachar (J. Inglis).
Faridpiir, April (J. H. Crijips).
Tippera, Jan.
Dacca.
Calcutta, Jan., Aug.
Calcutta, Feb. (J. JJiddulpli).
ralamow, Feb. 28 (V. Ball).
Depalpur, Jan.
Saugor, Jan.
Sumbulpnr, Feb.
J-laipur, Dec.
Seoni.
Jubbulpur.
Khandeish.
Nusseerabad, Khandeish,
Dec. 25.
West Khandeish(/. Damdsoti).
Khandeish, Dec. 29.
North Oanara, April.
South Konkan, Jan., Feb.
(/. Tided).
Madras.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Pinwill Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Cull.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Colonel C. Swinhue
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Major Yerbury [P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Rev. II. IT. Baber
[ 1M.
1. PELARGOPSIS.
r". Ad. sk. Malabar. Gould Coll.
s". S ad. sk. Calicut, Dec. (JR. 0. W. JR.] Tweeddale Coll.
t". tS iinra. sk. Mysore, Dec. 4. W. Davison, Esq.
u", v". Ad. sk. Ceylon (II. Nevill). Tweeddale Coll.
w", x". (S $ ad. sk. Ceylon, Dec, April (8. ChapTweeddale
Coll.
man),
y", z". Ad. et Ceylon, Aug., Oct. Colonel W. V. Legge
imm. sk. [P.].
a'K $ ad. sk. Cotta, Ceylon, Dec. (Hart), Hume Coll.
b*, c3. Bones of Nepal. Hodgson Coll.
trunk.
Subsp. a. Pelargopsis malaccensis.
Halcyon leucocepkala (nee GmJ), Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 268.
Pelargopsis malaccensis, Shurpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 67 ; id. Monoqr,
Alcecl. p. 107 (1871); Hume, 8lr. F. viii. p. 49 (1879); Kelham,
Ibis, 1881, p. 379.
Adult female (type o£ species). Similar to P. gurial, but much
smaller; tbe cap dark brown, wasted slightly with green; the
hind neck and und'erparts very deep ochreous. Total length 12
inches, culmen 3"2, wing 5*8, tail 2-3, tarsus 0-5.
Hob. Malayan Peninsula.
a, b. $ ad. sk. Salang, Tonka, March, May Hume Coll.
(J. Darling),
c, d. Ad. et imm. sk. Penang (Dr. Cantor). India Museum.
e. $ imm. sk. Klang, Salangore, June ( W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
f. Ad. sk. Malacca (Dr. Canto)'). India Museum.
(/. Ad. sk. Malacca. Purchased.
h. <$ imm. sk. Malacca (8harpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
i, h. Ad. et imm. Malacca, July, Aug. (W. Hume Coll.
sk. Davison).
I, m. <3 $ ad. sk. Malacca (A. JR. Wallace: Tweeddale Coll.
8harpe Coll.). (Types of species.)
n, o. Ad. sk. Malacca (JR. G. W. JR. # Dr.Tweeddale Coll.
Maingay).
p. Ad. sk. Malacca. Wallace Coll.
q, r, s. c? 2 imm. sk. Pulo Seban, Oct,, Nov. (W. Hume Coll.
Davison),
t. tf imm. sk. Kuroo, Nov. (W. D.). Hume Coll.
u. 3 ad. sk. Johore, Aug. (W. DJ). Hume Coll.
Subsp. (3. Pelargopsis floresiana.
Halcyon leucocephala (nee GmJ), Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 484.
Pelargopsis floresiana, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 68; id. Monogr.
Alced. p. Ill, pi. 36 (1870).
Adult (type of species). Similar to P. gurial, but differing in its
deeper and more ultramarine-blue colour, the deeper cobalt of the
back and rump, and especially in having the crown of the head
104
ALCEDINID.3E.
strongly washed with green. Total length 13-5 inches, culmen 3-2.
wing 5*7, tail 3-6, tarsus 0*45.
Hab. Island of Flores.
a, b, c. Ad. sk. Flores (A. JR. Wallace : Tweeddale Coll
Sharpe Coll.). (Types of species.).
d, e. Ad. sk. Flores. "Wallace Coll.
Subsp. y. Pelargopsis burmanica.
Khamphaleyon capensis (nee L.),Reichenb. Handb., Alcecl. p. 16, Taf.
399. figs. 3072-73 (1851).
Halcyon leucocephalus {nee Gm.), Horsf. Sr Moore, Cat. B. Mus.
E.I. Co. i. p. 123 (1854, pt); Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 151, 152;
Sehomb. Ibis, 1864, p. 247; JBeavan, Ibis, 1866, p. 221, 1867,
p. 318 ; Wold. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 553; Blanf. Ibis, 1870, p. 465;
Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. p. 277 (1872).
Halcyon capensis (necL.), Wold. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 315.
Pelargopsis burmanica, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 67; id. Monogr.
Alced. p. 109, pi. 35 (1870) ; Ball, Str. F. i. p. 57 (1873) ; Walden,
Ibis, 1874, p. 136; Hume, Str. F. ii. pp. 53,165; id. op. cit. iii.
p. 50 (1875); Blyth $ Wald. B. Burm. p. 70 (1875); Singh.
Str. F. v. p. 83 (1877) ; Hume # Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 73 (1878) ;
Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 85 (1879); Bingh. Str. F. ix. p. 154 (1880);
Oates, Str. F. x. p. 187 (1882); id. Handb. B. Br. Burm. ii. p. 78
(1883j ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) iv. p. 587 (1887); id.
op. cit. v. p. 571 (1888); Oates, ed. Hume's JSests if-Eggs Ind.
B. iii. p. 12 (1890).
Alcedo
leucocephala, pt.. Sold. Mus. Bays-Bas, Alced. Bevue, p. 7
(1874).
Adult (type of species). Crown of head clear albescent grey;
sides of neck and a collar round the latter very deep ochre; tipper
part of back and scapulars dull green, with a faint blue shade here
and there, the quills and tail-feathers being decidedly more blue;
entire back and rump very rich cobalt; entire under surface very
deep ochre: " bill dark red, brown at the tip ; mouth dark salmon-
red ; feet a paler red than the bill; claws horn-colour; iris dark
brown ; eyelids pinkish fleshy, the edges red " (E. W. Oates), Total
length 14 inches, culmen 3*4, wing 6, tail 3*8, tarsus 0*5.
The colour of the cap in P. hurmanica varies in intensity of grey,
and sometimes the
specimens show an approach to the colour of
P. gurial, while at other times they strongly resemble F, fraseri.
Those from Pegu are especially pale, but the lightest in colour are
birds from the Andamans.
Hab. Andaman Islands, Burmah, and Tenasserim, ranging into
the north of the Malayan Peninsula, and eastwards into Siam and
Cambodia and Cochin China.
a, b, c. S ad.; d. South Andamans, Feb., March Tweeddale Coll.
$ ad. sk. (B. G. W. R.)
e. Ad. sk. Andamans, June (B. C. Beavan). Tweeddale Coll.
/,
g. $ ad. sk. Andamans, Aug., Oct. (B. J. Wim- Hume Coll.
herley).
1. PELARGOPSIS. 10 5
h. $ ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
k. Imm. sk.
I,TO,7i. Imm. sk.
o. $ imra.sk.
p. j mini, sk.
q, r. J1 ad et
imm. sk.
s. c? irnru. sk.
t. Ad. sk.
M, v. c? ad. sk.
?«. Ad. ; .r, ?/.
Imra. sk.
z. Imm. sk.
a', c? imm. sk.
&', c', a". $ imm.
sk.
e'-«'. c? ad.; A;',
?. $ ad. sk.
m'. <S ad. sk.
ri, o',p'. c? ad.
Macpkerson's Straits, March. (A.
0. U.).
Tonghoo (Z>e JFift).
Tonghoo.
Tonghoo, Feb., March (E. O.
W. JR.).
Yaytko, June (22. ff. W. JR.).
Karen-nee, March (22. £. 7F.22.).
Aracan Hills (J?. W. O.).
Pegu, Dec. (22. G. W. JR.).
Pegu Hills, Apxil (R W. Oates).
Pegu, March (E. W. 0.).
Rangoon, March (E. W. 0.).
Mouth of Irawady River, March.
Kyouknyat, Tenasserim, Jan. 27
{W. Bauison).
Pahpoon, Jan. (W. B.).
Kaukaryit, June to Sept. (J. Dar
ling').
Younzaleen Creek, Feb. 28 ( W. B.).
Salween River, Jan., July (W. B.
et imm.; q', ?•'. <§* C. T. Bingham).
2 ad. sk.
s'. $ ad. sk.
t'-z'. 2 ad. et
imm. sk.
a",b". <S ad.;c".
2 ad. et imm.
sk.
rf". $ ad. sk.
e". cJ ad. sk.
/",/'• 2 ad. sk.
7i". c? imm. sk.
i''. 2 ad. sk.
k". 2 imm. sk.
I". 2 ad. sk.
?n". c? imm. sk.
n",o",p".(S ad.;
</'. $ imm. sk.
r",«". 6 2 ad.
sk.
?!". # imm. sk.
2 a<i.
et imm. sk.
a:". 2 imm. sk:
y
u",v",w".
,as. <$ ad.
et imm. sk.
bs. $ ad. sk.
c3. c? ad. sk.
(P. S imm. sk.
e\ Ad. sk.
Khyketo,Jan. (/F.D.).
Thatone, Nov., Dec, Jan. ( W. B.).
Wimpong, Dec. (W. B.).
Assoon, Feb. ( W. Limhorg).
Kanee (W. B.).
J£ogo, Houngthraw River, Jan.
(W.B.).
Houngthraw River, Dec. ( W. Lim
horg).
Moumenzeik, March 11 (W. B.).
Pabyouk, March 13 (W. B.).
Karope, March ( W. B.).
Meetan, Feb. 13 ( W. B.).
Amherst, Jan. July, Dec. (W. B.).
Yea, April (W. B.).
Yeaboo, Dec. (J. Barling).
Tavoy, Nov., March, April
(W.B.)
Mergui, Nov. (W. B.).
Pakchan,Dec, Jan. (W. B.).
Bankasoon, May (W. B.).
Kossoum, Tonka, July (J. Barling).
Salang, March (J. B.).
Mt. Sabab, Siam (Moulwt).
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
(Type of species.)
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Gould Coll.
106 ALCEDIXIIU].
fA . All. sk. Meklony, Siaiu. II. C. V. Hunter,
(f. S ad. fek. Bangkok, Siam, April 4 (Capt.
Esq. i P.].
R. 13. Sharpe,
A3 . Ad. sk.
CWw7).
Saigon, Cochin China.
' LL.D. [P.].
M. E. Pierre
i\ Ad. Bk. Cambodia (Mouhot). Tweeddale Coll.
Subsp. o. Pelargopsis fraseri *
Alcedo leucoeephala (nee Gm.)) Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 174
(1821): Raffl. i.e. p. 203; SchlMus. Pays-Box, Alced. p. 13
(180-3, pt.) ; id. op. ait. Revue, p. 7 (1874); Vorderm. Nat. Tijdschr.
Nederl. Ind. slii. p. 42 (1882).
Halcyon capensis (nee L.), Eyton, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 101.
llhaniphalcyon javana (nee Bodd.), Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 17,
Taf. 398 B. fig. 3406(1851).
Halcyon leucocephalus (nee Gm.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mits. As. Soo.
p. 40 (1840); Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 123
(1854, pt.).
Alcedo amauroptera (nee Pears.), Schl. Yog. Nederl. Ind., Alced.
pi. 2, central lower figure (1864).
Pelargopsis fraseri, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 05 ; id. Monogr. Alced.
p. 103, pi. 33 (1871); Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 290; Salvad. Ann.
Mus. Civ. Gcnov. xiv. p. 194 (1879); Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. 56,
1883, p. 243.
Pelargopsis burmanica (nee Sharpe), Hume, Sir. F. viii. p. 49(1870).
Dacelo leucoeephala (nee Gm.), Sncllem. in Vittis Midden Sumatra,
p. 35 (1885).
Pelargopsis javana (nee Bodd.), Biittik. Notes Leaden Mus. ix. p. 37
(1887)._ '
Pelargopsis leucoeephala, Vorderm. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xlix.
p. 394 (1890).
Adult. Similar to P. hunnanica, and -with a similar ashy cap,
but less distinctly pronounced; the colour of the upper surface not
so distinctly green, but greenish blue: "bill dark vermilion-red,
* I am unable to determine which species should bear the name of Pelargopsis
capensis (Linn), to which belongs the following synonymy :—
Le
Martin-pescheur du Cap de Bonne Esperance, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 4SS
pi. 36. fig. 3 (1760).
Martin-pecheur du Cap de Bonne Esperance, Dauhent. PI. Enl. viii. pi.
590.
Le Martin-pecheur a gros bee, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 184 (17F0).
Alcedo capensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 180 (17G0, ex Briss.); Bodd. Tahl.
PL Enl. p. 36 (1783).
Cape Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syst. i. pt. 2, p. 610 (1782).
Halcyon capensis, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 335 (1837); Gray, Gen. B. i.
p. 79 (1846); Bp. Consp. i. p. 154 (1850).
When I wrote my ' Monograph' I was under the impression that Brisson's
figure and description best suited the Kingfisher from Flores, principally
on account of its greenish bead; and I referred Daubenton's plate to my
P. floresiatia. I am now of opinion that the latter figure is made up from
Brisson's figure and his description combined, and that it is impossible to recognize
for which species it was intended.
2. UKBYLE.
107
black at the tip; feet bright coral-red, claws darker horn-colour;
eyelids coral-reel; iris brownish black" (Dr. Vordennan). Total
length 12 inches, oilmen 3, wing 5-75, tail 3*5, tarsus U-6.
Hal. Java, Sumatra, Uilliton, and Borneo, as well as the Malayan
Peninsula.
a. Ad. sk. Penang (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
b, c. Ad. et Malacca, Aug. (22. <?. TF.i?.). Tweeddale Coll.
inmi. sk.
d, e. Ad. et Malacca, July ( TV. Damson). Hume Coll.
imm. sk.
/ . d ad. sk. Pulo Nwnge,a, Nov. 27 (If. Hume Coll.
(j. Ad. sk. Singapore, Jan. 20. Dr. A. McKinav
h. Ad.sk. Sumatra. Wallace Coll.
i. Ad. sk. Sumatra. Tweeddale Coll.
h. tf ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk.
in, n, o. Ad. sk.
p. S ad. &k.
q. Ad. sk.
Siedjounjong, Sept (Ca?'l Bock),
Lampong (E. C. Buxton).
Java (Dr. Uomjield).
Java (Leyden Mut,.).
Java.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
'/•. § ad. sk. E Java. Wallace Coll.
s. Ad. sk. Billiton. Tweeddale Coll.
t. Ad.; u. Juv. Borneo. Rajah Brooke [P.].
sk.
u. Ad. sk. Labuan (J. Motley: Shurpe Tweeddale Coll.
Coll.).
2. CEEYLE.
Type.
Ceryle, Boie, Ms, 1828, p. 316 C. rudis.
Ispida, Sicains. Classif. B. ii. p. S26 (1887) C. alcyon.
Megaceryle, Kaup, Fam. Msv. p. 8 (1818) C. guttata.
Chloroceryle, Kat/p, t. o. p. 8 (1848) C. superciliosa.
Amazonis, lieichb. JZandb., Alced. p. 28 (1851) C. superciliosa.
Streptoceryle, Bp. Consp. Vohtcr. Anis. p. 10 (1854). C~. torquata.
Icktkynomus, Cab. fy Heine, Mm. Mein. Th. ii. p. 150
(1860) O. maxima.
Range. The countries of the Mediterranean; the whole of the
Ethiopian and Indian regions, extending through China to Japan.
The whole of the Now AVorld.
Key
to the Species.
A.
Without any green in the plumage, which is
black and white or grey.
a.
Upper surface black and white, or greyish
black and white (not slaty grey), barred
across with black.
a'.
Size smaller; tail with white base.
a". With a double black band across the
breast.
108
ALCEDTNIDJE.
a'". White base of tail with black spots;
no black spots on throat; flanks
streaked with black
b'". No black spots on white base of tail;
throat spotted with black; flanks
with round spots of black
b". With no second pectoral band of
black; sides of upper breast with a
black patch not forming a pectoral
band.
c'". Base of tail white, with black spots..
d'". Base of tail white, without black
spots
V.
Size larger; tail black, barred with white,
but not having a white base,
c". Under wing-coverts and axillaries white,
with a few spots of blackish.
d".
Under wing-coverts and axillaries pale
rufous
b.
Upper surface light or dark slaty grey or slaty
blue,
e'. With a pectoral band of rufous ; abdomen
and under tail-coverts white, spotted with
black,
e". Back dark slaty grey, plentifully spotted
with whitef". Back dark slaty grey, almost uniform,
not spotted with whited'. Breast and abdomen chestnut.
g". Fore neck spotted with black, forming
a band, which is separated from the
chestnut abdomen bv a band of white;
under tail-coverts chestnut
h".
No black on fore neck.
e'".
A broad band of slaty blue across the
fore neck, succeeded by a white band;
under tail-coverts chestnut
ricdis S, p. 109.
varia <$, p. 112.
rudis $ , p. 100.
varia $ , p. 112.
lugubris 3, p. 115.
lugubris $, p. 115.
maxima J , p. 118.
sharpii $, p. 120.
. n -,, Q
\ mea™a% llb
> P-
( sha,^n ?> P-12°
, . . Q ,„
\ °Jf,U! l'0*' P\.T0 *
/"' . No gr y band on fore neck, which is (stellata ¥, P-Uo.
chestnut like the rest of the underparts.
«4. Under tail-coverts almost entirely
white, with sometimes a few grey
spots
51. Under tail-coverts thickly barred
with grey, like the vent and abdomen
e'.
Breast and abdomen as well as the under
tail-coverts white; abroad pectoral band
of grey ( J ), with a second band of rufous
across lower breast, and flanks also rufous
($)
B. Upper surface green.
c. Throat white like the abdomen.
/' .
Larger; tail without white at the base,
the outer tail-feather barred with white
to the base
torquata <^, p. 121.
stellata cS^p. 123.
aleyon, p. 124.
amazona <$ $, p.120.
2. CEETIE.
109
g'. Smaller ; tail white at the base, the greater
part of the inner web white americana & allies,
d.
Throat chestnut, a little lighter only than the [pp. 181-134.
ahdomen.
//. Larger; abdomen deep, chestnut lite the
breast; male without any pectoral band;
female with a green Band across the
breast inda, p. 137.
i'. Smaller; abdomen white.
i". Under surface of body chestnut (d>), or
chestnut with a green band across the
chest ( $) ; no green spots on the sides
of the white abdomen.
g'". Wings externally uniform, not spotted
with white or buff superciliosa, p. 138.
h'". Wings externally spotted with white
or fulvous stictoptera, p. 139.
h".
Under surface of body chestnut, but
having the white abdomen bordered
with green spots on its upper pectoral
margin cequatorkdis, p. 140.
1. Ceryle rudis.
The Black and White Kingfisher, Edwards, Nat. Hist. B. i. p. 9,
pi. 9 (1743); Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 612 (1782).
Le Martin-Pescheur blanc etnoir, _5mso«, Orn. iv. p. 520, pi. xxxix.
fig. 2 (1760).
Alcedo rudis, Linn. Sijst. Nat. i. p. 181 (1766) ; Gm. Syst. Nat. i.
p. 457 (1788); Vieill. N. Did. d'Hist. Nat. xix. p. 409 (1818, pt.) ;
Temm. Man. cPOrn. iii. p. 294 (1835); Gould, B. Eur. ii. pi. (52
(1837); Keys, u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. 149 (1840); 8eU. Rev.
Crit. p. 11 (1844); E. C. Taylor, Ibis, 1869, p. 47; Linderm.
For/. Griechenl. p. 43 (I860); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 2
(1863, pt.) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1866, p. 84; Danf. Ibis, 1878, p. 7.
Martin-pecheur hupe" du Cap de Bonne Esp6rance, jDaulent. PI. Enl.
viii. pi. 710.
Martin-pecheur de Senegal, Daubent. t. c. pi. 62.
Ceryle rudis, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 316; Mulile, Orn. Griechenl. p. 31
(1844) ; Hupp. Syst. Uebers. p. 23 (1845); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 82
(1847, pt.); id. LisfFissir. Brit. Mus. p. 60 (1848, pt.); Bp.
Consp. l. p. 159 (1850, pt.); Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 20, Taf.
408. fig. 3097 (1851); Cass. Cat. Kale. Philad. Mus. p. 6 (1852,
pt.); Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 10 (1854, pt.); Hartl. Orn. Westufi-.
p. 37 (1857) ; Grill, Zool. Antechn. pp. 11, 46 (1858) ; Cass. Proc.
Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 34 ; Tristr. Ibis, 1859, p. 27; Gurney, t. c.
p. 245; Cab. $ Heine, Mus. LTein. Th. ii. p. 148 (1860); Hartl.
J.f.O. 1861, p. 105 ; Allen, Ibis, 1862, p. 360 ; Adams, Ibis, 1864,
pp 15, 237 ; Kirk, t. c. p. 235 ; Lm/ard, B. S. Afr. p. 67 (1867) ;
Taylor, Ibis, 1867, p. 56 ; Degl. 8f Gerbe, Orn. Eur. i. p. 177 (1867);
Loche, Expl. Sci. AlgSr., Ois. ii. p. 93 (1867); Gray, Hand-l B.
i. p. 97, no. 1181 (1869); Sharpe, Ibis. 1869, pp. 282, 385 ; Ayres,
t. c. p. 290; Heugl, Orn. NO.-Afr. i. p. 184 (1869); JDoderl.
Avif. Sicil. p. 57 (1869); Blanf. Geol. # Zool. Abyss, p. 325
(1870); Finsch # Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 175 (1870); Eritsch,
110 ALCEDIXID-E.
Toy. Eur. tab. xv. fig. 11 (1870); Sharpe, Monogr. Alcecl. p. 01,
pi. 10 (1871, pt.); id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 003; Saunders, Ik's, 1871,
p. 07 ; Gumey in Afiderss. B. Dam.-Ld. p. 59 (1872) ; Shelley. B.
Egypt, p. 107 (1872); id. $ Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 286; Uljier,
ibis, 1874, p. 79; Buckley, t. c. p. 304; Dresser, B. Eur. v. p. 125,
pi. 291 (1873) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 09; Reichen. J.f.O. 1875,
pp. 16, 49 ; Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. pp. 110, 607 (1875-84) ;
id. § Bouvier, Bull. Sue. Zool. France, i. p. 40 (1870); Blanf. East.
Pers. ii. p. 122 (1870); Reichen. J.f 0.1STT, p. 20; Fischer,
t. c. p. 425 ; Socage, Orn. Auc/ola, p. 97 (1877) ; Danf. Ibis, 1877,
p. 202; Cab. J.f.O. 1878, p. 235; Fischer <§• Reichen. f.c.p. 253;
Fischer, t. c. p. 289; Nichols. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 355; Fischer,
J.f.O. 1879, p. 293; Oust. Nouv. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. p. 80 (1879);
Ayres, Ifjis, 1880, p. 202; Sharpe in Oates1 Matabele-Land, App.
p. 306 (1831); Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 508; Solub $ Pelz.
Beitr. Orn. Sudafr. p. 04 (1882); Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 244;
Butler, Feilden, \ Reid, Zool. 1882, p. 206; Sal v. Cat. Strickl.
Coll. p. 410 (1882, pt.); Forbes, Ibis, 1883, p. 523; Marti. Abhancll.
?iat. Ver. Bremen, viii. p. 207 (1883); Bohm, J. f. 0.1883,
p. 172 ; Schahio, t. c. p. 349; Tristr. Faun, fy Flor. Palest, p. bti
(1884); Fisher, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. p. 301 (1884); Sulrad.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) i. p. Ill (1884) ; Bilttik. Notes Ley den
Mm. vii. p. 101 (1885), viii. p. 249 (1880), x. p. 70 (18-8), xi.
p. 07 (1889); Fischer, J. f. 0. 1885, p. 120; Uurtert, J. f. 0.
1880, p. 594; Oint. Bibl. haut Etudes, xxxi. Art. x. p. 3 (1880);
Reichen. J.f. 0.1887, p. 01 ; Matschie, t. c. p 151 ; Schulow, t. c.
p. 230; Symonds, Ibis, 1887,p. 327; Souza,Jora. LUi. I."—7. p. 42 ;
Bocaqe, t. c. p. 97; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Guiov. (2) iv. p. 5-0 (lfe^7\
\i . p.'222 (1888) ; Gwllem. Ibis, ltvfe>, p. 102; Shelby, t. c. p. 2511 i:
Lilford, t. c. p. 331 ; Eoenic/, J. f. O. Ib88, p. 100 ; Ta<z. Omis,
1888, p. 454; Reichen. J.f. 0. 1889, p. 270, 1,-90, p. 110.
Ispida bitcrquata, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 330 (L-37).
Ispida bicincta, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 95 (le37).
Ceryle bicincta, Reichenb. Ilandb., Alced. p. 20, Taf. 408. fiir. 3093
(1851).
Ceryle leucomelas Brehm, Tog elf. p. 51 (1855).
Alcedo bicincta, Chapm. Trav. S. Afr. ii. App. p. 409 (1663).
Adult male. General colour of upper surface black, streaked with
white on the head, the feathers of which are edged with white;
on the nape a conspicuous white patch, the feathers streaked with
black shalt-ccntres; the back black, with wThite edgings and white
bases to all the feathers, the bases of the scapulars causing a more
or less distinct shoulder-patch ; rump and upper tail-coverts black,
with a large subterrninal black spot on each feather ; wing-coverts
black, broadly edged with white, the inner greater coverts with
a large patch of wbite, tho feathers having subterrninal black
spots; primary-coverts black; primaries black, edged with white
at the tips, the secondaries black, broadly tipped with white
and barred externally with three rows of white spots, forming
di&tinct bars; the inner secondaries for the most part white,
with an irregular black mark towards the end of the outer
web; tail white at base, black for the terminal half, with a
broad white tip ; the white base of the tail-feathers chequered
by a row of black spots, forming a bar; lores, a spot below the oj e,
and a broad eyebrow white : sides of face and ear-coverts black;
2. CEEYLB.
Il l
cheeks and sides of neck white, extending backwards round the
hind neck, so as to form a nearly complete collar; uuder surface
of body white, with two bands, one across the breast very broad,
narrowing towards the centre, and an inferior narrower band across
the lower breast;
flanks also mottled with black spots; upper
wing-coverts, asillaries, and inner lining of quills white : " bill and
legs black; iris dark brown" (G. E.Shelley). Total length 105
inches, culmen 2*5, wing 5*7, tail 3-1, tarsus 035 .
' Adult female. Similar to the male, but wanting the second,
inferior, pectoral band ; the upper pectoral band also being incom
plete, and represented by two large black patches, one on each side
of the upper breast. Total length 105 inches, culmen 2-55, wing
5-3, tail 3, tarsus 0-35.
Breeding birds are always much darker than those killed at other
seasons of the year, by reason of the wearing away of the white
margins to the feathers.
Young birds are easily distinguished by their shorter bills, greyish-
black pectoral bands, and by having the feathers of the louver
throat and fore neck edged with dusky blackish.
Hah. The Eastern countries of the Mediterranean, eastward to the
Persian Gulf. The whole of Africa.
a-d. Ad. sk. River Gambia (Sharpe Coll.). Tweedd.ile Coll.
e. Imm. sk. Bath my t (Quia). Sharpe Cull.
f,g.6%
ad. sk. Gold Coast, Sept. 23 (Sitt-Sharpe Coll.
tenu).
h. i. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. Shelley Coll.
7c. Ad.sk. Naq.ua River (II. T. Usshcr). ShelleV Coll.
I, m. 2 ad. sk. Accra, May (J. Smith). Shelley Cull.
n. Ad. sk. Lagos.
Sir A. Moloney [P.].
o. Ad. sk. River Niger (Dr. Balkie). Sharpe Coll.
p.
Ad. sk. Caraaroons Mts., Feb. 4 (A. Sharpe Coll.
Crussley).
q. Ad. sk. Gaboon (Du Chnillu). Tweeddale Coll.
r. Ad. sk. Angola (Hamilton). Sharpe Coll.
s. § ad.; t, u, v. Galungo, Angola, Aug, Sept. Sharpe Coll.
6 juv. sk. {Said).
v\ S ad. sk. Great Naamqua-Land, May Sharpe Coll.
(C. J. Andersson).
x. $ ad. sk. Cape Colony (E. L. Layard). Sharpe Coll.
y,z. $ ad. etjuv. Knysna, Dec, Jan. (C. J. A.). Sharpe Coll.
sk.
a'. £ ad. sk. Krconstnd, Orange Free State, Gurney Coll.
Jan. (F. Symonds).
6'. Ad. sk. Durban, Natal (Gordge). Shelley Coll.
c', d'. Ad. sk. Upper Umlaas River Shelley Coll. •
(Gordge).
e'. <$ ad. sk. Transvaal (T. Ay res). A. Foresman, Esq.
[P.].
/',/ . c?$ ad.sk. Transvaal (T. Ayres). Sharpe Coll.
K. d1 ad. sk. High Veldt, Transvaal, Dec. 7 W.E.&C.G. Oates,
(F. Oates). Esqrs. [P.].
i', k', r. Ad. sk. Makalaka Country (Dr. Brad-Shelley Coll.
shaw).
m'. Ad. sk. Zambesi (Dr. Moiler). Tweeddale Coll.
112
ALCEDINID^.
n',, Ad. sk. Tete, Zambesi (Sir J. Kirk), Livingstone Exped.
o'. Ad. sk. Pangani River (Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.
P'-Ad. sk. Par-es-Salaam (F. C BuxShelley
Coll.
ton).
q\, $ ad. sk. Lamu, Sept. 9. F. J. Jackson, Esq.
[P.].
r'. c? ad. sk. Mtoni, E. Africa, March (F. Emin Pasha [P.].
Bohndorff).
s'. Ad. sk. White NiJe (J. Petherick). Tweeddale Coll.
t'. c? imm. sk. Dongolo, TigrS, May 18. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[O-].
u',
, tf ad.; v',101, Egypt, March, May (G. F. 8.). Shelley Coll.
£ ad.; x'. <$
juv. sk.
y'-' Ad. sk. Egypt. Sir J. Bowring [P.],
a'. $ ad. sk. Tyre. Canon Tristram [C],
a", b". c? ad.; Plains of Gennesaret. Canon Tristram [C.J.
c", d". Juv. sk.
e". cf ad. sk. Palestine, March 16 (H. B. Seebohm Coll.
Tristram).
'. Ad. sk. Harpaca, Anatolia, Asia Minor, Seebohm Coll.
f
Jan. (C. G. Banford).
9". Ad.sk. Smyrna (Huet du Pavilloti). Gould Coll.
h"-1". Ad. sk. Mesopotamia (Commander India Museum.
Jones).
m ". $ ad. sk. Near Shiraz. Sir O. St. John [C.].
n"', o". $ ad. sk. Fao, Persian Gulf, Oct. 18. W. D. Cumming,
Esq. [C.].
P". Sternum. Abyssinia. W. T. Blanford, E<r.
[0.]-
Subsp. a. Ceryle varia.
Alcedo rudis (nee I.), Vieill N. Diet. d'Hist. JSTat. six. p. 409 (1818,
pt.); FranU. P.Z. S. 1831, p. 116; Si/kes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 84 ;
McClell. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 156; SeM. Alus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 2
(1863, pt.); id. op. cit. Remie, p. 1 (1874).
Ispida rudis (nee L.), Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 232 (1840).
Ceryle varia, Strickl. Ann. § Maq. Nat. Mist. vi. p. 418 (1841) ; id.
P. Z. S. 1842, p. 167; Cab. % Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 148
(I860); Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) iv. p. 585 (1887).
Alcyon rudis, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, pi. 18. fig. 2
(no. 365); id. in Gray's Zool Misc. p. 82 (1844).
Cervle rudis
(nee I.), Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc. Nepal pres. Hodgs.
pt 57 (1846); id. Gen. B. i. p. 82 (1847, pt.); id. List Fissir.
Brit. Mus. p. 60 (1848); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 49
(1849, pt.); Bp. Camp. i. p. 159 (1850, pt.); Horsf. $ Moore,
Cat. B. Mus. F.I. Co. i. p. 131 (1854, pt.); Swinh. Ibis, 1860,
p. 49, 1861, p. 31; Irby, t.o. p. 228; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 232
(1862) ; Swinh. Ibis, 1866, pp. 292, 408; Blyth, t. c. p. 349 ;
Godw.-Aust. J. A. S. Beng. xxxix. p. 95 (1870); Sioinh. Ibis,
1870, p. 92; Blanf. i.e. p. 466; id. J. A. S. Beng. xl. p. 271
(1871); Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 347; Sharjie, Monogr. Alced.
p. 61 (1871); Stoliczka, J. A. S. Beng. xli. p. 232 (1872);
Holdm. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 424; Hume, Nests fy Fqgs Ind. B.
p. 109 (1873); id. Str. F. i. pp. 93, 103,118, 170 (1873); Adam,
t. c. p. 372; Swinh. Ibis, 1873, p. 361 : Hayes Lloyd, t. c. p. 407 ;
2 . OERYLE.
113
Ball, Str. F. ii. p. 387 (1874); Hume, t. c. p. 470; id. Str. F.
iii. p. 52 (1875); Butler, t. c. p. 456; Blyth $ Wold. B. Burm.
p. 71 (1875); Fairb. Str. F. iv. p. 254 (1876); Godio.-Aust
J. A. S. Beng. xlv. p. 69 (1876); Hume, Str. F. v. p. 19 (1877);
Oates, t. c. p. 143; David fy Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 77 (1877);
Hume fy Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 85 (1878) ; Davids. §• Wenden,
Str. F. vii. p. 77 (1878); Hume, t. c. p. 97; Ball, t. c. p. 204:
Cripps, t. e. p. 261; Legge, B. Ceylon, l. p. 288 (1878); Anders,
Rep- Zool. Coll. Yunnan, p. 580 (1878) ; Hume, Str. F. viii.
pp. 50, 86 (1879); Scully, t. e. p. 238; Scrope Doig, t. c. p. 370;
Butler, Cat. B. Sind etc. p. 17 (1879); Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 50
(1880); Bingham, t. e. p. 156; Butler, t. c. p. 383; id. Cat. B.
S. Bomb. Pres. p. 20 (1880) ; C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 102; Oates,
Handb. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 87 (1883); Reid, Str. F. x. p. 22
(1883) ; Oates, t. c. p. 188; Davidson, t. c. p. 256; Davison, t. c.
p. 352; Murray, Vertebr. Faun. Sind, p. 112 (1884); Swinh. fy
Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 61; Styan, Ibis, 1887, p. 230; Taylor, Str.
F. x. p. 457 (1887); Cordeaux, Ibis, 1888, p. 224; Hume, Str. F.
xi. p. 47 (1888); Oates, ed. Hume's Nests <§• Eggs Ind. B. p. 8
(1890).
Oeryle leuconielanura,
Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 21, Taf. 409 B.
fig. 3488 (1851).
Adult male. Similar to Q. rudis, but generally distinguished by a
more distinct black malar line, by having the throat distinctly
marked with large spots of black, by having the flanks very
distinctly spotted with black rabber than streaked, and especially
by the white base of the tail not showing any black bars: " bill
black, the mouth inside fleshy yellow; feet black; iris dark
brown" (J. E. Cripps). Total length 11*5 inches, culmen 2*6,
wing 5-5, tail 2-9, tarsus 0*45.
Adult female. Differs from the female of C. rudis in the same
way that the male does. Total length 11-5 inches, culmen 2*5,
wing 5-6, tail 3*25, tarsus 0*5.
Hob. Prom Baluchistan to Sind, and over the whole of the Indian
Peninsula and Ceylon eastwards to China.
a. Ad. sk.
b, c. Ad. sk.
d. S ad. sk,
e,f. <$ ad. sk.
g. $ ad. sk.
h, i. c? ad. sk.
Quetta, Nov. (O. T. Duke).
Sind (Dr. H. Gould).
Kutta Dhera, Upper Sind,
Feb. {A. O. H).
Larkhana, Jan. (A. O. H.).
Sukhur, Dec. 30 (A. O. H.).
Chenab Kiver, Dec. (A. O.H.).
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
h. 9 ad. sk.
I. 2 ad- sk.
Shahpur, Jhelum River, Nov.
25 (A. O. H.).
Eoree, Sind.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
m. Ad. sk.
n. 2 ad. sk.
Kutch (Dr. Stoliczka).
Dhoraii, Kathiawar, Mar. 23.
Hume Coll.
Col. Hayes Lloyd
[P-]o.
c? ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
Deesa, April 1 (E. A. Butler).
Mount Abu (E. A. B.).
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
q. 2 ad. sk.
r, s. d1 2 ad. sk.
Oodeypore, Feb. 13 (A.O.H.).
Sambkur, Jan., Aug. (R. M.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll
VOL. xvir.
Adam).
t. $ ad. sk.
u. <$ ad.; v, w. $
ad. sk.
x, y. $ ad. sk.
«. $ ad. sk.
a'. Ad. sk.
5'. Ad. sk.
</. J juv. sk,
d'. $ ad. sk.
e'. J ad. sk.
/', (/• d 2 ad. sk.
h'. Ad. sk.
i'. Ad. sk.
&', Z'. Ad. sk.
m', n'. c? $ ad. sk.
o', j?', q'. Ad. sk.
r'. tJ ad. sk.
*'. <S ad. j t', u'. $
ad. sk.
t-'. Ad. sk.
?c'. Ad. sk.
•r'j .'/'• c? $ ad. sk.
s',«". c? $ ad. sk.
J". $ ad. sk.
c", d". <$ ad.; e",
f". 2 ad. sk.
gT. $ juv.sk.
A", z". tf $ ad. sk.
k", I", d ad. sk.
m", n". <$ $ ad. st.
o", $ ad. sk.
JO". $ ad. sk.
g". cJ ad. sk.
r", s". c? ad. sk.
f% u". <J ad. &k.
D". $ ad", sk.
w",x". d $ ad.sk.
y". $ ad, sk.
»", a3, c? ad. sk.
V, c\ d 2 ad. sk.
d33
, e. cf $ ad. sk.
/3. (J ad. sk.
#3. <J ad. sk.
A3. <J ad. sk.
ALCKDIKIM).
Delhi.
Gurgaon District, Nov,, Jan,
(W. N. Chill).
Sirza, Nov., Dec.
Murdan, Dec.
Kashmir.
Kashmir {Dr. Belletc),
R. Jumna {Dr. ticott).
Etawah.
Allahabad, Nov. S.
Chumparun District, April
(i2. J/. Adam).
Behar.
Saugor (Hooper).
Kamptee.
Mhow, June, Nov.
Khandeish.
Khandeish, Nov. 25 (J*.
Davidson).
"Wadale, Ahinednuggur Dis
trict, Nov. (S. B. Fairbank).
Deccan {Burr/ess),
Deccan {Si/kes).
Calicut.
Anjaniro, Travancore, Dec.
Vellarney, Nov.
Cejlon {H. Xevill §• S. Chapman).
South Province, Ceylon,
March ( W. V. Ltyge).
Madras.
Madras.
Madras.
Calcutta, Jan.
Dacca.
Dinapur (IF. K Brooks).
Nepal.
Darjiling Terai, Dec, Jan.
{L. Mandelli).
Buxa Dooars, Feb. (L. M.).
Bhootan Dooars, Jan., Feb.
{L. M.).
Kamroop, Assam {A. W.
Chmnell),
Sadhyia, June (J. Cockburn).
Dibrughur, Jan., May {J. R.
Crijips).
Kalleejung, Brahmaputra
River, Dec. (W. Davison).
Cachar (J. Inqlis).
Sylhet, Jan. 24 {A. O. II.).
Manipur, April 1 (.4, O. II.).
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
E. M. Langworthy,
Esq. [P.j.
India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hodgson ColL
India Museum.
Dr. B, Hinde [P.],
Col. Swinhoe [P.j.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
nunie Coll.
Gould Coll.
India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
F. Bourdillon, Esq.
EC].
Tweeddale Coll.
R. B. Sharpe, LL.D.
[P.].
Goidd Coll.
Rev. H. H. Baber
[P.].
Rev. H. H. Baber
[P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hodgson Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hume ColL
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hume ColL
2. CEKYLE.
115
i3. <S ad. sk.
7c3. <d ad. sk.
Is, m\ S $ ad. sk.
ns. cJ imm. sk.
o3. $ ad. sk.
j)3. d ad. sk.
f/3. $ ad. sk.
r3, s3. d ad. sk.
<3. $ ad. sk.
u3, v3, ?«3. <d ad.;
a;3. $ ad. sk.
y3. $ ad. sk.
»3, «J. d $ ad. sk.
b\ c\ d $ ad. sk.
rf1. d1 ad. sk.
e1. d1 ad. sk.
fK c?ad.; ^ M
$ ad. sk.
il. d1 ad. sk.
h\ 6 ad. sk.
IK S ad. sk.
«?4. $ ad. sk.
«4, ol. <S $ ad. sk.
y1. d" ad. sk.
£4. c? ad. sk.
r\ d1 ad. sk.
s4. d1 ad. sk.
tl. Bones of trunk.
Tonglioo, Nov. 13 (22. G.
W. JR.).
Thayetmayo District (JS.
W. 0.).
Lower Pegu, Nov., Dec.
Pegu, Dec. 24 (JR. G. W.JR.).
Sittaug River, Dec. 29 (JR.
G. W. JR.).
Sittaug River, Feb. (W.JDJ).
Moulmein, Dec. ( W. JD.).
Khyketo, Feb. (W. JD.).
Kaukaryit, June 2.
Kaukaryit, June, Oct. (/.
Darling).
Megaloon, Hongthraw River,
Jan. (W. JD.).
Tlieinzeik, Dec, Jan. (W. JD.).
Thatone, Dec. (W. JD.).
Amherst, Feb. (W. JD.).
Mount Sabab, Siam (Motihot).
Saigon, Cochin China.
Cambodia (Mouhot).
Canton, China (Tuckett).
Foockow, Jan. (JR. Swinhoe).
Amoy (JR. Swinhoe),
Arnoy, Dec, March. (JR.
Swinhoe).
Amoy.
Whanxpoa, April 17 (JR.
Swinhoe).
Ichang Gorge.
Hainan, Feb. (JR. Swinhoe).
Nepal.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Major C. T. Bing
ham [P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Gould Coll.
M. E. Pierre [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Gould Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Consul Swinhoe [C.].
Seebohm Coll.
C. Maries, Esq. [0.].
Seebohm Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
2. Ceryle lugutes.
Alcedo gtittatus (nee BoddJ), Vigors, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 22; Gould,
Cent. Himal. JB. pi. 5 (1832).
Alcyon guttata, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, pi. 18.
fig. 1 (no. 301); id. in Gray's Zool Misc. p. 82 (1844).
Ceryle guttata (nee JBodd.), Gray, Gen. JB. i. p. 82 (1847) ; id. List
Fimr. Brit. Mus. p. 60 (1848); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 48
(1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 159 (1850) ; JReichenb. Handb., Alced.
p. 21, Taf. 410. fig. 3104 (1851); Cass. Cat. Hah.
Philad. Mm.
p. 6 (1852) j JBJorsf.fyMoore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 132
(1854); Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 227 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 234 (1862);
Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc. Nepal pres. Hodgs. p. 57 (1863); Beavan,
Ibis, 1865, p. 408; Tijtler, Ibis, 1868, p. 196; Stoliczka, J. A. S.
Beng. xxxvii. p. 19 (1868); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 57, pi. 18
(1869); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 97, no. 1183 (1869); Jerd. Ibis,
1872, p. 4; Swinh. Ibis, 1873, p. 361,1875, p. 449; Hume, Wests $
Eggs Ind. B. p. 10 (1873); id. Str. F. ii. p. 470 (1874); Blyth $
Wald. B. Burm. p. 71 (1875); Godio.-Aust. J. A. S. Beng. xlv.
p. 69 (1876); Hume, Str. F. v. p. 19 (1877) ; Blakist. 8? Pryer,
Ibis,
1878, p. 229 j Godtcin-Austen, J. A. S. Beng. xlvii. pt. 2, p. 14
i2
116
ALCEDTNlBJil.
(1878) j Hume $ Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 85 (1878), viii. p. 86
(1879); Bingham, t. c. p. 193, is. p. 156 (1880); Oates, Handb.
B. Br. Burm. ii. p. 76 (1883); Blakist. Amended List B. Japan,
p. 14 (1884); C. H. T. Marshall, Ibis, 1884, p. 409 ; Styan, Ibis,
1887, p. 230; Hume, Str. F. ad. p. 48 (1888); Seebohm, B. Japan.
Emp. p. 174 (1890); Oates, ed. Hume's Nests $ Eggs Ind. B.
iii. p. 6 (1890).
Alcedo lugubris, Temm. PL Col. iv. pi. 548 (1834) ; Schl. Mus.
Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 2 (1863).
Alcedo (Ceryle) lugubris, Temm. § Schl. Faun. Jap., Aves, p. 77,
pi. 38 B (ISoO).
Ceryle lugubris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 160 (1850) ; Reichenb. Handb.,
Alced. p. 22, Taf. 408. figs. 3099-3100 (1851) ; Sicinh. P. Z. S.
1863, p. 333 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 97, no. 1184 (1869) ; Sharpe,
Monogr. Alced. p. 59 (1869); Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 348; id.
Ibis, 1873, pp. 96, 361; David & Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 78, pi. 10
(1877); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 600, 1888, p. 463.
Megaceryle
guttata, Kaup, Fam. Eisv. p. 8 (1848) ; Bp. Consp.
Valuer. Ants. p. 10 (1854); Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii.
p. 149 (1860).
Megaceryle lugubris, Bp. t. c. p. 10 (1854); Cab. §• Heine, i. c.
p. 149 (1860).
Adult male. Head crested, black, varied with white spots, some
of the central crest-feathers being pure white: rest of upper
surface of body ashy grey, banded with white ; wing-coverts black,
spotted with white; quills, upper tail-coverts, and tail black,
banded with white; round the hind neck a broad white collar;
sides of face and ear-coverts black, the feathers varied with white
margins ; cheeks pure white, as well as the throat; these parts
separated from each other by a line of black, which commences
on the chin and follows the malar line till it joins the pectoral
band; on the hinder cheeks this band is tinged with brick-red;
across the chest is a band of black-and-white spotted feathers of
varying pattern, but washed with brick-red ; breast, abdomen, and
under tail-coverts white, the sides of the body barred with ashy
black, a few bars also visible on the lateral under tail-coverts;
under wing-coverts and axillaries white, with a few shaft-streaks
and spots of black. Total length 16-5 inches, culmen 2-9, wing 7'3,
tail 4-2, tarsus 0-4
Adult female. Similar to the male, but wanting the brick-red
colour on the hinder cheeks and pectoral band. The axillaries and
long under wing-coverts are pale rufons, the coverts near the edge
of the wing being white; the sides of the body also slightly tinged
with rufous, and having a few indistinct ashy bars: " bill black,
greenish at the base; legs and feet olive-green ; iris dark brown "
{Hume, MSB.). Total length 14-5 inches, culmen 2-8, wing 7%
tail 4-2, tarsus 0-45.
Young. Similar to the adult female, but much more strongly
washed with rufous on the flanks, the under tail-coverts being also
pale rufous, lighter than the flanks and under wing-coverts ; the
pectoral band is much narrower and the black markings take the
2.
CERYLE. 117
form, of long ovate spots; both the pectoral bars and the hinder
cheeks are slightly washed with rufous.
The young male is like the old male aud has white axillaries, but
has a tinge of rufous on the sides of the body. The pectoral band
is narrower than in. the adult, and the markings are ovate. It is
evident that these markings gradually change into cross bars by
means of an alteration of the pattern of the feather instead of a
moult.
Hah. The Himalayas, eastward to the hillsand Tenasserim, and throughout the mountains
and the Corea,
<h b. 3 2 ad. sb.
•e. Ad. sk.
«?, e. 3 5 ad. sk.
/, g. 2 ad. sk.
/(, i. 3 ad.; k, $
ad. sk.
uv
i.
2 j -&k-
IK. 2 ad. sk.
n.
$ ad. sk.
o.
3 ad. sk.
p.
$ ad. sk.
q.
3 ad. sk.
r.
3 ad. sk.
•s. c? ad. sk.
i. $ ad. sk.
it, v. 3 ad. at.
w, x, 3 $ ad. sk.
</. $ ad. sk.
x, a. 3 ad.; V. $
ad. sk.
o'-f. 3 ad.; n'-V.
$ ad.sk.
m', «'. 3 $ ad. sk
<o'. § ad. sk.
p'. $ ad. sk.
$ ad. sk.
s'. 3 $ ad. sk.
r
€. 3 ad. sk.
u'. 3 ad. sk.
«/. 3 ad. i=k,
to'. 3 ad. sk.
a', y1. 3 $ ad. sk
a', a", d $ ad. sk
h". 2 ad. sic
N.W. Himalayas.
N.W. Hiuialavas.
Kotegurk, Dec
Simla, Dec.
Mussoorie.
Dehra Dkoon (Tkehoall:
tSharpe Coll.).
Kalsi, Dlioon.
Kumaon (Strachty).
K umaon.
liamnuggur, Kumaon Bhabur,
March 10 (Dr. King).
Nairn Tal, March (G. F. L.
Marshall: Sharpe Coll.).
River Surgoo;between Pethor-a
and Almora, Nov. 3.
Kosie, Oct. 12.
Nakingbat, Oct. 4.
Nepal.
Nepal.
Nepal (B, S. Hodgson).
Native Sikhim, May, Oct.
(L. Mandelli).
Sikhim, Jan. to April, June,
Nov. (L. Mandelli),
Mongphoo, Feb.
Assam (A. TV. Chennett),
N.
Khasia Hills, Jan. (A. W.
Cliennell),
Cachar {J. Inglis).
Kollidoo, Tenasserim, Feb.,
Nov. (W. Davison).
China (TucJcett).
Interior mountains of China.
Japan.
Nagasaki.
Hakodadi, Jan. (W, Blakis
ton).
Yokohama {H. Fryer).
Yedo BAv, March.
of Assam, Cachar,
of China to Japan
Pinwill Coll.
Gould Coll. (Type
of Alcedo gut
tatus.)
Hume Cull.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Ooll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll,
Hume Coll.
Hodgson Ooll,
Hodgson Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Ooll,
Hume Ooll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Ooll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Shanghai Museum.
C. Maries, Esq. [C.].
Gould Coll.
Seebolim Coll.
Heebohm Coll.
Seebohm Ooll.
118
AicEtomrDj£,
3. Ceryle maxima.
Aleedo maxima, Pali. Spic. Zool. fasc, iv. p. 14 (1769); Gfn. S'ysf,
Nat. i. p. 455 (1788); Siipp. Neue Wirb. p. 69 (1835-40); Sthl.
Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p, 8 (1803) ; id. op, eit. Revue, p. 1
(1874).
Le Maitin-pecbeiu* hupe" du Cap cle Bonus-Esperance,. Daubeat, PL
Enl. viii. pi. 679.
Le Martm-pecheur hnpp£, Bnff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 188 (1780).
Great African Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. L pt. 2, p. 611 (1782).
Aleedo guttata, Bodd. Tabl. PL Enl p. 42 (1783;.
Aleedo afra, Shaic, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 55 (1812).
Ispida gigautea, Swains. Clussif. B. ii. p. 336 (1887) ; id. B. W. Afr,
ii. p. 98, pi. 11 (1837).
Ceryle
maxima, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 82 (1847) ; id. List Fissir. Brit.
Mus, p. 61 (1848, pt,); Bp. C'onsp. i. p. 160 (1850); Cass. Cat.
Hale. Phttad, Mus. p. 2 (]S52) ; Heugl. Sysi. Uebers. p. IS
(1856); Marti. Orn. Westafr. p. 37 (1857,, pt.) j Gurney, Ibis,
1859, p, 243 j Hartl. J. f. O. 1861, p. 106; Mont. Ibis, 1802,
p. 333; Kirk, Ms, 1864, p, 325 } Hartm. J.f. 0,1864, p. 232;
Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 66 (1867); Gurney, Ibm, 3868, p. 154?
Layard, Ms, 1869, p. 72 ; Ayres, t. c. p. 290; Sharpe, i. c. p. 282 ;
id. Monoyr. Alced. p. 67, pi. 20 (i860) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 187,
BO. 1185 (1869); Heugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 186 ^1869); Finsch
4" Hartl Tiki. Ostafr. p, 173 (1870) ;" Sh«rpe,Ibis, 1870, p. 485 ;
id. P.Z.S. 2870, p. 149; id. ed. LayartVs B. S. Afr. pp. Ill, 807
(1875-84) ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 49; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 69;
Reiehen. J. f. 0. 1875, pp. 16, 49; Buckley, Ibis, 1876, p. 133;
Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. 291 ; Fischer § Reiehen. J.f.O. 1870, p. 343 ;
Sharpe, in Oatrs' Matahele-Land, App. Birds, p. 307 (1881); Bo-
cage, Orn. Angola, p. 98 (1881); Shelley, Ibk, 1882, p. 244;
Butler, Feilden, 8? Reid, Zool. 1882, p. 206 ; Ayres, Ms, 18847
p. 223, 1885, p. 343 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) i. p. 112
(1884); Bohm, J.f. 0. 1885, p. 47 ; Fischer, i. e. p. 126 ; Biittik.
Notes Leyden Mus. vii. p. 160 (1885), viii. p. 248 (1880); Matschie,
J.f. 0. 1887, p. 151; Schuloio, t. c. p. 236; Symonds, Ms, 1887,
p, 32; Ayres,t. c. p. 50; Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 291; Biittik. Notes
Leyden Mm. x. pp. 70,117 (1888) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. (2)
ri. p,222 (1888); Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. si. p. 67 (1889);
She/ley, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 357.
Megaceryle
maxima, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 22, Taf. 409,
figs. 3101-2 (1851) ; Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 10 (1854).
Megaceryle gigantea, Reichenb, Handb.,Alced. p. 23, Taf. 409. fig. 3103
(1851).
Ceryle gigantea, Hartl, J.f. 0.1854, p. 5; id. Orn. Westafr. p. 38
(1857) ; HeUyl. J.f 0. 1862, p. 288.
Ichthynomus maxinrus, Cab. fy Heine, Mus* Hein. Th. ii. p. 150
(1860).
Ceryle sharpii (nee Gould), Hariert, J.f. 0.1886, p. 594,
Adult male. Above slaty black, darker on the head, which in
crested ; most of the erest-featliers with good-sized white spots upon
both webs ; towards the nape some of the feathers, in very old birds,
unspotted ; back and scapulars clearer slaty grey, a few shaft-
stripes very plainly developed, and all the feathers spotted with
white, of wbicb spots about five show, two on each side, and one on
2 . CBEXIB.
110
the apex of the feather; the lower part of the back and upper
tail-coverts slaty grey, with a heart-shaped spot of black in the
centre of the feather; the rest of the wing-coverts black, edged
with slaty grey and conspicuously spotted with white ; quills
blackish, the inner web white at the base and broadly edged with
slaty grey and spotted, with white; tail dark slaty grey, lighter
underneath, spotted and banded with white; a small spot in front
of the eye, throat, and a line of feathers from the base of the lower
mandible down the sides of the neck pure white, the latter varied
with longitudinal black marks ; cheeks, and a line of feathers below
the last-mentioned line of white and black feathers, black, the former
narrowly and the latter broadly varied with white; feathers of the
throat and chest rich rufous, the sides varied with slaty grey,
spotted with white ; flanks white banded with slaty grey ; under
wing- and tail-coverts white, with an occasional black spot; centre
of the abdomen and vent pure white: bill black; feet dark olive-
brown; irides nearly black. Total length 14-8 inches, of bill from
front 3-5, from gape 4-3, wing 8, tail 5-3, tarsus 0-4, middle toe 1,
hind toe 0-3.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but instead of the upper part
of the chest being rufous, it is replaced by a broad slate-coloured
band, each feather being banded with white; below this is a white
band, and the rest of the under surface of the body, with the under
wing- and tail-covorts, is rufous. Total length 1Q-5 inches, of bill
from front 3'5, from gape 4"5, wing 8, tail 4*75, tarsus 0'4, middle
toe 1, hind toe 0*3.
Hdb. The greater part of Tropical Africa, excepting the forest-
regions of Gaboon and the Congo.
a. S juv. sk. River Gambia (Sharpe Coll.), Tweeddale Coll.
b. 5 ad. sk. Axim.
Dr. Ogilvie Ross [P.].
c. c? juv. sk. Accra, May (J. Smith). Shelley Coll.
d. e. § ad. sk. GoldOoast (Governor tfssher). Shelley Coll.
/. S ad. sk. RiverVolta (Governor Ussher).Sharpe Coll.
g. $ ad. sk. Lagos.
Sir A. Moloney [P.].
h. <5 imm. sk. River Niger. Dr. Baikie [P.].
i. S ad. sk. Angola (Hamilton). Sharpe Coll.
k, I, m. $ ad. sk. Angola (Monteiro). Sharpe Coll.
n.
S ad. sk. Rio Dande, Angola, July 8 Sharpe Coll.
(Said).
o, p. <$ ad. et Damara-Land (C. J. Anders-Tweeddale Coll.
juv. sk. son : Sharpe Coll.).
q, r. g $ ad. sk. Knysna, March, Aug. (C. Sharpe Coll.
J. Jx.).
s.
$ ad. sk. Cape Colony (JE. L. Layard : Tweeddale Coll
Sharpe Coll.).
t. $ ad. sk. Natal.
Dr. Gueinzius [0.1.
u.
$ ad.; v. $ Natal (T. At/res). Gould Coll.
imm. sk.
w, x.
d1 ad.; , Durban, Natal, March 30 (G. Shelley Coll.
ad, sk. R S.).
z. <$ imm. sk. UpperUmlaas River (Gordf/e). Shelley Coll.
a'. $ juv. sk. Transvaal (T. Ayres). Sharpe Coll.
120
ALCEDIKT9-3:.
b'. 3 ad. sk.
e'. $. innn. sk.
d'. $ ad. sk.
e'. <$ ad. sk.
/'. c? ad. sk.
g'. S ad. sk.
h'. <S ad. sk.
Potehefstroorn, June (T.
Ay res).
Matengue River, Dec. 2 (F.
Ootes).
Zambesi (Dr. Meller).
Zambesi.
Kilimanjaro.
Taveta, Aug. 1.
White Nile (Petherick).
Gurney Coll.
W. E. & C. G.
Oates, Esqis. [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Six J. Kirk [P.].
F. J. (Jaokson, Esq.
[P.l *
H. C. Y. Hunter,
Esq. [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Subsp. a. Ceryle sliarpii.
Ceryle skarpii, Gould, Ann. «§• Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) iv. p. 271 (1869) ;
Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 71, pi. 21 (1869); Heichen. J. f. O.
1877, p. 20 ; Socage, Orn. Angola, pp. 98, 587 (1881); Sharpe §
Bouvier, Ball. Soc. Zool. France, ii. p. 474 (1877).
Adult (type of species). Head, cheeks, and ear-coverts dark slaty
grey, almost black ; on a few feathers of the crest a tiny white spot;
back and scapulars dark slaty grey unspotted, a few of the latter
having a tiny white spot at the tip of the feather; lower part of
back slaty grey with tiny spots of white ; wing-coverts slaty
grey, the lesser ones being marked with a heart-shaped spot;
tail blackish grey, with small white bars and markings; primaries
blackish, the inner web white at the base and having a few bauds
of white along the web, the primaries with a deep black gloss, the
secondaries washed externally with slaty grey and studded with
small spots of white; a line of white feathers marked with longitudinal
black spots extending from the base of the lower mandible to
the sides of the neck; below this a line of black feathers from the
base of the lower mandible bordering the throat, which is pure white;
upper part of the breast rich chestnut• lower part of the breast,
entire abdomen, sides of the body, and under wing- and tail-coverts
grey, closely banded with white : bill black; feet olive-brown r
" bill black; feet grey; iris dark brown " (FaUcensteia). Total length
14*5 inches, bill from front 3, from gape 4, wing 7*3, tail 4*2,
tarsus 0-35, middle toe 0-9, hind toe 03 .
Hab. Erom Gaboon to the Congo.
a. <$ ad sk. [Gaboon.] Purchased.
b. d1 ad. sk. Gaboon (F. B. Walker: Tweeddale Coll. (Type
Sharpe Coll.). of species.)
c. $ ad. sk. Gaboon.
Sharpe Coll.
d.
$ ad. sk. River Ogowe" {Marche % M. Bouvier,
De Cumpiegne).
e. c? ad. sk. River Ogowe.
H. T. Ansell, Esq. [P.].
/. d ad. sk. River Ogowe (Ansell). Shelley Coll.
g. Ad. sk. River Congo (Tucker). The Admiralty [P.].
2. CERTLB. 121
4. Ceryle torquata.
Le Martin-pesckeur hupe du Mexique, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 518, pi. 41.
fig. 1(17(30).
Alcedo torquata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p 180 (1766); Gin. Syst. Nat. i.
p. 453 (1788) ; Weill. NLict. d'Hist. Nat. xix. p. 399 (1818);
Cab. hi Schomb. JReis. Guian. iii. p. 703 (1848) ; Sehl. Mus. Pays-
Bas, Alced. p. 4 (1863); id. Revue, Alced. p. 1 (1874).
Martin-pecheur huppe du Mexique, Daubent. PI. Enl. viii. pi. 284.
L'Alatli, Bv$. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 208 (1780).
Cinereous Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Sy?i. i. pt. 2, p. 636 (1782).
Martin pescador celeste, Azara, Apunt. iii. p. 383 (1802).
Martin pescador celeste obscuro, Azara, t. c. p. 385 (1802).
Alcedo cyanea (nee Less.), Yieill. N. Diet, d'Hist. Nat. xix. p. 401
(1818) ; Neuwied, Bietr. Nature;. Bras. iv. p. 5 (1832).
Alcedo ciuerea, Bonn, et Yieill. Line. Meth. i. p. 286 (1823).
Ceryle torquata, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 310 ; Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 108 ;
Hartl. Intl. Azara, p. 26 (1847); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1847);
id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 61 (1848) ; Bp. Consp. I p. 160
(1850) ; Cass. Cat. Hale. p. 2 (1852) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 139 ;
id. $• Salu. Ibis, 1859, p. 181; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 53 ; Cass.
Proc. Philad. Acad. 1860, p. 133; Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 284; Leot.
Ois. Trinid. p. 106 (1866) ; Scl. £ Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 191,1867,
pp. 280, 581, 978; Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 97, no. 1186 (1869);
Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 73, pi. ±2 (1870); Scl. 8f #alv. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 837; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 23 (1871); Wyatt] Ibis, 1871,
p. 373; Scl. # Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 103 (1873); iid. P. Z. S.
1873, p. 292; Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 133; Laior. Mem. Post. Soe. N. LI.
ii. p. 289 (1874) ; id. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. i. p. 30 (1875) ; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1877, p. 328 ; Sal $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 534 ; iid. t. c.
p. 632 ; Solo. $ Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 170; Nutting, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. v. p. 399 (1882); id. op. cit. vi. pp. 375, 386, 394 (1883); Salv.
P. Z. S. 1883, p.. 426 ; Barroios, Auk, i. p. 26 (1884); Berl. J.f.O.
1884, p. 318; id. und Jheriny, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. ii. p. 160 (1885);
Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 60; Ridgw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. ix. p. 160
(1886); Tacz. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 100 (1886); Berl. J. /. O. 1887,
pp. 22, 121; Ridgw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 591 (1887); With.
Ibis, 1888, p. 468; Scl. $ Hudson, Argent. Orn. ii. p. 26 (1889).
Megaceryle torquata, Reielienb. Handb., Alced. p. 24, Taf. 411.fig-. 31.06
(1851); Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 404 (1856); id. La-Plata Reis. ii.
p. 446 (1861).
Streptoceryle torqtiati, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 4. (1854); Cab. <§•
Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 150 (1860); Cab. J.f. 0. 1862, p. 161.
Megaceryle cassia, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 24, Taf. 411. fig. 3107
(1851); Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 405, note (1856).
Ohloroceryle torquata, Sal. Cat. Amer. B. p. 264 (1862).
Adult male. General colour above slaty blue, with a narrow
black stripe down the centre of each feather, more distinct on the
head, which is strongly crested; quills blackish, the inner web pure
white at the base, extending for half the length of the feather, the
secondaries tipped with white and irregularly barred with black on
the inner web, the outer web slaty blue externally, with here and
there a few little spots of white; tail-feathers blackish, theViddle
feathers slaty blue with only the centre black, the others edged externally
with slaty blue, and all more or less spotted and barred with
white; throat, cheeks, and sides of neck pure white, as well as a collar
122
AICEDIKID^E.
round the hind neck; breast deep rich chestnut; under wing- and
tail-coverts with the lower part of the abdomen white: " bill black,
the lower mandible and base of upper one reddish grey; feet yellowish
grey; claws black; iris dark brown " (JelsJci). Total length
16*5 inches, culmen 3, wing 7*7, tail 4*5, tarsus 0*4.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but having a broad slaty-blue
band across the chest, with a narrow white band below it; and with
the whole of the abdomen and under wing- and tail-coverts rich
chestnut. Total length 16-2 inches, culmen 3*6, wing 7'S, tail 5,
tarsus 055.
Young female. Very similar to the old female, but the bill very
much shorter; the stripes on the head very broad and dark, so that
little of the grey edging is seen, the forehead especially being
nearly black; wing-coverts more narrowly edged with grey than in
the old bird, so that the black bases to the feathers are more conspicuous,
the whole of the coverts being also tinged with rusty
brown; under wing-eoverts whitish tinged with rufous, and some
of the lower ones barred with slaty grey; rest of the under surface
as in the old female, excepting the breast-band, which is dull grey
tinged with reddish, the shaft of each feather being very plainly
developed.
Young male. Similar to the young female, but having the whole
of the outer edge of the wing-coverts and quills profusely marked
with good-sized spots of white; under wing-coverts as in the young
female, as also the breast-band, which, however, is more distinctly
tinged with rufous in the centre, remaining grey on each side,
Hah. The whole of Central America and the greater part of
South America.
a, o. 2 ad. sk. Nuevo Leon, Mexico, April, Salvin-Godman Coll.
May (F. B. Armstrong).
c-c/. $ ad. j h-l. $ Tampico, Feb., March, June Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. (W. B. Richardson).
m. c? ad. sk. Eeal del Monte. J.PMHpps,Eeq.[P.].
n.
c? ad. sk. Vega del Casadero, near Vera Salvin-Godman Coll.
Cruz, Dec. (M. Ti-ujillo).
0, jp. S $ ad. sk. Santa Ana, Jalapa, Nov. Salvin-Godman Coll.
{Ferrari-Perez).
q.
$ juv. sk. Teapa, Feb. {Mrs. D. W. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Smith).
r. $ ad. sk. Presidio, Mazatlan, Jan. 25 Salvin-Godman Coll.
{A. Forrer).
s, t. S $ ad. sk. San Bias, Tepie, May {W. Salvin-Godman Coll.
B. Richardson).
u.
$ ad. sk. Tehuantepec, Feb. 28 (W. Salvin-Godman Coll.
B.R.)
v, io. S ? vcom. sk. Tonala, Chiapas, Feb. (F. Salvin-Godman Coll,
iSumichrast).
so. <S ad. sk. Lanquin, Guatemala, March Salvin-Godman Coll.
(0. Salvin).
y, s. c? ad.; a'. $ Cayo, Western British HonSalvin-
Godman Coll.
ad. sk. duras, Dec, April, May {F.
Blancaneaux).
a'. 3 ad. sk. Belize {F. Blancaneaux). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2, CERtXE.
123
c1,a", c? ad.etiinm.sk. Belize River (0. S.). Salviu-Godman Coll.
e'. 2 ad. sk. Peje, Costa Rica (J. Car-Salvin-Godman Coll.
miol).
/ • , 2 ad. sk. Gulf of Nicoya, July (Sir E. Gould Coll.
Belcher).
ff'
. c? ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
(/. McLeannan).
V>, 2 ad. &k. Ckepo, Panama (E. Arte). Salvin-Gcdman Coll.
i. J ad. sk. Bogota (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
h\ . 2 j uv -s&< Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
l\ 2 num. sk. Santa Marta, Colombia, Salvin-Godman Coll.
April (F. Simons).
m'', «'. 8 ad. sk. Gult of Guayaquil. Capt.Kellett& Lieut,
Wood [P.].
0. c? ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador, June Tweeddale Cull,
(L. Fraser : Sharpe Coll.).
. 2 imro. &k. Sarayaeu, licuador (C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
y
Buckley).
4:, r'. 2 ad. et juv. Surinam, May (C. Burtlett; Tweeddale Coll.
sk. Sharpe Coll.).
6
. 6 ad.; £'. 2 British Guiana. Sir R. Scbomburgk
imm. sk. [P.]
U . d1 ad. &k. River Atapurow, British. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guiana,Jan.26,EL. Whitely).
v'.,w'. 2 ad. et <$ Cayenne (Sharpe Coll.) Tweeddale Coll.
imm. &k.
.%•',. 2 ad. sk. Para (A. R. Wallace). Sclater Coll.
y'-. [2jad.sk. Island of Mesiana (A. B, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Wallace).
«'. 2 imm. sk. Rio Tocantins, Sept. (A. R. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Wallace).
a"'. <3 ad. sk, Maranham (B. Wendebom). Salvin-Godman Coll,
b". 2 ad.sk. Lower Ucayali, May 25 (E. Tweeddale Coll.
Bartlett).
o", d". $ ad. et Pebas, Eastern Peru, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. (J. ECamvwell).
e",. <S ad. sk. Pernambuco (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
f". d1 ad. sk. Babia (Dr. Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ff"
. d* imm. sk. Babia (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
h". 2 imm. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
i"., 2 ad. sk. Delta of the Rio Parana. A. M. Montanaio,
Esq. [P. J.
k", I". 2 ad. sk. Uruguay, Aug. Alan Peel, Esq. [C.].
Subsp. a. Ceryle stellata.
Aleedo stellata, Meyen, Nova Acta, p. 93, Taf. 14 (1834); T&ch. § Cab.
Faun.Peruan. p. 254 (1855); Burm.Th. Bras. ii. p. 405,note (1856).
Aleedo torquata (nee L.), Bridges, P. Z. S. 1841, p. 84; Tsch. Arch,
f. Natury. x. p. 299 (1844); Gay, Faun. CML, Zool. p. 270 (1847).
Cerjle torquata (nee L.), Gould in Darwin's Voy. l Beayle,' Birds,
p". 42 (1841) ; Fras. P. Z. S. 1843, p. 110.
Megaceryle stellata, Beiclwnb. Handb., Alced. p. 24,pl.409 B. fig. 3487
(1851).
Oeryle stellata, Liclit. Nomencl. Av. p. 67 (1854) ; Pelz. Beis. Nowra,
I dff. p. 50 (1865); Scl. P. Z. S. 1807, pp. 327, 338; id. # Salv.
P. Z. S. 1808, p. 187, 1809, p. 283; Gray, Eand-l B. i. p. 97?
124
iLLCEBINIDJE.
no. 1188 (1860) s Sharpe, Monoyr. Alced. p. 77 (1870); Scl. $
Solo. Nomenel Av. Neotr. p. 103 (1873); iid. R Z. 8. 1878,
p. 431; iid. Rep. Voy. 'Challenger' ii. Birds, p. 104 (18&0);
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 9 ; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. ii.
p. 101 (1839).
Streptoceryle stdllata, Cub. #• Heine, Mus. Hein.Th.. ii. p. 151 (1800).
Chloroceiwle stellala, Scl. Cat. Amer. B. p, 204 (1882).
Adult. Above slaty blue, the feathers of the crest marked longitudinally
with broad black shaft-stripes; back also marked with
dark stripes and profusely spotted with white; quills arid tail
black, externally margined with slaty blue and banded with white ;
throat and sides of neck white, extending backwards and forming a
nuchal collar; upper part of the breast slaty bine, with rufous
markings on some of the feathers ; below this slaty band a narrow
one of white; rest of the under surface of the body rufous, with
numerous grey and white barrings on the lower abdomen, flanks,
and under tail-coverts : bill and feet blackish. Total length 15'5
inches, culmen 2*15, wing 7*3, tail 4-3, tarsus 0-4.
Hah. Chili, Bolivia, and Peru.
a. 2 brim. st. South America. Lieut. Maw [P.].
b. § imrn. sk. South America. Purchased.
c. <3 ad. sk. South America (Sharjie Coll.). Tweed dale Coll.
d.
d ad.; e,f. Chili. Ii. B. Sharpe, E~q.,
$ ad. sk. LL.D. [P.].
g.
5 ad. sk. Chili (E. C. Heed). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. S inmi. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.
*'. 2 iraim. sk. Eimac, E. Peru, Sept. (A. H. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Markham).
7c. Ad. sk. Tom Bay, Straits of Magellan, Salvin-Godnnm Coll.
Jan. 23 (Dr. Coppinger).
/. $ ad. sk. Cockle Cove, Feb. 7. H.M.S.'Alert.'
m.
2 a<i. sk. Latitude Bay, Jan. 13 (Dr. Tweeddale Coll.
Coppinger).
n.
<$ ad. sk. Cove Harbour, Messier ChanVoy.
H.M.S. < Chalnel.
lenger.'
o.
c? ad. sk. Port Otway, Dec. 31. Toy. H.M.S. 'Challenger.'
p.
<$ ad.sk. Gray Harbour. Toy." H.M.S. 'Challenger.'
q. Sternum. Tom Bay, Straits of Magellan. H.M.S.' Alert.'
Subsp. /3. Ceryle stictipennis.
Ceryle toropiata (nee £.), Laior. Proc. U.S. Nut. Mus. i. pp. 459,
487 (1&79); Cory, B. W. hid. p. 10 (1885).
Cerjle stictipennis, Lawr. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. viii. p. 023 (1885);
Cory, Auk, iii. p. 367 (1886), iv. p. 90 (1887); id. B. TV. Ind.
2nd ed. p. 162 (1889).
Adult male. Similar to C. torquata, but differing, according to
Mr. Cory (I. c), in the white spotting of th'e wings and back, and
the rufous marking of the under wing-coverts. Total length 17g
inches, wing 8, tail 5|, bill 3.
Hub. Island of Guadeloupe, West Indies,
2. CERYLE. 125
5. Ceryle alcyon.
The Kingfisher, Catesby, N. H. Carol, i. p. 69, pi. 69 (1731).
The American Kingfisher, Edwards, Nat. Hid. B. iii. p. 115, pi. 115
(1750).
Le Martin-pescheur hupe" de la Caroline, Briss. Orn, iv. p. 612
(1760, ex Catesby).
Martin-pescheur hupe" de Saint Domingue, Briss. t. c. p. 515 (17G0,
ex Edwards).
Alcedo alcyon, Linn. S. N. i. p. 180 (1766); Gm. S. N. i. p. 451
(1788); Wilson, Amer. Orn. iii. p. 59, pi. 23. fig. 1 (1811); Vieill.
N. Did. delist. Nat. xix. p. 406 (1818); Audub. B. Amer. pi. 77 ;
Swains. Faun. Bor.-Amer., Birds, p. 339 (1831); Audub. Orn.
Biogr. i. p. 394 (1831) ; Jard. ed. Wilson's Amer. Orn. i. p. 348,
pi. 23. fig. 1 (1832) ; Audub. B. Amer. iv. p. 205, pi. 255 (1842);
Gu-aud, B. Long Isl. p. 172 (1844) ; Thomps. B. Irel. i. p. 373
(1840); Sold. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 4 (1863); id. op. oit.
Revue, p. 2 (1874) ; Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. II. x. p. 255
(1866); Simdev. (Efv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh. Stockh. 1809, pp. 585,
600.
Martin-pecheur hupe" de la Louisiane, Eaubent. PL Enl. viii. pi. 715.
Maitin-pecheur hup6 de Saint Domingue, Eaubent. PL Enl. viii.
pi. 593.
Le Jaguacati, Buff. Hist. Nat. vii, p. 210 (1780).
Belted Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 637 (1782) ; Perm.
Arctic Zool. ii. p. 279 (1785); Yarr. Brit. B. (2) ii. p. 236 (1858).
Alcedo guacu, Vieill. N. Diet. dHist. Nat. xix. p. 406 (1818).
Alcedo jaguacati, Burnout, Diet. Sci. Nat. i. p. 455 (1816).
Cervle alcyon, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 316; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 82
(i847) ; id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 62 (1848); Gosse, B.
Jamaica, p. 81 (1847); Bp. Consp. i. p. 160 (1850); Cass. Cat.
Sale. Philad. Acad. p. 2 (1852); id. B. Calif, p. 254 (1856); Saltf,
P. Z. S. 1857, p. 233 ; Baird, B. N. Amer. i. p. 158 (1850); A.8?E.
Newt. Ibis, 1859, p. 67; Scl. $ Salv. t. c. p. 131; Bryant, Proc.
Bost. Soc. N. EL. vii. p. 108 (1859) ; Brewer, t. c. p. 306; Scl.
P.Z.S. 1859, p. 236; Taylor, Ibis, I860, p. 116; Scl. P.Z.S.
1860, p. 252, 1861, p. 77; Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1801,
p. 217; Turnb. B. East Perns, p. 17 (1863) ; Hayden, Trans.
Amer. Phil. Soc. xii. p. 157 (1863) ; Samuels, Orn. Neio Engl.
p. 125 (1867) ; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 118 (1868); Sharpe,
Monoqr. Alced. p. 79, pi. 23 (1868); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 97,
no. 1187 (1869); Dull 8/ Bann. Tr. Chicago Acad. i. p. 275
(1869); Cooler, B. Calif, p. 337 (1870); Salvin, Ibis, 1872,
p. 321; Coues, Key N. Amer. B. p. 188 (1872); Scl. P. Z. S. 1872,
p. 652; Harting, Handb. Brit. B. p. 124 (1872); Scl. $ Salv.
Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 103 (1873) ; Yarrow 8? Ilensh. Rep. 100th
Merid., Orn. p. 47 (1874); Coues, B. N.-West, p. 273 (1874);
Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 289 (1874); Baird, Bretoer, 8?
Ridgw. Hist. N. Amer. B. ii. p. 392, pi. 45. fig. 6 (1874); Gundl.
J. f. O. 187A, pp. 145, 312; Hensh. Rep. Zool. Expl. 100th Merid.
p.'366 (1875); Gtmdl. Orn. Cuba, p. Il l (1876); Lawr. Bull.
U.S. Nat. Mus. iv. p. 30 (1876) ; Maynard, B. East. N. Amer.
p. 194 (1878) ; Laior. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i. pp. 62,193 (1878);
id. t. c. pp. 359, 450, 458 (1879); Belding, t. c. pp. 432, 487
(1879); Gundl. J. f. O. 1878, pp. 160, 180; Sennett, Bull. ZT.S.
Geol. Surv. iv. p. 36 (1878); Coues, t. c. p. 615 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 765 ; Cory, B. Bahamas, p. 115 (1880); Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Club, v. p. 169 (1880) ; A. $ E. Neiot. Handb. Jamaica, p. 109
(1881); Grisdale, Ibis, 1882, pp. 480,490; Coues, Chech-l. N.
126 AT.CEDINIDJE.
Amer. B. p. 75 (1882); Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 420; 5. 0. CT.
i?si Br. B. p. 81 (1883) ; Stearns, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. v.
p. 1]8 (1883); Merrill, t. e. p. 142; Belding, t. c. p. 543 ; Nutting,
op. cit. vi. pp. 375, 394 (1883); Nelson, Cruise ' Corwin' p. 75
(1883) ; Hartl. J. f. 0. 1883, p. 265; Steams, Neio Enql. Bird-
Life, ii. p. 02 (1883); Cory, B. Haiti, p. 103 (1884); Coues, Kei/
N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 470 (1884) ; Agersb. Auk, ii. p. 283
(1885) ; Batchelder, t. e. p. 238; Hayicard, i. c. p. 311 ; Turner,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. viii. p. 242 (1885); ffent7iaw. Aid:, iii.
p. 79 (1886) ; Everm. t. c. p. 93; Pretest, t c. p. 104; Seton, t. c.
p. 155 ; Fox, t. c. p. 319; Cory, t. c. p. 368 ; Turner, Contr. N.
H. Alaska, p. 165 (1886); Ridqw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. ix.
p. 100 (1880); Wells, t. c. p. 020; A. 0. U. Cheek-l. N. Amer. B.
p. 209 (1886); Ridgw. Man. N. Amer. B. p. 297 (1887); Toicns.
Auk, iv. p. 12 (1887) ; Bnoight, t. c. p. 16; Lanydon, f. c. p. 130 ;
Lloyd, t. c. p. 190 ; Blake, t. c. p. 324; BecJch t. c. p. 302; Nelson,
Nat. Hist. Coll. Alaska, Birds, p. 155 (1887) ; Toions. Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus. x. p. 159 (1887); Richn. Auk, v. p. 21 (1888); Faxon
fy Allen, t. c. pp. 149, 151, 153; Brewst. t. c. p. 251; Chapm. t. c.
p. 271; Warren, B. Pennsylv. p. 121 (1888); Everm. Auk, vi.
p. 22 (1889) ; Faxon, t. c. p. 44 ; Allen, t. c. p. 70; Britten $ Cox;
t. c. p. 117; Butcher, t. c. p. 129; Bishop, t. c. p. 147; Hasbr.
t. c. p. 238; Scott, t. c. p. 250; Pindon, t. c. p. 313; Cory, B. W.
Ind. p. 163 (1889); Salv. Ibis, 1889, p. 371,1890, p. 88 ;' Feilden,
t. c. p. 487.
Ispida alcyon, Swains. Classif. B, ii. p. 336 (1837).
~hlegncei-y]e&lcyan)Reiche?ib,Handb.,Atced.-p. 25, Taf. 412. tigs. 31033109
(1851).
Megaceryle domingensis, Reichenb. t. c. p. 24, Taf. 410. fig. 3105
(1851).
Streptocervle alcvon, Bp. Consp. Valuer. Anis. p. 10 (1854) ; Cab. $
Heine, Mus. ifein. Th. ii.p. 151 (18(50); Cab. J. f. 0. 1802, p. 102.
Chlorocervle alcyon, Scl. Cat. Amer. B. p. 264 (1802).
Adult male. Above slaty blue, the head crested, each feather
having a black line down the centre; a spot in front of the eye
and a collar round the back of the neck white ; wing-coverts
spotted with white ; wing-feathers black, tipped with white, the
basal half of the inner web of the primaries white, the outer web
being marked with the same colour, the inner web of the secondaries
marked with white, as also the outer web, which is broadly
edged with slaty blue; tail slaty blue, irregularly banded and
spotted with white; the entire under surface white, with the
exception of a broad band of slaty blue on the upper part of the
breast and the flanks, which are marked with slaty blue: beak
black; feet dark blue-grey; eyes dark brown. Total length 12
inches, of bill from front 2, from gape 2-5, wing 6-4, tail 3*2,
tarsus 0-3, middle toe 0'7, hind toe 0-2.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but distinguished by having
a second band on the breast, below the grey praepectoral band.
This second band is bright ferruginous, like the flanks. Total
length 11-5 inches, culmen 2*2, wing 6*4, tail 3*6, tarsus 0*4.
Young male. At first resembles the old female in having rufous
flanks, but the sex can generally be distinguished by an admixture
of grey feathers : the praepectoral band also is strongly washed
2. CERYLE.
127
with rufous, and the second rufous band is much narrower than in
the adult female. It may always be recognized by its white
axillaries.
The young female resembles the young male, but has more rufous
on the praspectoral band, and has the flanks also entirely rufous
like the second band across the breast. The latter is not so broad
as in the adult female, but the young female can always be distinguished
from the young male by its rufous axillaries.
The adult plumage seems to take a considerable time to acquire,
and this is particularly the case with the females, which have the
praapectoral band generally washed or mixed with rufous. Female
specimens with an absolutely grey band on the breast are rare, but
the males seem to gain their fully adult plumage in the second
year.
Hub. North America generally, wintering throughout Central
America and the Greater and Lesser Antilles.
a. Ad. sk. N. America. Dr. Ridgway [P.],
b. Ad. sk. N. America. Hardwinke Coll.
c.
[$]ad. sk. Alaska, Aug. (K W. Nelson: Salvin-Guduian Coll.
Henshaw Coll.).
d. $ ad. sk. Esquirnault (/I. H. Markham). Salvin-Godman Ooll
e. S ad.; /, g, h. British Columbia. J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.]
5 ad. sk.
i, h. $ ad. sk. Saturna Island. Dr. Lyall [P.].
I. $ ad. sk. Vancouver Island. Old Coll.
m, n. S ad. et juv. Straits of S. Juan. Capt. Kellett & Lieut.
sk. Wood [P.].
o,p. d $ ad. sk. Fort Simpson, June. B.R. Ross, Esq. [P.].
q, (S ad. sk. Lake of Woods (G. Dawso?i). N. A. Boundary
Cornm.
r, s. $ ad. sk. 49th Parallel (G. Dawson). N. A. Boundary
Comm.
t. c? imm. sk. Canada (Shatpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
u. 5 ad. sk. Canada (Bush). Tweeddale Coll.
v. 5 ad. sk. Canada West. Tweeddale Coll.
w, x. <3 $ ad. sk. Canada (C. Shelley). Shelley Coll.
y.
S ad. sk. Musquash, New Brunswick Shellev Coll.
(-ST. E. Dresser: Sharpe
Coll.).
e. cf ad. sk. Nova Scotia. Cnpt. Savile Reid
a', c? ad.; b'-h'. Lyons Falls, New York, June Salvin-Godman Coll.
$ ad. sk. to Aug. (A. J. Dayan:
Henshaw Coll.),
i'. <$ ad. sk. Locust Grove, April 26 (C. H. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Merriam: Henshaw Coll.).
k'. <$ ad. sk. Albany, N. Y. (J. A. Hurst: Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll).
V. Juv. sk. Whiting Station, Indiana, Salvin-Godman Coll.
June (R. K. Coale: Henshaw
Coll.).
m'. $ ad. sk. Biverdale, Illinois, March Salvin-Godman Ooll.
(W. JB. Nelson: Henshaw
Coll.).
128
ri. $ imm. sk.
o'. $ ad. sk.
p', q'. $ $ ad. sk.
r'. P ad. sk.
s'. S ad. sk.
t'. J ad. sk.
«'. cf ad. sk.
v', v)'. 5 ad. et juv.
sk.
x'-b". c?ad.; c". $
ad. sk.
d". $ ad. sk.
e". <S ad. sk.
/". Jad.sk.
g". 5 ad. sk.
hi'. A ad. sk.
i", A ad. sk.
k''. 2 ad. sk.
I". A ad. sk.
m". 5ad.sk.
n". 5ad.sk.
o"-r". A ad. sk.
5''. 5 ad. sk.
t". cjimm.sk.
u". 5 ad. sk.
v". A ad. sk,
w'',x". A ad.; y".
5 ad. sk.
z", as, b3. cjetjuv.;
c3,«!3,e. $ ad.sk.
/", g3. 5 a*i. sk.
k?. A ad. sk.
a3. 5ad.sk.
k3. $ ad. sk.
P. A ad. sk.
ALCEDINTDJE.
Cook Co., Illinois, Sept. 28
(Greene Smith: Henshaw
Coll.).
Washington, D.C. (Sm. no.
25206).
Washington, B.C., April (H.
TV. Henshaw).
Quantico, Virginia, April 30
(II. W. II.).
Florida.
Florida (Henshaw Coll.).
Melbourne. Florida, Feb. 14
( W. Hoxie: Henshaw Coll.).
Tarpon Springs, Florida,
Aug., Oct. {Scott Coll.).
Corpus Christi, Texas, Oct.,
Nov. (F. B. Armstrong),
Hidalgo, Texas, April 8 (F.
B. Armstrong),
Santa F6 Mts., New Mexiro,
Sept. 22 (H. TV. Henshaw).
Caraon,Nevada,May4( JF.i?.
Bryant: Henshaw Coll.).
Lower
Geyser Basin, Washington
Territory, Aug. 30
(C.H.Merriam).
California.
Napa, Calif. (H. Herrick:
Henshaw Coll.).
Fort Garland, Cal., Aug. 12
(0. B. Aiken : Henshaw
Coll.).
Rio de Ermitano, Chihuahua,
Dec. 17 ( Tf: Lloyd),
Mazatlan,Nov.2G(^4..Fbrra-).
Zapotlan, Jalisco,Dec. 18 (W.
B. Richardson).
Tampico, Feb. (W. B. R.).
"^fga del Casadero, Vera Cruz,
Dec. (M. Trvjillo). <
Orizaba,Nov. (Ferrari-Berez).
Jalapa (De Oca).
Progreso, N. Yxicatan, Nov.
(C. J. E. Bevis).
Duefias, Guatemala (0. Salvin).
Cozumel Island (G. F. Gaumer).
Ruatan Island (G. F. Gaumer).
Honduras (Sharpe Coll.).
Costa Rica, May (T. Cooper).
Vma,m.&(McLeamian: Sharpe
Coll.).
Santa Marta, U.S. Colombia.
Salviu-Godraan Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
"W. B. Dismore, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Cull.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Lord Walsingham
[P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godmau Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godmao Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
2. CETtTLE. 129
m3 . <$ ad. sk. Spanishto-n n, Jamaica (W, U.S. Nat. Museum
W. Marsh). [P.].
nz .
o3 .
$ ad. sk.
$ ad. sk.
Santa Lucia (W. Semper),
Montserrat (Sturge).
Sclatcr Coll.
Sclater Coll.
pz . Skeleton.
(j6, rs . Sterna.
N. America.
Jamaica.
B. B. Sliarpe, Esq.,
LL.D. [P.J
Philip Gosse, Esq.
[P.].
C. Ceryle amazona.
Amazonian Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. i. p. 110 (1787).
Alcedo amazona, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 257 (1790); Vieill. N. Diet.
a" Hist. Nat. xix. p. 809 (1818) ; Neuwied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras, iv.
p. 12 (1832); Hartl. Ind. Azara, p. 26 (1847) ; Cab. in Schomb.
Reis. Guian. iii. p. 704 (1848); Tschudi # Cab. Faun. Peruan.
pp. 40, 254 (1855); Schl. Mus. Pays-Pas, Alced. p. 5 (18G3); id,
op. oil. Revue, p. 2 (1874).
Martin-pescador obsenro dorado, Azara, Apunt. iii. p. 307 (1802).
Martin-pescador garganta roxa, Azara, t. c. p. 388.
Alcedo rubescens, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xix. p. 408 (1818).
Alcedo vestita, Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat. xxix. p. 272 (1823); Pucher.
Eev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 386; Hartl. J.f.O. 1855, p. 423.
Ceryle
amazona, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 316; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 82
(1847) ; id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 61 (1848); Bp. Consp, i. p. 160
(1850); Cass. Cat. Bale. Pkilad. Mus. p. 3 (1852); Scl P. Z. S. 1855,
p. 136 ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 53 ; Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1800,
p. 133 ; Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 155 j Scl. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 363,
1866, p. 192,1867, pp. 279, 581,978; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 152;
Leot. Ois. Trinid. p. Il l (I860); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 97, no.
1189 (1809); Sharpe, Mongr. Alced. p. 83, pi. 24 (1869); Scl. <§•
Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 252; Sab. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 201; Scl. §•
Salv. t. a. p. 781 j Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 23 (1871) ; Wyatt, Ibis,
1871, p. 378 ; Scl. $ Salv. Nomencl. An. Neotr. p. 103 (1873); iid.
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 292; Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 113; Lawr. Mem. Bost.
Soc. N. H. ii. p. 290 (1874) ; Scl. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 237;
Lawr. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. pt. 4, p. 30 (1875) ; Scl. % Salv.
P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 534, 632 ; White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 40; Bouc.
t. c. p. 453; Nutting, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mas. vi. p. 394 (1883);
Borrows, Auk, I p. 26 (1884) ; Berl. J.f.O. 1884, p. 318; id. $
Jhering, Zeitsch. ges. Orn, ii. p. 160 (1885); Ridgw. Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus. ix. p. 161 (1880); Tacz. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 102 (1886);
Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 60; Berl. J.f.O. 1887, pp. 22, 121; Scl. $
Hudson, Argent Orn. ii. p. 27 (1889); Berl. J.f.O. 1889, p. 308;
Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus, N. II. ii. p. 101 (1889).
Ckloroceryle
amazona, Reiclienb. Handb., Alced. p. 26, Taf. 412.
ff. 3110-11 (1851); Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 405 (1856); Cab. $
Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 148 (1800); Burin. Reis. La-Plata, ii.
p. 446 (1861); Sol. Cat. Amer. B. p. 264(1862); Cab. J.f O.
1862, p. 161.
Chlorocery leleucosticta,
Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 27, Taf. 414.
if. 3116-17 (1851); Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 406, note (1856).
Adult male. General colour above bronzy green; the head
crested; a large hand, commencing at the base of the bill and
encircling the hind neck, white; quills blackish, externally like the
back, the inner web white at the base and washed with bronzy
voii. rvii.
K
130 AlCEDINIDiE.
green markings on the secondaries; tail-feathers bronzy green
above, beneath blackish, the inner web of all but the middle ones
spotted with white; a line of feathers from the base of the bill,
extending on to the sides of the neck, bronzy green ; throat white;
a broad band across the chest bright rufous; abdomen and under
wing- and tail-coverts white, the flanks streaked with bronzy
green : " bill black ; feet brown" {J. Stohmann). Total length
12 inches, culmen 2-5, wing 5, tail 3, tarsus 0-25.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but wanting the red chest-
band, which is replaced by an interrupted band of bronzy green.
Total length 11-5 inches, culmen 2-6, wing 5-9, tail 3'4, tarsus
0-45.
Hdb. Central America and the greater part of South America,
excepting Patagonia and Chili.
«, h. 3 $ ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk.
d. 3 ad. sk.
e. 3 ad. sk.
/. $ ad. sk.
g. 2 ad. sk.
h. 3 ad. sk.
i, Jc. 3 ad.; /,
m. $ a<l. skn.
5 ad. sk.
o. 3 ad. sk.
p. £ ad. sk.
q. $ ad. sk,
r, s. $ ad. sk.
t. $ ad. sk.
u. 3 ad. sk.
v. $ ad. sk.
w. 3 imm. sk.
x. $ ad. sk.
y,». 3 $ ad. sk.
a'. $ ad. sk.
V. $ ad. sk.
C, d'. 3 $ ad.
sk.
Presidio, Mazatlan, Jan,, Feb.
(A. Forrer).
San Bias, Tepie, May 8 (W. B.
Richardson).
Teapa, Vera Cruz, Feb. {Mrs.
M. JB. Smith).
La Antigua, Vera Cruz, Sept,
(M. Tngillo).
Vega del Casadero, Dec. (M.
Santa Ana, Jalapa, Nov.
(Ferrari-Perez).
Plan del Rio, Jalapa, Aug.
(F-P.).
Cayo, Western British Hon
duras, Dec. to March (F.
Blancaneaux).
Guatemala (Sharpe Coll.)
Vera Paz, Guatemala (O, Salvin).
San Geroninio, Vera Paz,
Dec. 20 (0. S.).
Honduras (S/iarpe Coll.).
Veragua (Arce).
Panama (J. McLeannari).
Lion Hill, Panama (J.
McLeannari).
Paraiso Station, Panama
(A. Hughes).
Bogota (JSharpe Coll.).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (C. Buckley)
,-,
Laguna de v alencia, V enezuela,
Oct., Nov. (A. Gocring),
Demerara (Sharps Coll.).
British Guiana (Sir It. Schom
burgh).
Bartica Grove, British Guiana,
Sept., Oct, {H. Whitehj).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Zool. Soc.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
e.' <S ad. si,
/'. d1 imm.; g'.
$ ad. sk.
h'. S ad. sk.
i,k'.£$ ad.sk
?. $ ad. sk.
m\ c? ad. sk.
n'> °'- 6 2 a<i- sk.
p'. $ ad. sk.
q'. 3 ad. sk.
r'. 3 ad. sk.
s'. 3 ad. sk.
t',u',v'. d ad.;
w'. $ ad. sk.
xJ. 2 ad. sk.
2 . CERYLE.
Camacusa, British Guiana,
May (H. W.).
Cayenne.
Para (A. R. Wallace).
Rio Tocantins, Sept. (A. R.
Wallace),
Santa Cruz, Hnallaga River
{E.BartleM: Sharps Coll.).
Nauta, Dec. (E. B.: Sharpe
Coll.).
Pebas (J. llauxwell).
Chapada, Matto Grosso, Sept.
28 (Mrs. B7. H. Smith).
Pernarnbiieo {Sharpe Coll.).
Pernambuco (Craven).
Novo Fribourgo (J. Youds).
Brazil (Sharpe Coll.).
Cosquin, Cordova, Argentine
Republic. July 17 IE. W.
White).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Ceryle americana.
Le Martin-pescheur du Bresil, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 510 (1760).
jMartin-peeheur vert et blanc de Cayenne, Daubent. PL JEnl. viii.
pi. 591.
Le Martin-pecheur vert et blanc, Buff, Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 216
(1780).
Le Gip-gip, Buff, t c. p. 217 (1780).
White and Green Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn, i. pt. % p. G41 (1782).
Brasilian Kingfisher, Lath. t. c. p. 641 (1782).
Alcedo americana, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 451 (1788); Nemoied, Beitr.
Naturg. Bras. iv. p. 17 (1832); HariC Ind. Azara, p. 20 (1847) ;
Cab.inSohomb. Reis. Guian. iii. p. 704 (1848); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Alced. p. 5 (1863); id. op. cit. Revue, p. 2 (1874).
Alcedo brasiliensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 450 (1788) ; Bonn, et Vieill.
^ Enc. lUth. i. p. 293 (1823).
Martin-pescador verde obscuro, Azara, Apunt. iii. p. 389 (1805).
Alcedo viridis, Vieill N. Diet. xix. p. 413 (1818); Bonn, et Vieill.
Enc. MSth. i. p. 397 (1823).
Ceryle americana, Boie, Jsis, 1828, p. 316 ; Gould in Darwin's Voy.
eBeagle/ Birds, p. 42 (1841); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 82 (1847); id.
List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 60 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 160 (1850);
Cass. Cat. Kale. Philad. Mus. p. 5 (1852) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1860,
pp. 284, 296 ; id. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 192, 1867, pp. 581, 978,
1868, p. 628; Leot. Ois. Trinid. p. 112 (1866); Gray, Hand-l. B.
i. p. 97, no. 1190 (1809);' Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 89, pi. 26
(1870); Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 306; Wyatt, t. c. p. 373 ; Peh.
Orn. Bras. p. 23 (1871); Scl. § Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotr. p. 103
(1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 293; Lee, His, 1873, p. 133 ; Durnf.
Ibis, 1877, p. 185 ; Scl. # Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 632 ; Salv. Ibis,
1880, p. 301; id. $ Godm. t. c. p. 174; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 349 ;
Berlepsch, J.f.O. 1884, p. 318; id. # Jhering, Zeitschr. ges. Orn.
ii. p. 160 (1885); Taos. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 105 (1886); Salv. Ibis,
E2
132
AXCEDINIDJ3.
1886, p. 60; Berl. J. f. O. 1887, iii. pp. 23, 121; Scl. $ Hudson,
Argent. Orn. ii. p. 27 (1889) ; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. Y. ii.
p. 101 (1889).
Chloroceryle
americana, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 27, Taf. 413.
figs. 3112-13 (1851); Bwm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 407 (1856) ; Cab. $
Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 147 (1860); Burm. Hew. La-Plata,
ii. p. 447 (1861); Sbl. Cat. Amer. B. p. 265 (1862); Barrows, Auk,
i. p. 26 (1884).
Chlorocervle chalcites, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 28, Taf. 415.
figs. 3120-21 (1851); Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 408, note (1856).
Ceryle cabanisi
{nee Tack), Scl $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 534;
Berlepsch $ Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 571,1885, p. 187.
Adult male. General colour above bronzy green; scapulars like
the back, but with white bases, the inner or dorsal scapulars
white, tipped with, green; wing-coverts green like the back;
bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish., externally green ;
the quills with three bands of white, caused by spots of white on
the outer webs; the inner webs more numerously notched or
spotted with, white, sometimes four, and even five, in number, these
sj)ots becoming merged together near the base of the inner web, so
as to form a large white patch, which increases in size on the
inner secondaries; two centre tail-feathers entirely green, the next
pair with a few white spots on the inner web and showing a little
white near the base; on all the other tail-feathers the white is
more developed, and the green colour so restricted that it forms a
broken band, near the end of the feather with two white spots
near the end of the inner web; crown of head, sides of face, and
oar-coverts green like the head; the cheeks white, forming a broad
band which extends backwards and forms a collar round the hind
neck; throat also white, separated from the cheeks by a malar
line of green feathers; lower throat, fore neck, and breast bright
chestnut; abdomen white; flanks thickly spotted with bronzy-green
ends to the feathers ; the lower breast-feathers also green-tipped, so
as to form a band which skirts the rufous of the breast on its
lower aspect; under tail-coverts white, also spotted with green ;
under wing-coverts white, with dusky bases. Total length 6-5 inches,
culmen 1*6, wing 3*2, tail 2-3, tarsus 0*35.
Adult female. Similar to the male above, but differing below;
the throat, breast, and flanks ochreous buff, with a band of green
across the upper breast; on the lower breast a second band of green-
spotted feathers like the flanks, this second band not clearly defined
like the upper one, but rather broken in the middle. Total length
6*5 inches, culmen 1-8, wing 3-1, tail 2-4, tarsus 0-35.
Young birds may be told by their duller colour, being more of an
olive bronzy green, and by the minute fulvous spots on the wing-
coverts and crown.
Hal. The greater part of South America from Colombia to
Ecuador, Guiana, Amazonia, and Brazil.
a, b. <$ ad. sk. South America. Old Coll.
c. S juv. sk. South America. Sclater Coll.
d, e. c? 2 ad. sk.
/• cP ad.;;?. $
juv. sk.
7i. <$ ad.sk
«. c? ad.sk
yfc. c? ad. sk.
?. cf ad. sk.
m, n. (S $ ad.
o,p. <$ 2 ad.sk.
q. <$ ad. sk.
r. c? ad. sk.
s, t. <$ ad.; u.
2 ad. sk.
v, w. S 2 ad- sk.
cc. $ ad. sk.
y. 5 ad. sk.
», a'. <$ $ ad. sk.
6'. $ ad.sk.
c\ c? ad. sk.
d'. $ ad. sk.
e'. $ ad. sk.
f. d1 ad. sk.
#'. c? ad. sk.
7i'. $ ad. sk.
*'. 2 a^. sk.
&'. c? ad. sk.
I'. cJ ad. sk.
TO', C? ad. sk.
n'. c? ad. sk
o'. $ ad. sk.
p'. cJ ad. sk.
g'. c? ad. sk.
?•'. $ ad. sk.
s'. (51 ad. sk.
t'. S ad. sk.
u'. 2 ad. sk.
v'. $ ad. sk.
«?'. c? ad. sk.
r'. 2 ad. sk.
y'. S ad. sk.
»'. $ ad. sk.
2. CERTIE.
[Chili.]
Balta, June 28.
Brazil.
Brazil (Sharpe Coll.).
Brazil.
Rio.
Rio {Shar.pe Coll.).
Novo Eribourgo (J. Youds).
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul
(Joyner).
Ckapada, Matto Grosso, Jan.
{Mrs. II. 11. Smith).
Bakia (Br. Wucherer).
Bahia (Sharpe Coll).
BaHa.
Pemambuco (Sharpe Coll).
Pernambuco (W.A. Forbes).
Santa Cruz, Huallaga River
(JS. Bartlett: Sharpe Coll.).
Pebas, March (J. Kauxwell).
Rio Tocantins, Sept. (A. K.
Wallace).
North Bank of Amazons (A.
E. W.\
Para (A. JR. W.).
Para.
Cayenne.
Oainacusa, British Guiana,
May 3 (H. Whitely).
Bartica Grove, Jan. 26 (BC,
W.).
River Atapurow, Feh. 2 (H,
W.).
Demerara River, Oct. (W.
Barrow. Henshaw Coll.).
Demerara (Sharpe Coll.).
San Esteban, Venezuela, June
(A. Goering : Sharpe Coll.).
Trinidad (Sharpe Coll.).
Trinidad.
Tobago (J~. Kirk).
Tobago (J. Kirk-. Sharpe
Coll).
Minca, U.S. Colombia, 2000
feet (F. Simons).
Santa Marta.
Guayaquil.
Puna Island (Villagomez).
Puna Island.
Napo, Ecuador.
Santa Rita, Ecuador (Villa
gomes).
Gould Coll.
H. Durnford, Esq.
[0.]-
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
M. Claussen [P.].
Sclater Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godraan Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould CoU.
Sclater CoU.
Tweeddale CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Capt.KeUett & Lieut.
Wood [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
G. Barclay,' Esq. [P.],
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
134
ALCEDINIDiE.
Subsp. a. Ceryle caTbanisi.
Alcedo eabanisi, Tsclmdi, Faun. Peruan.-p. 253 (1846).
Oeryle eabanisi, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 42 (1847); Bp. Consp. i.
p. 160 (1850) ; Sharpe, Monoqr. Alced. p. 87, pi. 25 (1868, pt.) ;
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 98, no. 1191 (1809); Scl. § Sal v. Nomencl.
Av. Neotr. p. 108 (1878, pt.); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 328,1879,
p. 240,1880, p. 210; Sab. P. Z. S. 188S, p. 486.
Oliloroceryle eabanisi, Reichenb. JSandb., Alced. p. 27 (1851).
Adult male. Similar to O. americana, but with a slightly stouter
bill (tbis difference scarcely perceptible), and having much broader
white bars on the quills, and the under tail-coverts white, either
unspotted or with only one or two green-tipped feathers : " bill and
feet black; iris dark brown " (J. JStolzmann). Total length 8*5
inches, culmen 1-8, wing 3'45, tail 3, tarsus 0-3.
Adult female. Similar to the female of G. americana^ but white
below, less tinged with ochreous buff, and having white under tail-
coverts and broader white bands on the quills. Total length
8-5 inches, culmen 1*8, wing 3-55, tail 2-8, tarsus 0-4.
Hah. Peru.
a. S ad. sk. Lima {Prof. Nation). Sclater Coll.
b, o. <$ $ ad. sk. Eio Fdmac, Sept. (A. H. Salvin-Godinan Coll.
Marhham).
d, e. $ $ ad. sk. Tambo Valley, S.W. Peru, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Oct. (JBT. Whitely).
f,9-
tf $ ad. sk. Tambo Valley (H. W.: Sharpe Tweeddale Coll.
Coll.).
Subsp. fl. Ceryle septentrionalis.
Ceryle americana (nee Gm.), Sitgr. Rep. Expl. Zuni and Col. R,
p. 65 (1852); Cass. B. Calif, p. 255 (1856) ,• Scl. P. Z. S. 1856,
pp. 189, 286; Sol. $ Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 131; Moore, P. Z. S.1859,
p. 53; Baird, B. N. Arner. p. 159, pi. 7 (I860); Taylor, Ibis,
1860, p. 117 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 358, 1859, p. 307 ; id. $ Salv.
P.Z.S. 1864, p. 363; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 472; Cones, Ibis,
1866, p. 263; Later. Ann. Lyc. N. T. vii. p. 290 (1864); id. op.
cit. p. 118 (1808); Cooper, B. Calif, p. 339 (1870).
Ceryle eabanisi {nee Tsclmdi), Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 152; Scl. §
Salv. t. c. p. 280; Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 87 (1868, pt.); Salvin,
P.Z. S. 1870, p. 201; Scl. $ Salv. t. c. p. 837 ; Salvin, Ibis, 1872,
p. 321; Scl. <§• Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 103 (1873, pt.); Boiocard,
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 48, 1883, p. 453; Ridgw. Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. ix. p. 161 (1886); A. O. U. Chech-l. p. 209 (1886); Lloyd,
Aulc, iv. p. 190 (1887) ; Ridqw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. pp. 582,
591 (1887); Beclih. t. c. p. 603; Ridgw. Man. N. Amer. B. p. 279
(1887).
Chloroceryle
eabanisi, Cab. <§• Seine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p, 147
(1860); Scl. Cat. Amer. B. p. 265 (1862).
Alcedo eabanisi, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 5 (1863); id. op.
cit. Revue, p. 2 (1874).
2. CEKYLB.
135
Ceryle americana, var. cabanisi, Cones, Key N. Amer. B, p. 188
(1872); Laior. Mem. Host. Soo. N. H. ii. p. 290 (1874) ; Baircl,
Breioer, $• Mdgio. Hist. N. Amer. B. ii. p. 396 (1874); Law.
Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. iv. p. 30 (187G); Bremt. Bull. Mitt. Orn.
Club, iv. p_. 79 (1879).
Oeryle americana cabanisi, Coues, Checli-l. N Amer. B. p. 75 (1882) ;
Nutting, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. v. p. 399 (1882); Ridgw. t. e.
p. 501; Nutting, op. cit. vi. pp. 375,387,394,407 (1883); Merrill,
t. c. p. 142; Coues, Key N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 470 (1884).
Adult male. Similar to 0. americana, and, like that species, having
narrower bands of white on the quills than the true G. cabanisi, but
differing from both forms in its much more robust bill. The under
tail-coverts are always distinctly marked with green spots. Total
length 7*0 inches, culmen 1-9, wing 3'2, tail 2-3, tarsus 0-4.
Adult female. Similar to the female of C. americana, but distinguished
by its much stouter bill. Likewise it is never so buff below,
but is whiter, as in true C. cabanisi. Total length 7*8 inches, culmen
1*9, wing 3-4, tail 2-4, tarsus 0-35.
The young females resemble the old females, but have small
whitish spots on the crown and wing-coverts. The green bands on
the under surface are much less pronounced and broken up into
spots.
The young males appear at first to resemble the young females
and to have the crown and wing-coverts minutely spotted with buff.
The superior pectoral band is as green as in the female, and the
chestnut colour appears to be assumed by a change in the pattern
of the feather without a moult.
Eab. Lower California and Southern United States; south
through the whole of Central America from Mexico to Panama.
a.
6 juv. 5 6. 2 Paraiso Station, Panama (A. Salvin-Q-odman Coll.
ad. sk. Hughes).
e. 2 ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (E. ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d.
2 ad. sk. Oalovevora, Veragua (E. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Arci).
e. cf ad. sk. Cartago, Costa Rica, Jan. (T. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Cooper).
f. 2 ad. sk. Valza, Costa Eica, Feb. 23 (J. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Carmiol).
2 ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua ( T. Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ff
h, i. 2 ad. sk. Guatemala (Sharpe Coll.). Tweecldale Coll.
h. 2 ad. sk. Guatemala (Henshaw Coll.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
1. o* ad.; m, n. Duefias, Guatemala, Oct. (0,8.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2 ad. sk.
o,p. <$ 2 ad. sk. San Gerdnimo, Oct., Dec. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(O. S.).
S ad. sk. San Salvador (Henshaw Coll). Salvin-Godman Coll.
r.
2 ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (G. M. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Wliitely).
t. tf 2 ad. sk. Honduras (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
s,
u,, 2 ad. sk. Cayo, Western British Hon- Salvin-Godman Coll.
duras, Dec. 5 (F. Blancaneaux),
136 AICEDIKXDiG.
V. c? ad. sk.
w. <$ ad. sk.
x,y.
<S $ a<l-s^
z, a'. $ ad. sk.
V. S ad. sk.
e'. $ jiiy.sk.
d', e'. J ? ad. sk.
/' . $ ad.sk.
g',h'. d $ ad.
sk.
»\ 6 ad.; A-'. $
imrn. sk.
l'-p'. $ ad. sk.
q'. c? ad. sk.
r'. $ ad. sk.
.<?'. $ ad. sk.
*\ $ ad. sk.
u'. <5 ad. sk.
v'. c? ad. sk.
w'. c? juv. sk.
a;'. $ ad. sk.
y', »'. <? $ ad.
sk.
«". $ ad.sk.
1", *". c? ad.;
d"-g". 2 ad.
sk.
k". $ ad.sk.
i"-w". tfad.;n".
tfjuv.; o",j>".
$ ad. sk.
q". $ ad. sk.
r",s". tfad. et
imm, sk.
i". $ imm. sk.
w". c? ad.sk.
v", w". J $ ad.;
v^". $ imm.sk.
2/", a". <? $ ad.
sk.
a3. $ ad. sk.
S3. $ ad. sk.
Mexico.
Mexico.
Tekuantepec, Feb. (W. B.
Richardson").
Chinialapa, Tekuantepec, Mar.
(W.B.R.).
Sierra S. Domingo, Tehuantepec,
Apr.l2(JT.2?..B.).
Sola, Oaxaca, April (M. Tru
jillo).
Oaxaca City, March (M. T.).
Juchatengo, Oaxaca, April
(M. T.).
Caloblan, Jalisco, March (W.
B. R.).
San Bias, Tepic, May, June ( W.
B. R.).
Aguas Calientes, Aug. (W.
B. 22.).
Valles, S. Luis Potosi, May
(W.B.R.).
CMetla, Puebla, Nov. 28 (Ferrari-
Perez).
Vega del Casadero, Vera Cruz,
Dec. (M. Trujillo).
Misantla, Vera Cruz, Dec.
(M. T.).
Playa Vicente, Dec. (M. T.).
Jalapa (DeOca).
Jalapa, April (Ferrari-Perez).
Orizaba, Dec. (F. B. Godman).
Orizaba (Botteri).
Morelia, Jan. (F.B.G.).
Teapa, Jan., March (Mrs. H.
S. Smith).
Atoyac, April (Mrs. BE. U.
Smith).
Tampico, Feb., March, June
(W.B.R.).
Aldama, Tamaulipas, March
(W.B.R.).
Sierra Madre, above Ciudad
Victoria, May (W. B. JR.).
Nuevo Leon, June {F. B. Arm
strong).
Rio Salado, Nuevo Leon.
Presidio, Mazatlan, Dec, Jan.,
May (A. Forrer).
Herrnosillo, Sonora, JSTOV. {Ferrari-
Perez).
Ysleta, Sonora, May 18 (W.
Lloyd).
La Paz, Lower California,
•winter (HensJiaw Coll.).
Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sah in-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
2 . CERTLE.
137
e3, d3. c? $ ad. Hidalgo, Texas, April (F. B. Salvin-Godraan Coll.
sk. Armstrong).
ez-hz. tfad.; i3, Brownsville, Texas, Feb.-May Salvin-Godrnan Coll.
h\ I3. $ ad. (F. B. Armstrong).
sk.
m3. $ ad. sk. Nueces Co., Texas {F. B. A.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
w3,_ o3. $ ad. et San Antonio, Texas (EC. E. Salvin-Godman Ooll.
imiu. sk. Dresser).
Pa-<$ juv.sk. Eio Medina, Texas (S. E. D.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8. Ceryle inda.
The Spotted Kingfisher, Edwards, Glean, iii. p. 262, pi. 335 (1764).
Alcedo inda, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 179 (1760) ; Gm. Syst. Nat. i.
p. 448 (1788) ; Shaw $ Nodder, Nat. Misc. xxi. pi. 889 (1809).
Martin-pecheur verd et roux de Cayenne, Bauient. PI. Enl. viii.
pi. 592.
Le Martin-pecheur vert et roux, Buff. Mist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 215
(1780). ' M l
Rufous and Green Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 640
(1782). ° J V >V
Alcedo viridirufa, Bodd. Tall. PL Enl. p. 36 (1783); Schl. Mus.
Pays-Has, Abed. p. 5 (1863) j id. op. cit. Revue, p. 2 (1874).
Alcedo
tricolor, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 451 (1788); Neuwied, Beitr.
Naturg. Bras. iy. p. 23 (1832) ; Cab. in Schomb. Beis. Guian. iii.
p. 704 (1848).
Alcedo indica, Drap. Diet. Class. d'LTist. Nat. x. p. 231 (1826).
Ceryle bicolor, Bote, Isis, 1828, p. 316; Kaup, Fam. Aleed. p. 8
(1848) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 160 (1850); Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 23
Ceryle inda, Gray, Gen. B. L p. 82 (1847) ; Cass. Cat. Sale. Philad.
Mas. p. 3 (1852); id. Proa. PMlad. Acad. 1860, p. 133; Law.
Ann. Lyc. N. T. vii. p. 290 (1860), viii. p. 183 (1864); Scl. &
Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 363, 1867, p. 581; Sharpe, Monogr. Alced.
p. 91, pi. 27 (1869); Gray, BCand-l. B. i. p. 98, no. 1192 (1869);
Sol. Sf Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 103 (1873); iid. P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 293; Tacz. Orn. PSrou, iii. p. 103 (1886); Sab. Ibis, 1886,
p. 60.
Ceryle viridirufa, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 82 (1847); id. List Fissir. Brit.
Mus. p. 61 (1848).
Chloroceryle bicolor, Reichen.. FCandb., Alced. p. 28, pi. 414. figs.
3118-19 (1851); Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 406 (1856).
Amazonis bicolor, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 10(1854).
Chloroceryle viridirufa, Cab. §• Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii, p. 146
(1860).
Chloroceryle inda, Sol. Cat. Amer. B. p. 265 (1862).
Adult male. Above bronzy green; a streak from the nostril to
the eye rufous; lower part of the back and the exterior aspect of
the quills and tail-feathers minutely spotted with, white; inner web
of the same irregularly half-banded with white ; entire under surface
chestnut-rufous, paler on the chin and sides of the neck : bill
blackish; feet red. Total length 8*8 inches, of bill from front 1*9,
from gape 2-5, wing 3'9, tail 2-6, tarsus 0-07, middle toe 0-6, hind
toe 0-05.
138
AIOEDINIBiE,
Adult female. Similar to the male, bub has the breast crossed by a
transverse belt of green mixed with white: " bill blackish, the lower
mandible whitish at the base; feet grey; iris dark brown " (Stolzmanri).
Rah. Central America from Nicaragua to Panama; south to
Ecuador and Peru, Guiana, Amazonia, and Brazil.
a. $ ad. sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. S
ad.; c. $ Panama (/. McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk.
d. $ ad.; e. S Sarayacu, Ecuador (C. BuckSalvin-
Godman Coll.
juv. sk. ley).
/. $ ad. sk. Demerara. W. T. Turner, Esq.
g, h. c? $ ad. sk. Demerara. Sir R. Schomburgk
[0.1
i. $ ad. sk. Demerara. Gould Coll.
7c. c? ad. sk. Demerara (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
h m
<$ $ ac^ s^-Camacusa, British Guiana, May
(JT. Wldtely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n,o. $ $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Nov., Dec.
(H. W.).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. $ juv. sk. Maroni River, Surinam
(Kappler). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q, rf ad. sk. Surinam (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
r. $ ad. &k. Cayenne.
Sclater Coll.
s.
c? imm. sk. Para (A. R. Wallace). Sclater Coll.
t.
$ ad. sk. Para {A.R. Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.
u. S ad. sk. Island of Mexiana {A. R. W.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
v. cf ad. sk. Pernambuco (Craven). Sclater CoU.
to. $ ad. sk. Baliia (D>: Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
x. $ ad. sk. Brazil (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
y. S ad. sk. S. America.
Old CoU.
9. Ceryle superciliosa.
The little Green and Orange-coloured Kingfisher, Edwards,
Gleanings, i. p. 73, pi. 245 (1758).
Le Martin-pescheur verd dAmerique, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 490 (1760).
Alcedo superciliosa, Linn. Syn. Nat. i. p. 179 (17(36, ex Edwards);
Bodd. Tall. PI. Enl p. 47 (1783) ; G?n. S. N. i. p. 4o0 (1788); Cab.
in Schomb. Reis. Guian. iii. p. 704 (1848); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Alced. p. 6 (1863) ; id. op. cit. Revue, p. 2 (1874).
Petit Martin-peclieur vert de Cayenne, Daubent. PL Enl. viii. pi. 756.
figs. 2, 3.
Le Martin-peeheur vert et orange, Buff. Hist. Nab. Ois. vii. p. 218
(1780).
Supercilious Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 643 (1782).
Ceryle superciliosa, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 82 (1847) ; id. List Fissir.
Brit. Mus. p. 62 (1848); Bp. Consp. I p. 160 (1850) ; Cass. Cat.
Male. Philad. Mus. p. 3 (1852); Uot. Ois. Trin. p. 114 (1866) j
Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 93, pi. 28 (1868, pt.) ; Gray, Iland-l.
B. i. p. 98, no. 1193 (1869) j Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 24 (1871) ; Scl. 8?
Sah. Nomencl Av. Neotr. p. 103 (1873, pt.) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 293; Tacz. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 106 (1886); Sah. Ibis, 1886,
p. 60; W. L. Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 318; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Eist. ii. p. 109 (1889).
2. OEBTIE.
139
Ckloroeeryle superciliosa, JReichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 28, pi. 415.
figs. 1122-24 (1851); Burm. Th. Bras. ii. p. 408, note (1856);
Cab. 8f Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 146 (1860); Sol. Cat. Amer.
B. p. 265 (1862).
Amazonis superciliosa, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 10 (1854).
Adult male. Above shining green; forehead and wing-coverts
spotted with ochre; a spot on each side of the head at the base of
the bill, extending backwards over the eye, pale reddish ; the neck
encircled with a band of white feathers tipped with reddish; wing-
feathers blackish, the secondaries having the outer web edged with
green-spotted ochre and the basal half of the inner web pale reddish;
under surface deep red, becoming gradually paler on the throat and
cbin; abdomen and under tail-coverts pure white: bill black, the
basal portion of the lower mandible yellowish ; feet reddish ; eye
dark brown. Total length 5 inches, culmen 1, wing 2*2, tail 1-6,
tarsus 0-2.
Adult female. Differs from the male in having a broad pectoral
band composed of green feathers edged with white.
Bab. Prom Bolivia to Amazonia and Brazil, north to Guiana and
Trinidad.
a,h. (j1 g ad. sk. South America. Gould Coll.
e, d. cJ $ ad. sk. South America (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
e. cJ ad. sk. Trinidad.
Sclater Coll.
/ .
d1 ad. sk. Demerara River, British GuiSalvin-
Godman Coll.
ana (JR. Swain).
g.
c? imm. sk. British Guiana, Dec. (W. L. Sclater Coll.
Sclater).
h.
<$ imm. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana, June Salvin-Godman Coll.
13 (H. WMtely).
i. § ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Jan. 7 (JET. W.).Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. $ ad. sk. Demerara (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
I. $ ad. sk. Demerara.
Purchased.
m.
c? ad. sk. Maroni River, Surinam Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Sappier).
n. 5 ad. sk. Cayenne.
Sclater Coll.
o. $ ad. sk. Cayenne [Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
p.
$ ad. sk. Island of Mexiana, Nov. (A. Salvin-Godman Coll.
JR. Wallace).
q. $ ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru, July (J. Haux-Salvin-Godman Coll.
well).
r.
$ ad. sk. Ckyavetas (E. Bartlett : Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.).
s,
t. <$ ad. et Brazil (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk.
v. $ imm. sk. Pernambuco (Craven). Sclater Coll.
w. c? ad. sk. Bahia (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Subsp. a. Ceryle stictoptera. (Plate IY. fig. 2.)
Ceryle superciliosa (nee L.), Scl. ty Salv. Mis, 1859, p. 131; iid.
I>. Z. S. 1870, p. 837; Sumichr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. JET. i. p. 560
(1869) j Scl. $ Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neoir. p. 103 (1873, pt.) j Lawr.
140 AICEDHra)^!.
Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 30 (1875) ; Nutting, Prac. U.S. Nat.
Mus, v. p. 400 (1S82) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 453; Salv. Ibis,
1889, p. 371,1890, p. 88.
Ceryle superciliosa stictoptera, Riclgio. Proo. Biol. Soc. Washington,
ii. p. 95 (1884).
Adult male. Similar to G. superciliosa, but apparently never without
fulvous spots on the quills at any age. Total length 5'3 inches,
culmen 1-3, wing 2-35, tail 1-35, tarsus 0-3.
Adult female. Similar to the female of G. superciliosa, but showing
fulvous spots on the quills. Total length 5*8 inches, culmen 1*25,
wing 2-3, tail 1-5, tarsus 0-3.
Hah. Central America from. Mexico to Panama.
a. $ ad. sk. CMmalapa, Tehuantepec, Mar. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(W. B. Richardson).
b, c. c? ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Feb. (O. S.).
d. $ ad.sk. Vera Paz [Hague). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. $ ad. sk. Mouth of Biver Samala, Gua- Salvin-Godman Coll,
temala (O. $.),
f. Ad. sk. Cozumel Island, May (<?. F. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gaumer).
g,h. S $ ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
10. Ceryle sequatorialis. (Plate IV. fig. 1.)
Adult male. Similar to G. superciliosa, and having the wings unspotted
like that species. It differs, however, in having the under
tail-coverts white, spotted with green, and in having some green
spots fringing the upper border of the white abdomen, these spots
separating the latter from the chestuut of the breast. Total length
5*7 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 2*35, tail 1*4, tarsus 0-3.
Hab. Ecuador.
a. 2 ^d. sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador ( Yillagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.
3. ALCED0.
Type.
Alcedo, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 178 (1766) A. ispida.
Range. Over the greater part of the Old "World, excepting Aus
tralia and Polynesia. Absent in the JSTew World.
Key to ilie Species.
a. With no complete band across the breast,
but having a patch of blue or green on the
sides of the upper breast.
a'. Under surface of body light orange-rufous
or orange-brown,
a". Ear-coverts entirely rufous, contrasting
with the blue cheeks ispida, p. 141.
I", Ear-coverts rufous, but with blue on the
fore part and behind the eye Jloresiana, p. 151,
3 . ALOJEDO. 141
c". Ear-coverts blue like the cheeks and
rest of the side of the face.
a'". Scapulars bright blue; head blue,
barred with black; streak on the side
of the neck white or buffy white.
a1. Under surface of body bay or light
orange-brown; length about 6'5
inches ispidoides, p. 152.
b%. Under surface of body light orange-
buff; length, about 7 inches ... . semitorqimta, p. 153.
b'". Scapulars black; head dingy black,
with narrow bars of dull green; band
on sides of neck deep orange-buff or
bay euryzona $, p. 154.
b'. Under surface of body deep chestnut-
rufous or maroon.
d". Wing-coverts spotted with green or
greenish blue; the cheeks and sides of
face bluish green; head and neck barred
with green. Size large; length about
8 inches grandis, p. 156.
e". Wing-coverts spotted with purple or
purplish blue, not green ; sides of face
blue or purple; head barred with blue
or purple.
c"\ Size larger; wing 2;9-3-3 inches; , ouadr{brachv„ „ 157
\ Zmcl1J™ a
purple bars on head indistinct.cflVs>V-&'•
> P-156
A Size smaller; wing 2-55-2-7 inches ; < ffwnthenbars
on head vivid and distinct.
e4. Spots on wing-coverts pitrple without
cobalt lustre meninting, p. 157.
d1. Spots on wing-coverts distinctly
blue or greenish blue beavani, p. 160.
b. With a complete pectoral band of greenish
blue, mottled with white spots; sides of
body dusky blackish; streak on sides of
neck rufescent; scapulars black washed
with green. Size large; total length 7-5-8-0
inches euryzona, p. 154.
c. With a complete pectoral band of greenish
blue, like the sides of the body; streak on
sides of neck white ; upper surface greenish
blue, lighter on the back. Size small; total
length 5-5*5 inches beryllina, p. 161.
1. Alcedo ispida.
The Little Indian Kingfisher, Edwards, Nat. Hist. B. i. p. 11,
pi. 11 (1743).
Le Martin-pescheur, JSriss. Orn. iv. p. 471 (1760).
Le Martin-pescheur de Bengale, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 471 (1760).
Alcedo ispida, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 179 (1766); Gm, Syst. Nat. i.
pp. 448 (1788); Pall Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 435 (1811); Vieill.
N. Lid. d'Hist. Nat. xix. p. 396 (1818); Temm. Man. d'Om. i.
p. 423 (1820j; Naum. Tog. Leutschl. v. p. 480, Taf. 144 (1826);
Werner, Atlas, Alcyons, pis. 2, 3 (1827); BrAm, Vog. Leutschl.
p. 148 (1831); Mtnkr. Cat.JRais. Cauc. p. 46 (1882) ; Mttl.Kupf.
Vog. p. 22, pi. 29. fig. 1 (1832); Selby, Brit. B. i. p. 136 (1833);
142 ALCEDIHID^.
Gould, B. Eur. ii. pi. 61 (1837); Macgilliv. Br. B. iii. p. 671
(1840); Crespon, Orn. Gard, p. 294 (1840); Keys. u. Bias.
Wirb. JEur. p. 140 (1840); Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Russ. Merid.
iii. p. 207 (1840); Selys-Lowjch. Faune Beige, p. 108 (1842);
Rilpp. Syst. Uebers. p. 23 (1844); Schl. Rev. Crit. p. Hi (1844) ;
Muhle, Beitr. Orn. Griechenl. p. 31 (1844) ; Gray, Gen. B.
i. p. 81 (1847); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 62 (1848) j Thomps.
B. Irel. i. p. 369 (1849); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 49
(1849) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 158 (1850); C'assin. Cat. Halcyon. Philad.
Mus. p. 1 (1852); Kjm-b. Orn. Ban. pi. xiii. fig. 3 (1852); Schl.
Voff. Nederl. pi. 134 (1854); Bp. Consp. Volacr. Anis. p. 10
(1854); Hewits. Fggs Br. B. i. p. 255, pi. 54. fig. 1 (1856);
Sundev. Sv. Foql. pi. Ixx. %. 2 (1850-72); Jaub. et Barth.-
Lapomm. Rich. Orn. p. 326 (1859); E. C. Taylor, Ibis, 1859, p. 47;
Wright, Finl. Foql. p. 287 (1859); Cab. £ Heine, Mus. Hem.
Th. ii. p. 143 (I860); Poieys, Ibis, 1860, p. 236; Liaderm. Tog.
Griechenl. p. 43 (1860) ; ScM. Bier. Kederl. Vog. pi. 14. %. 2
(1861) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1862, p. 278; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alcedines,
p. 6 (1863); Gray, List Br. B. p. 36 (1863); Radde, Reis. Sibir.,
Fog. p. 143 (1863); Adams, Ibis, 1864, p. 15; Wright, t. c. p. 73 ;
Allen, t. c. p. 237 ; Sperling, t. c. p. 282 ; More, Ibis, I860, p. 138;
Tristr. Ibis, 1866, p. 84; Lilford, t. c. p. 178; Degl. $ Gerbe, Orn.
Eur. i. p. 173 (1867); Taylor, Ibis, 1867, p. 56; Brake, t. c.
p. 425; Loche, Expl. Sci. Alger., Ois. ii. p. 94 (1867) ; Betioni,
Ucc. nidif. Bomb, ii., Alced. pis. 1,1 a (1868); Smith, Ibis, 1808,
p. 449; Collett, Norqes Fugle, p. 147 (1869); Gray, Hand-l. B. i.
p. 95, no. 1151 (1869); Keulem. Onze Vog. i. pi. 45 (1869);
Borqgr. Voqelf. Norddeutschl. p. 68 (1869) ; Saunders, Urn, 1869,
p. 172; Doderl. Avif. Sicil. p. 50 (1869); Heiigl. Or?i. N.O.-Afr.
i. p. 177 (1869); D'roste, Voq. Bork. p. 84 (1869) ; Wyatt, Ibis,
1870, p. 12; Elwes 8? Buckley, t. c. p. 189; Gould, B. Gt. Br.
ii. pi. 10 (1870) ; Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 1, pi. i (1870);
Fritsch, Vog. Eur. pi. si v. fig. 1 (1871); Salvad. Faun. Ital., Ucc.
p. 45 (1871); Saunders, Ibis, 1871, p. 67 ; B. Gray, B. TV. Scotl.
p. 204 (1871); Hartinq, Hanoi). Br. B. p. 34 (1872); Godman,
Ibis, 1872, p. 169; Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 104 (1872); Brooke,
Ibis, 1873, p. 236; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873) ; Humef
Sir. F. i. p. 168 (1873); Wright, Ibis, 1874, p. 237 ; Lilford, Ibis,
1875, p. 16; Cordeaux, t. c. p. 184; Ban/. i§-Harvie-Broicn, t. c.
p. 300; Dresser, B. Eur. y. p. 113, pi. 290 (1875); Irby, B. Gibr.
p. 68 (1875) ; Stoliczka, Sir. F. iii. p. 219 (1875); Fallon, Ois.
Belg. p. 122 (1875); Wharton, Ibis, 1876, p. 19; Dresser, t. c.
p. 320; Blanf, East. Persia, ii. p. 121 (1876); Butler, Sir. F. T.
p. 208 (1877); Danf. Ibis, 1877, p. 202; 1878, p. 7; Bogd. B.
Cauc. p. 114 (1879); Finsch, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxix.
p. 153 (1879) ; Bidler, Cat. B. Sind etc. p. 17 (1879); Hume, Str.
F. viii. p. 86 (1879); Danf. Ibis, 1880, p. 83; Seeb. t. c. p. 193;
Newt. ed. YarreWs Br. B. ii. p. 443 (1881) ; C. Sicinh. Ibis, 1882,
p. 102; Seeb. t. c. p. 289; B. O. TI. List Br. B. p. 80 (188%
Liebe, J.f. 0. 1883, pp. 280-291; Seeb. Ills, 1883, p. 21; Irby,
t. c. p. if 9; Booth, Rough Notes, ii. pi. (1881-87) ; Gigl, Iconogr.
Avif. Ital. sp. 59 (1882); Homeyer $ TancrS, MT. orn. Ver,
Wien, 1883, p. 83; Chapm. Ibis, 1884, p. 97; Saunders, t. c,
p. 379; Seeb. Hist. Br. B. ii, p. 341 (1884); Tristr. Faun. $ Flor.
Palest, p. 86 (1884); Radde, Orn. Cauc. p. 323 (1884); Murray,
Vertebr. Faun. Sind, p. Il l (1884); Whitehead, Ibis, 1885, p. 27 j
Reid, t. c. p. 247; Gigl. Avif. Ital. p. 213 (1886) ; Sharpe, Ibis,
1886, p. 106 ; Salvad. Elench. Ucc. Ital. p. 76 (1887) ; Bachh. Ibis,
3. AXCEDO. 143
1887, p. 72; Tait, t. e. p. 805; Lorenz, Beitr. Orn. Kauo. p. 43
(1887); Lilford, Col. Fig. Brit. B. part viii. (1888) ; St. John,
Ibis, 1889, p. 157; Lilford, t. c. p. 131; Gir/L Avif. Ital, 1st
Resoc. p. 350 (1880); Seeb. B. Japan. Emp. p.'l75 (1890).
Marfciu-peclieur, Daubent. PL Enl. viii. pi. 77.
Le Martin-pecheur ou l'Alcyon, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 164 (1780).
Le Martin-pecheur, Buff. t. c. p. 201 (1790).
Common Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 626 (1782); Yarrell,
Hist. Brit. B. ii. p. 206 (1843).
Indian Kingfisher, Lath. t. c. p. 631 (1782).
Alcedo bengalensis, Gm. Si/st. Nat. i. p. 450 (1788); Vieill. N. Diet.
d'Hist. Nat. xix. p. 400 (1818); Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 84;
Kitt. Kupf. Vog. p. 22, pi. 29. fig. 2 (1832); McClell. P. Z. S.
1830, p. 150; Jerd. Madr. Jour. xi. p. 231 (1840); Hodys. Icon.
ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, pi. 17. fig. 2 (no. 600) ; id. in Gray's
Zool. Misc. p. 82 (1844); Blyth, J.A.S.B. xv. p. 11 (1846);
Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc, Nepal pres. Hodys. p. 57 (1846) ; id. Gen.
B. i. p. 81 (1847); id. Cat. Fiss. Brit. Mus. p. 68 (1848); Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. sis. Soc. p. 49 (1840); Bp. Co?isp. i. p. 151 (1850);
Cass. Cat. Hale. Philad. Mus. p. 1 (1852); Layard, Ann. fy Mag,
N. H. (2) xii. p. 172 (1853); Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 269 ; Bp.
Consp. Vol, Anis. p. 10 (1854); Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus.
E.I. Co. i. p. 129 (1854); Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 474; Gould,
P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 150,151 j Adams, t. c. p. 174; Surink Ibis, 1860,
p. 49,1861, pp. 31,328; Cab. $ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th.ii.p. 144(1860 ;
Gould, B.Asia,i.pi.53 (1802); Jerd.B.l?«U.p. 230 (1862); Blakist.
Ibis, 1802,p. 325; Schomb. Ibis, 1804,p. 247; Blyth, Ibis, 1866,p. 348;
Whitely, Ibis, 1867, p. 198; Sioinh. t. c. p. 408; Tytler, Ibis, 1868,
p. 196; Bulger, Ibis, 1869, p. 156; Beavan, t. c. p. 409; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 95, no. 1152 (1869); Godw.-Aust. J. A. S. Beny.
xxxix. p. 95 (1870) ; Stol. t. c. p. 297; Sioinh.rIbis, 1870, p. 92;
Blanf. t. c. p. 465; Sharpe, Monoyr. Alced. p, 11, pi. 2 (1870);
Sioinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 347; Blanf. J. A. S. Beny. xl. p. 271
(1871) ; Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 166 (1872); Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872,
p. 424; Stoliczka, J. A. S. Beny. xli. p. 232 (1872); Hume $
Henders. Lahore to YarJe. p. 178 (1873); Walden, Ibis, 1873,
p. 302; Hayes'Lloyd, t. c. p. 407; Hume, Nests # Eygs Ind. B.
p. 107 (1873); id. Sir. F. i. pp. 168, 305, 450 (1873); Adam, t. c.
p. 372 ; Bainey, t. c. p. 496; Hume, Str. F. ii. pp. 173, 470 (1874) ;
Ball, t. o. p. 387 ; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 92 (1874) ; Hume, Str.F.
iii. p. 72 (1875) ; Blyth $ Wold. B. Burm. p. 71 (1875); Butler,
t. c. p. 456 ; Fairb. Str. F. iy. p. 254 (1876); Armstr. t, c. p. 307;
Dresser, Ibis, 1870, p. 320; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 6; Tweedd.
P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 690, 757; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 297; Wardl. Ramsay,
t. c. p. 457; David $ Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 74 (1877); Tweedd. P. Z. S.
1878, pp. 341, 709, 943; Anders. Rep. Zool. Eocped. Yunnan,
p. 580 (1878); Blakist. # Fryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 229; Hume #
Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 77 (1878); Ball, Str. F. vii. p. 204 (1878);
Cripps, t. c. p. 260; Leyge, B. Ceylon, i. p. 292 (1878); Meyer,
Ibis, 1879, p. 04; Hume, Sir. F. viii. pp. 49, 86 (1879); Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 193 (1879); Sadly, i.e. p. 238;
Doig, t. c. p. 870; Brooks, t. c. p. 468; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 329; Butler, Cat. B. Sind $c p. 16 (1879); id. Cat. B. S.
Bomb. Pres, p 20 (1880); Salvad. Orn. Papuasia e delle Molucche,
i. p. 407 (1880); Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 50 (1880); Bingham, t. c.
p. 155; Butler, t. c. p. 383; Bolau, J. f. 0. 1880, p. 115, 1881,
p. 53 ; Eelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 382 ; H. H. Slater, Ibis, 1882, p. 432;
AicEDrtraxai:.
C. Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 102; Jouy, Proa. U.S. Nat. Mus. yi.
p. 310 (1883); Homeyer §• TancrS, MT. om. Ver. Wien, 1883,
p. 83; Parker, Ibis, 1883, p. 193 ; Oates, Handb. B. Brit. Burm.
fi. p. 72 (1883); Blakist. Amended List B. Japan, p. 13 (1884);
Murray, Vertebr. Faun. Sind, p. Il l (1884); Seeb. Ibis, 1884,
pp. 261, 428; Sharpe, t. c. p. 318; C. H. T. Marshall, t. c. p. 409;
Guillem. P. Z. S.1885, pp. 255, 407,504, 547 ; C. Swinh. § Barnes,
Ibis, 1885, p. 61; A. Mull. J. f. 0. 1885, p. 156; Vorderm. N. T.
Nederl. Ind. xlvi. p. 11 (1886); Qigl. $ Salvad. P. Z. S. 1887,
p. 581; Shavpe, Ibis, 1886, p. 488; Beid, Sir. F. x. p. 22 (1887) ;
Oates, t. c. p. 187; Davidson, t. c. p. 296; Davkon, t. c, p. 3oi;
Taylor, t. c. p. 457 ; Terry, t. c. p. 471 ; Styan, Ibis, 1887, p. 280;
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) iv. p. 584 (1887) ; Doerries, J.f. 0.
1888, p. 65; Vorderm. N. T. Nederl. Ind. xlix. p. 393 (1889);
Hartert, J. f. 0.1889, p. 365 ; St. John, Bis, 1889, p. 157 ; Everett,
P. Z. S. 1889, p. 225; id. Journ. Straits Branch B. As. Soc. 1889,
p. 158 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, pp. 18, 283 ; Whitehead, t. c. p. 45 ;
Oates, ed. Hume's Nests § Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 1 (1890).
Alcedo ispida bengalensia, Temm. § Schl. Faun. Jap., Aves, p. 76,
pi. 38 (1830) ; Seebohm, Ibis, 1882, pp. 248, 424; id. Ibis, 1887,
p. 176.
Alcedo ispida, var. bengalensis, Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 293
(1822); Schrenck, Pels. Amurl. p. 265 (1859); Badde, Sibir. Beis.,
Vog. p. 143 (1863); Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873).
Alcedo Iiispida, Less. Traite, p. 243 (1831); Filippi, Viagg. Persia,
p. 346 (1865).
Alcedo subispida, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 149 (1831).
Alcedo advena, Brehm, t. c. p. 150, Taf. xi. fig. 2 (1831).
Alcedo pallasi, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 3, Taf. 392. figs. 3043-44,
Taf. 393. figs. 3045-40 (1851).
Alcedo bengalensis, var. sondaica, Reichenb. t. c. p. 3 (1851).
Alcedo japonica, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 10 (1854).
Alcedo brachyrhynchus, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 51 (1855).
Alcedo pallida, Brehm, t. c. p. 51,
Alcedo bella, Brehm, t. e. p. 51.
Alcedo sondaica, Cab. 8? Heine, Mus. Hein. Tb. ii. p. 144 (1860)
Ch-ay, Hand-l. B. i. p. 95, no. 1157 (1869).
Alcedo minor, Schl. Mus. Puys-Bas, Alced. p. 7 (1863); id. Vog.
Nederl. Ind., Alced. pp. 4, 43, pi. i. fig. 3 (1864).
Alcedo ispida minor, Ileugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 178 (1869).
Ispida bengalensis, Tacz. J. f. O. 1875, p. 254; id. Bull. Soc. Zool.
France, i. p. 135 (1876).
Alcedo sindiana, Hume, Sir. F. i. p. 168 (1873).
Dacelo minor, Snellem. in VetKs Midden-Sumatra, Vog. p. 36
(1887).
Adult male. General colour above greenish blue, with slight indications
of streaks of lighter blue on the scapulars; entire back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts rich cobalt-blue; wing-coverts greenish
blue, the median and greater coverts with spots of greenish cobalt;
bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally blue;
tail-feathers blue with black shafts; crown of head greenish blue
banded with dusky blackish, each blue bar having a central shaft-
streak of greenish blue, the blue of the nape and hind neck brighter
and not so green; lores blackish, surmounted by a broad streak of
orange-rufous; sides of face and ear-coverts orange-rufous; cheeks
3. ALcninu.
14,>
bright blue, barred with dusky blackish; on the sides of the neck a
broad band of buffy-whito feathers, slightly tinged with orange-
rufous; throat buffy white; remainder of the under surface from
the lower throat downwards rich orange-rufous; the sides of the
upper breast greenish blue; under wing-coverts orange-rufous like
the breast; quills dusky below, washed with rufous along the inner
web : bill entirely black; feet coral-red; iris dusky brown. Total
length 7'5 inches, culmen 1*75, wing 34 , tail 1*5, tarsus 0*35.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but rather duller and greener
in colour, and distinguished by having the basal half of the lower
mandible red. Total length 7 inches, culmen 1-55, wing 3, tail 1*4,
tarsus 0 ,J.
Young. Similar to the adults, but much more dingy in colour,
and always recognizable by the ashy colour which overspreads the
fore neck and breast, all the feathers being edged with dull ashy.
Eab. The whole of Europe and Northern Asia to the Japanese
Islands, throughout China, the Burmese countries, and the Indian
Peninsula, the Malayan Peninsula, and the In do-Malayan Islands to
the Moluccas. It will be noticed that I have united A. bengalensis
to A. ispida, as it is impossible to find characters for their separation.
a, b, c. Juv. st. Cambridgeshire. Mr. J. Baker [C.].
d. 2 ad.; e-k. Juv. Suffolk, May. T. Harcourt Powell, Esq.
st. [group]. [P.].
I, m. Ad. et imm. sk. Hendon,Middlesex(0.&). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n. Ad. sk. Kingsbury, Middlesex. J. E. Hirting, Esq. [P.].
o. $ juv. sk. Kingsbury, Aug. J. E. Harting, Esq. f P.").
p. § imm. sk. Highgate,Aug. (JR, B. 8.). Tweeddale Coll.
q.
Ad. st. British Museum Court-Mr. (x. Deacon [P.].
yard,Bloomsbury,London,
Dec.
r-u.
3 $ ad. et jun. Cookham, Berks, Feb., Gould Coll.
sk. April, June (J. Q.).
v. $ ad. sk Cookham, Dec. 29. E. B. Sharpe, Esq,
LL.D. [P.J.
to-z. 3 ad.; a'. $ Cookham, March, April, Tweeddale Coll.
ad. sk. Sept. (R. B. 8.).
b'-d'. Ad. sk. Cookham. Mr. J. Briggs [C.].
e'. 3 juv. sk. Harlow, Bucks, July 28. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.,
LL.D. [P.].
/' . $ juv. sk. Komney Marsh, Kent, R. B. Sharpe, Esq.,
Sept. 3. LL.D. [P.].
g', h'. 3 imm. sk. Pagham, Sussex, Sept., II. B. Sharpe, Esq.,
Oct. LL.D. [P.].
i'. $ ad. sk. Hampshire (P.L.Sclater). Tweeddale Coll.
h'. Ad. sk. Okristchurch, Hants, Baron A. Von Hiigel
Feb.
[P.].
V. Ad. sk. Devonshire. Montagu Coll.
m'. Juv.sk. Belgium, Aug. 8. Brussels Museum [P.],
ri. Ad. sk. Southern Spain (Col. L. Tweeddale Coll.
H. Irby).
o'.
3 ad. sk. Malaga, Nov. 11 (H. Tweeddale Coll.
Saunders).
VOL. xvn.
MO
p'. <? ad, nk.
#'. Ad. «k.
r', H'. (f ad. nk,
f. Ad. nk,
it'. Ad. nk.
r', {? ml.; «*',.»''. 9
ad. 8k.
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«'. Juv. HK.
«". 9 iuv-H'J«
ft". Juv, sic.
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<•"»/', ,v". Ad.sk.
A", cf juv. H){.
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k"lV,m". cfad. et
juv. sk.
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<t', tf ad. sk.
y . c? ad. sk.
r/', r". Ad. sk.
a", rj1 ad. sk.
f. d1 ad. sk.
u". Ad. sk.
r". Ad. sk.
?r". Ad. sk.
x". Ad. nt.
y", «". c? ad.; a1, $
ad. sk.
P, e*, d\ c? ad. sk.
e"1. 9 ad. sk,
f\ 9 ad. sk.
tf. d1 ad. sk,
P. Ad. ak,
t1, F, P. Ad. sk.
w3, n*. c? ad. sk,
0,-*\ <J ad.; i\
«\ 9 ad, sk.
i!1. 9 ad. sk.
w%. c? ad.; .r1, t/3.
9 ad, sk.
*\ cJ ad, sk.
AU'UDINin.II.
Rio Genii, Granada,
H»pt.-(//.«).
Enlarf'ja, Portugal, Nov.
Turin,'Italy, Nov.
Tripoli, April (Dickson
if Urns).
E^pl,
Egypt, Feb. ( G. & A'.).
Egypt (*V. Stafford Allen).
Jeduuh (Ztthrab).
Bidon.
Turkoy-in-Europo, Sept.
Asia Miuor (T, llobmn).
Crimea.
Shinw.
Ispahan, July 10.
Fao, Persian Gulf.
Muscat.
Muscat,Fob.22(A0.7/.).
Plshin, Persian Balu
chistan, Feb. 11,1872.
•Sauiarcand, Doc.
Tuikestaxj,
May 2 (Russoio).
Ala-Kul, Turkestan,
May 8.
Turkestan, April 18 (Dr.
St vertzqff),
Kashgar," Feb. 10 (Dr.
Stoluzha).
Kashgar (Jh\ Bclleiv).
(Siberia.
Kandahar, Afghanistan,
Feb, to April (Sir 0.
St. Jo?m).
Kandahar, Dec, Jan.,
Feb.
Gungazai, Afghanistan,
May 1.
Khushdil Khan, May 2.
Quetta, Ma? 0.
Quetta, Nov. (Sir 0. St.
John).
Kholat (0. T. Duke).
Dil Murad, Sind, Dec.
(A. O. II).
Jaeobabad, Dec.
(A. 0.
JS.i
Cumba, Upper Sind, Jan.
7 (A. 0. IL).
Karachi, Nov., Jan., Feb.
(JE.A. Butler).
Keothar Range, Sind,
DiX,f)(W,r.Btmvfanl).
Tweoddulo Ooll.
Dr. L. Vieira [P. |.
Count Salvador i [P"]
Gould (Jo 11.
Sir S. Baker.
Shelley Ooll.
Twooddalo Coll.
Bhelloy Ooll.
Canon Tristram [0.].
Gould Ooll.
Tweeddalo Coll.
Gould Coll.
Sir O. St. John [0.].
VV. T. Blanlbrd, Esq.
"W. D. dimming, Esq.
PP-]
Col". Miles [P.].
Hume Ooll.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
[CI
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Ooll.
Dr. 0. Fmsch [0.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Forsyth Exped.
India Museum.
Moscow Museum.
Hume Ooll.
Ool. O.Swinhoo[P.].
Col.O.Swinhoe[P.].
Ool.O.Swinho8[P.].
Col.O.SwinhoetP.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coil.
Hume Ooll.
Hume Ooll. (Types of
A. sindAiana.)
Hume Ooll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Ooll,
3. ALCTCDO.
U7
a1. (J ad. sk.
hK Ad. sk.
c\ Ad. sk.
<2S<?4. d1 imm.sk.
f-iK <$ ad. sk.
*l, ll. 6 $ ad. sk.
TO', d ad. sk.
»l. Ad. sk.
oK d1 ad. sk.
pl. <d ad. sk.
q\ Ad. sk,
>'1. Ad. sk.
s\ il. c? ad. sk.
«'. c? ad. sk,
vK 2 juv. sk.
wl. Juv. sk.
x\ c? ad. sk,
?/\ d1 imm. sk,
z\ a?, If. <S ad.
sk.
c\ Ad. sk.
d\ d1 ad. sk.
<»',/'. d-ad.;/,
$ ad. sk.
h\ i5. d 2 ad.
sk.
h\ $ ad. sk.
V. Ad. sk.
ml Ad. sk,
»\ d1 a(i. sk.
o'. Ad. sk.
ps, q\ r'\ Ad. sk.
s5, £\ d1 et juv.
sk.
tt'-a/1. Ad. et
. Juv.
y'-c8. Ad. et juv.
sk.
d?. Ad. sk.
en. Ad. sk.
/ \ Ad. sk.
gn, h°. Ad. et juv.
sk.
ie; ¥\ % ad. sk.
l'\ m*. $ ad. et
imm sk.
«''. d1 ad.; o°, ;/,
#H. $ ad. sk.
Banks of the Ilubb River,
Oct. 24.
Godra, Pancli Mehals, Sept.
Kathiawar, Dec, 1.
Deesa, April (R A.Butler).
Mount Abu, June (E. A.
Butler).
Delhi, Mar. 1.
Sirzadisfcrict,Panjab,Dec.6.
Lawrencepur, Pairjab, Feb.
3 (R. G. W. R.).
Abbotabad, Oct. 20.
Mutieliur Lake, Kashmir,
Y&h. 15.
Kashmir.
Kashmir.
Kashmir, Aug.
Simla, March (Br. Scott).
Simla, Aug.
Umbala,Feb.(.&. C.Beavan).
Dehra Dhoon.
Kaladungi, Dhoon, Sept.
Mussoorie, Feb.
Kumaon (Gen. Strachey).
Kumaon, March 13.
Etawah, Nov., Jan. ( W. E.
Brooks).
Futtegurh, Nov. (A, Anderson).
Ramghur, Nov. 8.
Behar.
Behar,
Tirhoot, April 10.
Nepal.
Nepal.
Nepal Vallev, Aug., Nov.
(Dr. Scully).
Native Sikhim, March, May
(L. Mandelli).
Sikhim,March, J\me, Dee.
(L. Mandelli).
Darjiling.
Darjiling.
Bhootan Doars, Dec.
Kamroop, Assam (A. IF.
Chennell).
Shillong, Dec. (J. Cock-
burn).
Dibrughur, Jan., Sept. (J.
R. Cripps).
N.
Khasia mils, Feb.,
March, Nov. (A. W,
Chennell),
Hume Ooll.
Hume Ooll.
Ool. Hayes Lloyd
Plume Ooll.
Hume Ooll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Ooll.
Tweeddale Ooll,
Hume Coll.
Hume Ooll.
E.
M. Lanarworthv,
Esq. [P.]."
B. B. Sharpe, Esq.,
LL.D. [P.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Ooll.
Tweeddale Ooll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Ooll.
India Museum,
Hume Coll.
Hume Ooll.
Seebohm Ooll
Hume Coll.
Hodgsou Coll,
Hodgson CoU.
Hume Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
Hume Ooll,
Hume Coll
Hume Coll,
Hume Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Ooll
Hume Ooll.
Hume Coll,
Tweeddale Coll
t2
148
ra, sB. Ad. sk.
ta a
, u. c5 ad. sk.
va, w6. Ad. sk.
x\y\ c?ad.; s°.
$ ad. sk.
a7. Ad. sk.
b7. Ad. sk.
c7, d7, e7. Ad. sk.
/ 7 , #7. Ad. sk.
h7, i7, k7. Ad. sk.
V. Ad. sk.
m7. Ad. sk.
n7. Ad. sk.
o7, p7. <$ $ ad.
sk.
q7. S ad. sk.
r7. S ad. sk.
s7-u7. c?a^.; w7,
.r7. $ ad. s-k.
y7, **, a8. Ad. sk.
&8. Ad. sk.
c8. Ad. sk.
d8. S ad. sk.
?8. Ad. sk.
f8. Ad. sk.
<?8. S ad. sk.
A8. $ ad. sk.
ia,ha. Ad.sk.
I8 8
, ra8. tfad.; w.
$ ad. sk.
o8. $ ad.sk.
p8. d1 ad. sk.
<f. $ ad. sk.
r8. (J ad.; s8, i8.
$ ad. sk.
ua. <S irnm. sk.
v, to3. Irnm. sk.
A-8, cj ad. sk.
z8, «n. (J $ imm.
sk.
6n9
, c, ds. c? ad.
sk. ^
e\ $ juv. sk.
ALCEDINID-X.
Cachar, March. (J. Inylis).
Manipur, March., April (A.
0. S.).
Dacca.
Calcutta, Jan.
Saugor.
Saugor (Hooper).
Kampti.
Khandeish.
Hhandeish, Oct. (J. Da
vidson').
Deccan {Col. SyTces).
Bombay.
Materhan, Nov.
Mahabaleshwur Hills, May
(S. B. Fairbank).
Twelve miles east of Ahmednuggar,
Dec. 17 (8.
B. F).
Khandala, May 9 (S. B. F.).
Belgaum, June to Sept.
(F. A. Butler).
Madras.
Madras (T. C. Jerdon).
Coorg.
Bangalore, June 17 (22. G.
W. R.).
Mysore (Dr. Day).
Mysore (22. G. W. 22.).
Mysore, Dec. 5.
Seegore, Feb. 17 f TV. D.).
Anjango, Travancore.
Travancore, Nov., Jan.,
April.
Vellarney Lake, Travancore,
June 21 (F. W.B.).
Cotta, Ceylon, Sept. 11
(W. &art),
Ceylon (<?. NeoiU).
Ceylon (S. Chapman).
Zike Ka Yai Creek, Burmah,
Oct. 23 (J. Armstrong).
Elephant Point, Dec, Jan.
(J. A.).
Akyah, April 7 (J. A.).
Diamond Island, Nov. 20
(J. A.).
Kangoon, Dec. (22.
G. W.
R.).
Tonghoo, Oct., Nov., Feb.
(22. G. W. 22.).
Karen Nee, March 15 (22.
G. W. R.).
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Dr. B. Hinde [V.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Eev. H. H. Baber
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
W.Da\ison,Es,q.T.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
F. TV. Bourdillon,
Esq. re.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
3 . AiCEDO.
149
/°. 2 ad. sk.
g\ h?. S ad. "et
juv. sk.
in,ka,la. S ad.sk.
TO3, ?in. 2 ad. sk.
o. d1 ad. sk.
p*,q*,r\ 2 ad.
sk.
s°. $ ad. sk.
f. d inmi. sk.
M°. 2 ad. sk.
v», w. d1 ad. sk.
x°. c? ad. sk.
y°. <$ ad. sk.
z>. cJ ad. sk.
a10. $ ad. sk.
b10-/10
. d ad. et
imm.; g10. 2
imm. sk.
A10
. 2 ad. sk.
i10 h10
,. 6 2 ad.
sk.
I10
. (J juv. sk.
m10. c? ad. sk,
n10. c? ad. sk.
o10. $ ad. sk.
1>10. 2 ad. sk.
10 10
q
. tf ad.; r,
s10. 2 ad. sk.
t10
. c? ad. sk.
M10
. c? ad. sk.
10 10
u
, w. 6 2 ad,
sk.
a.-10. $ ad. sk.
y10. S ad. sk.
z10. cJ ad. sk.
a11. 2 ad. sk.
6u n
,c . Imm.sk.
ad. sk.
<7". $ ad. sk.
h11
, i11. Juv. sk.
k11 I11
,, d 2 ad.
sk.
m11, ra11. c? ad.;
2 ad.
et j uv. sk.
Karen Hills, Jan. 13 (22.
G. W. JR.)-
Pegu, Jan., Feb.
Pegu, Sept., Dec.
S. Andaman, Dec, Jan,
(22. G. W. 22.).
Ross
Island, Andamans,
Dec. 15 (JR. G. W. 22.)
S. Andaman, Nov., Jan.
(W. Davison).
Aberdeen, Dec. 25 (TF.JD.).
Port Mouat, Jan. 7( W.D.).
Kondul Island, Nicobars,
March 15 (W. D.).
Nancowry Island, Nicobars,
Dec. (22. J. Wimberley).
Kollidoo, Tenasserim, Nov.
21 (W. Davison).
Kyouknyat,Jan.27( W.D.).
Dargwin, Jan. Q (W. D.).
Pahpoon, Jan. 12(W.D.).
Tbatone, Oct. to Jan. (W.
D.).
Wippitan, Dec. 11 (W.D.).
Moulmein, Dec. 2 (W. D.).
Tboungya, Oct. 11 (J. Dar
ling).
Pabyouk, March 12( W.D.).
Muleyit, Jan. 26 (JF. D.).
Meetan, Feb. 10 (W. D.).
Amherst, Dec. 18 ( W. D.).
Tavoy, March, April (W.
D.).
Mergui, Nov.l5(PF. D.).
Pakchan, Feb. 7 (W. D.).
Bankasoon, Dec, Jan. (W.
D.).
Malawun, Aprill2( W.D.).
Meklong, Siam.
Bangkok.
Bangkok, April 3 (Capt.
Conrad).
Saigon, Cochin Ohina.
Salang, March 4 (J. Dar
ling).
Tonka, Jan. 27 (J. D.).
Penang (Dr. Canto)').
Selangore, Dec, Feb. (W.
D.).
Malacca (Dr. Maingay:
22. G. W. 22.).
Tweeddale Coll.
Oates Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
flume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Flume Coll.
H. C. V. Hunter,
Esq. [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
B. B. Sharpe, Esq.,
LL.D. [P.].
M. E.Pierre [P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll,
150
s, tl\ <3 juv.
sk.
it}1, » . rf act.
sk.
tfo11. J ad.; o.JI,
3/11 11
, s. $ ad.
et juv. sk.
rtl2. $ ad. sk.
&l2-<712. <S ad ;
A12, i12. $ ad,
et juv. sk.
¥\ Ad. sk.
lvz 1
, m-. $ ad.sk.
rc12, o12. Ad. et
imm. sk.
12 13
p, q. Ad. sk
r12. $ ad. sk,
s12. Juv. sk.
t12
. $ ad. sk
w12. J ad. sk.
a12, c? ad. sk.
to1'2. $ ad. sk,
.r12. c? ad. sk.
y1'2. $ ad. sk.
z12. $ iruni. sk.
a13. $ ad. sk.
J13
. $ imm. sk,
c13. $ imm. sk.
<Z13. Ad. sk.
e13. Ad. sk.
/13,<713. Imfli.sk.
7i13. Ad. sk.
i™, ku. d ? ad.
sk.
l13ls
,m. $ ad.;
131313
», o3jp. $
ad. sk.
21313
-y. Ad. et
juv. sk.
£1314
-e. c? ad.;
/14
. $ ad. sk.
011-*1*. c? ad.et
juv. sk.
uli. Ad. sk.
vu. Juv. sk.
wu. Ad. sk.
^l
-zli. Ad. et
juv. sk.
ALCXDINISJE.
Ckohong, 26 miles from
Malacca, Oct. ( TV. D.).
Nealys, 32 miles from
Malacca, Oct. (W.D.).
Pulo Seban, Oct., Nov.
(W.D.).
Singapore, Jan. 23.
Singapore, Sept., Dec. (W.
D.).
Sumatra (Sir S. Raffles).
Lampong, Sumatra (E. C.
Buxton).
Labttan {J. Motley).
Lunibidan.
Sarawak.
Elopura, Sandakan (EC.
Fryer).
Luzon, April (Dr. A. B.
Meyer).
Saa Mateo, Luzon, Feb.
(A. Everett).
Monte Alban, Luzon, Feb.
(A. Everett).
Negros, March (Dr. A. B.
Meyer).
Cebu, March {A. Everett).
S. Leyte, Oct. (A. E,).
N. Bohol, Oct. (A. E.).
Zamboanga, Mindanao,
March (A. &).
Halmahera.
Halmahera.
Hainan, March. (R. Swin
hoe).
China (Ttlckett).
Hong Kong,
Canton.
Canton, April (R.Siuinkoe).
Ainoy, Dec.) April, May
(B. Sioinhoe).
Arnoy, April to July (JR.
&).
Formosa, April, March,
Nov. (R. S.).
Formosa, March to June,
Oct. to Dec. (JR. 8.).
Foochow, Jan. (R. S.).
Foochow (22. &'.).
Fokien.
Tingchow, Aug., Dec. (R.
£).
Hume Coll,
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Dr. MeKinlay [P.].
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Sir Hugh Low [C.].
Bajah Brooke [P.].
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Purchased.
Wallace Coll.
Seebohm ColL
Gould Coll.
Voy. H.M.S. ' Chal
lenger.'
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebuhm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould ColL
Seebohm Cull.
3 . ALCEDO.
151
als,bls,e15 . tfad.;
dls . Juv. sk.
e13 . $ ad. sk.
fls . tf ad. sk.
gls . S ad. sk.
7t15. 1mm. sk.
e'15. c? ad. sk.
Jcls . S ad. sk.
Z13 . Juv. sk.
Ningpo, April (JR. 8.).
Shanghai, Feb. (Capt.
Ince).
Shanghai, Aug. (R. Bergman).
Shanghai, March {Shanghai
Mm.).
Chusan, Oct. (Capt. Ince).
Chefoo, June 2 (22. &).
S. Manchuria, June.
Ussuri-Land (N. Prjemlslci).
Port Hamilton, Corea.
Seebohm Coll.
Mrs. Ince [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
H. M. E. James, Esq.
PP.]-
Seebohm Coll.
A. G. Wildey, Esq.
y13 , rls . cJ ad.
sk.
sls , tls . Ad. et
juv. sk.
uls . Ad. sk.
v15 . 2 ad. sk.
w15 . Ad. sk.
.r15 . $ ad. sk.
yls . Ad. sk.
zls-dXG . Ad. sk.
els . Ad. sk.
/1(W18 . Skulls.
Japan (ex Leyden Mus.).
Japan.
Yezo (McVean).
Hakodadi, Sept. 24 (H.
Whitely).
Hakodadi, Sept. (J, JBla-
Jciston).
Nagasaki.
Nagasaki, Jan. 25.
Yokohama (H. Fryer).
Liu Kiu Islands (H.Pryer),
Germany.
COO-
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
F. Kinger, Esq. [P.].
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Dr. Giinther [0.].
Subsp. a. Alcedo floresiana.
Alcedo bengalensis (nee Ghn.), Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 484.
Adult. Similar, to A. ispida, and having the rufous band on the
ear-coverts as in that species, but differing in its intense blue colour,
which is remarkably defined on the hind neck, and also in having
the blue colour continued under the hinder part of the eye and the
fore portion of the ear-coverts. Total length 6 inches, culmen 1*6,
wing 2-8, tail 1-25, tarsus 04.
This is an intermediate form between A. ispida and A. ispidoides,
differing from the former in the greater extent of blue on the sides
of the face, but still retaining the rufous band on the ear-coverts.
I t does not, howevor, show such a uniform blue side face as
A. ispidoides. Some remarks on the Elores specimens will be
found in my
' Monograph' (p. 14).
Hah. Island of Elores, Moluccas.
a, b. <$ ad. sk. Floret* (Wallace: SJiarpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
(Types of Bpecies.)
c, d. Ad. sk. Elores. Wallace Coll.
152
ALuSMBID.r..
2. Alcedo ispidoid.es.
Aleedo ispida (nee L.), Temm. PI. Col. iv. livr. 46, note (3824).
Alcedo ispida, var. moluccana, Lesson, Toy. Coquille, i. pt. 1, p. 343
(1826).
Alcedo ispida, vav. des Moluques, Less. t. c. i. pt. 2, p. 695 (1826);
Gray, P. Z. S. 1800, p. 348.
Alcedo bengalensis (nee Gm.), Less. Traite, p. 243 (1831, pt.) ; S.
Mull. Verh. nat. Gesch. Land-en Volkcnk pp. 87, 110 (1839-44).
Alcedo ispidoides, Lesson, Compl. Stiff, is. p. 345 (1837) ; Bp. Cunsp.
Valuer. Anis. p. 10 (1854); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. vii. p. 052
(1875), viii. p. 374 (1876), x. p. 300 (1877) ; id. Orn. Papuasia e
delle Molucche, i. p. 408 (1880) ; Meyer, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien,
xxxi. p. 774 (1881) ; Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Sac. xvi. p. 428 (1882);
Blasius fy Nehrh. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxxii. p. 418 (1882);
Blasins, P. Z. S.1882, p.- 703 ; _ Finsch, Vog. der Siidsee, p. 8 (1834);
Meyer, Sitz. Abhandl. Ges. Isis Dresden, 1884, Abth. i. p. 19 ; id.
Abbild, Voqel-Sk. Lief. vi. Taf. lxiii. fig. 1; Plasms, Zeitschr. qes.
Om. iii. p.92 (1886); Grant, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 192; Salvad. Agg.
Om. Papuasia, i. p. 53 (1889).
Alcedo moluccensis, Blyth, J. A, 8. Peng. xv. p. 11 (1846); id. Cat.
B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 49 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 158 (1850);
Beicherib. PZandb., Alced. p. 5 (1851); Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis.
p. 10 (1854); Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 25; Rosenb. N. T. Kederl.
Ind. xxv. p. 231 (1802) ; id. J. f. O. 1804, p. 118; Finsch, Neu-
Guinea, p. 151 (1865); Gray, Hand-l. B.'i. p. 95, no. 1150 (1809);
Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 21, pi. 4 (1870); Walden, Tram. Z. 8.
•viii. p. 45 (1872) ; Rosenb. Reist. Geelvinkbai, p. 0 (1875) ; Cab.
4'- Reichen. J. f.O. 1876, p. 323; Scl. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 105 ; Salvad.
t. c. p. 194; Scl. P. Z. S.1878, p. 671; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 10 ;
Meyer, Isis, 1879, p. 64 ; L. C. Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 299; Gu.illem.
P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 547, 566.
Alcedo minor moluccensis,
8chl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 3 (1863) ;
id. Vog. Nederl. Ind. Alced. pp. 5, 44, pi. L fig. 4 (1864).
Adult male. Similar to A. ispida, or rather to the smaller form
usually called A. bengalensis, but easily distinguished by the colour
of the sides of the faco and ear-coverts, which are entirely blue like
the cheeks and crown: " bill black ; legs dark brown ; iris brown''
(C. W. Woodford). Total length 6*8 inches, culmen 1*55, wing 2-85,
tail 1*2, tarsus 1-4.
The young bird differs from the adult in having the fore neck and
chest obscured by dusky margins to the feathers; the scapulars are
blackish slightly washed with blue.
Hab. From Celebes throughout the Moluccan and Papuan Islands
to the Solomon Archipelago.
a. Ad. sk.
b, c. $ $ ad. sk.
d, e. c?ad. etjuv.
sk.
Celebes.
Celebes (W. T. Fraser:
8harpe Coll.).
Menado.
Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
/. J ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
It. $ ad. sk,
Menado (A. R. Wallace).
Moluccas (Sharpe Coll.).
Bourn.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll,
AVallace Coll.
i, 5 ad. sk. Amboina, March 29 (Hoedt: Tweeddale Cull.
Sharpe Coll.).
3. ALCEDO. 153
k. g ad. sk. Wakai, N. Ceram (A, R. Tweeddale Coll.
1.
m.
n.
cJ ad. sk.
Jay. sk.
2 ad. sk.
Wallace).
Ilalrualiera (Sliarpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
Batcliian. Gould Coll.
East Cape, S.E. New C. Himstein [C.].
Guinea.
o. $ ad. sk.
p. <S ad. sk.
q, r. c? ad. sk.
Duke of York Island. Rev. G. Brown [0.].
Duke of York Island (Rev. Tweeddale Coll.
G. Brown),
Aola, Guadalcanal', April, C.M.Woodford,Esq.
July[
o.]3.
Alcedo semitorguata.
Alcedo semitorquata, Swains. Zool. Illustr. iii. pi. 151 (1823); Riipp.
Syst. Ziehen p. 20, pi. 7 (1845); Or ay, Gen. B. i. p. 81 (1847);
id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 63 (1848) ; Kaup, Fam. Alced, p. 17
(1848); Bp. Consp. i.p.159 (1850); Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 5,
Taf. 395. figs. 3054-55 (1851); Cass. Cat. Halcyon. Philad. Mus.
p. 4 (1852); Jard. Edinb. New Phil. Journ. (2) iii. p. 242 (1856);
Seugl. Syst. Uebers. p. 19 (1856) ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 34
(1857); Grill, Zool. Anteckn. p. 46 (1859); Cab. # Heine, Mus.
Hein. Th. ii. p. 143 (1860); Hartl. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 105; Schl.
Mus. Pays-.Bas, Alced. p. 10 (1863); Seugl J.f. 0.1864, p. 331;
Bayard, B. S. Afr. p. 65 (1867) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 95, no.
1160 (1869); Heiu/l. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 179(1869); Blanf.
Geol. 8f Zool. Abyss, p. 325 (1870); Fimch $ Hartl. Tog. Ostafr.
p. 859 (1870); Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam.-Zd. p. 58 (1872);
Ayres, Ibis, 1873, p. 281; id. Ibis, 1876, p. 425; Socage, Orn.
Angola, p. 95 (1871); Ayres, Ibis, 1879, p. 291; Shelley, Ibis, 1882,
p. 244 ; Butler, Feilden, # Reid, Zool. 1882, p. 206 ; Sharpe, ed.
Bayard's B. S. Afr. pp. 107, 806 (1884); Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civic.
Genov. (2) i. p. Il l (1884); Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 291.
Alcedo azureus, Bess. Traite, p. 243 (1831); Bucher. Rev. et Mag.
Zool. 1853, p. 385.
Alcedo quadribraokys (nee Bp.), Gurney, Ibis, 1859, p. 245, 1873,
p. 258; Bayard, B. S. Afr. p. 66 (1867); Sharpe, Ibis, 1869,
p. 283.
Adult male. Head and nape deep blue, banded with bright blue,
the sides of the head above the ear-coverts being of an exceedingly
rich blue colour ; back very rich cobalt; the scapulars washed with
bright blue; wing-coverts blue, with spots of greenish cobalt; quills
blackish, externally greenish hlue, the secondaries deeper blue on
the outer web; tail-feathers deep blue, blackish towards the base
and along the shafts; lores black, with a whitish streak above
them; sides of face and ear-coverts black washed with blue, the
cheeks brighter blue ; on the sides of the nock a band of yellowish-
white feathers tinged with orange ; throat white with a yellowish
tinge; remainder of the body orange-buff, with a large patch of blue
at the sides of the upper breast; under wing-coverts deep orange-
buff : "bill black; feet light red; iris dusky umber" (T. Ayres).
Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 1-95, wing 3-35, tail 1*5, tarsus 0-4.
I have no doubt but that, as in all other species of Alcedo, the
female of the present species has the base of the bill red, but I have
not seen an authentic specimen.
154
ALCEDINIDJC.
Young. Rather greener than the adult, and distinguished by the
bars on the chest, the feathers being fringed with black at the
ends.
The male from Kilimanjaro has the wing smaller (3*15 inches),
and is richer in colour than South-African specimens.
Sab. South Africa and East Africa as far north as Abyssinia.
a. Ad. sk. South Africa. Sir A. Smith [C.].
b. Ad. sk. South. Africa. F. Campbell, Esq.
[P.].
c. Juv. sk. South Africa. Tweeddale Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Orange River. Sharpe Coll.
/• Juv. sk. lvnysna, Jan.
Andersson).
10 (C. J. Sharpe Coll.
ticJ
ad. sk. Eland's Postmore).
(T. C. At-Skarpe Coll.
ll. <2 ad. sk. Eland's Post, Jan. 6 (T. Shelley Coll.
C. A.).
i. 3 juv. sk. AlgoaBaVj Sept. 20 (Sharpe Tweeddale Coll.
ft,1. Ad.
sk.
et ILIV.
J
Coll.)."
Natal (T. Ayres). Gould Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Durban,Natal( W.Qordge). Shelley Coll.
n, o. Imm, sk. Upper Umlaas Hirer ( W. Shelley CoU.
p.
?•
d1 ad. sk.
d1 ad. sk.
Gordge).
Transvaal (T. Ayres).
Rustenburg, E. Transvaal,
Sharpe Coll.
Gurney Cull.
July 4 (T. Ayres).
r. Juv. sk. Zambesi. Sharpe Coll.
s. Ad. sk. Shire Cataract (Sir J. Livingstone Exped.
Kirk).
t. Ad. sk. River Lumi at Rornbo, F. J. Jackson, Esq.
Kilimanjaro distiict. [P.].
u. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Shelley CoU.
4. Alcedo euryzona.
Alcedo cyanocephala (nee Shaw), Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii.
p. 293 (1820).
Alcedo euryzona*,
Temm. PI. Col. text in livr. 86 (1830); Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 81 (1847); id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 63 (1848);
Kaup, Fam. Abed. p. 17 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 1G9 (1830);
JReichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 418 (1851); Cass. Cat. Halcyon. Philad.
Mus. p. 1 (1852); Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 10 (1854); Horsf. $
Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 128 (1654); ScJil. Mus. Pays-
Bas, Alced. p. 10 (1863) ; id. Vog. Nederl. Ind., Alced. pp. 7, 45,
pi. i.figs. 1,2 (1864); Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 30, 1866, p. 348; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 95, no. 1153 (1869); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 2*9,
pi. 8 (1870); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 95 (1874); Hume, Str. F. iii.
p. 318 (1875); Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 297; Hume, Str. F. viii.
pp. 49,162 (1879); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 193
(1879); Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 248; Oates, Handb. B. Brit. Burm.
ii. p. 75 (1883) ; Blasius, J. f. O. 1884, p. 217; Vorderm. Kat.
Misprinted " cryzona " in PL Col.
li. ALCEDO, 155
Tijdschr, Nederl. Ind. xlvi. p. 11 (1886), xlix. p. 394 (1889);
Everett, Journ. Straits Branch B. As. Soe. 1889, p. 159; Sharpe,
Ibis, 1890, pp. 18, 283.
Alcedo nigricans, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 1180 (1847); id. Cat.
B. Mus. As. Soe. p. 49 (1849); Raine fy Davison, Str. F. vi.
pp. 81, 499 (1878); Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 86 (1879); Bingham,
Str. F. ix. p. 156 (1880).
Adult male (type of species). Head black,.narrowly banded with
dark berylline or greenish blue; ear-coverts obscurely, cheeks profusely
washed with brighter blue; a band of feathers along the
sides of the neck white, posteriorly orange ; scapulars black, washed
with dark berylline-blue; wing-coverts black, banded with bright
blue at the end of the feathers, each band having a brighter streak
of blue down the centre ; quills brownish black, pale orange at the
base, externally washed with dark berylline-blue ; entire back rich
silvery blue ; tail dark greenish blue above, black beneath; a very
small spot in front of the eye pale orange; throat and abdomen
white, the latter tinged with orange; a broadband across the breast
bright lazuli-blue, mottled with white centres to the feathers; flanks
blackish ; thigh-feathers buff, edged with black : " upper mandible
black, the lower one very dark brown, almost black, paler at the
base; logs and feet vermilion" (W. Davison). Total length
8 inches, culmen 1'9, wing 3'4, tail 1-4, tarsus 0-4. (Mus. Lugd.)
Adult female. Similar to the male, but has the breast deep orange-
rufous, without any blue pectoral band: " bill black, the lower
mandible dull vermilion; feet also vermilion" (J. Whitehead);
"iris very dark brown" (W. Davison). Total length 7-6 inches,
culmen 2-0, wing 3-4, tail 1-6, tarsus 0-4.
Younger males generally show a good deal of orange-buff on the
underparts. The bill, according to Mr. Whitehead, is black with
a pinkish tinge, and the feet are dull black ; the whole of the band
on the sides of the neck is also deep orange-buff. The bird described
in my ' Monograph' as young appears to have been a nearly adult
female.
Hub. From Southern Tenasserim to Malacca, Sumatra, Java, and
Borneo.
«. $ ad. sk. Foot of Mt. Nwalabo, TeHume
Coll.
b. $ ad. sk.
nasserim, May 24Davison).
Kaukaryit, June 18.
(W.
Major 0. T. Bingham
c. J ad. sk.
d. c? ad. sk.
Myawadee, Jan.
Damson).
Malawoon.
15 (W.
[P.].
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
e,f- $ ad.; g, h.
c? imni. sk.
i. 3 ad. sk.
k} I. J ad. &t.
Bankasoon, March to May
{W.D.).
Lampong, S.E. Sumatra
(B. C. Buxton).
[Sumatra.]
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Leyden Museum.
150 ALCBDlNir.T:.
5. Alcedo grandis.
Alcedo grandis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiv. p. 190 (1845); id. Cat.
B. Mm. As. Soc. p. 49 (1849); id. Ibis, 1865, pp. 80, 31, 1866,
pp. 348, 363; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 36, no. 1163 (1869); Sharjje,
Monoyr. Alced. p. 19, pi. 3 (1870); Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 52
(1870); Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 4; Godw.-Aust. J. A. S. Beng. xlv.
p. 09 (1876) ; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 86 (1879); Gates, ed. Hume's
Nests # Bgr/s lad. B. iii. p. 4 (1890).
Alcedo euryzona {nee T.), Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 231 (1802).
Adult. Head crested, black, -with transverse bars of pale greenish
cobalt, each bar having a little streak of silvery white down the
centre; scapulars blackish, washed with deep green ; whole of the
back rich silvery cobalt, deepest on the rump and upper tail-coverts;
wing-coverts blackish, washed with dark greenish blue, each feather
having a small mesial streak of silvery blue; quills blackish, the
inner web pale rufous at the base; the outer web of the secondaries
edged with dark greenish blue; tail indigo above, black beneath ;
cheeks and ear-coverts blackish, longitudinally streaked with silvery
cobalt; lores black, surmounted by a small spot of orange-buff,-a
longitudinal stripe along the sides of the nock and the throat white,
tinged with yellowish buff; rest of the under surface of the body
dark rufous: bill black; feet red. Total length 8 inches, cnlmen
]'7, wing 3*85, tail 1-65, tarsus 0-35.
Hah. Sikhim Terai, Eastern Himalayas, eastwards to the Dafla
Hills.
a. Ad. sir. Native Sikhim, March (L. Ma7idelli). Hume Coll.
b. Ad. sir, Sikhim (Z. Mandelli). Hume Coll.
c. Ad. &k. Baijiling. Hume Coll.
6. Alcedo gnentheri. (Plate IY. fig. 2.)
Alcedo quadribrachys (nee Bp.), Verr. Bev. et May. Zool. 1851,
p. 267; Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 134, cum fig.; Cass. Cat.
Halcyon. Philad. Mm. p. 2 (1852); Hartl. Orn. Westafr. p. 34
(1857, pt.) ; Cass. Proc. Bliilad. Acad. 1859, p. 34; Heine, J.f.O.
3860, p. 187; Hartl. J.f O. 1861, p. 105; DuChaillu, Equat.
Africa, p. 472 (1861; ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 95, no. 1159 (1869) ;
Sharpe, Monoyr. Alced. p. 25, pi. 0 (1870, pt.) ; id. P. Z. S. 1871,
p, 603 ; Sharpe fy Bonvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 31 (1876) ;
Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 537 (1881); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc.
v xvii. p. 485 (1884) ; Beichcn. J.f.O. 1887, p. 307, 1890, p. 116.
Adult. Head, neck, cheeks, and scapulars rich ultramarine; the
whole of the back and upper tail-coverts rich cobalt; a small spot
in front of the eye and a longitudinal patch of feathers along the
sides of the neck white tinged with rufous; wing-eoverts blackish,
washed with ultramarine; quills blackish, the inner web pale fulvous
at the base, the outer web edged with blue ; tail blackish, margined
with blue ; throat white; rest of the under surface of the body deep
rufous ; a patch of feathers on each side of the upper part of 1h<>
3 .
ALCEDO. 157
breast rich ultramarine: bill black; feet red; eye black. Total
length 6*5 inches, of bill from front 1-6, from gape 2-1, wing 2-9,
tail 1-3, tarsus 03 , middle toe 0-3, hind toe 0'35.
Hal. "West Africa, from the Congo to Gaboon and the Niger
district, as far as Lagos.
a. Ad. sk. Lagos.
Sir A. Moloney [P.].
b. Ad. sk. Shonga, R. Niger. Capt. M. Ferryman
[P.].
c. Ad. sk. Cameroons, Jan. 2 (A. Crossley). Sharpe Coll.
d. e. Ad. sk. Rio del Rey, Cameroons (II. H. Shelley Coll.
Johnston),
f. Ad. sk. Gaboon (J. Verreaux). Shelley Coll.
g,h. Ad.etjuv.sk. Gaboon. M. Verreaux.
i. Ad. sk. Gaboon (Verrecmx). Sharpe Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Gould Coll.
I, m. Imm. sk. River Ogow6. II.T.Ansell,Esq.[P.].
?i, o. Ad. sk. River Ogowe" (A. Marche). Shelley Coll.
p.
Ad. sk. Confluence of the OgowS. M. Marche [C.].
q. Ad. sk. Semmio, Niam Niam, March. F. Bokndorif [C.].
7. Alcedo qua&ribrachys. (Plate IV.fig. 1.)
Alcedo
quadribrachys, Bp. Consp. i. p. 158 (1850, descr. pess.; ex
Guinea); Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 5 (1851) ; Bp. Consp. Volucr.
Ants. p. 10 (1854); Schl. Handl. Dierk. p. 305, pi. iv. fig. 43
(1857) ; Hartl. Orn. Westafr. p. 34 (1857, pt.) ; Schl. Mtis. Pays-
Bas, Alced. p. 5 (1863) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 281; id. Monogr.
Alced. p. 25 (1870, pt.); Buttik. Notes Leyden Mus. viii. p. 248
(1886), x. p. 71 (1888).
Adult. Similar to A. guentheri, but having the back uniform
purplish blue instead of shining cobalt. Total length 6"8 inches,
culmen 1*9, wing 3*3, tail 1*5, tarsus 0'4.
Hab. West Africa, from Senegambia to the Gold Coast.
a. Ad. sk. Gold Coast (Zirby). Shelley Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk. Gold Coast (A. Swanzy). Tweeddale Coll.
d. Ad. sk. [Sierra Leone.] Sir E. Sabine [P.].
e. Ad. sk. River Gambia. Sharpe Coll.
8. Alcedo meiiinting.
Alcedo
meninting, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Son. xiii. p. 172 (1821);
Temm. PI. Col. iv. p. 239.fig.2 (1823) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xv.
p. 12 (1846); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 81 (1847) ; Kaup, Fam. Alced.
p. 16 (1848); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 49 (1849); Bp.
Consp. i. p. 158 (1850) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 269; Horsf. §•
Moore, Cat. B. Mus. B.I. Co. i. p. 130 (1854); Reichenb. Handb.,
Alced. p. 4, Taf. 394.figs. 3050-51 (1851) ; Cass. Cat. Hale. PMlad.
Mus. p. 3 (1852); Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 10 (1854); Cab. $
Seine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 144 (1860); Wall. P. Z. S. 1863,
p. 484; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 9 (1863); id. Vog. Nederl.
Ind., Alced. pp. 6, 44, pi. 3 (1804); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 95,
no. 1154 (1869); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 93 (1874); Sharpe,
158 ALCEDIOTDJE.
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 101; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. G52
(1875); Tioeedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 207 5 Hume <§• Davison, Str. F. vi.
p. 83 (1878); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 329; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 248 ;
Hume, Str. F. viii. pp. 50, 86 (1879); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genov. xiv. p. 193 (1879); Vorderm. Nat. Tijdsch: Nederl. Bid.
xli. p. 185 (1881) ; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 381 : A. Midi. J.f. 0.
1882, p. 397 ; Blasius, J.f.O. 1883, pp. 213, 215; Nichols. Ibis,
1883, p. 89; Blasius, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. hi. p. 94 (1886); Vorderm.
Nat. Tijdsihr. Nederl. Ind. xlvi. p. 11 (1886), xlix. p. 393 (1889);
Blasius] Ornis, 1888, p. 307; Sharpe, Ibis, lo90, pp. 18, 283.
Alcedo asiatica, Swains. Zool. Illustr. 1st ser. i. pi. 50 (1821); Sharpe,
Ibis, 1809, p. 281; id. Monogr. Alced. p. 25, pi. 5 (1870); Wald.
Ibis, 1872, p. 368 ; Hume, Str. F. i. p. 450 (1873) ; Meyer, Ibis,
1879, p. 64 ; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 255 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1888,
p. 197 ; Everett, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 226 ; id. Journ. Straits Branch
B. As. Soc. 1889, p. 159; Whitehead^ Ibis, 1890, p. 45.
Ceyx meninting, Ctivier, Pegne Anim. i. p. 444 (1829).
Alcedo bengalensis (nee Gm.), Less. Traite, p. 243 (1831, pt.).
Alcedo verreauxi, De la Berqe, Pev. Zool. 1851, p. 305, pi. 9 ;
Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 5, Taf. 403. fig. 3173 (1851); Blyth,
Ibis, 1866, p. 348; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 95, no. 1155 (1869).
Adult male (type of species). General colour above rich purplish
blue ; the entire back brilliant cobalt, changing to deeper blue on
the lower rump and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts black, washed
with purplish blue, with a small spot of brighter blue near the end
of each feather; quills black, the secondaries externally purplish
blue like the scapulars; tail black, washed with purplibh blue ;
crown of head black, barred across with purplish blue rather
brighter than the shade of the back; the hind neck beautiful
purplish blue, with the black cross bars more or less obsolete;
lores blackish, with a rufous supraloral streak; sides of face, ear-
coverts, and cheeks purplish blue like the crown, the feathers
mottled with black bases; behind the ear-coverts a broad band of
white tinged with ochreous buff; throat white with a rufous
wash ; rest of under surface of body from the lower throat downwards
chestnut-rufous, with a patch of purplish-blue lilac-tinged
feathers on each side of the upper breast: under wing-coverts
chestnut-rufous, a little paler than the breast: "bill blackish
brown; feet coral-red; iris brown " (A. Everett). Total length
5*3 inches, culmen 1-65, wing 2-55, tail 1*05, tarsus 0*35.
Adult female. Exactly resembles the male in colour, and has even
the cheeks blue like the male. It appears, however, always to have
the bill more or less red, and generally the greater part of the lower
mandible is rufous. Total length 5*5 inches, culmen 1-65, wing
2-6, tail 1-05, tarsus 0-25.
It would seem that my former surmise in the ' [Monograph,' that
the female differed from the male in having rufous cheeks, was a
mistake. This character is a sign apparently of young females only.
Not only does the Hume Collection contain several specimens carefully
determined by "Mr. Davison as " females," which have blue cheeks
like the male, but Sir Hugh Low sent me a hen bird captured on
the nest which has the cheeks entirely blue; and this seems to
3 . ALCEDO,
159
settle the point. The same excellent observer also forwarded a
nestling which, has a black bill with an ivory-white tip, and from
an examination of several nestlings it appears that in some at least
the sides of the face are blue, though the majority of young birds
have rufous cheeks and ear-coverts and generally a reddish bill.
These are probably young fomales, and in their case it is evident
that the blue colour on the sides of the face is gradually assumed, as
many of them have the cheeks and ear-coverts rufous sprinkled with
spots of blue. The scapulars are black in the young birds, as are
also the feathers
on the sides of the upper breast, and the blue on
the back is more silvery cobalt.
Hah. From Southern Tenasserim down the Malayan Peninsula
to Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Palawan, and Celebes.
a. tf ad. sk. [Pothanore, Madras, Oct. 13 (G. Hume Coll.
R. Theobald).']*
b. $
ad.; c. $ Bankasoon, Tenasserim, June Hume Coll.
imm. sk. (W. Davison).
d. 2
ad. sk. ELossoum, Upper Malay Peninsula, Hume Coll.
Aug. 22 (J. Darling).
e, 5 ad. sk. Salang, March 26 (J.D.). Hume Coll.
/. $ ad. sk. Poungyah, July :29 (J. D.). Hume Coll.
Klang, March, April, July (W. Hume Coll.
ad. sk. Davison),
k, I. Ad. sk. Penang. Seebohm Coll.
m. Juy. sk. Penang (A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll.
n. Ad. sk. Penang (A. R. W.; Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
o, jp. $ ad. et Malacca (Dr. Cantor). India Museum.
imm. sk.
q, r. Imm, sk. Malacca. Pinwill Coll.
s. Ad. sk.
Tweeddale Coll.
Malacca (A. R.
W.: Sharpe
Coll.).
Malacca (Dr. Maingay).
t, u. Ad. et
Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk.
v-l'. Ad. et Malacca, July to Sept. (W, DaHume
Coll.
imm. sk. vison).
c'. <5 imm. sk. Mount Ophir.
Wallace Coll.
d',e'. Ad. sk. Singapore. Gould Coll.
/'. $ imm. sk. Singapore Island, Aug. 2 ( W. D.). Hume Coll.
ff', h'. cfad. sk. Johore, March (W. D.). Hume Coll.
i', k'. Ad. et Padang, Sumatra (Leyden Mm.). Gould Coll.
imm. sk.
I', m'. Ad. sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra (JE. C. Tweeddale Coll.
Buxton).
ri. Ad. sk. Sumatra (CarlBock). Tweeddale Coll.
o', c? imm. sk. Sumatra (A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll.
p'. Imm. sk. East Java (A. R. W.). Tweeddale Coll.
q', r'. Ad. sk. Java (Dr. JBLorsjield). India Museum.
(Type of species.)
* This specimen seems to me to be a skin of Malaeean make, and it bears on
the label the name of Alcedo bengalen&is, I therefore think that the ticket
has been changed by some accident, and that the skin never really came from
Madras. If it was procured in the latter locality, the fact is most extraordinary,
as the bird is undoubtedly a true A. menintivff, and not A. beavani.
160 AICEDINTDJE.
s'--v'. Iurrnsk. Soerabaya, Java (W. T. Fi '•user: Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.).
IV1 . Ad. sk. "West Java (A. R. Wallace: Sliarpe Tweeddale Coll.
Coll.).
x'. , y'. Ad. sk.; Lab nan (Si)' Hugh Low). Sharpe Coll.
a',a". Imni.
sk.
b"'. Ad. sk. Labuan (J. Motley). Tweeddale Coll.
c" . Ad. sk. Lumbidan (Sir II. Low). Tweeddale Coll.
d"'. 2 imni. sk. Sarawak (A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
e". Iniiu. sk. Sarawak (H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
, g". <S juv. Marup, Sarawak (A. JEvere •ft). Tweeddale Coll.
f"
sk.
h" . Ad. sk. Banjarmassiug (/. Motley), Tweeddale Coll.
i" ,k". Imm.sk. Lombock. Wallace Coll.
I",. $ juv. sk. Lombock (A. M. Wallace). Gould Coll.
m ". J ad. sk. Lombock (A. R. W.). Tweeddale Coll.
n" '. Skeleton. Java. Purchased.
9. Alcedo Tbeavani.
Alcedo meninting (nee Mors/.), Beavan, Ibis, 1867, p. 819; Blanf.
Ibis, 1870, p. 465; Oates, Sir. F. v. p. 143 (1877); Ritme §•
Davison, Sir. F. vi. p. 84 (1878); Brooks, Str. F. viii. p. 468
(1879); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) iv. p. 584 (1887).
Alcedo asiatica (nee Sioains.), Ball, Str. F. i. p. 59 (1873); Hume,
Str. F. ii. p. 174 (1874) ; Ball, Str. F. iii. p. 289 (1875) ; Bli/th $
Wald. B. Burm. p. 71 (1875); Hume, Str. F. iv. p. 383 (1870) ;
Oates, Ilandb. B. Br. Burm. ii. p. 73 (1883); id. ed. Hume's
Nests $ Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 6 (1890).
Alcedo rufigaatra, Walden, Ann. # May. N. H. (4) xii. p. 487 (1873);
id. Ibis, 1874, p. 13G.
Alcedo beavani, Walden, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) xiv. p. 158 (1874);
id. Ibis, 1875, p. 461 ; Godio.-Aast. J. A. S. Benq. xlv. p. 193
(1876); Hume, Str. F. iv. p. 287 (1876), vii. p. 204 (1878); id.
# Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 84 (1878); Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 80
(1879), ix. p. 247 (1880); Butler, t. e. p. 383 ; id. Cat. B. S. Bomb.
Pres. p. 20 (1880); Davison, Str. F. x. p. 383 (1887).
Adult male. Similar to A. meninting in general appearance, but
-with the blue on the upper parts very bright, the bars on the head
and sides of face also brilliant blue ; the bright blue spots on the
wing-coverts always distinguish the species: " bill black, orange at
gape; feet vermilion ; iris brown " (W. Davison). Total length
5-7 inches, eulinen 1*6, wing 2-7, tail l'l, tarsus 0-85.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour, but having the
under mandible red. Total length 6 inches, wing 2*7, tail 1*2,
tarsus 0'35.
Hah. Southern and Central India to the Eastern Himalayas,
eastwards to Assam, Tenasserim, and Cochin China. Andaman
Islands.
a. <5 ad. sk. Mynall, Travancore (F. Bow- Hume Coll.
dillon).
b. $ ad, sk. Belgaum (A. E. Butler). Hume Coll.
3. ALCEDO. 161
<\ Ad. sk.
d. Ad.sk.
e. 2 ad. sk.
f. S ad. sk.
g. h. Ad. sk.
i. (S ad. sk.
k, I. <$ juv. sk.
m, n. Ad. sk.
o. 2 ad. sk.
p-x. <$ ad. etjuv.; ?/, z,
a'. 2 ad. sk.
V. 2 ad. sk.
c'. (S ad. sk.
d',e',f. cJad.
sk.
(J. tf ad. sk.
ti. S ad. sk.
i'. $ ad. sk.
k'-o'. S ad et
juv.; p'. 2
ad. sk.
q'. $ ad.; r'. 2
juv. sk.
s', S ad. sk.
t'. d1 ad. sk.
u', v'. (S ad. sk.
to'. S ad. sk.
x'. <$ ad. sk.
y'. $ ad. sk.
s'-d". c?ad.; e''
i". 2ad.sk.
k". $ ad. sk.
I''. Juv. sk.
m". $ ad. sk.
n". 2 ad. sk.
Msm\\bh.nam,'Ffb.(R.C.Beamn).
"ti&lbnvee^Dec.iA.Anderson).
JRajmehal Hills, Nov. (V. Ball).
Darjiling Terai.
Bhutan Dooars, Feb., May (L.
Mandelli).
Dibrughur, March 14 (J. R.
Cripps).
Assam, Jan. {A. TV. Chennell),
Dilkusha, Oachar, Sept. (J.
Ini/lis).
South Andaman, Sept. 23 (De
Roepstorff).
South Andaman, April, May,
Aug. to Dec. ( W. Davison),
Port Blair, May (W. D.).
Aberdeen, May ( W. D.).
South Andaman, Feb., March
(R.G.W.R.).
Andamans, Sept. (R. J. Wim
berley).
Tonghoo, Feb. 17 (It. G. W. R.).
Iiviwady Delta, June 7 (A. L.
Hough).
Lower Pegu, June to Sept. (E.
W. 0.).
Amherst, July, Sept. (W. B.).
Yea, April (W. B.).
Moulmein, July (W. B.).
Tavoy, March (IF". B.).
Younzaleen River, March 30.
Malawoon, Feb. 22.
Malawoon, April (TV. B.).
Bankasoon, April, May, June
(W.B.).
Cochin China.
Celebes.
Makassar (A. R. Wallace),
Togian Islauda (A. B. Meyer),
10. Alcedo beryllina.
Le Petit Martin-pecheur aigue-marin, Temm.
(1807).
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
(Types of species.)
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Major T. C. Bing
ham.
Oates Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Cat. Syst. p. 213
Alcedo beryllina, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xix. p. 414 (1818) ;
Cassin, Cat. Halcyon. Philad. Mus. p. 2 (1852); Schl Mm. Pays-
Bas, Alced. p. 11 (1863)';"^. Von. Nederl. Ind. pp. 8,45, pi. 3.
fig. 1 (1864); Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 95, no. 1158 (1869); Sharpe,
Monogr. Alced. p. 31, pi. 9 (1869) ; Vorderm. N. T. Nederl. Ind.
xlix. p. 394 (1889).
Alcedo cferulescens (nee Gm.), Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xix.
p. 401 (1818) ; id. Enc. MSth. i. p. 394 (1823); Gray, Gm. B. I
VOL. XVII. M
162
ALCBDIKID^l.
p. 81 (1847)} JPueher. Rev. Zool 1853, p. 389 ; Bp. Consp. Vol.
Anis. p. 10 (1854); Hartl. J.f. 0. 1855, p. 423.
Aleedo biru,
Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. siii. p. 172 (1821); id. Zool
Research Java, p. 55 (1824) ; Temm. PI Col. iv. pi. 239. fig. 1
(1823); Blyth, J. A. S. Beruj. xv. p. 12 (1846); Gray, Gen. B. I
p. 81 (1847); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mits. p. 63 (1848) ; Blyth, Cat.
B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 50 (1849) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 158 (1850); Horsf.
fy Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 130 (1854); Wallace, P. Z. S.
1863, p. 484.
Alcyone beryllina, Tristr. Ibis, 1882, p. 135.
Adult male. General colour above bright greenish blue, barred
with black on the head; the entire back rich silvery cobalt, somewhat
deeper blue on the rump ; wing-coverts greenish blue, broadly
edged with greenish cobalt of a brighter tint, each margin with a
median streak of silvery blue ; quills blackish, externally greenish
blue; tail blue above, whiter on the inner web and at the base;
lores dull greenish blue, surmounted by a large spot of white; ear-
coverts deep blue ; cheeks lighter and more beryl-blue; throat,
abdomen, and under tail-coverts pure white, with a broad pectoral
band of bright greenish blue, this colour extending down the sides
of the body; under wing-coverts and quill-lining white. Total
length 5 6 inches, culmen 1-4, wing 2-4, tail 1, tarsus 0*3.
Adv.lt female. Similar to the male in colour, but a trifle less blue,
and having a somewhat narrower pectoral band, broken on its upper
margin by white mottlings. Total length 5*2 inches, culmen 1-3,
wing 2-35, tail 0'95, tarsus 0-3.
Hob. Java; Lombock.
a.
Ad. sk. Java (Dr. Horsfield). India Museum.
(Type of A. biru.)
b, c, d. Ad. sk. Soeraba3ra, Java (TV. T.Fraser: Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.).
e. S ^d. sk. E. Java. Wallace Coll.
ft 9-8 9 ad. sk. Lombock. Wallace Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Java.
India Museum.
4. C0EYTH0ENIS.
Type.
Corythornis, Kaup, Fam. Eisv, p. 10 (1848) C. galerita.
Range. Africa and Madagascar.
Key to the Sjpecies.
a. Bill black
cristata, p. 162.
b. Bill coral-red.
a'. Crest long and malachite-green cyanostigma, p. 163.
b'. Crest short, ultramarine-blue galerita, p. 166.
1. Corythornis cristata.
The ^Crested Kingfisher,
Edwards, Gleanings, pt. iii. p. 264, pi, 336
(1764: Island of Joanna).
4. CORi'THORNM.
Le Mirtin-PftsJieur hupd des Philippines, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 48,1,
pi. xxxvii. hg. 3 (1700).
Alcedo cristata, Linn. S. N. i. p. 178 (1766); Gm. S>/st. Nat. i.
p. 447 (1788) ; Cuv. lifr/ne Anim. p. 417 (1817) ; Vieill. N. Diet.
d'Hist. Nat. xix. p. 414 (1818); Bp. Camp, i. p. lot) (1850) ;
PucAe;-. Rev. Zoul. 1861, p. 337; tf/W^e, J6M, 1809, p. 279.
Crested Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. Q:$2 (1782).
Alcedo vintsiuides, Eyd. # <?<?ry. j2er. ei5 x¥tf<7. efe Zool. 1836, p. 30,
pi. 74; iid. Voi/. Favorite, Ois. p. 50, pi. 22 (1839); Gray, Gnu
B. i. p. 81 (1847); id. Cat Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 65 (1848); Eaup,
Fam. Alced. p. 12 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 109(1850); Pollen,
Nederl. Tijdsclw. Dierlc. p. 310 (18(13); Sckl. Mus. Pays-Bus,
Alced. p. 12 (1863); id. P. Z. S. 1806, p. 421; Grand. Bev. et
May. de Zool. 1867, p. 355 ; Schl. fy Poll. Faune Maday, Ois. p. 59
(1868); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 00, uo. 1108 (I860).
Corythovnis
viutsioidea, Reichenb. Ilandb., Alced. p. 19, Taf. 391.
figs. 3404-5, Taf. 390. fig. 3059 (1851); Cass. Cat. Halct/on.
Philad. Mus. p. 7 (1852) ; Bp. Comp. Valuer. Anis. p. 10 (1854);
Roch 8r E. Newt. Ibis, 1862, p. 271; Scl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 102 ;
E. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 341; A. Neivt. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 834 ; Cab.
in Von der Decken's Reis. p. 30 (1809); Sharpe, Ibis, 1809, p. 280;
id. Monogr. Alced. p. 33, pi. 10 (1809); Bartlett, P. Z. S. 1879,
p.771.
Corvthornis
cristata, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1809, p. 508, 1870, p. 398; id.
Monogr. Alced., Intr. p. vi (1871); id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 6 (1871) ;
Bartlett, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 05; Ilartl. Tog, Maday. p. 78 (1877);
E.Newt. P.Z.S. 1877, p. 297; Milne-Edwards $ Grand. Mist.
Nat. Maday. p. 255, pi. 90. fig. 2 (1879).
Adult. Crown of head crested, the feathers being dusky green,
with black shafts and a bar of black near the tip; sides of
head, back of neck, and rest of upper surfaee of body brilliant
ultramariue; wing-coverts black, washed and spotted with ultramarine
; quills blackish, the inner webs bright rufous at the base,
the secondaries externally washed with ultramarine; tail blue
above, black beneath ; chin and a longitudinal patch of feathers
along the sides of the back pure while; cheeks and rest of the
under surface of body cinnamon-rufous : " bill black ; feet orange;
iris brown " {A. Grandidier). Total length 5*3 inches, culmen l"2,
wing 2-3, tail 1, tarsus 0'2o.
Hah. Madagascar and the Comoro Islands.
a, b. Ad. sk. N. Madagascar (A. Crossley). Shelley ColL
c, d. A d. f-lc. Madagascar. Sharpe Coll.
e,/, Ad. sk. Central Madagascar. Seebohm ColL
g. § ad. sk. Mayotte, May 19 {Van Dam). Tweeddale Coll.
"/;. Ad. sk. [Joanna Island.] Sir J. Kirk [C.].
i-h. Ad. sk. Joanna Island (Sir J. Kirk). Shelley Coll.
I. Skeleton. Madagascar. Purchased.
2. Gorytliomis cyanostigma.
Le Vinlsi, Stiff. Jlist. Nat Ois. vii. p. 205 (1780).
Petit Martin-pecheur kupd de Vide de Lucnn, Danlent. PI Enl.
viii. pi. 750. lig. 1.
M.2
KH
ALCEDJQ7ID2E.
Alcedo cristata (nee L.), Kittl Kupf. Voy. pi. 29. fig. 3 (1838); Des
Murs in Lefebvre, Voy. Abyss, p. 82 (1845) ; Gnu/, Gen. B. i.
p. 81 (1847); id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. (54 (1848); Bp.
Consp. i. p. 159 (1850); Hartl. Orn. Westafr. p. 36 (1857J;
Sohl. Mm. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 11 (1863) ; Kirk, Ibis, 1804, p. 325 ;
Zai/ard, B. S. Afr. p. 65 (1807); Heiu/l. Orn. NO-Afr. i. p. 180
(1809); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 96, no. 1166 (1H39); Fimch $
Marti. Voy. Ostafr. p. 167 (1870) ; Reichen. J.f. 0. 1877, p. 20 ;
Cab. J.f.O. 1878, p. 235; Fischer % Reich, t.c. p. 255; Fischer,
t. c. p. 285; id. J. f. 0. 1879, p. 293 ; Reichen. J. f. O. 1887,
p. 307.
Alcedo
cyanostigma, Riipp. Neue Wirb., Viig. p. 70, pi. 24. fig. 2
(1835-40); Guer. § Lafr. in Ferr. § Galin. Voy. Abyss, iii. p. 248
(1847); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 81 (1847); Heugl. Si/st. Uebers. p. 18
(1856); Gray, Cat. Fis ir. Brit. Mas. p. 64 (1848); Bp. Camp. i.
p. 104 (1850); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 11 (1803); Antin.
Cat. descr. lice. p. 29 (1864); Hartm. J. f. O. 1804, p. 220, 1865,
p. 203; Chapm. Trav, S. Afr. ii. App. p. 409 (1868) ; Heuyl. Orn.
N.O.-Afr. i. p. 182(1869); Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. x. p. 70
(1883);" Shelley, Ms, 1883, p. 297.
Alcedo cyanostigmata, Des Murs in Lefebore's Voy. Abyss, p. 81
(1845).
Alcedo cseruleocepliala {nee Gm.)} Gray, Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 64
(1848, spec. exam.).
Con tkomk cristata, Kaup, Fam. Eisv. p. 13 (1848): Reichenb. TIandb.,
Alced. p. 18, Taf. 403. iigp. 3176-77 (1851); Cass. Cat. Halcyon.
Philad. Mus. p. 4 (1852); Bp. Consp. Valuer. Anis. p. 10 (lb54) ;
Verr. Rev. et May. de Zool. 1856, p. 353; Gurney, Ibis, 1859, p. 245;
Cub. $ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 140 (I860) ; Hartl. J. f. 0. 1861,
p. 105 ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1806, p. 22; Shurpe, Rns, 18(50, pp.' 280, 283 ;
id. Monoyr. Alced. p. 35, pi. 11 (1869) ; Ayres, Ibis, 1873, p. 201 ;
Sharpe § Bou ier, Bull. Sac, Zool. France, i. p. 39 (1876); Ayres,
Ibis, 1S70, p. 291; Hartl, Abhandl. nab. Verein Bremen, vii.
p. 110 (1881); Holab $ Von Pelz. Beitr. Orn. Sudafr. p. 03
(1882); Fischer, Zeitsch. yes. Orn. i. p. 361 (1884); id. J. f. O.
1885, p. 126; Matschie, J. f. O. 1887, pp. 140, 151.
Corythomis cyanostigma, Kaup, Fam. Fisv. p. 13 (1848); Reichenb.
IRrndb., Alced. p. 19, Taf. 395. figs. 3057-58 (1851) ; Cass. Cat.
Halcyon. Philad. Mus. p. 4 (1852); Sharpe, Monoyr., Intr. p. vi
(1871); Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 364; Ussher, t. c. p. 50 ; Shelley,
Ibis, 1875, p. 68; Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. pp. 108, 806
(1875-84) ; Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 198; Ayres, t. c. p. 425 ; Bocaye,
Om. Anyola, p. 96 (1877); Oustulet, N. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. Bull.
p. 72 (1879); Sharpe, in bates* Matubele-Land, App. B, p. 303
(1881); Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 567; id. Ibis, 1882, p. 244; id.
Ibis, 1883, p. 556; Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. x. p. 70 (1883);
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) i. p. 112 (1884); Hartert,
J. f. 0.1886, p. 594; Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. vii. p. 159 (1885),
viii. p. 248 (1886), x. p. 70 (1888); Souza, Jorn. Lisb. 1886, p. 156 ;
Symonds, Ibis, 1887, p. 327; Saload. Ann. Mus, Civic. Genov. (2)
Ti. p. 222 (1888).
Alcedo hartlaubi, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 96, no. 1167 (1869).
Alcedo (Oorythornis) cyanostigma, Oust. Bibl. Haiti Etudes, xxxi.
Art. 10, p. 4 (1886).
Adult male. Head with a malachite-green crest, each, feather
being greenish blue with a black shaft, and crossed by two black
bands, the tip of the feather being black preceded by a band of
4. coitYTrroiOTis.
1(55
blue ; the feathers at the sides of the crest elongated and broader ;
sides of the head and entire upper surface of the body rich ultramarine
; wing-coverts blackish washed with blue; quills brownish
black, the secondaries edged with faint ultramarine; tail ultramarine
above, black beneath ; chin and a longitudinal patch of
feathers along the sides of the neck white; cheeks, ear-coverts, and
rest of the under surface of the body rich rufous : " bill brilliant
coral-red, slightly shaded with black towards the nostrils and at
the base of the lower mandible : feet coral-red ; iris dark brown "
(G. E. Shellei/). Total length 5 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 2-4, tail
1-1, tarsus 0:25.
Young female. Head crested, dusky greenish, with very broad
black shafts and bands, the feathers on the nape with a slight
silvery lustre: back and scapulars light brown, with light cobalt
bars ; back ultramarine washed with cobalt; tail ultramarine above,
brown beneath ; quills light brown, the inner web light rufous from
the base, the outer web edged with light ultramarine; lores light
rufous; cheeks rufous, with little black markings; throat and a
patch of feathers along the sides of the neck yellowish white ;
under surface of the
body pale rufous, lighter down the centre of
the body: bill and feet blackish, tinged slightly with red: "bill
black; feet brownish, soles red ; iris brown" C W. A. Foibles).
Total length 5 inches, culmen 1*3, from gape T75, wing 2'4, tail
1-1, tarsus 0-25.
Very young. Similar to the last, but the plumage much darker
brown, the bars of blue being narrower, and those on the head
darker ; the bars of cobalt on the wing-coverts and scapulars very
distinct, upper part of the breast marked with a darkish brown line.
Total length 4*3 inches, culmen 0-8, wing 2, tail 1-65, tarsus U-2.-
Hdb. The whole of Tropical Africa ; the specimens from South
Africa being larger than those from Western or North-eastern
Africa.
a. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Purchased.
b. <$ ad. sk. Agula,Tigre,May 10. W. T. Blauford, Esq. [P.].
c. Ad. sk. Sudan (Knoblecker). Sharpe Coll.
d. Ad. sk. White Nile. Sharpe Coll.
e. Juv. sk. White Nile. Gould Coll.
/. (S ad. sk. Senegambia {Sharpe Tweeddale Coll.
Coll.).
g, h. Ad. et juv. sk. Bi?sao (Beaudouin). Sharpe Coll.
i. Imrn. sk. Ashantee. Gould Coll.
Jc, I. Ad. et juv. sk. Ashantee. J. Gould, Esq. (Types of
A. hartlaubi.)
m. Ad. sk. Elmina, April (IT. F. Sharpe Coll.
Blissett).
n-r. Ad. sk. Eantee (Gov. Ussher). Shelley Coll.
s. Ad. sk. Lagos. Gould Coll.
t
Imm. sk. Shonjra, R. Niger Shelley Coll.
(W.A.F.).
u.
2 ad-s^- Kingwilliamstown, Sharpe Coll.
Gaboon, June 3 (J.
A. Skertchley),
v. Juv. sk. II. OgowS, Gaboon. H. T. Ansell, Esq. [P.].
168
ALCEDI^IDJC.
w, x. Pull, et juv. sk. Landana, Congo (Dr. Shelley Coll.
Lucan).
Ad. sk Quilombo, Angola (A. Sharpe Coll.
y-
Heath).
z. JUT. st. Cape of Good Hope. Hard wick e Coll.
a',• A/A. sk. Cape of Good Hope. Sharpe Coll.
V., Ad.; c, d'. Juv. Cape Colony (E. L. Sharpe Coll.
sk. Layard),
<?'.
JUT. sk. Cape Colony (E, L. L : Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.).
,g\ Ad.et juv. sk. Cape Colony {Butler'). Shelley Coll.
h\ , J ad. sk. Eland's Post (T. C. Shelley Coll.
Atmore).
»"i Jc'. Ad.etimro.sk. Natal (T. Ayres). Gould Coll.
/'. Ad. sk. Natal. T. Ayres [C.].
m ', ri, o'. Ad. sk. Durban (Gordge). Shelley Coll.'
, q'. Ad. sk. Upper IJmlaas River Shelley Coll.
/'
P':
(Gordge).
r'. Ad. sk. Newcastle, Natal, June 4 Shelley Coll.
{E. A. Butler).
$'. 5 ad. sk. Transvaal, June 19 (T. Shelley Coll.
Buckley).
t'. S ad. sk. Transvaal. J. Eoresman, Esq. [P.].
«', .6 «-d.; v'. $ Potchefstroom, March, Gurney Coll.
juv. sk. Nov. (T. Ayres).
•vd'.' Ad. sk. Sibanane, Dec. 11 (F. WE. & C. G. Oates,
Oates). Esqr--. [P.J.
x' » Imra.sk. Zambezi (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
y'
. Imm, sk. Zambesi. Sharpe Coll.
z'.
Ad. sk. Zambezi (Sir J. Kirk). Livingstone Expedition.
a' '. Ad. sk. Lake Nvassa (Sir J. Livingstone Expedition.
Kirk)."
b"'. Ad. sk. Usambara Hills, E. Shelley Coll.
Africa (Sir J. Kirk).
c",d".At\.;e»,f". Larnu. E. J. Ja-kson, Esq. [P.].
Imm. sk.
3. Corythornis galerita.
Martin-Pecheur de Senegal, Daubent. PL Enl. viii. pi. 356. fig. 1.
Alcedo galerita, P. L. S. Mull. Syst. Nat. Suppl. p. 94; Cans. Proc.
Philad. Acad. 1864, p. 243 ; Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 90, no. 1105
(1869).
Martin-Pecheur a tete bleue, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 198 (1780).
Blue-headed Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. pt. 2, p. 631 (1782).
Alcedo cseruleocephala, Gm. S. N. i. p. 449 (1788); Gray, Gen. B.
i.
p. 81 (1847); Kaup, Fam. Eisv. p. 13 (1848); Bp. Camp. i.
p. 159 (1850); Hard. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 36 (1857); Sc/tl. Mas.
Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 11 (1803); Keulem. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii.
p. 377 (1860).
Alcedo
cyanocephala, Shato, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 100 (1812); HeugL
Orn. ft.O.-Afr. i. p. 18J (1809); Finsch $ Hartl. Yog. Ostafr.
p. 169 (1870).
Aleedo nais, Kaup, Fam. Eisv. p. 12 (1848) ; Gray, Cat. Fissir. Brit.
Mm. p. 64 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 159 (1850); Hartl Orn.
W.-Afr. p. 37 (1857) ; Finsch £ Hartl. Vdg. Ostafr. p. 108, note
(1870).
5 . ALCYONE.
167
Corythornis eaeruleocephala, Blgth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p 50
(1849) ; Reichenb.Handb., Alced. p. 18,Taf. 397.figs.3063,3063b,
3387 (1851); Cass. Cat. Halcyon. PMlad. Mus. p. 4 (1852); id.
Proc. PMlad. Acad. 1859, p. 34; Hartl. J. f. O. 1861, p. 105 ;
Bp. Consp. Volucr. Ants. p. 10 (1854); Dohm, P. Z. S. 1866,
p. 325 ; Sharpe, Monoqr. Alced. p. 39, pi. 12 (1869) ; Souza, Jorn.
Lisb. xlvii. p. 156 (1888) ; Bocage, op. tit. xlviii. p. 211 (1888).
Corythornis nais, Bp. Consp. Valuer. Anis. p. 10 (1854); Hartl.
J.f.O. 1861, p. 105.
Corythornis cyanocephala, Cab. <§• Heine, Mus. Hein. Tk. ii. p. 145
(i860).
Corytliornis galerita, Sharpe, Monogr. Alced., Intr. p. vii (1871).
Adult. Head brilliant blue, with, a long crest, each feather of which
is blue with a black shaft and crossed by two black bands near the
tip ; sides of the head and rest of the upper surface of the body
ultramarine ; wing-coverts black, spotted with ultramarine; quills
blackish, the inner webs pale rufous at the base, the secondaries
edged with ultramarine; tail blackish, with a tinge of ultramarine
above; throat and a patch of feathers along the sides of the neck
white ; lores, cheeks, and the rest of the under surface of the body
rich cinnamon-rufous, paler in very old birds : bill and feet coral-
red; eyes dark brown. Total length 5 inches, culmen 1*3, wing
2-2, tail 0-9, tarsus 0-3.
Hah. West Africa from Gaboon to Angola, as well as the islands
in the Bay of Benin.
a. Ad. sk. Prince's Island {J. G.Keulemans). Wallace Coll.
6, e. Ad. sk. Prince's Island (Dr. Dohm). Sliarpe Ooll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Prince's Island (J. G.Keulemans). Tweeddale Coll.
/. (3 ad. sk. Loanda.
Sharpe Coll.
g.
Juv. sk. Gaboon ? Old Coll.
(Type of Alcedo nais.)
h. Skeleton. West Africa.
Purchased.
5. ALCYONE.
Type.
Alcyone, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 336 (1837) A. azurea.
Range. Confined to Australia, the Papuan Islands, and the
Moluccas.
Key to the Species.
a. Abdomen rufous.
a'. Bill slender.
a". Sides of body rufous like the breast, or only
slightly washed with lilac azurea, p. 168.
b". Sides of body bright ultramarine, continued
from the sides of the upper breast pulchra, p. 169.
b'. Bill stout.
c". Above dull blue; tip of bill white kssoni, p. 170.
d". Above purplish blue; tip of bill reddish ... . affinis, p. 171.
b. Abdomen white ; size smaller.
c'. No blue pectoral collar pusilla, p. 171.
d'. A blue pectoral collar richardsi, p. 172.
168
AiaEDINIDJE.
3. Alcycn.3 azurea.
A7«re Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl ii. p. 372 (1801).
Alcedo
azurea, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl p. xxxii (1801); Sicains.
Zool lllust). i. pt. 26 (1820-21) ; Schl Mm. Pays-Bas, Alcediiies,
p. 9 (1803, pt.).
Alcedo tribrachys, Shmv % Nodd. Nat. Misc. xvi. pi. 681 (1804).
Ceyx tribracli^ s, Cut. Regne Anim. i. p. 417 (1817).
Three-toed Kingfisher, Lewin, Nat. Hist. B. N. S. Wales, i. pi. 1
(1822).
Cevx azurea, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. siii. pt. 2, p. 100 (1825) ;
Jard. &,- Sell;/, III. Orn. i. pi. 55 (18«9).
Ceyx cyanea, Less. Traits', p. 241 (1831).
Alcyone australis, Sicains. Classif. B. ii. p. 830 (1837).
Alcj'one azurea, Ewing, Ta»m. Journ. i. p. 56 (1842); Gray, Gen. B.
i.
p. 82 (1847); id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 65 (181*) ; Gould,
B. Austr. ii. pi. 25 (1848); Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. As. Soc. p. 50
(1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 158 (1850); Reichenb. Handb., Alced.
p. 7, Taf. 397. figs. 3064-65 (1851) ; Camn, Cat. Hale. Philad.
Mus. p. 5 (1852) ; Macgill. Voy. 'Rattlesnake,1 ii. p. 356 (1852);
Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 10 (1854); Gould, Handb. B. Austr.
i. p. 139 (1865); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 96, no. 1175 (1809);
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1809, p. 3"5; id. Mono<jr. Alced. p. 41, pi. 13
(1870); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 179 (1878);
North, op. cit. (2) i. p. 1163 (1886), iii. p. 1774 (18&8); Ramsay,
Tab. List Austr. B. p. 3 (188s).
Alcyone
diemenensis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1846, p. 19 ; Gray, Gen. B. i.
p* 82 (1847); Kanp, Fam. Eisv. p. 18 (1848); G,,idd, Ii. Austr.,
Intr. p. xxxi (184b); Rei(he7ib. Vnq. Neuholl. p. 278 (1>*50); Cab.
% Heine, Mus. Hein. TJi. ii. p. 143 (18(0); Gould, Handb. B.
Austr. i. p. 141; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 96, no. 1177 (1869);
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1809," p. 355 ; id. Monogr. Alced. p. 47 (lb70) ;
Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 179 (1878); id. Tab.
List Austr. B. p. 3 (1888).
Adult. Above bright ultramarine; mag-coverts blackish, edged
•with ultramarine; quills blackish, the inner web light rufous at
the base, the secondaries externally edged with lighter blue; tail
deep ultramarine above, black beneath ; a loral spot of pale rufous;
throat and a longitudinal patch of feathers along the sides of the
neck white tinged with orange; cheeks, ear-coverts, and sides of
the upper part of the breast ultramarine ; rest of the under surface
of the body cinnamon-rufous, with a lilac lustre on the flanks and
under tail-coverts. Total length 6'5 inches, culmen 1*8, wing 2-9,
tail 1-35, tarsus 0-3.
Sexes alike.
Young. Similar to the adult, but not so brilliant blue, the
scapulars and lateral breast-patch black, only slightly washed with
blue ; the neck-stripe orange-buff; the head blackish, banded with
blue.
A. diemenensis cannot be separated from A. azurea, and the
characters on which I depended in my ' Monograph ' are merely
those of an immature bird.
Bah. Australia and Tasmania.
5. ALCYONE.
K 9
a, b. Ad. sk.
c.
tS juv. sk
d. Ad. sir.
e,/. Ad. sk.
#. d1 ad.; h, $
imm. sk.
i, h. $ad. etimm.
sk.
/. Ad. sk.
m. Juv. sk.
?2. Imm. sk.
», ?;. Ad; q. Imm.
sk.
?•, s. Ad. f-k.
z", ?i. Ad. sk.
v. Ad. sk.
a<i' sk
ic. 2
#, y, a. Ad. sk.
#', V. Ad. sk.
c'. Skeleton.
Tasmania {Cockerell Coll.).
Tasmania (Sharpe Coll).
Tasmania.
Tasmania.
River Murray, S. Australia
(/. Gould).
S. Australia [J. Gould).
S. Austialia.
N. S. Wales.
Clarence River.
Queensland (Coclerell §
Thorpe: Sharpe Coll.'),
Queensland.
Brisbane (Cockerell § Thorpe).
Moreton Bay, May 8 (F.
Strange).
Moreton Island, May (J. Macgillivray).
Cape York (Corherdl <§•
Thorpe: Sharpe Coll.).
Cape York (J. T. CockerelT).
Port Essimrton.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
R. Gunn, Esq. [P.].
Gould Coll.
Sir G. Grey [P.].
Sir G. Grey [P.].
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
E.
Nicholson, Esq.
[P.].
Sab in-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Capt. Owen Stanley
[P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Subsp. a. Alcyone pulchra.
Alcyone pulchra, Gould, P. Z. S. 1846, p. 10 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 82
(i847) ; Goidd, B. Austr. fol. Infr. p. xxsi (1848); Reichenb. Voq.
Neuholl. p. 278 (1850); id. llandb., Alced. p. 7 (1851); Cass. Cat.
Halcyon. Pkilad. Mus. p. 5 (1852); Elm/, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 25;
Gould, Sandb. B. Austr. i. p. 141 (1865)'; Sharpe, P.Z. S. 1809,
p. 356; Gray, Eand-l. B. i. p. 96, no. 1170 (1869); Sharpe, Monogr.
Alced. p. 45, pi. 14 (1870); Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p 583 ; id. Proa.
Linn. Soe. N. S. W. i. p. 380 (1877), ii. p. 179 (1878); id. op. cit.
(2) i. p. 1007 (1880); North, op. cit (2) iii. p. 269 (1888) ; Ramsay,
Tab. List Austr, B. p. 3
Adult. Similar to A. azarea, but richer in colour, more purplish
blue above, brighter cinnamon-rufous or deep bay below, and further
distinguished by the brilliant purplish blue which extends from the
cheeks to the sides of the breast and thence down the flanks : " bill
black; fe^t orange; iris black" (J. Gould). Total length 6-3
inches, culmen 2-1, wing 2-9, tail P3 , tarsus 0#4.
Hah. North Australia from Cape York to rT.W. Australia.
a. Ad. sk. N. Australia (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk. Cape York (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Cape York (J. T. C.: Sharpe Tweeddale Coll.
Coll.).
e. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. W. Chambers
/ , g. Ad. sk. N.W. Australia.
LP-]-
Dr. J. JR. Elsey [P.].
170
ALCEDI5TIBJ3.
2. Alcyone lessoni.
Ceyx azurea (nee Lath.), Less. Toy. Coquille, i. p. 690 (1826); id.
Compl. Buff. Ois. iii. p. 343 (1837); Finsch, Ken-Guinea, p. 161
(pt.).
Alcyone
lessoni, Cassin, Proc. Philad. Acad. v. p. 69 (1850); id.
Cat. Halcyon, Philad. Mus. p. 5 (1852); Bp. Consp. Valuer.
Anis. p. 10 (1854); Scl. Joum, Proc, Linn. Sac, Zoul. ii. p. 156
(1858); Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 155, 1861, p. 433; Sharpe, P. Z. S.
1869, p. 353; id. Monogr. Alced. p. 49, pi. 15. fig. 2 (1871);
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. is. p. 19 (1876), x. pp. 125, 300
(1877); Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiii. pp. 311, 492 (1878) ;
Salvad. # D'Albert, Ann. Mus. Cio. Genov. xiv. p. 48 (1879) ;
Salvad. Orn. Papua-sia etc. i. p. 410 (1880); Sharpe, Joum, Linn.
Soc, Zool, xvi.p. 428 (1882); Nehrk. J.f. 0.1885, p. 31; Guillem.
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 626; Finsch <§• Meyer, Zeitschr. yes. Orn. iii. p. 12
(1886) ; Salvad. Orn. Papusia, Agg. i. p. 53 (18ti9).
Alcyone azurea, var., Gray, P.Z.S. 1858, pp. 172, 190; id. Cat.
Mamm. etc. Neio Guinea, pp. 21, 55 (1859).
Alcedo azurea (nee Lath.), Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 17
(1863, pt.); id. Fog. Nederl. Jnd. pp. 11, 47 (1864, pt.).
Alcyone azurea (nee Lath.), Eosenb. JSrat. Tijdsch. Nederl. Ind. xxv.
p! 231 (1863, pt.); id. J.f.O. 1864, p. 118.
Alcyone pulchra, pt., Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 96, no. 1176 (1869).
Alcyone affinis (nee Gray), Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. J\T. S. W. iii.
p. 258 (1878), iv. p. 196 (1879); Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 322.
Adult male. Above deep rich ultramarine; wing-coverts deep
blue-black edged with ultramarine; tail deep ultramarine above,
black beneath.; a minute loral spot of orange-buff; a longitudinal
patch of feathers along the sides of the neck white tinged with pale
orange ; throat whitish, tinged with pale rufous; cheeks, sides of
the neck, and a large patch of feathers on the sides of the upper
part of the breast deep rich ultramarine, extending a little on to
the flanks ; rest of the under surface of the body deep rufous, with
a rich lilac shine on the flanks: bill jet-black; feet red. Total
length 7 inches, culraen 1*7, wing 2*85, tail 1*2, tarsus 3-3.
Young. Differs from the adult in being more blackish, the head
blackish barred with blue, and the patch on the sides of the breast
also blackish with scarcely any blue lustre.
Hah. New Guinea and the adjacent Papuan Islands. Aru
Islands.
a. J ad.sk. New Guinea (A. JR. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
b. Ad. sk. New Guinea (J.. H. Wallace). Gould Coll.
£, d. S 2 ad. sk. Dorey. Wallace Coll.
e. $ ad. sk. 8 miles from Yule Island, Tweeddale Coll.
Nov. (Dr. James).
f. Juv. sk. Astrolabe Mts. A. Goldie [C.].
g. <$ ad. sk. Milne Bay. C. Hunstein [0.].
h. Ad. sk. [Waigiou (Iloedt).'] Tweeddale Coll.
i, $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll.
5. ALCYONE.
171
3. Alcyone affinis.
Alcyone affinis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 348 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869,
p. 354; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 97, no. 1178 (1869); Sharps,
Monogr. Alced. p. 51, pL 15. fig. 1 (1871); Saluad. Ann. Mus.
Civ. Genov. vii. p. 764 (1875), x. p. 301 (1877); id. Orn. Papuasia
etc. i. p. 413 (1880)-
Alcedo
azurea, Sehl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 17 (1863, pt.); id.
Vog. Nederl. Ind. pp. 11, 47, pi. 3. tig. 4 (1864).
Adult. Similar to A. kssoni, but of a lighter and more brilliant
blue, and distinguished by the reddish tip to the bill. Total length
7 inches, cnlnaen 1*95, wing 3, tail 1-35, tarsus 0-45.
Young. Similar to the adult, but a little more dusky, the head
blue barred with blackish; the bill reddish at the tip.
Hub. Molucca Islands.
a, b. Ad. etjuy.sk. Batchian. "Wallace Coll.
(Types of species.)
c, d. Ad. sk. Haluiahera (A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Halmahera (A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
4. Alcyone pusilla.
Cevx pusilla, Temm. PI. Col. iv. pi. 595. fig. 3 (1836); 8. Mull.
Yerh. Zand-en Volkenh. p. 22 (1839-44); Gray, 1\ Z. S. 1858,
pp. 172, 190; id. Cat. Mamm. etc. Neiu Guinea, pp. 21, 53(1859);
id. P.Z.S. 1861, p. 433; Finsch, Neu-Gwinea, p. 161 (1865);
Rosenb. Reis naar Zuidoostereil. p. 38 (1867).
Alcyone pusilla, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 82 (1847); Gould, B. Austr.
ii. pi. 26 (1848); ReicJmib. Vog. NeuhoU. p. 35 (1849); Bp. Consp.
i. p. 158 (1850); Reichenb. Eandb., Alced. p. 7, Taf. 398. tigs.
3068-9 (1851); Cass. Cat. Halcyon. Philad. Mus. p. 5 (1852);
Macgill. Voy.' Rattlesnake,'' ii. p. 356 (1852); Bp. Consp. Volucr.
Anis. p. 10 (1854); Scl. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc, Zool. ii. p. 156
(1858); Rosenb. J.f.O. 1864, p. 118; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i.
p. 142 (1865); Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 383; Sharpe, P. Z. S.
1869, p. 357; id, Monogr. Alced. p. 53, pi. 16 (1869); Gray,
Hand-l, B. i. p. 97, no. 1179 (1869); Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genov. vii. p. 708 (1875); Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 583; Scl.
P. Z. 8, 1876, p. 247; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. x. p. 301
(1877); Madei-s^Proc. Linn.^ Soc. M S. W. i. p. 481 (1876);
Ramsay, op. cit. hi. p. 258 (1878); 8harpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool.
xiii. pp. 311, 492 (1878); Scl. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 450; Ramsay,
Proc, Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. iv. p. 96 (1879); If Albert # Salvad.
Ann. Mas. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 48 (1879); Salvad. Orn. Papuasia
etc. i. p. 414 (1880) ; Meyer, Zeitschr. ges, Orn. i. p. 275 (1884);
Pleske, Btdl. Acad. S. P4tersb. xxix. p. 525 (1884); Guillem.
P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 566, 626; Ramsay, Tab. List Austr. B. p. 3
(1888); Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. Agg. p. 53 (1889).
Alcedo
pusilla, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alcyones, p. 10 (1863); id.
Vog. Nederl. Ind., Alced. pp. 12, 48, pi. 3. fig. 6 (1864); Rosenb,
Reis. Geeliinkb. p. 115 (1875).
Adult male. Above rich ultramarine, having a greenish tinge in
some lights on the head, cheeks, and wiug-coverts ; quills blackish,
172
ALCEDIXID.E,
the inner web lighter at the base, the outer web distinctly washed
with ultramarine, especially on the secondaries; tail blue above,
black beneath; a loral spot and a patch of feathers along the sides
of the neck white, the latter slightly tinged with orange : entire
under surface white, with a bluish lustre on the breast in some
lights ; sides of the breast and flanks rich ultramarine : '• bill black ;
feet greenish grey ; irides dark blackish brown " {J. Gould). Total
length 4-8 inches, culmen 1*15, wing 2, tail 0-85, tarsus 0-25.
A female in the Salvin-Godmau collection, instead of being deep
ultramarine or purplish blue, is quite light blue in comparison to the
males. It may not be an adult bird, as I notice a greenish-blue
tinge on the wings of some of the other specimens. As a rule, however,
the immature birds are easily distinguished, by their dull
coloration and by the blackish edgings to the feathers of the breast.
In very old specimens the blue is so extended on the lower breast as
almost to meet across the latter.
Sab. Northern Australia. New Guinea and the adjacent Papuan
Islands, extending into the Moluccas.
a. Ad. sk. Halmahera. Wallace Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Moluccas (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
o. Ad. sk. E. Ceram. C. F. Riedel, Esq.
d. Juv. sk. Am Islands. A\ allace Ct 11.
e. tf ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
g. Ad.sk.
h. Ad. sk.
Am Islands {A. R. Wallace).
Aleya, S.E. New Guinea,
April {Dr. James),
Wood Harbour, New Ireland.
Aola, Guadalcanal1 .
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddalo Coll.
Rev. G. Brown [CV.
C. M. Woodford"
i, k, I. Ad. ;
m. Juv. sk.
Cape York (J. T. C'oclcerell).
Esq. [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
n, o. Imin. sk. Newcastle Bay, Queensland(J. T. C'oclcerell).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
5. Alcyone richardsi.
Alcyone richardsi,
Tristr. Ibis, 1882, p. 184, pi. 4; Ramsay, Proc.
Linn. Soc. N. S. W. vii. p. 42 (lb82); Salvad. Ann. Alas. Civic.
Genov. xviii. p. 419 (1882); id. Orn. Papuasia, iii. p. 5±2 (1882);
id Agg. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 53 (1889).
Adult. Bill black; head blue, the forehead rather blacker; a
spot between the bill and the eye and a patch behind the eye white;
back and tail ultramarine; upper secondaries washed with blue ;
quills black ; throat and chest white; a band across the breast and
sides of body ultramarine-blue; abdomen white; vent blue ; feet
black. Total length 4-9 inches, bill from gape 1-45, wing 2-15,
tail 1-2.
Eat. Eendova Island, Solomon Archipelago.
a. S ad. sk. Rendova Island, Solomons, Cant. G. £. Richards
ipt. u
Aug. 17.
6. ODYX.
J 10
Subfamily II. DACELONIN/E.
6. CEYX.
Type.
Covx, L'tvep. Mem. de I'Inst 1801, p. 511 C. tridactyla.
Ceycis, Ctloffer, Ilandb. p. 338 (1842) ?
Therosa, 8. MWJer, MSS., teste Bp 0. solitaria.
Range. Indian and Indo-Malayan Regions. Moluccas, New Guinea
to the Solomon Islands, and ISTew Britain.
Key
io the Species.
a.
Head and rump red, with a "blue or lilac tinge.
a'. With a spot of bright Hue behind the ear<.
o\erts.
a". Mantle blue like the scapularsb". Mantle red like the rest of the back.
«"'. Scapulars blue ; wing-coverts black,
washed with blue; no lilac spots on
the head
//". Scapulars rufous like the back, with
a black line bordering the mantle;
head spotted with lilac
b'. With no blue spot behind the ear-coverts.
c". Head spotted with lilac; hack and
wing-coverts rufousd". Plead washed with beautiful lilac like
'the back, but not spotted,
c'". With more or less black on the
scapulars and wing-coverts, which
are sometimes washed with blue ..
d"'.
Scapulars and wing-coverts red;
lower back washed or streaked with
lilac-blue ; sexes alike
b. Head black, spotted or barred with blue;
lower back and rump bright cobalt or silvery
blue.
c'. Bill red.
e". Scapulars entirely black, not washed
with blue.
e"'. Cheeks and ear-coverts black ; back
silvery blue/'". Cheeks and ear-coverts black, spotted
with blue ; back rich cobalt/" . Scapulars washed with blue.
y'". Cheeks blue like the ear-coverts ..
h'". Cheeks orange like the loral spot.
a4. Head and back deep ultramarine. .
bx. Head and back silvery blue or
cobaltd'. Upper mandible blackish, lower mandible
reddish.
g".
Back ultramarine; head spotted with
ultramarine; lower surface orange,
w ith no conspicuous patch on the sides
of the breast
[p. 174.
tridactyla tf $ ad.,
dillwynni c? ad., p. 177.
melamtra, p. 180.
basilanica, p. 181.
euerythra, p. 179.
innominata, p. 180.
cajeli, p. 182.
loattacii, p. 182.
lepida, p. 183.
malamaui, p. 184.
bourmi, p. 185.
sacerdotis, p. 184.
174 ALCEDIKIDJE.
h". Back "bright cobalt; bead spotted vd-h
cobalt; a large patch of blue on the
sides of the breast, forming a hdlfcollar.
i". Under surface of body deep orange-
chestnut cyanipectus, p. 18o.
k"'. Under surface of body dull chestnut, steerii, p. 187.
e'. Bill entirely black.
i". Back silvery white; head arid -wingcoverts
spotted with silvery -white;
abdomen -white.
I'". Breast and sides of body black,
-washed with indigo or greenish blue, aryentala, p. 187.
MI'". Breast and sides of body black,
washed with deep purplish blue ., Jluminicula, p. 187.
k". Back washed with bright blue, as also
the wing-coverts.
n'". Abdomen white like the breast..., gentiana, p. 188.
o'". Abdomen orange-yellow like the
breast solitaria, p. 188.
1. Ceyx tridactyla.
Alcedo tridactyla, Pallas, Spic. Zool. vii. p. 10, tab. 2. fig. 1 (1769);
Linn. Mant Plant, p. 524 (1771) ; Scop. Del. Faun, et Flat: Lisiibr.
ii. p. 90 (1786); Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 459 (1788).
Martin-pecheur de Tisle de Lucon, Sonii. Voy. Nouv. Ouin. p. 67,
pi. 32 (1776).
Martin-pecheur de Pondicherry, Daubent. PL Enl. vii. pi 778. fig. 2.
Le Martin-pecheur a trois doigts, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. \i. p. 203
(1780).
Alcedo rubra, Bodd. Tabl. PL Enl. p. 49 (1783).
Alcedo purpurea, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 449 (1788).
Alcedo erythaca, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 449 (1788).
Oeyx luzoniensis, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 106 (1825).
Ceyx tridactyla, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 84; Strickl. P. Z. S. 1846,
p. 99; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 80 (1847); id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus.
p. 59 (1848); Jerd. III. Ind. Orn. pi. 25 (1847) ; Bp. Consp. i.
pp. 157,158 (1850); Cass. Cat. Halcyon. PMlad. Mus. p. 13 (1852);
Bp. Consp. Vohxar. Anis. p. 9 (1854); Hartl. J. f. O. 1854,
p. 413; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 269; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 229
(1862); Gray, Cat. Mamm.&tc. Nepalpres. Hodgs. p. 24 (1863) ;
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 271; id. Mohogr. Alced. p. 119, pi. 40
i(1868) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 94, no. 1142 (1869); Salwd. Atti
P. Accad. Sci. T&rine, iv. p. 455 (1869); Stoliozka, J. A. S. Benq.
xxxix. p. 295 (1870: Prov. Wellesley); Hold™. P. Z. S. 1872,
p. 424 (Ceylon); Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 173 (1874: Andamans);
Butler, t. c. p. 455 (Khandala); Walden, Ibis, 1874, p. 137 (Andamans)
; Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 51 (1875: Pegu) ; Blyth, B. Burm.
p. 71 (1875); Hume, Str. F. iv. p. 287 (1876 : Kondul Isl.); id.
Str. F. v. p. 19 (1877 : Cachar); id. § Davison, Str. F. vi. pp. 80,
499 (1878 : Tenasserim); Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 303 (1879); Hume,
Str. F. viii. p. 86 (1879); Bingham, t. e. p. 193 (Kaukaryit); id.
Str. F. ix. p. 155 (1880: Thoungyeen Valley); Butler, Cat. B. S.
Bomb. Pres. p. 19 (1880); Oates, Handb. B, Br. Burm. ii. p. 80
(3. CK\'X. 175
(1883); Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) iv. p. 537 (1887), vii.
p. 433 (1889: Malewoon); Hume, Sir. F. xi. p. 45(1888: Maui-
pur); Oates, ed. Hume's Nests Sp JEggs Incl. B. iii. p. 13 (1890).
Cevx purpurea, Less. Traite, p. 38 (1831) ; Rdchenb. Handb., Alced.
p. 9, Taf. 398. fig. 3071 (1851); Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 9 (1854);
Hartl.J.f.O. 1855, p. 423.
Cevx microsoma, Burton, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 89.
Ceyx erythaca, Blijth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Sue. p. 50 (1849).
Dacelo rubra, ScM. Mus. Bays-Bus, Alced. p. 49 (1863) ; id. Vog.
Nederl. Ltd., Alced. pp. 40, 68, pi. 16.fig. 2 (1864).
Adult male. General colour above black, washed with, purplish
blue or deep ultramarine on the mantle and scapulars ; lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts red washed with beautiful lilac: wing-
coverts black, edged with blue on the margins, the bend of the wing
rufous ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackibh, the
inner secondaries washed with blue, the first primary edged with
rufous externally; tail-feathers cinnamon-rufous; crown of head
rufous, washed with beautiful lilac ; on the forehead a spot of blue -7
lores rather more orange-rufous ; in front of the eye a dusky blackish
spot; eyelid also blackish; ear-coverts and cheeks deep orange-yellow,
with a spot of bright ultramarine behind the ear-coverts, followed
by a band of yellowish white on the sides of the neck; throat white,
tinged with yellow; lower throat, fore neck, and rest of under
surface of body orange-yellow, deeper in colour on the sides of body
and flanks; thighs, under tail-coverts, under wing-coverts, and
axillaries orange yellow; quills below blackish, rufescent along the
inner edge: " bill and feet bright vermilion red; iris brown " (W.
Davison). Total length 5*5 inches, culmen 1-35, wing 2-15, tail 0'9,
tarsus 0*25.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 5"(>
inches, culmen 1*35, wing 2-25.
Young. Similar to the adults, but with a shorter and paler bill,
the latter dusky at the base of both the upper and lower mandibles :
the blue frontal spot, as well as the blue spot on the neck, are both
equally as brilliant as in the fully adult bird, also the lilac colour on
the head and back. The mantle and scapulars are black, with a very-
slight wash of ultramarine, and the same is the case with the wing-
coverts, but in other respects the nestling is as brilliantly coloured as
the old birds, and is even brighter below, the throat being yellow,
and the breast and sides of body washed with deep orange-rufous,
almost chestnut in tint.
Hah. Ceylon and Southern India ; Himalayas from Nepal eastwards
to Assam, Manipur, and the Burmese Provinces, southwards
through the Malayan Peninsula.
a, b, c. Ad.; d, Ceylon [H. Nevilland8. Chap- Tweeddale Coll.
e. Juv. sk. man),
f. Ad. sk. Nuwara Eliya, Ceylon. Mr. E. Boate [C.].
'<?. c? ad. sk. Divelane Tank, Ceylon, Oct. 6. Col. W. V. Legge
[P. "J.
h, i. Ad. sk. Nepal. Hodgson Coll.
37(3
h Ad. sk.
l-s. Ad. sk.
£-y. cJ 2 ad. et
juv. sk.
z, a'. Ad. etjuv.
sk.
V. Ad. sk.
c'-r/'. <S 2 ad. et
juv. sk.
7i'. $ ad. sk.
z',/c'. c? $ ad.
sk.
1'. Imra. sk.
?«', %'. 2 ad. sk.
o'. 3 imm. sk.
p'. Ad. sk.
i/'-w'. C? ad.; v'x'.
2 ad. sk.
i/'-b". J ad.; c",
d". 5 ad. sk.
e"-n". dad.; o"
-g". 2ad.sk.
r", s". <5 ad.; t",
u". 2 ad. sk.
v", w". 3 2 ad.
sk.
x". 2 ad.sk.
y". Ad. sk.
z",a3. Ad. etjuv.
sk.
63. c? imm. sk.
e3, # . Ad.etiuv.
sk.
e3-#3. Ad.sk.
hs
. Imm. sk.
i3. Ad. sk.
A;3. Ad. sk.
I3, c? juv. sk.
m3. 2 ad. sk.
a3. Ad. sk.
o3, p*. S ad. sk.
q3. Ad, sk.
ALCEDWIDJE.
Native Sikkim, May (L. 3fa/2
Sikkim, Feb., April to July (L.
Mandelli).
Darjeeling.
Darjeeling.
Bkotan Doars, April (Z. Mandelli).
Dibrugkur, Feb., March, June,
Aug. (J. JR. Cripps).
Khasia Hills.
Khasia HiUs, April {A. W.
Chennell).
Caehar (J. Diglis).
Lower Pegu.
Kaukaryit, Sept. 6 (J. Darling).
Tavo, 5000 feet, March 26 ( W.
Litnborg).
Nwalabo, April (W. Davison).
Tavoy, March, April (W. D.).
Bankasoon, March-May (W.
D.).
Malewoon, April (W. D.).
Malewoon, March, Dec.
Salang, Island of Tonka, March
(J. Darling).
Penang.
Penang (Dr. Cantor).
Salangore, Nov. 2G ( W. Davi
son).
Malacca, Aug., Sept. (W. Davi
son).
Malacca.
Malacca (Dr. Maingay).
Malacca (JR. G. W. JR.).
Malacca (A. JR. Wallace).
Pulo Seban, Nov. 11 (W. Da
vison).
Dingding River, Feb. 25 (W.
Davison).
S. Andamans, April 28 (JR. G.
W. JR.).
Kondul Island, Nicobars, April
10 (F. de JRoepstorf).
[Sumatra; Sharpe CollJ]
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Hume Coll.
Wallace Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Pinwill Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
6. CEYX. 177
CEYX DILIAVYNIU and its allies.
It is somewhat remarkable that, after the lapse of twenty years
since I finished my ' Monograph' of the Ahedinidte, during the
whole of which time I have made a point of collecting material for
a proper comprehension of these little red Geyc-es, we are still
without a solution of the problems which were discussed by Count
Salvador! and myself in 1870 and 1871. I have lately taken advantage
of the presence of my friendly opponent in England to go over
the whole matter with him, and Count Salvadori confesses that he
is as much puzzled to understand the plumages of Geyx dillwynni
as I am myself.
We are agreed that Ceycc sliarpii is only a stage of plumage of G.
dillwyn ni, but what stage cannot yet be exactly determined. It cannot
be a young bird, for the bill is brightrecZ,andthe young birds of this
group of Oeyces have a blacJcish bill. We also know that the nestlings
both of G. dillwynni and G. tridactyla are as brightly coloured as the
adults. What, then, is the red-shouldered bird which occurs with
G. dillwynni in Borneo, but does not have blue scapulars and wing-
coverts, nor. apparently, a blue spot behind the ear-coverts? Is it the
adult female of G. dillwyuni1! If so, and the nestlings of both male
and female are alike, then the latter, beginning with the bright
plumage of the male, would gradually lose it and become entirely red.
This theory would account in a measure for the number of specimens
in the C.-sliarjni stage of plumage which occur in collections; they
would be adult females with traces of the " male" or "immature"
plumage.
Count Salvadori has described a series of specimens of the true
0. dillwynni from the island of Nias on the western side of Sumatra,
and yet no specimen of the true G. dillwynni (i. e. with blue scapulars
and wing-coveits) has been found in the intermediate island of
Sumatra.
In Java also there has never been found a true G. dillwynni, and
both sexes of the Javan Gei/.v, when adult, seem to have a rod
plumage, like the supposed female of G. drthuynni, but always
showing some streaks of lilac-blue on the lower back. We have here,
therefore, an apparently parallel case with that of the JEgithitus
(cf. Sharpe, Cat. B. vol. vi. pp. 5, 6), where the Javan species is
peculiar to the island, and both sexes wear the plumage which is
characteristic of the female of one of the allied species. I am not
certain whether the true G. dillwynni goes to Malacca, but some very
puzzling specimens have been received from the Malayan Peninsula,
which are either true G. dillwynni in changing plumage, or are
hybrids between Geyoc euerythra and G. tridactyla.
2. Ceyx dillwynni.
Ceyx tridactvla (nee Pall.), BeicJienb. Handb., Alcerl. p. 8, Taf. 403 B.
tig. 3389 (1851); Motley § Billio. Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 13 (1855).
Ceyx dillwynni, Sharpe, P. Z S. 1868, pp. 591, 593; id. P. Z. S.
1869, p. 511 ; Sahad. Atti R. Accad. Torino, iv. p. 461 (1869);
VOL. xvn. N
178 A1CEDINIDJ3.
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 94, no. 1149 (1869); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced.
p. 1*25, pi. 43 (1870); Salvad. TJcc. Bom. p. 99 (1874); Sharpe,
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 101; Briigg. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, v.
p. 552 (1878); Sharpe, P. Z.'S. 1879, p. 330 (Labuan) ; Nicholson,
Ibis, 1883, p. 89 (Segilind River); Vorderm. Nat. Tijrtschr. Nederl.
Ind. xlvi. p. 11 (1886) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. iv. pp. 535,
537 (1887 : Nias) ; Everett, Trans. B. Asiat. Soc. Straits Branch,
1889, p. 160 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, pp. 18, 283 (Kina Balu).
Adult male. Similar to 0. tridactyla, and having the same spot of
bright blue above the ear-eoverts, but diffei's in having the entire
back lilac, the mantle being also lilac and not blue ; the scapulars
are blue, and the wing-coverts are black, washed with hlue; the
quills are entirely black, rufeseent only along the inner web below :
" bill and feet coral- red; iris black" (J. Whitehead). Total length
5*2 inches, culmen 1-5, wing 2*3, tail 0'8, tarsus 0*3-5.
Nestling. As with the nestling of G. tridactyla, the nestling of
0. dillivynni is as brightly coloured as the old male, with black
wings and scapulars, the latter as well as the wing-coverts being
washed with purplish blue ; the blue spot above the ear-coverts is
strongly developed, and there is a little line of blue at the base of
the hill; the bill is blackish horn-colour.
Uab. Borneo, and the island of Nias off the west coast of
Sumatra.
a. Imm. sk. Labuan (J. Motley : Sharpe Tweeddale Coll.
Coll.). (Type of species.)
b-d. Imm. sk. Labuan (Sir Hugh Loiv). Sharpe Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Labuan. Sir Hutih Low [C.l
/, g. Imm. sk. Labuan. Governor Ussher irC.].
h. Imm. sk. Trusan, March. A. II. Everett, Esq.
[C.I
i. c? imm. sk. Marup (A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
Intermediate specimens between C. dillwynni and C. euerythra
(=0 . sharpii, Salvad.).
Ceyx rufidorsa {nee Strichl.), Sel. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 313 (Banjarmassing).
Ceyx sharpii, Salvad. Atti JR. Accad. Sei. Torin. iv. p. 463, cum tab.
(1869) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 511; id. Monogr. Alced. p. 123,
pi. 42 (1870); Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 368 (Marup); Salvad. Ucc.
Bom. p. 98 (1874); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 100 (Labuan).
a-d. Ad. sk. Labuan (Sir Hugh Low). Sharpe Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Labuan (Sir Hugh Low). Tweeddale Coll.
f, g. Ad. sk. Labuan. G-overner Ussher [C.].
h, i. Ad. sk. Labuan, Nov. A. H. Everett, Esq.
[O.].
It. Juv. sk. N,W. Borneo. Sir Hugh Low [C],
I. Ad. sk. Banjarmassing (J. Motley). Tweeddale Coll.
6 . CEYX.
179
3. Ceyx euerythra.
Ceyx rufidorsa (nee Strickl.), Sharpe, Monoyr. Aired, p. 121, pi. 41
(1869); id. Ibis, 1877, p. 6 (Bintulu ; Jaiiibusan); Tweedd. Ibis,
1877, p. 297 (S.E. Sumatra),- Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 381 (Singapore);
Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 418 (1882); Nichols. Ibis,
1883, p. 243 (Sumatra); Sharpe, Ibis, 1884, p. 318 (Palawan);
Biittik. Notes Leyden Mus. ix. p. 37 (1887: "W. Sumatra) ;
Whitehead, Ibis, 1890, p. 45 (Palawan): Everett, Jown. Straits
Branch R. Asint. Soc. 1889, p. 159 ; Steere, List Birds fy Mamm.
Steere Erped. p. 10 (1890 : Palawan).
Ceyx iunotuinata (nee Salvad.), Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 101.
Ce}Tx dilhyynni (nee Sharpe, 1808), Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 249(Lawas ;
Brunei; Lunibidan) ; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 793 (Sandakan).
Dacelo ruficlorsa (nee Strichl.), Schi Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 49
(1863); id. Toy. Nederl. Ind. Alced. pp. 40, 67, pi. 16. fig. 1
(1864): Snellem. in VetKs Midden-Sumatra, Toy. p. 36 (1884).
Adult. Entirely red, with a wash of beautiful lilac on the upper
surface : greater wing-coverts and innermost secondaries tipped with
rufous : " bill and legs pale red ; iris brown " (A. Everett). Total
length 6*5 inches, culmen 1*5, wing 2-25, tail 1*9, tarsus 0-35.
Bab. Malacca, Sumatra, Labuan, JN'.'W. Borneo, Palawan,
Mindoro.
a, b. $ ad. sk, Elans-, Salangore, March (W, Hume Coll.
Davison).
c. $ ad. sk. Malacca, Aug. 16 (B. G. Tweeddale doll.
W. P.).
d. Ad. sk. Malacca.
W. Harvey, Esq.
e. Ad. sk. Malacca, July (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
/. S ad. sk. Johore, July 19 (W.Davison). Hume Coll.
y. Ad. sk. Singapore (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Lampong (E. C. Buxton). Tweeddale Coll.
i-l. $ ad. sk. Sumatra (Carl Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Sumatra.
Wallace Coll.
n. Ad. sk. Labuan.
Governor Ussher[C,].
o. Ad. sk. Labuan (Sir ECuyh Low). Tweeddale Coll.
p. Ad. sk. Labuan (Sir ECuyh Low). Sharpe Coll.
q. Ad. sk. Labuan. T. B. Moody, Esq.
[P-]Ad.
sk. Labuan, Jan. A. H. Everett, Esq.
[C.].
•<?. Ad. sk. Brunei.
GovernorUssher[C.].
t. Ad. sk. Sarawak (A. EC. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
u. Ad. sk. Sarawak (A. II. Everett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
v. Ad. sk. Bintulu.
A. H. Everett, Esq.
w. Ad. sk. Palawan.
H. Lempriere, Esq.
x.
S ad. sk. Mindoro, Jane. L\ C.Worcester, Esq.
[C.].
N2
180
ALCEBTNID^!.
Intermediate specimens between C. euerythra and C. tridactyla.
Ceyx rufidorsa, Strickl P. Z. S. 1846, p. 99; Salvad. Atti JR. Aecad.
Sci. Torino, iv. p. 459 (1869).
a $ ad. sk. Malacca (A. JR. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
b, c Ad. sk.
d. Imm. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . c? imm. sk.
Malacca (Dr. Maingay).
Malacca.
Malacca, July (W. Davison).
Johore, July 24 (W. DaviTweeddale
Coll.
W. Harvey, Esq_.[P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
son).
4. Ceyx inaominata.
Cevx rufidorsa, pt., Cass. 'Cat Sale. Philad. Mm. p. 13 (1852);
Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 132 (1854).
Ceyx hmominata, Salvad. Atti JR. Accad. Sci. Torino, iv. p. 465
(1869) ; Vorderm. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. hid. xliv. p. 259 (1885:
Java), xlvi. p. 68 (1887: W. Java); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic.
Genov. (2) iv. p. 537 (1887).
Dacelo rufidorsa (nee Strickl.), Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Revue Alced.
p. 33(1874).
Ceyx
rubra, Vorderm. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Lid. xliii. p. 179
(1884).
Aclalt. Entirely lilac-rufous above, with a wash of brighter lilac
on the crown; the back and rump streaked with lilac-blue; wing-
coverts rufous like the back ; bastard-wing, primary-eoverfs, and
quills blackish, with an edging of rufous to the first primary and
inner secondaries; tail rufous; lores, sides of* face, and cheeks
orange-rufous ; on the sides of the neck a band of j'ellowish white ;
throat white, slightly tinged with yellow; the rest of the under
surface bright orange-yellow, somewhat paler on the abdomen ;
under wing-coverts orange-rufous; quills dusky below, pale chestnut
along the inner web. Total length 4-8 inches, culmen 1-45, wing
2-2, tail 0-9, tarsus 0-35.
JSab, Java, Lombock, and Flores.
a-e. Ad. sk. Java (JBJorsfield). India Museum.
/. Ad. sk. Eist Java. Wallace Coll.
g. Ad. sk. West Java (A. B. Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. 2 ad. sk. Lombock (A. JR.. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
i. Ad. sk. Lombock (A. JR. Wallace). Gould Coll.
k.
Ad. sk. Plores (A. JR. Wallace: Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.).
I. Ad. sk. Flores (A. JR. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
5. Ceyx melanura.
Ceyx
melanura, Kaup, Fam. Eisv. p. 15 (1848); Gray, Cat. Fissir.
Brit. Mus. p. 59 (1848); id. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 5 (1849); Bp.
Consp. i. p. 158 (1850); Meichenb. JHJandb., Alced. p. 9 (1851);
Cass. Cat Halcyon. Philad. Mus. p. 13 (1852: Amboina); Cab. 8f
ECeine, Mus. BJein. Th. ii. p. 151 (I860; ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1868,
p. 271; id. Monogr. Alced. p. 117, pi. 39 (1868); Gray,Hand-IB.
6. CEXX. 181
i. p. 94, no. 1144 (1869) j Salvad. Atti R. Accad, Torino, iv. p. 453
(1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 511; Tweedd. Trans, Z. S. ix.
p. 153 (1875); Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1884, p. 332 (Manila),
1886, p. 156 j Steere, List Birds § Mamm. Steere Bxped. Philipp.
p. 9 (1890).
Dacelo melanura, SeUegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 49 (1863).
Ceyx samarensia, Steere. List Birds $• Mamm. Steere Bxped. Philipp.
p. 10 (1800j.
? Ceyx platena?, Blasius, J.f. 0. 1890, p. 148.
Adult. General colour above Klac-rufous, washed with lilac ; edge
of wing rufous ; scapulars rufous like the back, with, a broad band
of black on each side of the mantle; wing-coverts black, spotted
minutely with bright blue; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and
quills black; tail-feathers rufous like the back, the lateral ones
blackish ; crown of head lilac-rufous, with faint but distinct spots
of brighter lilac ; lores pale orange ; eyelid and a mark in front of
the eye blackish ; sides of face, ear-coverts, and cheeks lilac-rufous,
succeeded by a band of white on the sides of the neck, above which,
is a spot of bright blue ; throat white ; fore neck, breast, sides of
body, and flanks bright lilac-rufous; abdomen white; thighs and
under tail-coverts rufous, as well as the under wing-coverts and
axillaries and the inner edge of the quills. Total length 5 inches,
culmen 1*2, wing 2*1, tail 0-7, tarsus 0*35.
Young. Exactly similar to the adults, but with a shorter and
paler bill, the latter being horny whitish.
Rah. Philippine Archipelago.
Mr. Moseley showed me a specimen of Ceyx samareiisis of Steere,
and I could not perceive the slightest specific difference between it
and a Manila specimen. Professor W. Blasrus has also described a
Ceyx jplatence from Mindanao (J. f. 0. 1890, p. 148), which does
not seem to me to differ from O. melanura in any important
particular.
a. Juv. sk. Philippine Islands (If. Cuming: Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.).
b. Ad. sk. Philippine Islands {Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
c. d. Ad. sk. Manila. Gould Coll.
e,f. Ad. sk. Manila (Maitland-Heriot), Tweeddale Coll.
6. Ceyx basilanica *.
Ceyx basilanica, Steere, List Birds fy Mamm. Steere JExped. Philipp.
p. 10 (1890).
* CEYX MINDANENSIS.
Ceyx mindanensis, Steere, List Birds $ Mamm. Steere ExpeJ. Philipp. p. 10
(.1800).
The description of this species shows that it must be very closely allied to
C. melanura, and in that of O. basilanica we read: " White spot on side of neck
not preceded by the blue and black mar/tings found in the preceding species "
(i. e. C. mindanensis). I have been unable to identify the species.
182 ALCEDBTIDiE.
Adult male. Similar to 0. melanura, and with the same lilac spots
on the head ; the wing-covert,s, however, are rufous like the hack,
•with mesial spots of lilac; tail cinnamon-rufous: " bill and feet
bright pale rod ; iris dark brown " (I). G. Worcester). Total length
47 inches, culm on 1-5, wing 2-4, tail 0*7, tarsus 0-35.
Bab. Basilan.
a,b. 8 9 ad. sk. Basilau, Nov, D. C. Worcester and
F. 0. Bourns [G.j.
7. Ceyx cajeli.
Cevx cnjeli, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 25, pi. v.; Finsch, Ken-Guinea,
p. lfli (1865); Sharpe, P.Z.8. 1868, pp. 271, 595; id. Monogr.
Alced. p. 127, pi. 44 (1868); Seduced. Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino,
iv. p. 4C8 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 509 ; Gray, Sand-l B.
i. p. 94, no. 1147 (1869); Salvad. Ann. M'us. Genou. viii. p. 37o
(1876), x. p. 301 (1877); id, Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 416 (1880).
Dacelo cajeli, Schl Vog. Nederl. Ind. Alced. pp. 89, 67, pi. 16. fig. 3
(1864); id. Ned. Tijdschr, iii. p. 339 (1866); id. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Alced. JRevue, p. 34 (1874).
Adult male (type of species). Crown of the head and wing-
coverts black, with, very minute spots of clear bine, each feather
having a mes-ial streak of brighter colour; back silvery blue;
scapularc and tail black; quills black, the inner web light reddish
towards the base ; lores light orange; a patch of feathers on each
side of the neck white, tinged with orange; throat white; under
surface of body light orange, deeper on the flanks; a considerable
patch of feathers on the sides of the upper breast black : bill and
feet pale coral-red; iris dark. Total length 5'S inches, culmen 1'2,
wing 2-5, tail 1, tarsus 0-3.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 5"8
inches, culmen 1-4, wing 2-35, tail 1, tarsus 0-4.
Bab. The island of Bourou in the Moluccas.
a. $ ad. sk. Bourou. Wallace Coll.
b. $ ao^-skBourou.
(Type of species.)
Wallace Coll.
c. d. Ad. sk. Bourou (A, P. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
8. Ceyx wallacii.
Ceyx lepida {nee Temm.), Wallace, P. Z. S.1862, p. 338.
Ceyx wallacii, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 270: id. Monoqr. Alced.
p. 129, pi. 45 (1868).
Dacelo wallacii, Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Pas. Alced. Pevue, -p. 34
(1874).
Adult (type of species). Above black; head and nape spotted with
cobalt, more on the latter, each feather having a mesial stripe of
brighter blue; cheeks and wing-coverts streaked with bright cobalt;
back very rich shining cobalt; the upper tail-coverts slightly tinged
with ultramarine ; scapulars black; quills and tail-feathers blackish,
the inner web of the former light rufous towards the base j throat
6. CEYS.
183
whitish: loral spot and the whole of the under surface bright orange;
a band along the bides of the neck deep orange ; a patch at the sides
of the upper breabt black: "bill and feet coral-red; iris dark"
(A. R. Wallace). Total length 5-S inches, culmen 1-4, wing 2-5,
tail 1, tarsus 0*3.
Hah. Sula Islands.
a. <J ad. sk. Sula Islands. Wallace Coll.
, , (Type of species.)
b-Ad- sk. Sula Islands. Wallace Coll.
9. Ceyx lepida.
Ce\x
lepida, Temm. Pi. Col. iv. pi. 395. fig. 1 (1836); Less. Compl.
Buff., OK p. 049 (1?*38); Gray, Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 59
( WJ;: Up. Cw,p. i. p. 158 (1850); Reichenb. Handb., Aked.
p. 10, Tat". 398. tig-. 3006 (lbol); Cass. Cat. Halcyon. Philad. Mus.
p. 14 U*.12); Up. Oj,tsp. Vol. AaK p. 9 (1854;; BJartl. J. f. O.
l^'ti, p. 414; (h-ai,. P.Z. 8. 1858, p. 190; id. Cat. B. New
Gvima. p. ."}."> (1 >*.,{)); iV/. P. & A. I860, p. 348 (Amboina;
li-iirfiiai, >, iMil, p. 4#j : Wall. P.Z. 8. 1862, pp. 385, 338 (pt.);
id. P.Z. 8. lM3:j, p. 25; JOtsi'tib. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxv.
p. 25i |W5.1,: ,;/. J. /. o. 1864, p. 118; I''m^, Keu-Guinea,
p. WI {3*65); hharpe, P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 271, 596; id. Monogr.
Alud. p. 1,11, pi. 4f> (1868J; Gray, Iland-l. B. i. p. 94, no. 1145
(INIU); Hab«d. Atti It. Amid. Sci, Torino, iv. p. 471 (1869);
AW/*>, P. Z. A". ]H>9, p. 509; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. x.
p.*iO (^77}; id. P. Z. A". 1878. p. 81 (Amboina); id. Orn. Bapuasia,
I. p. 417 (1*60); id. Pep. Zool H.M.8.1 Challenger,' ii. p. 62
(lb*l); JBlmius 4* Xehrk, VerJi. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxxii. p. 418
(1882: Amboina); Blames, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 704 ((Jerani) ; Pleske,
Bull. Acad. St. Petenb. x.\ix. p. 525 (1884: Ternate); Guillem.
P.Z.S.l^o, p. 5U7 (Ternate); Salvad. Ayr/. Orn. Papuasia, i.
p. 53 (l8fc9j.
Alcyone lepida, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 82 (1847).
Ceyx uropygiali-s, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 348 (BatcMan ; Ternate) ;
JFJW/E, Neil-Guinea, p. 161 (1865); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 271,
590; id. Monogr. Abed. p. 133, pi. 47 (1869); Salvad. Atti JR.
Aciad. Sci. Torino, i\. p. 474 (1869) ; Gray, Hcaul-l. B. i. p. 94,
no. 114^ (1HJ9); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. v. p. 764 (1875).
Daeelo b-pkia, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 48 (1863); id. Toy.
Nederl. Ind. Alced. pp. 39, 66, pi. 16. figs. 4, 5 (1864); id. Mus.
Pays-Ba$, Aired. Berne, p. 34 (1874).
Alcedo lepida, liosuib. Ileis. naar Gcelvitdcb. p. 6 (1875).
Adult. Head, nape, cheeks, and wing-coverts black, plentifully
Bpotted with rich ultramarine, each feather having a central stripe
of brighter blue ; scapulars black, washed with rich ultramarine ;
back very bright ultramarine, becoming silvery-blue towaids the
rump; quills blackish, the inner web rufous towards the base ; tail
bkckifh, tinged «irh ultramarine ; throat and a longitudinal patch
of feathers on the sides of the neck white, the latter tinged with
orange ; loral sjiot Grunge ; entire under surface orange, paler on
tlie abdomen: bill and feet coral-red. Total length 5-5 iuches>,
ftutiueu Kl, wing-2-n, tail 1, larhiu 0-3.
184 ALCEDINmaS.
Hah. Moluccas; islands of Amboina, Ceram, MatabeUo, Amblau,
Great and Little Obi, Ternate, Tidore, Halniahera, Hatchian, and
Morty or Morotai.
a-c. Ad. Pk. Moluccas (Sharpe Coll). Tweeddale Coll.
d. J ad. sic.
e. $ ad. sk.
Amboina (A. R. Wallace).
Amboina.
Gould Coll.
Voy. H.M.S. ' Challenger.'
f-h. Ad. sk. Ceram. Wallace Coll.
i, k. Ad. sk. Ternate. Hnme Coll.
1. 6 ad. sk. Ternate (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
vi. c? ad. sk.
n-j. Ad.; r.
Ternate (A. JR. Wallace).
Batchian (A. R. W.).
Gould Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Juv. sk.
s,t. Ad.sk. Halmahera {A. R. W.). Wallace Coll.
10. Ceyx sacerdotis.
Ceyx sacerdotis, Ramsay, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 128 (1882).
Ceyx solitaria (nee Temm.), Grant, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 193 (Guadalcanal").
Adult. General colour above black, washed with deep ultramarine,
tbe b.ead and wing-coverts spotted with this colour; lower back
brighter and more cobalt-blue ; quills and tail black ; a lorge loral
spot of orange-rnfous; sides of face and cheeks deep ultramarine-
blue ; on the sides of the neck a band of yellowish white; throat
yellowish white ; under surface of body orange, with a small blackish
patch on the sides of the upper breast; under wing-coverts orange ;
quills blackish below, rufous along the inner web : " bill, legs, and
jiis red " (C. M. Woodford). Total length 5-5 inches, culmen 1-45,
wing 2-3, tail 0-95, tarsus 0-35.
Hob. New Britain and the Bolomou Islands.
a. $ imm. sk. New Britain. Dr. Kubary [C.].
b. Ad. sk. Aola, Guadalcanal June 27. C. M. Woodford, Esq. [0.].
11. Ceyx malamaui.
Ceyx malamaui, Steere, List Mamin. $• Birds Steere JExped. Philipp.
p. 11 (July 1890).
Ceyx suluensis, Blasius, J.f. 0. 1890, p. 141 *.
Adah male (type of G. suluensis). General colour above brilliant
silvery cobalt, rather deeper blue on the scapulars and centre of the
back; crown of head like the back, each feather with a distinct
median streak of glistening blue; wing-coverts black, light cobalt
at the ends, with a median line of silvery blue j quills and tail
black, slightly washed with blue; a very large loral spot of deep
orange-ittfous ; sides of face and ear-coverts brilliant blue like the
head ; on the sides of the neck a streak of huffy white; cheeks deep
* 'This part of the ' Journal fur Ornituologie' bears the date of April 1890,
but ivas received in England for the first time in November.
6 . CEYS.
185
orange-rufous; throat whitish; remainder of the under surface
orange, the sides of the upper brea&t deeper orange-rufous, as also
the under wing-coverts and axillaries ; quills dusky below, rufous
along the inner web : '• bill and feet coral-red; iris brown'' (Dr.
Piatt a). Total length 5%5 inches, culmen 1-45, wing 2-(55, tail 0-95,
tarsus 0"4. \Mvs. Brvnsv.)
Ymintj. Similar to the adult, but not so richly coloured, and with
a shorter and more dusky bill, whitish horn-colour ; scapulars black,
washed with blue ; the entire back silvery white with a greenish-
blue tinge; head and wing-coverts black, spotted with bright cobalt;
faille of face and under surface as in the adult.
Huh. Sulu Islands and island of Basiian.
a. Ad. *k. Isabella de Basilan, Nov. 14, F. S. Bourns, Esq. [C.].
12. Cejx hoiirnsi.
CVyx fyviro-ii, iS'fmv,
Li*t Birds £ Mamm. Steere JExjpecl Philipputr?,
\\ 10 llKKJ).
(Vy.v mar/arethae, JJta*iu,% J.f. 0. lbOO, p. 141 *.
A'htHfmwU ^type of (J. nianjunthp). General colour above rich
mil wsiurlne-blue, the head like the back ; wing-coverts black, washed
with ultramarine on the edges; quills and tail-feathers black,
slightly wa-hetl with ultramarine; a large loral patch of orangerutoiiii;
sides of face and ear-coverts rich ultramarine like the
crown ; checks deep orange like the loral patch; on the sides of
the neck a streak of huffy white ; throat white ; under surface of
body orange, lighter on the abdomen; under wing-coverts and
axillaries like the breast; quills blackish below, rufous along the
Inner web: " bill and feet coral-red ; iris brown " (Dr. Platen).
Total length 5 inches, culmen 1*4, wing 2-6, tail 0*9, tarsus 0*4.
(J/u,s\ B> utisv.)
Tufimj. Similar to the adult, but less brilliant and with a duller
red bill; the head and scapulars and wing-coverts black, with blue
ends to the feathers ; the blue of the back lighter than in the adult,
asid inclining to cobalt on the lower back ; loral spot as large as in
th*' adult.
Ihih. JBoMlan and Hulu Islands.
13. Ceyx eyanipectiis.
Oyx
eyan.»p-efu~, Lafr. liev. Zuol. 1840, p. S3; Gray, Gen. i?. ii.
App.'p. "> f lft4^>j; IVurdlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1884, p. 332, pi. ix.;
id. lbi.% lii&i, p. h'Ai (ilunila); Xteere, List Birds § Mamm.
htnrt Jupe/L Philipp. p. 10 (pt. 1890: 3Iarinduque).
• TS.P first appearance of this name was in a newspaper, the ' Braunschweig-
j«>-l,»* Ai>*Hj,vr ' of the l.'nli of May, IS'JO. If this publication be deemed adtm
»»il>.«% \\\\w\\ lu.glifrh rules of nomenclature do not allow, then Blasius'
intm- ftuiiid mpeiveuV that given by Steere. The description of the latter
insider was ih»u«*.l in Jul}, whereas the April 'Beit' of the ' Journal fur Orniihiinps'
v>iv* not mvnetl in England till November.
186
JLLCEDINIDJE.
Alcyone cvanopechis, Jard. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 82: Bp. Comp. L
p.' loS (1850); Meichenh. Handb., Alced. p. 71, Taf. 396. fig. 3060
(1851); Bp. Comp. Valuer. Anis. p. 10 (1854); Hartl J. f. 0.
1854, p. lxiv; S/iarpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 3o3; id. Monogr. Alced.
p. 55, pi. 17 (1869); WaUen, Trans. Z. S. ix^pp. 153,249 (1875);
Wardlaw-Ramsay', App. Tiveedd. Mem. p. 655 (18S1).
Alcyone cincta, Jard. Contr. Ora. 1850, p. 82, pi. only.
Aleedo cvanipectus, Sckl. Mas. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 18(1803) ; Gray,
Iland-l B. I p. 95, no. 1161 (1869).
Ceyx philippineLsis,
Gould, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 404; Sharpe, Monogr.
Ahed. p. 113, pi. 37 (1869); Walden, Trans. Z. S. ix. pp. 153,
249 (1875); Wardlaic Ramsay, Tiveedd. Mem. App. p. 654 (1881).
Adult female. General colour above bright cobalt-blue from the
mantle to the upper tail-coverts : the scapulars black washed with
indigo ; wing-coverts black washed with blue, through which runs
a shaft-line of bright cobalt; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and
quills black, externally washed with indigo-blue; centre tail-
feathers blue, the remainder black; crown of head, nape, and hind
neck blue-black, spangled with tiny spots of bright cobalt, larger
on the hind neck; a loral spot of orange-chestnut; ear-coverts and
cheeks blue-black, spotted with cobalt like the crown ; on the sides
of the neck a band of pale orange-rufous, whitish anteriorly ; chin
and upper throat white, tinged with rufous; lower throat, fore
neck, breast, and abdomen rich orange-chestnut, as well as the sides
of the body and the tinder wing- and tail-coverts ; the long under
tail-covertb deep blue ; on the bides of the breast a large patch of
deep ultramarine-blue, forming a broad half-collar. Total length
b'b inches, culmen 1*45, wing 2*35, tail 0*85, tarsus 0*4.
Adult male. Similar to the female, but differing in the colour of
the under surface, which is crossed by a broad pectoral band of deep
indigo-blue; the sides of the body also blue, but brighter and more
ultramarine, forming a second incomplete baud across the lower
portion of the breast. Total length 5'5 inches, culmen 1*6, wing
It is not easy to understand exactly what Prof. Bteere means by
his remark on this species. It has hitherto been supposed to be
confined to the island of Luzon, but the above-named traveller
records it from Mindoro and Marinduque. The specimen from
Marinduque is said to have the upper mandible reddish brown,
while in the Mindoro specimen it is black. I consider the latter to
belong to a distinct species {vide infra).
Hab* Luzon and Marinduque.
a. S ad. sk. Philippines. Eyton Coll. (Type
of species.)
b. J ad. sk. Philippines. Eyton Coll. ^
c. $ ad. sk. Philippines. Purchased.
d. $ ad. sk. Manila. Gould Coll. (Type
of Ceyx philipjrin&txis.)
e,f. £ ad.; g, h. Manila (Maitland Ileriof). Tweeddale Coll.
$ ad. sk.
6. CEYX.
187
14. Ceyx steerii.
Cevx philippinensis, Steere, List Birds $• Mamm. Steere Exped.
JPhilipp. p. 10 (1890, pt).
Adult female. Similar to C. cyanipectus, but distinguished by the
dull reddish colour of the under surface. Total length 5*5 inches,
culmen 1 45, wing 2*35, tail 0*85, tarsus 0*4.
Hab. Island of Mindoro in the Philippines.
a. $ ad. bk. Mindoro, June 22. F. S. Bourns, Esq. [C.].
15. Ceyx argentata.
Cevx argentata,
Tweedd. Ann. $ Mag. K. K. (4) xx. p. 533 (1877)
(Dinagat); id. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 822 (Placer); id. P. Z. S. 1878,
p. 10b, pi. vi. (Dinagat), p. 94"3 (Zamboanga); Steere, List Birds
§ Mamm. Steere Exped. Fhilipp. p. 10 (1890).
Adult male. General colour above black, -with spots of silvery
•white along the sides of the crown, and a few spots of greenish
blue or silvery white on the hind neck; entire back, rump, and
tipper tail-coverts silvery white, with here and there a subterminal
shade of greenish blue ; scapulars and wing-coverts black; the
median wing-coverts with tiny terminal specks of greenish blue, the
greater series with larger spots of silvery white; bastard-wing,
primary-coverts, and quills black; tail black, with some of the
lower upper tail-coverts greenish blue; lores pale rufescent; ear-
coverts and cheeks black; on the sides of the neck a band of
ochreous white ; throat white with a slight ochreous tinge; sides of
breast black; breast and sides of body black, washed with deep
blue ; abdomen white; thighs and under tail-coverts black; under
wing-coverts and axillaries white, as also the edge of the wing : the
coverts bordering the entire bend of the wing black; quills black
below : " bill black ; feet pale reddish ; iris brown " {A. Everett),
Total length 5 inches, culmen 1*5, wing 2*35, tail 0*8, tarsus 0*35.
Bab. Mindanao and Dinagat.
a. J ad. sk. Dinagat, June (A. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. ^
(Type of species.)
b. $ ad. sk. Placer, July {A, Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
1G. Ceyx frnminicola.
CVyx argentata {nee Tweedd. 1877), Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 341 (S.
Leyte).
Ceyx flumenicola, Steere, List Birds fy Mammals Steere Exped.
Philippines, p. 10 (1890).
Adult male. Similar to O. argentata, but differing in having the
breast and sides of the body black washed with ultramarine or
purplish blue : " bill black; legs and feet scarlet, the nails brown;
iris brown " (D. G. Worcester). Total length 5 inches, culmen 145,
wing 2*4, tail 0*9, tarsus 0*4.
188
ALCIIDLXIDJS.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 5-5
inches, culmen 145, wing 2*3, tail 0*85, tarsus 0*35.
The specimen from Leyte is more ultramarine on the breast than
those from Samar, which incline to purplish blue; but Professor
Steere unites the birds from the two islands, and thus the Lejte
specimen in the Museum may be immature, especially as it has the
throat and abdomen tinged with buff. This last character Prof.
Steere considers to be specific, but I feel sure that it i& a sign of
immaturity.
Bab. Islands of Samar and Leyte.
a. d ad. sk. Samar, March 31. F. S. Bourns, Esq. [C.].
b. 2 ad. sk. Samar, March 28. 13. C. Worcester, Esq. J3.].
c. <$ ad. sk. S. Leyte, Oct. {A. Everett), Tweeddale Coll.
17. Ceyx gentiana.
Ceyx gentiana, Tristr. Ibis, 1879, p. 438, pi. xi.; id. Ibis, 1882,
p.
143; Ramsai^ t. c. p. 345; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. X. &
Wales, vii p. 20 (1882) ; Sharpe in Goulds B. K. Guin. iv. pi. 46
(1880) ; Salvad. Agg. Orn. Pajmasia, i. p. 53 (1889).
Adult female (type of species). Mantle and scapulars black,
washed with purplish blue, the feathers being mesialty streaked with
dark cobalt; entire back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bright
silvery greenish cobalt, a little more purplish on the latter; lesser,
median, and inner greater coverts black, tipped with purplish blue,
with a narrow mesial line of cobalt; remainder of the greater
coverts, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, slightly
shaded with purplish blue externally; tail-feathers black, edged
with purplish blue; crown of head black, all the feathers tipped
with purplish blue, each feather with a central line of blighter
cobalt; the spots thicker on the nape and hind neck, which appear
almost entirely purplish blue; lores and base of forehead black,
with a white loral spot; feathers round eye, ear-coverts, and
cheeks black, the feathers mesially streaked with purplish blue;
throat and under surface of body white, as also a longitudinal patch
on the sides of upper breast, with a pateh of black feathers washed
with blue; flanks with black streaks ; thighs blackish; under tail-
coverts white, tipped with purplish blue; under wing-coverts
and axillaries white, with a black bar across the former; quills
below dusky, white along the edge of the inner web : u bill black;
feet flesh-colour; iris bluish-black " ( 67. E. Richards). Total length
5*5 inches, culmen 1*55, wing 2*55, tail 1*1, tarsus 0*45. (litis. H.
B.
Tristram.)
Bab. San Christoval, Solomon Islands.
18. Ceyx solitaria.
Ceyx
irentnting (nee Horsf), Less. Toy. Coquille, i. pt. 2, p. 091
(1826); Pueher. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1801, p. 345.
6. CEYX.
189
Cevx solitaria, Temm. PL Col. iv. pi. 595.%. 2 (1836); Mull. Verh.
land- en Volkenh p. 22 (1839-44); Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 172,
190; id. Cat. B. New Guinea, pp. 21, 55 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1859,
p. 155, 1861, p. 433; Finsch, Neu-Guiyiea, p. 161 (1865); Rosenb.
Pels naar. Zindoosiereil p. 35 (1867); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1868,
pp. 271, 597; id. Monoqr. Alced. p 115, pi. 38 (1808); Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 95, no. 1150 (1869) ; Salvad. Atti P. Accad. 8ci.
Torino, iv. p. 468 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. 8, 1869, p. 509; Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. si. p. 764 (1875: Batanta), viii. p. 397
(1876: Krudu) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 360 (New Guinea), 1877,
p. 105; Gould, B. New Gum. iv. pi. 45 (1876); Salvad. Ann. Mus.
Civ. Genov. x. pp. 126, 301 (1877); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8.
W. iii. p. 259 (1878); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiii. p. 492
(1878); E?Albert. £ Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 49
(1879); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iv. p. 96 (1879);
Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 420 (1880); Sharpe, Journ. Linn.
Soc, Zool xvi p. 429 (1882: Taburi; Milne Bay) ; Meyer, Zeitsch.
yes. Orn. i. p. 275 (1884: Aru Islands); Nehrk. J. f. 0. 1885,
p. 31 (Waigiou); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 626 (Salawati:
Waigiou); Salvad. Agy. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 53 (1889).
Alcyone solitaria, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 82 (1847); Bp. Consp. i.
p. 158 (1850); Reichenb, Handb., Alced. p. 7, Taf. 398. fig. 3067
(1851); Bp. Consp. Vol Anis. p. 10 (1854); Posenb. Nat. Tijdsckr.
Nederl. Ind. xxv. p. 231 (1863); id. J. f. O. 1864, p. 118. '
Therosa solitaria, Mull. MS8.f teste Bp. Consp. i. p. 158 (1850).
Alceclo meninting {nee Horsf.), Scl. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 156
(1858).
Alcedo solitaria, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 17 (1863); id. Vog.
Nederl. Ind. Alced. pp. 12, 48, pi. 3. fig. 5 (1864); id. Mus. Pays-
Bas, Alced. Revue, p. 9 (1874); Rosenb. Reis. naar GeelvinJcb.
p. 195 (1875).
Ceyx
(Therosa) solitaria, Salvad. Atti R. Accad. Torino, iv. p. 474
(1879).
Adult. Head and nape black, banded with bright ultramarine;
back and scapulars rich ultramarine; cheeks and wing-coverts
black, spotted with brigbt ultramarine; quills blackish, the inner
web dusky towards the base, the secondaries narrowly edged with
blue ; tail black, edged with blue ; throat white ; loral spot and a
longitudinal band along the sides of the neck yellowish white ;
entire under surface light orange : bill entirely black ; feet orange.
Total length 5 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 2*1, tail 0*8, tarsus 0*2,
Hob. Few Guinea, Waigiou, Batanta, Mysol, Krudu, Jobi,
Misori, Aru Islands, New Ireland.
a. Ad. sk. [New Guinea: Sharpe Coll.'] Tweeddale Coll.
b, c. Ad, et jun. Balawati. Wallace Coll.
sk.
d. Ad. sk. Milne Bay, S.E. New Guinea. C. Hunstein [0.].
e. 2 ad. sk. Mysol (A. R. Wallace : Sharpe Tweeddale Coll.
"Coll.).
f. $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll.
g-n.m Ad. sk. Aru Islands (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-G odman Coll.
o. Ad. sk. New Ireland (Rev. G. Brown). Tweeddale Coll.
190 ALCEDINID-E.
7. CEYCOPSIS. ^
Tjpe.
Ceyeop-is, Salvad. Atti R. Accad. Torino, iv. p. 447 (1889). C. fallax.
Mange. Confined to Celebes and the Sanghir Islands.
1. Ceycopsis fallax.
Dacelo fallax, ScU XerlerL Tijchchr. iii. p. 1S7 (I860).
Ceycopsis, fallax, Salvad. At11 R. Accad, Torino, iv. p. 447 (1869);
Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 135, pi. 48 (1869); Meyer, Ibis, 1879,
p. 63.
Ceyx fallax, Gray, JSand-l R. iii. p. 227 (1871).
Adult. General colour above deep cinnamon-rufous ; lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts cobalt, with a beautiful lilac gloss, the
tail-coverts lilac-blue ; wing-coverts duller cinnamon than the back,
spotted with lilac; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills
blackish, the secondaries rufous at the ends of the outer webs, the
innermost cinnamon-rufous like the back; entire crown and nape
black, each feather tipped with bright ultramarine-blue ; lores and
sides of face cinnamon-rufous, washed with lilac on the cheeks and
ear-coverts : behind the latter a band of white feathers; throat
white ; remainder of under surface of body rufous with a shade of
beautiful lilac, especially on the lower breast and abdomen, which
are isabelline ; under wing-coverts and axillaries rufous, as well as
the quill-lining : " bill brilliant red, only the middle of the upper
mandible blackish : feet and claws brilliant red ; iris dark brownish "
(A. B. Meyer). Total length 4*7 inches, culmen 1*0, wing 2-4,
tail 1, tarsus 0-35.
Yoimy. More dusky on the upper surface than the adult, much
browner; the lower back and rump brilliant silvery cobalt, but
without lilac shading; the under surface is also more ferruginous,
without lilac shades.
Hob. Celebes and Sanghir Islands.
a, b. Ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.
c, d. Ad. sk. Sanghir Islands (A, B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll.
8. ISPIDIFA.
Type.
Ispidina, Kauj), Fa?n. Eisv. p. 11 (1848) I. picta.
Range. Confined to Africa and Madagascar.
Key to the Species.
a. Back bright ultramarine.
af. Abdomen orange-rufous.
a". No blue spot behind the ear-coverts.. picta, p. 391.
b". A blue spot behind the ear-coverts .. tiatalevisis, p. 19*3.
b'. Abdomen white Uucogaster, p. 193.
b. Back lil iC-recl madagascariensis, p. 194.
8. ISPIDISTA.
191
1. Ispidina picta.
Todier de Juida, JDaubent, PL JSnl. pi. 783.
Todier bleu a ventre orange, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 229 (1780).
Blue Tody, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. (395 (1782).
Todiw pictus, Bodd. Tabl. PL JSnl. p. 49 (178:)).
Todus cseruleus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 444 (1788).
Alcedo pusilla {nee Temm.), Shaw $ Nodd. Nat. Misc. v. pi. 159
(1793).
Alcedo nutans, Vieill N. Diet. xix. p. 412 (1818).
Alcedo ultramarina, Baud. Ann. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. ii. p. 443, pi. 62.
tig. 2 (1833); Shaw # Nodd. op. cit. xxi. pi. 901 (1809),
Alcedo Ccerulea, Bupp. Neue Wirb., Yog. p. 70 (1835) ; Bp. Consp.
i. p. 158 (1850); IleugJ. Syst. Ueben. p. 18 (1856); Antin. Cat.
descr. Ucc. p. 29 (18(14); Hartl. J.f.O. 1806, p. 201.
Ilak-yon cvanotih, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 103 (1837) ; Jard. Contr.
Om. 1849, p. 6.
Alcedo picta,
Gray $ Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 81, pi. 28 (1847) ; id. Cat.
Fissir. p. Qo (1848); Sehl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 16 (1863);
Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 96, no. 1170 (1869); Cab. J. f. O. 1878,
p. 235 (Kitui); Fischer §• Beichen. t. c. p. 256; Fischer, t. c.
p. 288; Bilttik. Notes Leyden Mus. vii. p. 160 (1885); Beichen.
J. f. 0.1887, p. 309 (Kassongo).
Ispidina
picta, Kaup, Fam. Eisv. p. 12 (1848); Reiclienb. Handb.,
Alced. p. 6, Taf. 397. tigs. 3361-62 (1851); Cass. Cat. Hale. Philad.
Mus. p. 12 (1852); Verr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1855, p. 274;
Gumey, Ibis, 1859, p. 153 (Ibadan); Cab. <§» Heine, Mas. Hein.
Th. ii. p. 146 (1860); Sharps, Monogr. Alced.-p. 141, p. 51 (1869) j
id. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 568 (Angola); Hevgl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. I
p. 183 (1869); Blanf. Geol. 8f Zool. Abyss, p. 323 (1870); Finsch,
Tram. Z. S. vii. p. 223 (1870); id. $ Hartl. Fog. Ostafr. p. 171
(1870); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 603 (Oameroons); Antin. fy
Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 67 (1873: Bogos); TJssher, Ibis, 1874,
p. 50 (Gold Coast); Sharpe fy Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i.
p. 40 (1876 : Congo); Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 99 (1877); Nichols.
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 131 (Abeokuta); Pek. Verh. s.-b. Ges. Wien,
xxxi. p. 143 (1881: Magungo); Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 568
(Dar-es-Salaam); Hartl. Abhandl. nat. Ver. Bremen, viii. p. 207
(1882: Lado); Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvii. p. 435 (1884:
Niam-Niam); Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. p. 361 (1884: Nguruman);
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) i. p. 113 (1885 ; Sboa);
Fischer, J. f O. 1885, p. 126 (Zanzibar, Usegua, Mombasa,
Malindi); Schalow, J. f. O. 1886, pp. 421, 432 (Lualaba); Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) vi. p. 223 (1888); Buttik. Notes
Leyden Mus. x. p. 71 (1888: Liberia), xi. p. 117 (1889) ; Shelley,
P. Z. S. 1888, p. 41 (Wadelai); id. Ibis, 1890, p. 167 (Aruwhimi
II.) ; Sharpe, App. Jameson's Bear-Column, p. 408 (1890).
Alcedo purpurea {nee Gm.), Bes Murs in Lefebvre's Toy. Abyss.,
Zool. p. 82 (1848).
Ispidina cserulea, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 9 (1854).
Alcedo cyanotis, Hartl. J.f.O. 1854, p. 4; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 35
(1857).
Ispidina cyanotis, Hartl. J.f. 0.1861, p. 105 ; Brehm, Beis. Habesch,
pp. 16, 210 (1863); Heugf. J. f. 0.1864, p. 333; Forbes, Ibis, 1883,
p. 521 ( R Niger).
192
ALCEDISIDJE.
Adult male. General colour above rich ultramarine-blue ; wing-
coverts black, with a spot of deep blue at the end ; quills and tail
black, washed externally with blue; erown black, barred with blue;
narrowing towards the hind neck, which has a collar of orange-
rufous, tinged with lilac; lores and a broad eyebrow, sides of face,
cheeks, and under surface of body orange-rufous, wTashed with lilac
on the sides of the face and sides of neck ; on the latter a streak of
huffy white; throat pure white; under wing-coverts orange like the
breast; quills dusky blackish below, dull rufous along the inner
^eb: " bill and feet coral-red; iris dusky brown" (Heuglin).
Total length 4*0 inches, culmen 1*05, wing 1*9, tail 0*9, tarsus 0*3.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but the colours scarcely so
bright. Total length 4-7 inches, wing 2*05.
Young. Similar to the adults, but distinguished by the black bill,
and the colour of the back, which is spangled with bright cobalt
edges to the feathers ; the bars on the head and the spots on the
wing-coverts also bright cobalt.
Hal. West Africa from Angola to Senegambia, throughout the
Congo basin to Mam-Niam and Equatorial Africa, thence to Abyssinia
and Bogos.
a.
(S ad. sk. River Quanza, Angola, May (J. Sharpe Coll.
J. Monteiro).
b. Ad. sk. River Quanza.
Shelley Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Kiver Congo.
Riocour Coll.
(A. nutans, V.)
d.
<$ ad. sk. Landana, R. Congo (L. Petit). Shelley Coll.
e. $ ad. &k. Conde, R. Congo (L. Petit). Shellev Coll.
/ . Ad. sk. Gaboon (A. Marche). ShelleV Coll.
g.
Ad. sk. Gaboon (Sharpe Coll). Tweeddale Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Cameroons {A, Crossley). Sharpe Coll.
i, k. Ad. sk. Cameroons (Sharpe ColL). Tweeddale Coll.
l-7i. Ad. sk. Abeokuta. F. Nicholson, Esq.
o. Ad. sk. River Volta (Governor Ussher). Sharpe Coll.
p,
q. Ad. et Fantee. Sharpe Coll.
juv. sk.
r.
Imm.sk. Fantee (Governor Ussher). Sharpe Coll.
s. $ ad. sk. Connor's Hill, Cape Coast, March Shelley Coll.
7 (G. E. S.).
t, u. $ ad.sk. Cape Coast Castle, Jan., March Shelley Coll
(T. B. Buckley).
v. Juv. sk. Commendah, June (K. P. Blissett). Shelley Coll.
to. Ad. sk. Ashanti. Gould'Coll.
x. J ad. sk. Senegal (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
y. Juv. sk. Semmio, Niani-Niarn, May. F.BohndorffrC.1
z.
9 ad. sk. Wadelai, July 16. Einin Pasha "PA"
a'.
(S ad. sk. Kokai, Lelbka Vallev, Rogos, ^Y. T. BlanfordJEsq.
Aug. 9.
[P.!
V, c'. tf ? ad. Rogos Land, July, Aug. (W. Tweeddale Coll.
Jesse).
d'. S ad. sk. Bejook, July 15 (IT. J.). Shelley Coll.
e\ <$ ad. sk. Waliko, July 31 (IF. J.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8 . ISPIDItfA.
193
2. Ispidina natalensis.
Alcedo natalensis,
Smith, S. Afr. Q. Journ. no. 5, p. 14 (1831);
Bayard, K S. Afr. p. 66 (1867).
Ispidina nitida, Kaup, Fa?n. Eisv. p. 13 (1848) j Reichenb. Handb.,
Alced. p. 6 (1851).
Alcedo nitida, Gray, Cat. Mssir. Brit. Mus. p. 65 (1848); id. Gen.
B. iii. App. p. 5 (1849); HartL J.f. 0. 1854, p. 4; id. Orn. W.-
Afr. p. 36 (1857).
Corythornis nitida, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 10 (1854).
Alcedo picta (nee Bodd.), Jard. Edinb. New Philos. Journ. new ser.
iii. p. 242 (1856); HartL 8? Finsch, Vdg. Ostafr. p. 171 (1870).
Alcedo picturata, ScJil. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 16 (1863).
Ispidina picta {nee Bodd.), Cass. Cat. Hale. Philad. Mus. p. 12 (1852,
pt.) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1859, p. 246.
Alcedo mutans {nee V.), Bianc. Spec. Zool. Mosamb. fasc. xviii.
p. 320 (1867).
Halcyon cyanotis {nee Swains.), Bayard, B. S. Afr. p. 64 (1867).
Ispidina natalensis, Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, pp. 281, 283; id. Monogr.
Alced. p. 145, pi. 52 (1869); Gurney, Ibis, 1873, p. 259 (Natal);
Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 69 (Natal); Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr.
pp. 113, 807 (1875-84); Butler, Feilden, $ Beid, Zool 1882,
p. 207.
Alcedo coronata,
Smith (ubi?), teste Gray, Handrl. B. i. p. 96.
no. 1171 (1869). * *
Adult. Similar to i~. picta, but distinguished by a spot of bright
blue behind the ear-coverts; the orange-rufous collar round the
hind neck is more extended, and the cap on the crown much more
confined, not reaching beyond the occiput. Total length 4*5 inches,
culmen 1*05, wing 2*05, tail 0*9, tarsus 0*35.
Young. Similar to the adults, but distinguished by its black bill,
and the cobalt-blue on the back, crown, and wing-coverts.
Hah. S.E. Africa from Natal to the Zambesi, and thence to the
Zanzibar district in Eastern Africa.
a, b. Imm. &k.
c. Juv. sk.
S.E. Africa.
S.E. Africa.
Sharpe Coll.
Old Coll.
d, e. Ad. etimm. Natal.
(Type of J. nitida.)
Gould Coll.
sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g, h, i, h. Ad. et
Natal {Sharpe Coll.).
Durban {Gordge).
Tweeddale OoU.
Shelley Coll.
juv. sk.
I, m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
Zambesi {Sharpe Coll.).
Dar-es-Salaam (Sir J. Kirk).
Tweeddale Coll.
Shelley Coll.
3. Ispidina leucogaster.
Halcyon leucogaster, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1846, p. 4; Gray, Gen. B. i.
p. 79 (1846); Allen 8f Thompson, Exped. Niger, ii. p. 503 (1848).
Alcedo leucogaster, Kaup, Verh. not. Ver. Darmst. 1848, p. 75; id.
Earn. Eisv. p. 13 (1848); Gray, Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 64
(1848); Fraser, Zool. Typ. p. 32 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 159
(1850); Strichl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 134 ; Verr. Bev. Zool. 1851,
p. 208 ; HartL J.f. 0.1854, p. 4; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 35 (1857) j
VOL. XVII. O
104 ALCEDIXID-E.
Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. 3867, p. 37; Jard. Mem. StricJcl p. SSI
(1858); DuChaillu, Equal. Afr. p. 472 (1861); Gray, Hand-l B.
L p. 96, no. 1169 (1869).
Ispidina leucogastra, Reichenb. Ha?idb.;Alced. p. 6, Taf. 395. fig. 3056
(1851); Cass. Cat. Halcyon. Phil. Mus. p. 13 (1852); Sharpe,
Monoyr. Alced. p. 139, pi. 50 (1868); Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 50
(Gold Coast); Biittik. Notes Leyd. Mus. x. p. 71 (1888: Liberia),
xi. p. 117 (1889).
CorytEornis leucogastra; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 10 (1854).
Adult. General colour aboTe rich ultramarine-blue; head black,
barred with ultramarine; -wing-coverts black, washed with blue on
the edges; quills and tail black, washed with blue externally, the
first primary margined with rufous ; a large loral spot of bright ferruginous,
separated by a black line on the forehead; a narrow eyebrow
ferruginous, washed with lilac posteriorly; a band of white on
the sides of the neck; entire throat, breast, and abdomen white ;
sides of face, cheeks, ear-coverts, sides of neck, and entire sides of
body bright ferruginous ; under tail-coverts white tinged with rusty ;
under wing-coverts, asillaries, and quill-lining ferruginous: " bill
and feet red; iris black" (J. ButtUcofer). Total length 4*5 inches,
culmen 1*2, wing 2*2, tail 0*85, tarsus 0*3.
Young. Differs from the adult in its entirely black bill, lighter
blue back, and in the colour of the crown, which is ferruginous, as
well as the hind neck, the hinder crown only being black, barred
with blue.
In one specimen in the Museum the bill is red, but the head is
almost entirely ferruginous, as in the nestling.
Hah. West Africa, from Sierra Leone to the Congo.
a. Imm. sk. Sierra Leone. Gould Coll.
by c. Jav. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
Sierra Leone.
Fantee {Governor Ussher).
Fantee [Governor Ussher).
Ashantee.
H. C. Hart, Esq. [P.].
Shelley Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Tweeddale Coil.
<7, h. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Gould Coll.
i. Ad.sk.
k. Ad. sk.
Gaboon (Walker).
Fernando Po.
Sharpe Coll.
L. Fraser ~C.l.
I $ ad. sk. Landana, R. Congo (L. Petit).
(T}pe of species.)
Shelley Coll.
4. Ispidina madagascariensis.
Le Martin-pescheur de Madagascar, Briss. Orn. IT. p. 508, pi. 38. %. 1
(1760).
Alceclo madagascariensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 179 (1766); Gm. Si/st.
Nat. i. p. 449 (1788) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 81 (1847); Bp. Consp.
i. p. 159 (1850); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 96, no, 1172 (1869).
Le Martin peckeur roux, Daubent. PL Bnl. pi. 778. fig. 1; Buff. Hist.
Nat. Ois. vii. p. 199 (1780).
Kufous Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 630 (1782).
Lacelo rufulus, Lafr. Mev. Zool. 1838, p. 224.
Ispidina madagascariensis, Cass. Cat. Hale. Philad. Mus. p. IS (1852);
Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 9 (1854); Hartl J.f.O. I860, p. 86;
9 . MYIOCEXX.
195
id. Faun. Madag. p. 30 (1861); Boch $ Neat. Ibis, 1862, p. 271;
Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 137, pi, 49 (1869); id. P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 398; id. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 868; JELartl Vb'g. Madag. p. 80
(1877); Milne-Edwards $ Grand. Hist Nat. Madag., Ois. p. 2
pis. kxix., lxxix. A, xcxi., cxvii. A. (1878).
Dacelo madagascariensis, Schl. P. Z. S.1866, p. 421; Grandid. Rev.
et Mag. de Zool 1867, p. 354; ScM. fy Poll. Faun. Madag., Ois.
p. 59 (1868).
Adulf. Upper surface of the body rufous, with here and there a
slight lilac lustre ; wing-feathers blackish, the inner web light
rufous from the base, the outer web edged with rufous, more espe
cially on the secondaries, which
are almost entirely of the latter
colour ; throat, a longitudinal patch of feathers along the sides of the
neck extending backwards, the middle of the abdomen, and under
tail-coverts white ; cheeks and sides of the body rufous; under
wing-coverts pale rufous: bill and feet coral-red. Total length 5
inches, of bill from front 1, from gape 14, wing 2*3, tail 1, tarsus
0*25, middle toe 0*45, hind toe 0*2.
Hob. Madagascar.
a, b. Ad. sk. Madagascar.
A. Orossley [O.].
c. Ad. sk. N. Madagascar (Crossley). Salvm-Godman Coll
d. Ad. sk, Saralalan (Crossley). Shelley Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Madagascar (J. Plant). Tweeddale Coll.
/ . Ad. sk. Madagascar. Seebohm Coll.
9.
MYI0CEYX.
Type.
Myioceyx, Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. Intr. pp. xi; xiii
(1871) M. ruficeps.
Range. West Africa from the Gold Coast to Gaboon.
Key to the Species.
a. Head red, with black on the forehead ruficeps, p. 195.
b. Head black, banded with blue
lecontii, p. 196.
1. Myioceyx ruficeps.
Ispidina ruficeps, Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 262 (1857); Bliarpe,
Monogr. Alced. p. 147, pi. 53 (1869).
Alcedo lecontei (nee Cass.), Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, p. 16 (1863).
Alcedo ruficeps, Gray, Han&-1 B. i. p. 96, no. 1173 (1869).
Myioceyx ruficeps, Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. Intr. p. xiii (1871).
Adult Above brilliant ultramarine ; wing-coverts black, washed
with ultramarine at the ends • quills and tail black; crown of head
and sides of face chestnut-orange, spotted with lilac, and washed
with the latter colour on the sides of the face and hinder crown ;
a black spot on the base of the forehead; throat whitish ; remainder
of under surface of body orange-rufous, paler in the centre of the
abdomen ; under wing-coverts orange; quills dusky below, rufous
o2
196 A.ICEDIKID2E.
along the inner web. Total length 4 inches, culmen 1*15, wing 1*75,
tail 07*5, tarsus 0*3.
Hob. Forests of the Interior of the Gold Coast.
a. Ad. sk. Fantee. Sharpe Coll.
2. Myioceyx lecontii.
Ispidina lecontei, Cass. Proc. Bhilad. Acad. 1856, p. 158; Marti. Dm.
W.-Afr. p. 35 (1857); BuChaillu, Squat Afr. p. 472 (1861);
Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 283; id. Monogr. Alced. p. 149, pi. 54
(1871).
Alcedo lecontei, Gray, ILand-l, B. i. p. 96, no. 1174 (1869).
Myioceyx lecontei, Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. Intr. p. xiii (1871).
Adult male, 'Front black (without spots); crown and occiput
bluish black, with small spots of light blue, with a purple tinge; a
narrow partially concealed collar of rufous on the neck behind;
wing-coverts black, with small purplish-blue spots ; quills bluish
black, edged with rufous on their inner webs; tail bluish black; a
small spot in front of the eye, cheeks, breast, and abdomen yellowish
rufous, darker on the breast; throat white; under wing-coverts
rufous : upper mandible bluish black, the point white, the under
mandible at the base yellow, then dark brown towards the point,
but at the tip white ; legs yellow. Total length 3*75 inches, wing
1*8, tail 0-9, bill in front 1. (Oassin.)
Hub. Gaboon.
10. SYHA.
Type.
Syma, Less. Vog. Coquille, i. pt. 2, p. 688 (1828) S. toroturo.
Range. Confined to the Papuan Islands, and the Cape York Pen
insula of Australia.
Key to the Species.
a. Bill yellow, with a black mark near the end of
the culmen , torotoro, p. 196.
b. Bill yellow, without any black mark on the
culmen Jlavirostris, p. 197.
1. Syma torotoro.
Syma torotoro, Less. Toy. Coqmlle, ZooL Atlas, pi. 81 (1826); id.
in Feruss. Bull. Sci. Nat. xi. p. 443 (1827); id. Toy. Coquille, i.
pt. 2, p. 689 (1828); id. Traite, p. 244 (1831); id. Compl Buff.,
Ois. p. 653 (1838); Bp. Camp. i. p. 153 (1860); Beiclienb. Handb.,
Alced. p. 43, Taf. 430. fig. 3173 (1851); Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis.
p. 9 (1854); Wall. Ann. §• Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) xx. p. 477 (1857);
Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 172, 190; id. Cat. Mamm. %• B. New
Guinea, p. 55 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 433; Bosenb. Nat.
Tijdschr. Nederl Ind. xxv. p. 230 (1863); id. J.f. 0.1864, p. 118 ;
Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 151, pi. 5o (1869); Scl. P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 697; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. vii p. 765 (1875), viii. p. 397
(1876), ix. p. 29 (1876), x. pp. 127, 304 (1877); Sharpe, Journ.
10 . SYMA,
197
Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 492 (1878) ; Ramsay, Proc. Lmn. JSOO. W. S. W.
i. p. 390 (1876), iii. p. 260 (1878), iv. p. 97 (1879); D'Albertis 8f
Salvad, Ann. Mus. Genov. xiv. p. 52 (1879); Sharpe, Journ. Linn.
Soc, Zool. xiv. p. 686 (1879); Salvad. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 482
(1880) ; Sharps, op. cit. xvi. p. 429 (1884: Taburi &c.); Meyer,
Zeitschr. i. p. 276 (1884: Arulsl.); Finsch, Vb'g. der S'udsee, pp. 25,
32 (1884: Laloki River); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 627 (Waigiou,
Salawati); Nehrh. J.f. 0. 1885, p. 32 (Waigiou); Tristr.
Ibis, 1889, p. 557 (Ferguson Isl.); Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papuasia, i.
p. 59 (1889).
Syma lessonia, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 335 (1837).
Dacelo syma,, 8. Mull. Verh. Land-en Volkenk.^.%% 176 (1839-44).
Halcyon torotoro, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); Set. Proc. Linn.
Soc. ii. p. 156 (1858); Gray, Cat. Mamm. § B. New Guinea, p. 20
(1859); Rosenb. Reis naar Zuidoostereil. p. 380 (1867).
Todirliamplius torotoro, Cass. Cat. Hale. Phil. Mus. p. 12 (1852, pt.);
id. U.S. Expl Exped. p. 222 (1858).
Dacelo torotoro,
Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 23 (1863); id. Vog.
JSfederl Ind. pp. 19, 52, pi. vi. figs. 3, 4 (1864); Finsch, Neu-
Guinea, p. 160 (1865); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. Revue, p. 15
(1874); Rosenb. Reist. naar Geelvinkb. p. 83 (1875).
Adult male. General colour above dull green, inclining to blackish
on the mantle and lesser wing-coverts ; remainder of wing-coverts
brighter green than the back and inclining to grass-green; quills
blackish, externally bluish green, excepting the first primary, which
is edged with sandy buff; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts
dull greenish blue; tail-feathers dark blue; head and hind neck, as
well as under surface of body, bright cinnamon-rufous, the throat
and abdomen rather paler ; anterior edge of eyelid black; on the
hind neck a twin spot of black forming a half-collar: " bill yellow,
with the culmen black; feet orange; iris blackish" (D'Albertis).
Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 1*55, wing 2-9, tail 2*4, tarsus 0*55.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but having a large patch of
black on the centre 'of the crown, in addition to the interrupted
black collar on the hind nock. Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 1*5,
wing 3*05, tail 2*4, tarsus 0*55.
Hah. New Guinea, Aru Islands, Mysol, Waigiou.
a, b. $ ad. sk.
c. Pad.sk.
Waigiou.
Mysol (von Rosenberg:
Coll).
Sharpe
Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
d. <$ ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll.
e. S ad. sk.
f,g. $ ad. sk.
Dorey (A. R. Wallace).
New Guinea (A. R. Wallace).
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
h. <$ ad, sk. New Guinea (Sharpe Coll). Tweeddale Coll.
2. Syma flavirostris.
Halcyon (Syma ?)flavirostris,Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 200; id. Contr.
Orn. 1850, p. 105.
Halcyon flavirostris, Gould, B. Austr., Suppl. pi. 7 (1851); Gray,
llandA. B. i. p. 94, no. 1141 (1869). ^
Symaflavirostris,Reichenb. JSandb., Alced. p. 44, Taf. 430.figs. 817172(
1851); Gould, Handb. B. Austr. I p. 135 (1865); Sharpe,
198 ALCEDI^ID^.
Monogr, Alced. p. 153, pi. 56 (1869); Masters, Proc. Linn. 8oc.
N. 8. W. i. p. 47 (1876); Ramsay, op. eit. ii. p. 179 (1878).
Halcyon torotoro {nee Less.), Macgill. Voy. Rattlesn. ii'. p. 956
(1852).
Syma torotoro (pt.), Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 482 (1880).
Adult male. Differs from 8. torotoro in wanting the black mark
along the tip of the culmen, in being lighter above; the back and
scapulars greenish brown or olive-brown. Total length 7 inches,
eulnien 1*5, wing 3*05, tail 2*3, tarsus 0*55.
Adult female. Differs from the male as in 8. torotoro. Total
length 6-7 inches, culmen 1*4, wing 3*9, tail 2*2, tarsus 0*5.
Hab. Cape York Peninsula.
a,b. <$ 5 ad. sk. Cape York. J. Macgillivray, Esq.
[P/f " x
c. & ad. ; d~f. Cape York (J. T. Cocherell).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
2 ad. sk.
g. <$ ad.: k, i, h. Cape York. Gould Coll.
$ ad. sk.
lf m-6 2 ad. sk. Cape York (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
S 2 a(3-sk.
n,o. Port Albany (C. Coxen). Tweeddale Coll.
11. CABOT9TEUTES.
Type.
Lacedo, Reiclienb, Handb., Alced. p. 41 (1851) C. pulckeilus.
Careineutes, Cab. <$• Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 163
(1860) , C. pulckeilus.
Range. Prom Siam and the Burmese countries south through the
Malayan Peninsula to Java, Sumatra, and Borneo.
Key to the 8peeies.
a. Sides of face and forehead chestnut ....... . pulckeilus, p. 198.
b. Sides of face and forehead black .......... melanops, p. 200.
1. Careineutes pulehellus.
Dacelo pulekella, Horsf, Trans. Linn. #oc.xiii. p. 175 (1821); Temm.
PL Col. iv. p. 277 (1836) ; Horsf. Zool Research, pi. 23 (1824);
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. 8oc. p. 46 (1849); Moore, P. Z. 8, 1854,
p. 268; Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. JE.L Co. I p. 122 (1854);
§chl. Mus. P.-B. Alced. p. 21 (1863); id. Vog. Nederl Ind. pp. 15,
50, pi. 5.figs. 1, 2 (1864)• Stoliczha, J. A. S. Beng. xxsix. p. 297
(1870) * Schl. Mus. P.-B. Alced. Revue, p. 13 (1874).
Halcyon pnlchella, Gray, Gen. B. L p. 79 (1846); id. List Fissir.
Brit. Mus. p- 52 (1848) • Bp. Consp. i. p. 154 (1850); Cass. Cat.
Halcyon. Philad. Mus. p. 7 (1852); Pelz. Reis. Novara, Vog. p. 44
(1865)* Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 94, no. 1137 (1869).
Lacedo pulekella, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 42, Taf. 420. figs. 316869
(1851).
Careineutes pulchellus, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 163 (1860);
8harpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 251, pi. 96 (1868); Hume, 8tr. F. ii.
p. 470 (1874: Tenasserim); Tzveedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 295 (Lampong);
Wardlaw Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p, 456 (Burma); Hume § Davison,
11 . CAECINEUTES.
86t\ F. vi. pp. 79,499 (1878: Tenasserim); Hume, Sir. F. viii. pp. 49
(Malacca), 86 (1879); Bingham, t. c. p. 193 (Thoungyeen Valley);
Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 48 (1880); Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 381 (Perak);
Miill J.f. 0.1882, p. 399 (Salanga); Oates, Handb. B. Brit Burm.
ii. p. 86 (1883); Nichols. Ibis, 1883, p. 243.
Carcineutes arnabilis, Hume, 8tr. F. i. p. 474 (1873: Pegu Hills);
Sharpe, op. cit. p. 484; Hume, t. c. p. 485 j Hume, Str, F. iii. p. 51
(1875); Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 50 (1880).
Adult male. Above regularly banded with black and blue, and
also with white, the latter concealed to a great extent, the blue bars
terminal; wing-coverts like the back and similarly banded; the
greater coverts Mack, externally spotted with white; bastard-wing,
primary-coverts, and quilfi black, externally spotted with white, the
spots larger on the secondaries, the inner ones barred across with
white; tail-feathers banded with black and blue, with concealed white
bars on the inner web, corresponding to the external blue bars on the
outer web; forehead chestnut, forming a broad frontal band; remainder
of crown deep cobalt-blue, with a subterminal black bar, the bases
silvery white, producing a slightly mottled appearance; sides of
face, ear-coverts, and cheeks deep chestnut, extending backwards to
the sides of the neck and forming a broad collar round the hind
neck; throat white; fore neck, breast, and sides of the body deep
ochreous buff; abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; under wing-
coverts pale ochreous buff; quills dusky below, ochreous along the
inner web: " bill vermilion-red, the base of the lower mandible
brownish red; gape generally yellowish white ; legs and feet dull
pale green; claws black; iris purplish grey" (W. Davison). Total
length 8 inches, culmen ] *5, wing 3*3, tail 2*7, tarsus 0-5.
Adult female. General colour above ochreous buff, banded with
black; the head blacker, more narrowly barred with ochreous than
the back, wings, and tail, which are like the back; quills black,
externally notched with ochraceous buff; sides of the face, cheeks,
and ear-coverts black, barred with ochraceous buff; throat and
under surface of body white, with a few scattered black spots on the
chest, larger and inclining to bars on the sides of the body; under
wing-coverts and axillaries white. Total length 8 inches, culmen 1*5,
wing 3*45, tail 3*1, tarsus 0 5.
Hal. Prom the hills of Siam and the Burmese Provinces south
through Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Java.
a, b. <$ ad. sk. Karen Hills, Oct. (JR. G. W. R). Tweeddale Coll.
e, d. (S $ ad. Eastern Pegu PI ills, April (E. Hume Coll.
sk. W. Oates). (Types of C. amabilis.)
e.f.
<5 ad, \ q, Thoimgyeen Valley;Tenasserim; Hume Coll.
'k § ad. .4. Jan., Feb., March (C. T. Bingham)
.
i, k J ad. sk. Near Mooleyit, Jan. (W. Lim- Tweeddale Coll.
borg).
I d ad. sk. Meetan, Feb. 28 (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
m, n. <2 ad. et Amherst, Dec, Jan., June, July Hume Coll.
juv.; o,p,q. J (TV. Daviso?i).
ad. et juv. sk.
r, s. <$ $ ad. sk. Tavoy, April {J. Darling). Hume Coll.
200
t. <$ ad. sk.
u. $ ad. sk.
v-y. $ ad. et
juv.; z. J ad.
sk.
a'. 2 ad. sk.
V, c'. $ ad. sk
d!. d ad. sk.
e'. c? ad sk.
/'. <J ad. sk.
#'-r'. c? ad. et
ad.etjuY.sk,
a", £". <? ? ad,
sk,
c". <? ad.; «*"/.
$ ad. et
juv. sk.
h'f, i". 3 ad.;
k"-m". $ ad.
et imm. sk.
n*', o". Imm. sk.
y, <5 ad. sk.
#". cf ad.; r".
5 Imm. sk.
sV'.tfad.;^",
*/'. 2 ad. sk.
w". (S ad. sk.
x"~z". <$ ad.; a3,
$ad. sk.
bz-d\ d ad. et
imm. sk.
e3. c? ad. sk.
Z3^3
. d$ad.
sk.
A3. <$ juv. sk.
t3. $ ad. sk.
ALCEBINU)^.
Mergui Islands, Dec. (W. Davison).
Palaw-ton-ton, Dec. (W. Davison).
Bankasoon, Feb., April, June
{W. Davismi).
Malewoon, Dec. (W. Davison).
Siam.
Kossoom, May (J. Darling).
Perak Mountains.
Klang, Feb. (W. Davison).
Malacca, July, Aug. (W. Da
vison.)
Malacca (A. B. Wallace).
Malacca (It. G. W. JR.).
Malacca, April {Dr. Cantor).
Malacca.
Kuroo, NOT. (W. Davison).
Johore, March (W. Davison).
Singapore.
Sumatra.
Sumatra, Oct. (Carl Bock).
Lampong, S.E. Sumatra (D. C.
Buxton).
Java.
Java {Sharpe Coll.).
Java.
E. Java.
Hume Coll.
Home Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.
L. "VVray, Esq. [P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Gould CoH.
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.
Purchased.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Ooll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Purchased.
Wallace CoH.
2. Carcineutes melanops.
Halcyon melanops, Bp. Comp. i. p. 154 (1850, ex Temm. MS. in
Mtis. Luffd.); Cass. Cat Halcyon. Bhilad. Mus. p. 7 (1852); Gray,
BLand-l. B. i. p. 94,no. 1138 (1869).
Lacedo melanops, Beiehmb. Handb., Alced. p. 42 (1851); Salvad. Ucc.
Bo?m. p. 104 (1874); Vorderm. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederh Ind. xlvi.
p. 11 (1886).
Carcineutes melanops, Cab. $ Seine, Mus. llein. Th. ii. p. 163, note
(1860); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 253, pi. 97 (1868); id. Ibis, 1879,
p. 249 (Lumbidan, Brunei, Lawas Eiver); Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 49
(1880); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 793 (Sandakan); Nichols. Ibis,
1883, p. 87 (Segilind Eiver); Sharps, Ibis, 1890, pp. 21, 283, 288.
Dacelo melanops, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 21 (1863) ; id. Yog.
Nederl Ind. pp. 16, 51, pi. 5. figs. 3, 4 (1864) ; id. Bevue, p. 13
(1874).
12. MELIDORA.
20 1
Adult male. Similar to C. puhhellus, but distinguished by having
the forehead, sides of face, and collar round the hind neck black
instead of rufous: "bill coral-red; feet dull yellow; iris stonegrey'
7 (/. Whitehead). Total length 8 inches, culmen 1*55,
wing 3-25, tail 2*55, tarsus 0*55.
Adult female. Similar to the female of C. pidchellus. Total
length 7*4 inches, culmen. 1*55, wing 3*5, tail 2*7, tarsus 0*5.
As with C. pulchellus, it seems that the black collar round the
hind neck sometimes becomes obliterated, and the blue is continuous
from the crown to the mantle. In many birds the black on the
forehead and sides of face is mixed with rufous.
Bab. Borneo.
a. c? ad. sk. Borneo.
Gould Coll.
b. $ ad. sk. Labuan.
Sir Hugh Low [P.].
c. 3
ad. sk. Labuan (De Crespigny: Sharpe Tweeddale Coll.
Coll).
d. 3 ^d. sk. Brunei River, N.W. Borneo. GovernorUssher[C.l.
e. 3 ad.; /, g. Lumbidan.
GovernofUssher[C.].
§ ad. sk.
h, i. <$ $ ad, sk. Lawas River. H. Veitch, Esq. [P.].
12. MELIDORA,
Type.
Melidora, Less. TraiU, p. 249 (1831) M. macrorhina.
Range. Confined to New Guinea.
1, Melidora macrorhina.
Dacelo macrorhinus, Less. Voy. Coquille, Zoologie, Atlas, pi. 31 bis.
fig. 2 (1826); id. Feruss. Bull. Sci. Nat. xii. p. 131 (1827); id.
Voy. Coquille, Zool. i. p. 692 (1828); id. Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 94
(1828) ; Gray, Cat. B. New Guinea, p. 19 (1859); id. P. Z. S.
1859, p. 154.
Melidora eufrosise, Less. TraiU d10rn. p. 259 (1831); id. Compl.
CEuvres de Buffon, Oiseaux, p. 653 (1838); Bp. Consp. i. p. 150
(1850); Finseh, Neu~Guinea, p. 160 (1865).
Dacelo maerorhynchus, Less. Traite $Orn. p. 249 (1831); Gray, Gen.
B. i. p. 78 (1846); id. P. Z. S.1858, p. 189 ; id. Cat. Mamm. # B.
New Guinea, p. 54 (1859); id. P. Z. S.1861, p. 433.
Melidora raacrorhyncha, Gray, List Gen. B. i. p. 10 (1840); id. List
Gen. B. p. 14 (1841); id. Kand-l B. i. p. 89, no. 1067 (1869);
Bamsay, Proc. Linn. Soe. N. 8. Wales, iii. p. 262 (1878), iv. p. 97
(1879).
Melidora macrorhina, Reichenb. JEandb., Aleed. p. 41, sp. 99, Taf. 428.
figs. 3166-7 (1851); Sclater, Journ. Linn. 8oc. ii. p. 156 (1858);
8harpe, Mon. Aleed. p. 303, pi. 120 (1869); Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genov. vii. p. 708 (1875); Salvad. t c. p. 766, viii p. 398 (1876);
Cab. $ Betoken. J.f.O.n. 1876, p. 323; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genov. x. pp. 128,303 (1877), xii. p. 319 (1878); id. Orn. Papuasia
etc. i. p. 500 (1881); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. 8oc. xvi. p. 429 (1882);
Nehrh. J.f.O. 1885, p. 32 (Waigiou) ; Guillem. P.Z.8. 1885,
p. 628• Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papuasia, i, p. 60 (1889); Meyer} Ibis,
1890, p. 415.
202 ALCEDTOTDJE.
Melidora eirphrosina^ Reichenb. L e.; Rosenh. Nat. Tifdschr. Kederl.
hid. xxv. p. 230 (1863); id. J.f.O. 1861, p. 117.
Melidora euphrasies, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 9 (1854).
Dacelo macrorhina, Schl Mm. P.-B. Alced. p. 22 (1863); id. Tog.
Nederl Bid. Alced. pp. 17,51, pi. 4. %. 1 (1864); id. Hits. P.-B.
Alced. Revue, p. 13 (1874).
Melidora goldiei, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soe. K 8. Wales, i. p. 389
(1876).
Melidora collaris, Sharpe, Joam, Linn. 8oc. xiii. p. 313 (1877).
Adult male. General colour above blackish, mottled with greenish-
ochre bands at the end of the feathers of the back, scapulars, and
wing-coverts, all of which have a yellowish centre to the terminal
band ; feathers of the rump and upper tail-coverts also tipped with
a band of ochre, on which a greenish shade predominates ; bastard-
wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, the secondaries externally
olive, the innermost ones tipped with an oehreous band; tail-
feathers dusky brown, edged with olive-greenish and tipped with
oehreous buff, which extends along* the edge of the outer web;
crown of head black, the feathers edged with blue, with a brighter
blue streak in the centre of the blue band; round the hind neck a
band of black, succeeded by a second band of white above the
mantle; lores black, surmounted by a streak of white, which
extends as a narrow eyebrow above the ear-coverts ; this white
eyebrow tinged with blue ; ear-coverts black, joined to the black
band round the hind neck ; across the lower line of the ear-coverts
a band of white washed with ochre, and continued below the eye to
some infra-loral bristly white feathers; cheeks entirely black,
forming a broad band; throat and entire under surface of body
white, the sides blackish ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white,
the primary-coverts white with some dusky bands; quills dusky
below, light oehreous along the inner web: " bill black, lower
mandible whitish; feet ashy grey; iris blackJ* (JfAJbertis).
Total length 9-5 inches, culmen 1*85, wing 4*9, tail 3*5,
tarsus 0*7.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but differing in the colour of
the head, which is blackish, all the feathers minutely tipped with
green, and the hind head surrounded by a broad band of bright blue
feathers, which extends from above the eye round the nape; the
throat and under wing-coverts are ochre-rufous ; " feet greenish;
iris chestnut" (D'Albertis). Total length 10 inches, culmen 1*8,
wing 4*6, tail 3*4, tarsus 0*7.
Young female. Similar to the adult, but having the tips to all the
feathers of the upper surface rufous-ochre, and the collar round the
hind neck as well as the under surface of the body also rufous-ochre,
with dusky fringes to all the feathers; a broad moustachial band
and the centre of the abdomen white.
Hab. New Guinea and Salawati, Waigiou and Mysol.
a. Ad. sk. Few Guinea. Tweeddale Coll.
b. ? ad.; c. 2juv. sk.
Dorey. "Wallace Coll.
13 . CLYTOCEYX.
203
d-f. Ad. et Mainland of S.E. New Guinea, Dr. James [0.].
'imm, sk. Feb. (Types of M. collaris.)
g. Ad. sk. Low Aleya, S.E. New Guinea, Tweeddale Coll.
h~m. Ad. et Interior of S.E. New Guinea. A. Goldie [0.].
imm. sk.
2. Melidora jobiensis.
Melidora jobiensis, Salvad. Orn. Pap. i. p. 502 (1880).
Similar to M. macrorJiina, but having the bead Hack, without
any olive-ochreous margins.
Hab. Island of Jobi.
13.
CLYT0CEYX.
Type.
Clytoceyx, Sharpe, Ann, fy Mag. Nat. Hist (5) vi. p. 231
(1880) C. rex.
Range. Confined to South-eastern New Guinea.
1. Clytoceyx rex.
Clytoceyx rex, Sharpe, Ann. $ Mag. Nat Hist (5) vi. p. 231 (1880) ;
Meyer, J.f.O. 18b0, p. 313, note; Gould, B. N. Guin. iv. pi. 9
(1881); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 429 (1882); Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xviii. p. 421 (1882); id. Orn. Papuasia e
delle Molucche, iii. App. p. 526 (1882) ; Finsch fy Meyer, Zeitsc/ir.
ges. Orn. iii. p. 14 (1886); Salvad. Agg. Om, Papuasia e delle
Molucche, i. p. 60 (1889).
Adult male* Head brown; feathers surrounding the eye and sides
of the face brown; ear-ebverts black, extending backwards on to the
sides of the neck and forming a broad band : a stripe above the eye,
the lower cheeks, and a broad band on the neck ochraceous buff;
interscapular region black ; scapulars and wing-coverts brown, the
latter margined with ochraceous, the outermost of the least series
washed with greenish blue ; primary-coverts and quills dark brown,
externally washed with dull green; lower back and rump silvery
cobalt; upper tail-coverts and tail dark brown washed with green ;
throat white; rest of the body underneath with the under wing-
coverts ochraceous buff; quills dusky below, with the inner web
margined with pale ochraceous. Total length 12 inches, culmen
1*95, wing 6-35, tail 4*7, tarsus 0-9.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but having a rufous instead of
a blue tail; wing-coverts also washed with blue. Total length
12 inches, culmen 1*9, wing 6m7, tail 4*8, tarsus 0'9.
Young male. Duller in colour than the adults, the head lighter
brown, and the ochreous collar round the hind neck much paler than
in the adult; under surface of body ochreous buff, the feathers of
the fore neck, chest, and sides of body fringed with dusky blackish
edges; wings externally washed with greenish; tail-feathers also
dull greenish blue.
Young female. Has the rufous tail of the old female, but has the
204 ALCEDINID-E.
buff collar round the hind neck barred with dusky blackish fringes
to the feathers.
Hah. Mountains of South-eastern "New Guinea.
a, b. $ ad., $
imm. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
East Cape.
Astrolabe Mts. (A. Goldie).
K. Hunstein [C.].
(Types of species.)
Tweeddale Coll.
d, e. J ad. sk.
/ , g. d ad. etjnv. sk.
Astrolabe Mts.
Sogere district, Astrolabe Mts.,
Oct.
H. JEL Romillj; E»q_.
PP.].
H. 0. Forbes, Esq.
[0.].
1 4 DACELO.
Type.
Dacelo, Leach, Zool. Misc. ii. p. 125 (1815) D. gigas.
Paralcyon, Gloger, in Froriep's Notizen, p. 278 (1827).... D. gigas.
Choucalcyon, Less. Traiti d'Oni. p. 248 (1831) ........ D. gigas.
Nycticeyx, Gloger, Hcmdb. Naturg. p. 338 (1842) ...... D. gigas.
Range. Australia and Southern Few Guinea.
Key to the Species.
;. Sexes alike in colour as regards the tail; crown
rufous-brown in the centre, white on the sides
of the crown ; a band of brown on the nape . gigas, p. 204.
. Sexes different—the male having- a blue tail, j_pp. 200-209.
the female a red one; head distinctly striped, leachi and allies,
1. Dacelo gigas.
Grand Martin-pecheur de la Xouvelle Guinee, Bonn. Toy. Nouv.
Gum. i. p. 171, Taf. 106 (3700).
Martin-Pecheur de la Nouvelle Guine>? Daubent, PL EnL viii.
pi. 663.
Le plus grand Martin-pecheur, Buff, BList Nat Ok. vii, p. 181
(1780).
Great Brown Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Byn. L pt. 2, p. 609 (1782);
White, Voy. N. B. Wales, p. 137, pi. 2 (1790).
Alcedo gigas, Bodd. Tail PL EnL p. 40 (1783).
Alcedo undulata, Beop. Bel. Flor. et Faun. Insuhr. ii. p. 90 (1786),
Alcedo fusca {nee Bodd.), Gm. Byst. Nat. i. p. 454 (1788).
Alcedo gigantea, Lath. Bid. Orn. i. p. 245 (1790); Blum, Gen. ZooL
viii. p. 53 (1811); Bonn, et Vieill. Enc. Meth. i. p. 282 (1823).
Dacelo gigantea, Leach, ZooL Misc. ii. p. 125, pi. cvi. (1815) ,* Vig.
# BLorsf. Tr. Linn. Boc. xv. p. 204 (1827); Gould, B. Amir. ii.
pi. 18 (1844); Reichenb. Tog. Neuholl. p. 36 (1850) j Bp. Gtmsp.
I p. 153 (1850); Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. 23 (1870).
Choucalcyon australe, Less. Trade, p. 248 (1831).
Dacelo gigas, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 78 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit.
Mus. p. 51 (1848); Reichenb. Kandb., Alced. p. 40, Taf. 427.
figs. 3161-63 (1851) ,* Cass. Cat. Hale. Philad. Mus. p. 14 (1852);
Gray, P. Z. B. 1858, p. 189; id. Cat Mamm. % B. New Guin.
pp. 19, 44 (1859); Bchl. Mus. Pays-Ba$, Alced. p. 19 (1803);
Gould, Kandb. B. Austr. i. p. 122 (1865); Gray, B[and4. B. i.
14 . DACELO. 205
p. 89, no. 1060 (1869); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 285, pi. 112
(1870); Schl. Mus: Pays-Bas, Alced. Bevue, p. 11 (1874); Bamsm/,
Proc. linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 179 (1879); North, op. at. (2) iii.
p. 1774 (1888); Mammy, Tab. List Austr. B. p. 3 (1888); Cox $
Hamilton, op. cit. (2) iv. p. 401 (1889) j North, Cat. Nests § Eggs
Austr. B. p. 36, pi. (1889).
Paralcyon gigas, Cab. $* Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii, p. 165 (1860).
Adult male. General colour above brown, the tipper back -white,
crossed with bars of dusky brown; lower back and rump greenish
blue, with dusky bases to the feathers; upper tail-coverts rufous,
barred with black; tail-feathers rufous, barred across irregularly
with black, all but the centre feathers white at the ends, this white
increasing in extent towards the outer feathers, which are white for
about the terminal third, with black bars ; scapulars brown like the
mantle, with a good deal of white at the bases ; lesser wing-coverts
also brown; median series brown, largely tipped with greenish or
silvery white; greater series nearly uniform brown ; bastard-wing,
primary-coverts, and quills blackish, with a wash of dark green
externally, the primaries white at the base, forming a large patch;
crown of head brown, varied and freckled with rufous on the
forehead, the long crest-feathers edged with white margins; a
very broad whitish eyebrow, reaching from above the eye to
the nape, and encircling the latter; sides of neck and hind neck
white, forming a broad collar, which is separated from the nuchal
band by a band of dark brown, which is continuous with the dark
brown ear-coverts; lores blackish; cheeks and under surface of body
dingy white, slightly freckled with dusky margins to the feathers, a
little more distinct on the flanks and on the under wing- and tail-
coverts. Total length 17 inches, culmen 2*5, wing 8*55, tail 6-3,
tarsus 1.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but with more rufous on the
crown and ear-coverts; the lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts being rufous barred with black. Total length 17 inches,
culmen 2-9, wing 8*7, tail Q-2, tarsus 0*95.
Young. Similar to the adult female, but freckled with brown on
the white parts of the crown, neck, and under surface. The young
males have at first no blue on the back and rump.
The differences between northern and southern birds suggested in
my i Monograph' do not hold good with a larger series of skins
at my disposal. The brighter blue on the wing-coverts as well as
on the lower back and rump appears to be a sign of age only, as it
is more conspicuous in the older birds.
Hah. Australia,
a, b, c. Ad. sk. Australia.
d, e. Ad. sk. Melbourne.
/, g. Ad. sk. New South Wales.
h, i. Imm. sk. S.E. coast of Australia. Gould Coll.
fa Ad. sk. Queensland (J. Thorpe). Tweeddale Coll.
I. Imm. sk. Port Curtis, Queensland, April. Voy.of H.M.S/Alert.'
m, n. Ad. sk. Brisbane. Salvin-Godman Coll.
o. Ad. sk. N.E. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.].
206 ALCEDINID-E.
2. Dacelo leachii
Dacelo leackii, Vig. # Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 205 (1857, ex
Lath. MS8.); Gray, Gfcw. J?, i. p. 78 (1846); id. List Fissir.
Brit Mus. p. 51 (1844); Gould, B. Austr. ii. ^l 19 (c. 1848);
Bp. Consp. i. p. 154 (1850); Reichenb. Tog. Keuholl.-p.210 (1850);
id. Handb., Alced. p. 41, Taf. 426. figs. 3159-60 (1851); Macr/ill
Toy. 'Rattlesnake? ii. p. 356 (1852); Gray, F. Z. 8.1858, p. 180;
Scfil Mus. Fay^Bas, Alced. p. 20 (1863); Gould. Handb. B.
Austr. L p. 124 (1865): Ramsay, Ibis, 1865, p. 84: Gray, Hand-l.
B. i. p. 89, no. 1061 (1869); 8harpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 239, pi. 113
(1870); Biggie*, Orn. Austr. pi. 24 (1870); Schl Mus. Fays-Bas,
Alced. Revue, p. 11 (1874); Casteln. Froc. Linn. Sec. JV". & W. i.
p. 379 (1877: Norman River); Ramsay, op. cit. ii. p. 179 (1878), vii.
p. 45 (1883); Sharpe, Toy. H.M.8. f Alert?-p. 23 (1884); Ramsay,
Tab. List Austr. B. p. 3 (1888): Kortk, Cat. Nests & Mas Austr.
B. p. 36 (1889).
Adult male. General colour above brown, the feathers lighter
brown on their margins, the scapulars and lesser wing-coverts
brown like the mantle: median wing-coverts dusky brown, edged
with greenish blue, the inner ones almost entirely silvery blue,
forming a large patch; greater series dark brown, with a slight
greenish edging; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills externally
deep blue, blackish at the ends and on the inner web, the
primaries with a large patch of white at the base : lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts silvery blue; upper tail-coverts and
tail-feathers deep blue, with black shaft-stripes and white tips,
increasing in extent towards the outer ones, which have one or two
white notches near the ends, the outermost feather being regularly
barred with white up the inner web, and freckled with white on
the outer one; crown of head white, streaked with brown centres
to the feathers; the eyebrow similarly streaked to the crown, and
also the sides of the face and ear-coverts: a broad white collar
round the hind neck, cheeks, and under surface of the body dingy
white, all thickly freckled with wavy cross lines of brown; under
wing-coverts and axillaries white, with less numerous cross lines of
blackish brown: " upper mandible brownish black ; lower mandible
pale buff ; feet olive; iris dark brown " (J. Gould). Total length
17 inches, culmen 2*9, wing 8, tail 5, tarsus 0-95,
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour, excepting as regards
the tail, which is cinnamon-rufous, barred with dark blue, and
white at the ends.
Young males resemble the adult female, and have a red tail, but
by the gradual absorption of the blue bars, which amalgamate without
a moult, the tail becomes entirely blue.
Hah. Eastern Australia and Northern Australia from Cape York
to Port Darwin and Port Essington.
a' [ <$ ] a<^«s^-^as* Coast of Australia. Linnean Society [PA
(Type of species.")
b, c. (S imm.sk. Queensland (J. T. CocherelT). Salvin-Godman Coll,
d, e. c? $ a<l. sk. Queensland (Sharpe Coll.) Tweeddale Coll.
14 . DACELO. 207
/ .
g.
h.
i.
h.
Ad. sk.
$ ad. sk.
j ad. sk.
<$ imni. sk.
§ ad. sk.
Rockhanipton, Queensland.
Moreton Bay.
Rockingham Bay, May 27 (J.
Macgillivray).
Gould Island, May.
Possession Mand, Endeavour
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
Capt. Owen Stanley
[P. ].
J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.].
Voy. H.M.S.• Alert.'
Strait, July {Dr. Coppinger).
Subsp. a. Dacelo cervina.
Dacelo cervina, Gould, B. Austr. ii. pi. 20 (1844) ; Gray, Gen. B. i.
p. 78 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 51 (1848); Bp. Cvnsp.
i. p. 154 (1850); Reichenb. Vdg. Neuholl p. 38 (1850) j id. Handb.,
Alced. p. 40, Taf. 828. figs. 8164-05 (1851) ; Cass. Cat Hah.
Philad. Mus. p. 16 (1852); Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 189; Schl
Mies. Pays-Bas, Aleed. p. 19 (1863) ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. i.
p. 125 (1865) ; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 89, no. 1062 (1869); Sharpe,
Monogr. Alced. p. 291, pi. 114 (1870); Masters, Proc. Linn. Soc.
K. 8. W. i. p. 47 (1887: Gulf of Carpentaria) ; id. op. cit. ii.
p. 270 (1878: Port Darwin); Ramsay, t c. p. 179 (1878); id. op.
cit (2) i. p. 108G (1886), ii. p. 166 (1887: Derby); id. Tab. List
Austr. B. p. 3 (1888); North, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. (2) iv.
p. 1024(1889: Raeburn).
Dacelo cervicalis, Kaup, Fam. Eisv. p. 8 (1848).
Dacelo salusii, Jacg. et Pucker. Voy. Pole 8ud, Zool. iii. p, 100, pi. 23
(1853).
Paralcyon cervina, Cab. <§• Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 164 (1860).
Dacelo occidentalis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 602; Sharpe, Monogr.
Alced. p. 293, pi. 115 (1870) j Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W,
iii. p. 179 (1878)$ Sharpe, Voy. Jff.M.8. 'Alert; p. 23 (1884).
Adult male. Similar to D. leacliii, but a little smaller, and with
a similar blue tail, but slightly fulvescent below: " upper mandible
blackish brown, the cutting-edges greenish white; lower mandible
greeDish white,, the base dark brown on the sides, and blue on the
under surface; tarsi and feet emerald-green; claws black; iris
greenish white " (J. Gould). Total length 15 inches, oilmen 2*95,
wing 7*5, tail 4*75, tarsus 1.
Adult female. Differs from the male in having a cinnamoncoloured
tail, barred with blue. Total length 15 inches, culmen 2-6,
wing 7*3, tail 5'1, tarsus 1.
Nestling. General colour above dark brown, with scarcely perceptible
lighter brown edges to the feathers of the mantle and
scapulars * least wing-coverts brown like the back; median and
greater series brown, tipped with pale verditer-blue or light greenish
cobalt; bastard-wing brown, washed with blue; primary-coverts
blackish, externally greenish blue ; quills blackish, externally deep
blue, greener on the primaries, which are white near the bases of
both webs; the secondaries edged with white at the tips, the inner
ones brown like the back ; lower back and rump pale silvery cobalt;
upper tail-coverts bright rufous, barred with black; tail-feathers
bright rufous, paler at the ends, barred with dark blue, these blue
bands margined above and below with black, the bands broader
near the base and narrower towards the ends; the blue bands at
208
ALCEDINTD.3I.
the base of the middle feathers already coalescing into one uniform
blue base; head nearly uniform dark brown, the feathers broadly
centred with blackish, the edges somewhat mottled with reddish-
brown markings; the nape lighter, the crest-feathers being whiter,
with narrow dark brown centres; hind neck clear fulvous, with
more or less distinct zigzag cross lines of brown : lores tawny buff,
as also the feathers below the eye, the latter with blackish shaft-
streaks ; ear-coverts dusky brown; cheeks clear fulvous, with
central streaks of light brown breaking up into irrguiar cross lines
on some of the feathers ; throat and fore neck white, with irregular
zigzag cross lines of light brown ; remainder of under surface of body
clear fulvous, crossed with zigzag lines of brown; under tail-coverts
uniform and deeper buff; axillaries like the breast, and barred
across in the same manner; under wing-coverts whiter and crossed
distinctly with blackish bars, broader and forming a distinct patch
on the median lower coverts near the edge of the wing.
D. occidentalis of
Gould seems to me to be inseparable from
D. cervina^ the under surface being, perhaps, rather paler and the
cross bars more obsolete.
On all these races of Kingfisher, cf. Sharpe, Report Yoy, H.M.S.
< Alert/ p. 24
Hah. Northern Australia from Cape York to N.W. Australia.
a. 2 a<l* s^« North Australia. Linnean Society.
b, c. S ad. sk. Cape York. Gould Coll
d,e. £ ad.;/ $ Cape York (J. T. Cockerel!). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk.
g} h. 2 &d. sk. Cape York (J. T. Cocker ell-. Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.).
i. Juv. sk. Port Essington.
Earl of Derby [P.].
h. £ ad. sk. Port Essington.
Dr. Sibbald [P.1.
I, m. $ ad, et Port Essington.
Capt. Chambers [P.].
hum. sk.
n. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. Chambers [P.l
o. $ imm. sk. Port Essington. J.B.Jukes,Esq.[P.t
p, q. S ad.; r. N.W. Australia, April (F, T. Gould Coll.
5 ad. sk. Gregory).
s-v. S ad. et Victoria River, Nov., Feb.,
J.R.Elsey,Esq.[P.].
imm. March.
w. $ ad. sk. Gilbert River, Oct. J.R.Elsey,Esq.[P.].
#? y-
d $ ad sk, Derby, N.W. Australia (G. R. Capt. Bowyer Bower
Boioyer Bower).
p?.].
Subsp. /3. Dacelo intermedia.
Dacelo leachii (nee Lath.), Df Albert P. Z. S. 1875, p. 531; Ramsay,
Proc. Linn. Soc. K S. W. i. p. 389 (1877: Port Moresby): id. op.
cit. iv. p. 97 (1879: S.E.New Guinea).
Dacelo intermedins, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov* ix. p. 21 (1877; Fly
River), x. p. 307 (1877) ,* Sharpe^ Journ. Linn. Soc, ZOOL xiii.
pp. 312, 403 (1878), xiv. p. 686 (1879),-Salvad. Orn. Papuasia
etc. i. p. 497 (1880).
Dacelo leachii, var., JRamsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 201
(18791 Port Moresby) j Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 322.
15 . SA.UE02IAKPTIS,
209
Adult male. General colour above very deep brown, darker than
in D. leacliii and D. cervina; the blue of the wings and tail much
brighter; the head very broadly streaked with dark brown, the
feathers being of this colour narrowly streaked with white; collar
round the hind neck and under surface of body white, with only a
little dusky freckling on the lower flanks. Total length 17*5 inches,
culmen 3*1, wing 8, tail 5, tarsus 0*95.
Adult female. Differs from the male in having the tail rufous,
barred with blue. Total length 17 inches, culmen 3-1, wing 8,
tail 5, tarsus 1,
Hah. S.E. New Guinea.
H, b. Ad. etimm. Mainland of S.E. New Guinea, Jan. Gould Coll.
sk. (Dr. James).
c. cS ad. sk. Mainland of S.E. New Guinea, Dec. Tweeddale Coll.
(Dr. James).
d. Irani, sk. Port Moresby, Nov. {Dr. James). Tweeddale Coll.
«;/• d $ ad.sk.
Port Moresby. K. Broadbent
[C.].
g. Ad. sk. Port Moresby.
Gould Coll.
15.
SAUKOMAKPTIS. _
Type.
Sauromaiptis, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 163
(18G0) S. gaudicliaudi.
Range. New Guinea and Salawati; islands of Eatanta, Waigiou,
Guebeh, Miosnom, Jobi; Mysol, and the Aru group.
Key to the Species.
a. Scapulars black; lead Hack
{CSSfif i ^
b. Scapulars black, edged with black; head black, ' ^ ' ™*
mottled with ochre tyro, p. 212.
1. Sauromarptis gaudichaudi.
Dacelo gaudichaudi,
Quoy et Gaim. Toy. TJranie, Zool. p. 112, pi. 25
(1824) ; Cuv. Regne Anim. i. p. 444 (1829).
Choncalcyon gaudichaudi, Less. Traite, p. 248 (1831); id. Compl.
Buff., Ois. p. 654 (1838); Bp. Consp. Valuer. Anis. p. 9 (1854).
Dacelo gaudichaudi, S. Mull. Verli. Land- en Volkenk p. 22 (183944);
Gray, Gen. B. \. p. 78 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus.
p. 52 (1848),* Bp. Consp. i. p. 154 (1850); Cass. Cat. Hale.
Philad. Mus. p. 14 (1852); Scl. Jour. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 155 (1858);
Gray. P. Z.S. 1858, p. 171, 1859, p. 154; id. Cat. Mamm. $ B.
New'Guinea, pp. 29, 54 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 433; Schl.
Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 20 (1863, pt.); id. Vog. Nederl. hid.,
Alced. pp. 13, 49, pi. 4. figs. 2, 3 (1864); Rosenb. Nat Tijdschr.
Nederl. Ind. xxv. p. 230 (1863); id. J. f. O. 1864, p. 118; FinscJi,
Neu-Guinea, p. 160 (1865, pt.); Schl. Nederl Tijdschr. Dierh. Hi.
p. 339 (1866); Rosenb. Reis naar Zuidoostereil. p. 35 (1867);
Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 295, pi. 116 (1869) ; Gray, Hand-l B.
i. p. 89, no. 1063 (1869) j Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. Revue,
VOL. XVII. . P
210 ALCEDIKTDJS.
p. 11 (1874); Posenb. Heist, naar Geelvinkb. |p . 83, 114 (1875) ;
D1 Albert. Ann. Mus. Civic Genov. x. p. 19 (1877); Ramsay, Proc.
Linn. Soc. K 8. W. I p. 389 (1877: Port Moresby) ; Sharpe,
Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiii. pp. 813, 493 (1878); id. op. cit. xiv.
p. 686 (1879); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. M. 8. W. in. p. 251
(1878), iv. p. 97 (1879 : Port Moresby)* Sharpe. Journ. Linn. Soc,
Zool. xvi. p. 429 (1882: Maroco; East Ge$e)}'Tristr. Ibis, 1889,
p. 557.
Halcyon gaudichaudi, 8. Mull. Verh. Land-en Volhenh. p. 471
(1839-44).
Monachalcyon gaudichaudi, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 37, tab. 425.
fig. 3156(1851).
Sauromarptis gaudiekaudi, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 164
(1860); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. vii. p. 765 (1875)• id. &
D'Albert t c. p. 816 (1875; ; Salvad. op. cit. viii. p. 398 (1876),
ix. p. 21 (1876), x. pp. 128, 306 (1877); id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 94;
-D'Albert. § Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. xiv. p. 53 (1879) j id. Orn.
Papuasia etc. i. p. 487 (1880) j Meyer, Zeitschr. yes. Orn. i. p. 276
(1884: Aru Islands); id. op. cit. iii. p. 34 (1886; Kafu) ; Nehrh.
J.f. 0.1885, p. 32 (Waigiou).
Sauromarptis gaudichaudi aruensis, Meyer, Ibis, 1889, p. 557.
Adult male. General colour above black, the mantle, scapulars,
and inner series of lesser wing-coverts being black; the upper back
silvery white, mixed with blue• the lower back, rump, and upper
tail-coverts brilliant silvery cobalt, the lateral upper tail-coverts
darker blue ; median and lower lesser coverts bright blue or black,
tipped with blue, which inclines to silvery cobalt near the scapulars;
greater wing-coverts black, edged with blue* primary-coverts and
quills black, externally deep blue ; tail-feathers deep blue, blackish
internally and with black shafts • crown of head black, forming a
cap, as also the sides of the face and ear-coverts; behind the eye a
small streak of ochreous buff, and a band of the same colour from
the nostrils to the edge of the gape; round the hind neck a broad
collar of ochreous buff, the sides of the neck also ochreous; cheeks and
throat white, with a slight ochreous tinge; rest of under surface of
body deep rich chestnut; under wing-coverts and axillaries ochreous
buff; quills dusky blackish below, ochreous along the inner web :
" bill blackish above, whitish below ; feet dusky leaden grey ; iris
chestnut-brown" (D'Albertis). Total length. 12 inches, culmen
2\$5y wing 5*3, tail 3*65, tarsus 0*7.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour, but differs in having
a chestnut-coloured tail, and also the lateral upper tail-coverts chestnut.
Total length 12 inches, culmen 2*3,wing 5*6, tail 3*7, tarsus 0*7.
Young birds are generally recognized by the dusky margins to the
feathers of the hind neck and underparts, and by their blackish
bills. The young male at first resembles the adult female, but the
upper tail-coverts and tail seem to change to blue without any
moult.
A bird in the Gould Collection, evidently aWallacian skin from
the Aru Islands, but from which the label has disappeared, has a great
deal of blue on the eyebrow, as well as a considerable patch of white
on the upper back. One immature male from Waigiou has a little
15 . SATJROMAKPIIS.
"blue over the eye, while an adult one has some of the dorsal feathers
'edged with blue. A Mysol specimen also shows a blue eyebrow.
The variation in the size of the streak behind the eye is very marked ;
sometimes it is small and sometimes well developed. In birds from
S.E. Xew Guinea the white spots on the nape are so well developed
as almost to form a collar continuous with the whito streaks behind
the eye.
The amount of white on the upper back is a very variable character
also. Sometimes it is almost obliterated, even in Aru-Island
specimens, of which Dr. Meyer makes a subspecies on account of the
greater amount of white on the upper back. Birds from B.E. New
Guinea are also very white on the back, and I believe that the white
patch increases with age, as all the young* birds in the Collection show
very little trace of it, whereas old birds have it largely developed.
I greatly doubt the distinctness of S> kubaryi of Meyer, from
X.E. Xew Guinea, which may be only a very old #. gaudkhaudi.
The single specimen examined by me from Constantino Harbour has
certainly more whitish or silvery cobalt than the majority of specimens
from Xew Guinea and the adjacent islands, but it is approached
in colour by certain individuals from S.E. New Guinea and the Arti
Islands.
Hub. Xew Guinea and Salawati; Eatanta; Waigiou; Guebeh,
Miosnom ; Mysol; Aru Group.
at. Ad. bk, b.$ New Guinea (A. JR. Wallace: Tweeddale Coll.
ad. sk. Sharpe Coll).
c. ^ 5mm. sk. Dorey.
Wallace Coll.
d.
Ad. sk. Nekoora, S.E. New Guinea, Tweeddale Coll
Dec.
e. Iimn.sk. Cloudy Bay, S.E. New Guinea. Sir J. Ingrliam [P.].
f,ff. Ad.sk. Port Moresby {A. Goldie). Gould Coll.
h, I d ad. et "Waigiou (A. 11. Wallace). Wallace Coll
imm. sk.
Salvin-Godman Coll
k, 5 ad. sk. Waigiou.
Gould Coll.
I, m. Ad. et Mysol.
imm. sk.
n-q. Ad. sk. Aru Islands {A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
r.
<5 ad.; s. § Aru Islands \A. B. Wallace).
imm, sk.
Voy. of IOLS.
Wokan, Aru Islands.
< Challenger.'
sk.
2. Sauromarptis kubaryi.
Sauromarptis kubaryi, Meyer, Ibis, 1890, p. 414 (Constantino
Harbour).
A'hdt fimale. Similar to D. cjaudidiaucli, but having tho blue oi
a more whitish or silvery cobalt, and haying a largewWo patch on
the upper back ; bill yellowish green : feet greenish grey ; ins light
town (" Kubary). Total length 12-5 inches, culmen 2-4, wing
5-2, tail 3-7, tarsus 0-65.
Hab. S.E. New Guinea.
a. 2 ad. bk. Constants Harbour, May 27. Dr-Kubary [0.]
212
ALCED11SIDJE*
3. Sauromarptis tyro.
Dacelo sp., Wall. Ann. $ Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) xx. p. 456 (1857).
Dacelo tyro, Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 171, 189, pi. 133; id. Cat.
Mamm. <§* B. New Guinea, pp. 19, 54 (1859); Gould, B. Asia, i.
pi. 51 (18(30); Gray, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 433 ; Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr.
Nederl Ind. xxv. p. 231 (1803; ; id. J.f. 0.1864, p 118; Schl.
Kederl. Tijdschr. Dierh. iii. p. 339 (1806); Rosenb. Reis naar
Zuidooster'eil p. 37 (1867); Gray,Hand-IB. i. p. 89, n. 1064 (1869);
Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 297, pi. 117 (1869); Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges.
Wien. p. 426 (1872); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. Revue, p. 13
(1874).
Sauromarptis
tyro, Cab. <§* Hei?ie, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 164, note
(I860) ; Salcad. Ami. Mus. Genov. x. p. 303 (1877); id. P. Z. $.
1878, p. 94; id. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 495 (1880), iii. App.
p. 525 (1882); id. Hep. Toy. l Challenger; ii. Birds,?. 77 (1881);
id. Agg. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 60 (1889).
Dacelo gaudichaudi, pt, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 20 (1863);
id. Yog. Nederl Ind. pp. 13, 49, pi. iv. fig. 4 (1864) ; Finsch, Keu-
Guinea, p. 160 (1865).
Sauromarptis eyanophrys, Salvad. Atti P. Accad. Sei. Torino, xvi.
p. 621 (1881); id. Ami. Mus. Genov. xviii.p.420 (1882); id. Orn.
Papuasia, iii. App. p. 525 (1882); Meyer, Zeitschr. c/es. Orn. i.
p. 277 (1884) ; Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 60 (1889).
Adult Quale. Crown of head, sides of face, ear-coverts, and cheeks
black, mottled with concealed bars and terminal spots of ochraceous
buff; lores deep ochre; the sides of the crown washed with blue;
sides of neck, hind neck, and mautle more distinctly mottled than
the crown, the ochreous spots on the hind neck larger and more
rounded ; the mantle ochreous buff, barred and fringed with black,
the lower feathers with blue; scapulars black, with indistinct blue
margins ; back bright cobalt, mottled with silvery white just below
the mantle; wing-coverts blue, with brighter blue edgings, the
inner ones entirely bright cobalt; the greater coverts and the quills
black, externally dull indigo-blue; lateral upper tail-coverts dark
blue, with margins of brighter blue ; tail-feathers blue, blackish on
the inner margins and along the shafts; under surface of body rich
ochreous buff, the throat paler, but the sides of the body, abdomen,
and under tail-coverts deeper in colour and more tawny; under
wing-coverts and axillaries, as well as the quill-lining, deep ochreous
buff. Total length 13 inches, culmen 2*1, wing 5*7, tail 4-5,
tarsus 0-75.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but a little duller in colour,
the blue portions of the plumage being somewhat greener in tint
than in the male. Total length 13 inches, culmen 2, wing 5*75 tail
4*5, tarsus 0*8.
Young. Not so numerously spotted as the adults, the black predominating
on the head, while the lower mantle-feathers are broadly
edged with black; the under surface is vinous buff, inclining to
tawny on the flanks and under tail-coverts; the feathers of the
throat and breast narrowly fringed with blackish.
S. cyanophrifs of Count Salvador! is doubtless only a very old
16 .
HALOYON. 213
bird of the present species. Both. S. tyro and S. gaudieliaitdi often
show traces of a blue eyebrow.
Hah. Am Islands.
a, b. $ ad.; c. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll.
§ ad. sk. (Types of species.)
d. Ad. sk.; e. Aru Islands (von Rosenberg: Tweeddale Coll.
5 ad. sk. Sharpe Coll),
f, g. Imm. sk. Aru Islands. Gould Coll.
A. cTjuv.sk.
Wokan, Aru Islands. Voy. of H.M.S.
' Challenger.'
i.
Imm. sk. S.E. New Guinea. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
[P.].
16. HALCYON.
Type.
Halcyon, Swains. Zool Illustr. text to pi. 27
(1820) H. senegalensis.
Entomothera, Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 173,
^ note (1820) H. eoroniandus.
Callialcyon, Bp. Consp. i. p. 156 (1850) IT. coromandus.
Chelicutia, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. i. p. 38 (1851) H, chehcutensis.
Aetenoides, Hombr. fy Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud} Zool.
iii, p. 100 (1853) H. hombroni.
Cancrophaga, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Ants. p. 9 (1854). H. badius.
Cyanalcyon, Bp. t. c. p. 9^(1854) H. pyrrhopygius.
Pagurothera, Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii.
p. 152 (I860)
IT. chehcutensis.
m Entomobia, iid. t. c. p. 154 ...» H. cyaniventris.
Sauropatis, iid. t c. p. 158 II. sanctus.
Caridagrus, iid. t. c. p. 161 IT. concretus.
Astacophilus, iid, t. c. p. 162 H. lindsayi.
Range. Erom Palestine and Asia Minor to Persia. Throughout
the whole of Africa and the Australian and Indian Regions to
China, the southern islands of Japan, and Manchuria.
Key to the Species.
a. Bill entirely red.
a'. Crown lilac-red like the rest of the upper
surface; a blue streak in the centre of lower
back and rump coromandus, p. 217.
b\
Crown chestnut-rufous; lower back bright
greenish blue.
a". Scapulars chestnut; under surface of body
white badius, p. 221.
b''. Scapulars greenish blue. \smvmensis t> 222
a'". Throat and centre of breast white .. < „„!„„„+''J *' tH'
V.
Throat only white; entire tanot I *»*"«<*«•, p. 226.
chestnut gularis, p. 227.
c'. Grown black; lower back ultramarine-blue.
c". Abdomen blue cyaniventris, p. 228.
d". Abdomen rich orange-buff pile@tus, p. 229.
214
ALCEDINID2E.
d\ Crown uniform ashy whitish; lower back
bright blue.
e". Abdomen and under wing-coverts chest-, sem{cm*uJem, p. 232.
„. Y?\ V * "i • x 1 erythrogaster, p. 234.
f", Abdomen and under wmg-coyerts orange-l u J -r
huff pallidiventriSf p. 235.
e'. Crown brown, very distinctly striped; bill
shorter.
g". Larger: wing 3*55-4*2 inches; scapulars
black.
cf". Breast and flanks distinctly streaked
with black . albiventris, p. 236.
d'". Breast and flanks not streaked with
brown, or very slightly so orientalis, p. 233.
h". Smaller: wing not exceeding 3 inches;
scapulars brown chelicutensis, p. 239.
/' . Crown of head ashy grey, washed with blue ;
breast ashy; centre of abdomen white...» irrojntus, p. 242.
b. Upper mandible red ; lower mandible black. , Iensi 242#
g'. Scapulars bright greenish cobalt j cyanoleucus, p. 245.
h'. Scapulars black torquatus and allies,
c. Bill black, or blackish with white
or buff base [PP- 24(5-248.
to lower mandible.
i'. Head white.
i". Mantle green like the back.
e"'. Flanks pure white.
a1. A band of green from behind the eye
encircling4he nape albicilhis, p. 249.
¥. No band of green encircling the nape, saurophagus, p. 249.
/"' . Flanks tinged with buff admiralitatis, p. 251.
k". Mantle white, contrasting with the green
back godeffroyt) p. 251.
h\ Crown of head deep ultramarine-blue.
V. Mantle and back white albonotatus, p. 251.
m". Mantle blue.
gv\ No white loral spot; a white collar
round hind neck; under tail-coverts
rufous washed with lilac.
c4. Lower back white, flanked with
beautiful lilac leucopygms $, p. 252.
d%
. Lower back blue like the mantle,
with lilac on each side leucopygius 5 , p. 252.
7i" \ A white loral spot; no rufous collar
round the hind neck.
e4'. Under tail-coverts blue like the abdomen
; no white collar on hind neck.
a5. Blue on underparts confined to
abdomen, and not extending up
the breast lazuli S 9 p. 252.
bn. Blue on underparts occupying both
breast and abdomen lazuli $ , p. 252.
•^4. Under tail-coverts white.
c5. No white collar on hind neck.
aB. A blue band across the breast.. diops 5 , p. 253.
bG
, No blue band on the breast,
which is entirely white macleayi $ , p. 254.
16 .
HALCYON. 215
d5
, A white collar round the hind
neck.
cG. Cheeks and ear-coverts blue .. diops $, p. 253.
dB. Cheeks and ear-coverts black .. maeleayi <$, p. 254.
z'". A rufous loral spot, and a rufous collar
round hind neck winckelli, p. 255.
n". Mantle black.
k'". Abdomen not rufous.
gl. Abdomen blue.
e.
Throat pure white ; centre of breast
white, separated from the throat
by a broad band, whicli is blue
like the abdomen nigrocyaneus c?,
f'°. Throat blue spotted with white; [p. 256.
remainder of under surface blue . stictolmmis $, p. 257.
hK Abdomen white.
g3. Pectoral band narrower, so that
the white on the throat is more
extended nigrocyaneus J,
h5. Pectoral band wider, so that the [p. 256.
white on the throat is more restricted
stictolcemus £, p. 257.
ln\ Abdomen bright rufous; throat white j
a broad blue band on the chest, separated
from the rufous abdomen by a
narrow white band quadricoior, p. 258.
I'. Head green, streaked with white j back and
rump cinnamon pyrrhopygius ad.,
m'. Head uniform cinnamon like the hind neck. [p. 258.
o". Under surface deep cinnamon like the
crown; throat like the breast cmnamominus,
p". Abdomen white. [p. 259.
m'". Throat and chest cinnamon rufigufaris, p. 260.
n"'. Throat white.
iA. Breast and sides of body cinnamon,. mediocris juv., p. 260.
W. Breast and sides of body white, like
the rest of the under surface.
i5. Larger: wing 3*9 inches mediocris ad., p. 200.
k5. Smaller: wing 3*3 inches reiclienhacHi, p. 261.
n'. Head cinnamon, with the centre of the crown
uniform green; hind neck and underpays . flustralasi p< 261>
cinnamon < minor t> 26^
o'. Head blue or greenish, sometimes dusky ' >¥•-'*
with a greenish-white shade.
q". With a very broad and distinct eyebrow
reaching from the base of the nostrils
completely round the nape.
o"r. Forehead like the crown.
li. Ear-coverts always bright blue like
the crown; collar round the nape
blue, or black washed with blue;
eyebrow white or pale cinnamon .. sacer, p . 22u|
m1. Ear-coverts black, or black with a *^
slight greenish tinge ; band round
nape always black, never blue ... . julia, p. 264.
w4. Ear-coverts light green like the
head: eyebrow pale sandy buff.... occipitalis, p. 265.
216
AlCEDIXIB^l.
p'". Forehead -white; sides of crown also
white.
o\ Head white; with a central patch of
green pealii, p. 266.
Head blue, with a white forehead .. txduilm^ p. 266.
r". ]fo' hroad superciliary band extending
round the nape; a loral spot of burl or
white; an occipital patch of white, and
sometimes a slightly indicated line of
white over the eye.
q'". Under surface of body and under wing-
coverts orange-buff, as well as the
collar round the hind neck *.
(f.
Occipitalr patch cinnamon - rufous ;
loral spot very large, deep orange-
hurl, extending over the eye; head
and ear-coverts blue, like the rest
of the upper surface tannensis, p. 260.
r4. Occipital patch orange-burl or white
like the hind neck; under surface
deep tawny "buff. Size large : wing
over 4 inches , tristrami, p. 267.
s4. Occipital patch white; hind neck
orange or sandy buff. Size smaller: , f «,67
\ 8anctu8
wing not exceeding 4 inches> P--0'
r'». Under surface of body and under wing-f mgam, p. _ / ±.
coverts white, sometimes with a slight
shade of tawny buff on the sides and
under wing-coverts.
tK "With no fawn-colour on the breast
and flanks.
I5, Ear-coverts black, with a greenish
shade along the lower margin;
a broad and distinct black collar
round the nape, connected with
the black ear-coverts.
e6. Occipital patch cinnamon ..... . cassinl, p. 273.
/ 6 . Occipital patch small, white.
a7. Under surface pure white
(adult) or with dusky fringes
to the feathers.
a8. Head and back green or
greenish blue. chloris, p. 273.
b8. Head and back dusky green
or blackish sordidus, p. 277.
ft7. Under surface white, thickly
banded with black like the
sides of the neck and cheeks, forsteni, p. 278.
m5. Ear-coverts green or greenish
blue; ^black collar round nape
very indistinct or obsolete.
<7G. No "black on the mantle below
the collar.
* A fulvous tinge is sometimes present on the underparts of some of the races
of H. chloris, but is never a strongly marked character as it is in the H.-sanctus
16. HALCYOK.
c7. Outer aspect of quills and tail
bright Blue.
c8. Larger: with a creamy tinge
on the underpartsd8. Smaller : underparts purewhite\ d7. Outer aspect of quills and tail
^ greenish bluekQ. Upper mantle black.
e7. With the white occipital patch
obsoletef7. With the white occipital patch
very large
*^4. With a tinge of fawn-colour on the
sides of the body; wings brilliant
ultramarine.
n3. Centre of breast white.
iG. Ear-coverts bright blue like the
head; no distinct black nape-
collar; sides of body tawny
buff
kG. Ear-coverts black, scarcely
washed with blue, and continued
into a distinct black
collar round the nape
o5. Entire breast and abdomen light
tawny like the flanks ,
p\ Head black, as also the sides of the face and
ear-coverts, which join a very broad black
band below the nape; a white loral spot;
a broad band of white washed with greenjsh
blue from the eye round the nape; back
blackish „
d. Bill blackish on upper mandible, orange on
lower mandible.
q'. Lower back green; tail olive-green; breast
scaly; mantle mottled with spots of
ochre,
s". Breast-feathers edged with green.
s'". Moustache bright blue like the nape-
collar ,
t'". Moustache green like the nape-collar,.
t". Breast-feathers edged with blackr'. Lower back bright cobalt; tail deep blue;
moustache deep blue.
u". Back purplish blue like the wings ... .
v". Back green like the wings; the latter
spotted with ochre
e. Bill red, with black culmen; lower back bright
blue
1. Halcyon coromandus.
217
vidali, p. 279.
^ t ,
abyssinicus, p. 280.
armstrongi, p. 278.
solomonis, p. 280.
suvensis, p. 281.
humii, p. 281.
meyeri, p. 282.
davisoni, p. 282.
funebris, p. 283.
lindsayi <$, p. 286.
lindsayi $, p. 286.
moseleyi, p. 288.
concretus c?? p. 285.
concretus $ , P* 285.
Jiombroni, p. 284.
Le Martin Pecheur violet des Indes, Sonn. Toy. Ind. Orient ii. p. 212
(1782).
Le Martin Pecheur violet de la c6te de Ooromandel; Sonn. t. c. pi. 118
(1782).
218
ALCEDINIDJE.
Alcedo coromanda, Lath. Lid. Orn. I p. 252 (1790); Horsf. Trans.
Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 174 (1820).
Halcyon coromanda, Steph. in Shaitfs Gen. Zool. xm. pt. 2, p. 100
(1826); Cass. Cat. Halo. Plated. Mm. p. 7 (1852); Sharpe, Monogr.
Alced. p. 155, pi. 57 (1870); Ball, J. A. S. Beng. xli. p. 277 (1872) ;
id. Str.F. I p. 58 (1873); Hume, Str. F. ii. pp. 169,494(Andamans),
p. 470; Blyth % Wald. B. Burm. p. 70 (1875) ; Wardlato Ramsay,
Ibis, 1870, p. 456 (Tonghoo); Hume # Davis. Str. F. \i. p. 75
(1878: Tenasserim); Skarpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 249 (Lawas River);
id. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 331 (Labuan) ; Hume, Str. F. viii. pp. 49, 85
(1879); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 793 (Sandakan); Jouy, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus. vi. p. 310 (1883 : Japan); Oates, llandb. B. Br. Burm. ii.
p. 81 (1883); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 407,548 ; Blahist. Amend.
List B. Japan, p. 14 (1884); Seeb. Ibis, 1887, p. 176 (Liu Kin) ;
Stejn. Proc. U.S. Nat.Mns. x. p. 403 (1887); Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 44
(1888: Manipur); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 454 (Corea); Sharpe, Ibis,
1888, p. 197 (Palawan); Styan, Ibis, 1889, p. 446 (Foocliow);
Everett, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 226; id. Journ. Straits Branch P. Asiat
Soc. 1889, p. 160 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, pp. 20, 283 (N. W. Borneo) ;
Whitehead, t c. p. 46 (Palawan) ; Seebohm, B. Japan. Emp. p. 173
(1890); Steere, List Birds § Mamm. Steere Exped. Philipp. p. 11
(1890: Luzon, Guimaras).
Halcyon
coromandelicus, Vigors, App. Mem. Paffl. p. 054 (1830);
Stoliczha, J. A. S. Beng. xxxix. p. 296 (1870: Prov. Wellesley) ;
Walden, Ibis, 1871, p. 165.
Dacelo coromanda, Less. TraiU, p. 247 (1831); ScH. Mus. Pays-Has,
Alced. Hevue, p. 16 (1874).
Halcyon lilacina, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 335 (1837); Bp. Consp. i.
p. 156 (1850); Motley $ Dilho. Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 13 (1855) ;
Scl. P.Z.S. 1863, p. 213.
Alcyon calipyga, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, pi. 16.
no. 769 ; id. in Crag's Zool. Misc. p. S2 (1844).
Halcyon coroniandra, Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc. Nepalpres. Hodgs. p. 56
(1846).
Halcyon
coromandeliana, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); id. List
Fissir. Brit. Mtts. p. 55 (1848) ; Horsf. <$• Moore, Cat B. Mus.
E.I. Co. i. p. 126 (1854); Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 227 (1862): Swinh.
Ibis, 1863, p. 259; id. P.Z.S. 1863, p. 333; id. P.Z.'S. 1871,
p. 347; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 91, no. 1099 (1869); Blatest &
Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 230; Seeboh?n, Ibis, 1879, p. 29.
Halcyon coromanda major, Temm. ty Schl. Faun. Japon. p. 75, pi. 39
(1842).
Halcyon coromanda minor, Temm. <§• Schl. Faun. Japon. p. 76
(1842).
Halcyon coromander, Blyth, Cat B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 47 (1849).
Halcyon schlegeli, Bp. Consp. i. p. 156 (1850).
Callialcyon coromanda, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 15, Taf. 405.
fig. 3092 (1851); Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 9 (1854); Wald. Ibis,
1873, p. 302 (S. Andamans) ; Salvad. Ucc. Bom. p. 793 (1874):
Wald. Trans. Z. S. ix, p, 155 (1875); Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 944
(Zamboanga) ; David <Sf Oust Ois. Chine, p. 76 (1877): Muller,
J.f. 0.1882, p. 398 (Salanga); Vorderm. Nat Tijdschr. Nederl
Ind. xlvi. p. 11 (1886).
Callialcyon lilacina, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 9 (1854).
Callialcyon schlegeli, Bp. t c. p. 9 (1854).
Dacelo coromandeliana, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 25 (1863, pt.);
id. Vog. Nederl. Ind. pp. 24, 56, pi. 8. fig. (1864).
16 . BLALCYOS.
219
Dacvlo eoramandeliana major, Schh Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 25
Halcyon rafa. Wall. P. Z. S. 1882. p. .3:38.
Halcyon eoromanda, Tar. rofa, Brtiggem. Abha/idL nat Ver. Bremen,
v. p. 54 (l^7ii: Celebes Sanghir).
Calllalcyon xufe,
JJ'aid. Tram. Z. & viii. p. 44 (1872); Sahad. Ann.
Mm. CU\ Gemc. vii. p. 0-5:3 (1877: Celebes); Meyer, Ibis, 1879,
p. 02 (Celebs*»: Blasitts, Zeitsehr. ges. Orn. iii. p.*90 (1886); id.
Omis9 iv. p. -572 |1S» : Great Sanghir).
Ilalevon C3ruinanda rufa, Steja. Proe. U.S. Nat. Miis. x. p. 403
11^7).
Ath/h tttah. General colour above rufous with a lilac gloss, with.
the lower bac'c and runip silvery blue slightly tinged with lilac;
quills and tail rufous with more or less of a lilac gloss; sides of
iiee. eir-cjvert-. and cheeks like the head; under surface of body
rinrnrann-buff. lighter on the abdomen, becoming gradually paler on
thti thro it, "which fades to bnffy white on the chin; under wingfjjYert-
deep or tBtre-buif; quills reddish below, pale chestnut on the
hiutr web: "bill rid. blackish at the base; legs and claws red;
iri* brown " i E. W. 0 tU<). Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 2-25,
\wiic 4-7, till *Jm7f tarau** U-5.
A*hUftM thu ^itnil-tr to the male in colour, but perhaps not so
briprht Total length 0 inches, culmen 2'25, wing 4*15, tail 2'5,
tarsus U-'hK
Ywntj. Duller in colour and browner than the adults, the head
more ruibu* than the back; the bill blackish, with a horny white
tip; under frurface of body light fawn-colour, the throat white ; the
checks .and the underparts crossed with wavy lines of dusky brown ;
** bill dark brown, except at the extreme tip of lower mandible for
about y-25 from tip, the sides and angle of gonys, the gape, and one
third of the upper mandible from tip gradually coming to a point on
ridge of culmen, which were a very pale yellowish orange; legs
and feet dark red-brown, soles pale red; iris bluish grey" (W.
Davlsrm).
The ordinary form of H. coromandtts from the Himalayas, Man
churia, and Japan is rather pale. The insular forms are darker and
richer in colour, especially the one inhabiting the Andamans. Spe
cimens from Borneo
are rather smaller; but the only race really
desen ing of subspecifie separation seems to mo to be the bird from
Celebes, which Mr. Wallace called Hahyon ntfa.
Hah. Eastern Asia from Corea to Japan and the Liu-Iuu
Islands, Eastern China and .Formosa; Eastern Himalayas; through
out the Indo-Chinese region to Java, Sumatra, Borneo, the Philip
pines, Celebes, and Sanghir. In the last two localities a permanently
dirk and large race occurs (II* rufcu "Wall).
a./>.A«l;ff.Juv.
Nepal Hodgson Coll.
bL (Types of R. ccdlipyga.)
i.
Ill &. Native Sikhim, Oct. (£. Man- Hume Coll.
tldli).
t r. Ail-; *, t. fcSikhhn, March to November (L. Hume Coll,
Jtiv.sk. MandeUi).
IL Ad. sk. Sikliim, Nov. Tweeddale ColL
220
v. $ juv. sk.
w} x. Ad.; y.
Juv. sk.
». Juv. sk.
a'. <S ad. sk.
b'. Juv. sk.
c'. Ad. sk.
d'. $ ad. sk.
e'. $ ad. sk.
/'. 2 ad. sk.
ad. j 7c', £', »i\
Juv. sk.
ri, £ ad. sk.
o\ c? ad. sir.
£>'> ?'• d 2 ad. sk.
r'. 2 ad. sk.
sf, t'. Ad.; t*'. juv.
sk.
v'. Ad. sk.
«?'. Ad. sk.
a?'y.dr ad. ;«".$
ad.; «".cTjuv.
sk.
A", c". Ad. et
juv. sk.
d". $ ad. sk.
e". Ad. sk.
/" . Tmm. sk.
g'\ S iuv. sk.
A". 2 ad. sk.
i", k". Ad. sk,
J". $ ad. sk.
m".$&&.; ^'V'j
*\Sad.; <?".
2 imtn. sk.
r",s". tfad.; £",
«". 2 ad. sk.
v'\w"ycc". Ad.sk.
y". $ ad. sk.
a". Ad. sk.
a3. $ ad. sk.
b\ 2 ad. sk.
c3. Ad. sk.
d\ Ad. sk.
e3,/3, #3. Ad. sk.
A3,*3. Ad.sk.
h\ 2 ad. sk,
lz
. $ ad. sk.
m3. Juv. sk.
n, o3. Ad. sk.
j)3. J ad. sk.
AICEDINlDiE.
Darjiling, 1200 feet.
Darjiling.
Darjiling (Sharpe Coll.).
Darjiling Terai, May 20.
Tista liiver, July 10 (H. J".
JEhves).
Lower Pegu, April 14 (E. W. O.).
Maygola, Tenasserim, April 14
(W. Limborg).
Thatone, Aug. 9 (W. Davison).
Wippiton, Dec. 7 (J. Darling).
Amherst, June, July (W. D.).
Meeta Myo, April 18 (W. JD.).
Malawun, Feb. 27.
Kossouni, April, June (J. Dar
ling).
Tapraw, April 18 {J. Darling).
Penang {Sharpe Coll.).
Malacca, Aug. (W. Davison).
Malacca (Dr. Maingay).
Johore, Feb., July, Aug. (W.
D.).
Formosa (R. Sivi?ihoe).
Formosa (R. S.).
Liu Kiu Islands, July (H.
JPnjer).
Japan (Sharpe Coll.).
Nagasaki, Sept. 6.
Hakodate, Aug. 5 (J.Blahiston).
Yokohama (II. Fryer).
S. Manchuria, June 20.
S.
Andamans, April to July,
Sept. (W. Davison).
S. Andamans, Jan., Feb. (R. G.
W. JR.).
Port Blair, S. Andamans.
Port Mouat, April 19 (W. D.).
Nicobars.
Sumatra (Sharpe Coll.).
Sumatra.
Java (Dr. Morsjield).
Java.
Labuan (Sir EC. Low: Sharpe
Coll.).
Sarawak.
Simunjon (A. Everett).
Simunjon (A. Everett),
Philippine Islands.
Manila.
Zamboanga, March (A.Everett).
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Oates Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
F. Ringer, Esq. [P.].
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
H. E.M.James, Esq.
[P.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Wallace Coll.
India Museum.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Eajah Brooke [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
16. Hiicroir.
221
a. Halcyon rufus*
q\ Ad. sk. Celebes. Gould Coll.
r\ Ad. sk Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.].
a3, rf ad. sk. Makassar. Wallace Coll.
(Type of H. rufa.)
t% u\ v\ Ad.sk. Menado (Sharpe Coll). Tweeddale Coll.
w3. Ad. sk. Menado. Hume Coll.
2. Halcyon "badius.
Halcyon badia,
Verr. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1851, p. 264 (Gaboon) ,*
Hartl Orn. West-Afr. p. 33 (1857); Cass. Proe. Philad. Acad.
1659, p. 34 (Ogowe Paver); Heine, J.f. 0. 1860, p. 187; Hartl
J,f. 0. 1861, p. 105; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 90, no. 1086 (1869) ;
Sharpe, Momgr. Alced. p. 159, pi. 58 (1869); id. Ibis, 1870,
p. 484 {Fantee) ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 50 (Denkera); Sharpe $
Bouvier, Bull Soc. Zool France, ii. p. 474 (1877 : Chissanibo); Oust.
Nouv. Arch. Mm. (2) ii. Bull p. 130 (1879 : Gaboon); Socage, Orn.
AwjtAar p. 538 (1881); Bilttik. Notes Leyden Mas. vii. p. 165
(lfeSo: Liberia); id. op. cit. x. p. 69 (1888).
? Halcyon caneroj»ha<ra, Strivkl Contt\ Orn. 1851, p. 134.
Caiieruphaga badia, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 9 (1854).
Daceio badia, Schl Mas. Bay$-Bas} Alced. p. 28 (1863): id. op. cit
Mime, p. 19 (1874).
Adult General colour above deep maroon-chestnut, becoming
more dusky on the feathers of the mantle, upper back, and scapulars,
which are brownish with chestnut margins; lesser wing-coverts
dull chestnut; median and greater coverts black, with chestnut
edges; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, the latter
whitish at the extreme base and bright cobalt near the base of the
outer web, forming an. oblique broad bar across the wing; back,
ramp, and upper tail-coverts bright cobalt; lateral upper tail-
coverts black, with blue margins; tail-feathers blue, with black
shafts, and blackish along the inner margins and at the ends; sides
of face, ear-coverts, cheeks, and sides of neck deep maroon-chestnut;
entire under surface of body white: the sides of the body blackish,
slightly washed with chestnut; under wing-coverts and asillaries
white, with a dusky blackish patch near the edge of the wing
formed by the lower primary-coverts; quills dusky below, white at
base: " bill vermilion-red; feet brown ; iris dark brown" (J. Biittikoftr).
Total length 8*3 inches, culmen 1-65, wing 3*55, tail 2*1,
tarsus G'-t
Younger birds are similar to the adult, but having the white
feathers of the underparts fringed with dusky blackish lines.
Hah, West Africa, from Liberia to the Congo.
a, /A Ad. sk. Forests of Ashantee. Godfrey Lagden, Esq.
[P.].
c. Ad. sk. Gold Coast (Kirbij). Shelley Coll.
d, e. Ad.; /. Juv. Fantee. Sharpe Coll.
sk
», A."Ad. sk. Fantee (H. T. Ussher). Shelley Coll.
1 Imm. sk. Gaboon {Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
222 ALCEDINIDJ?.
k. Imm. sk. Gaboon (H. T. Ansell). Shelley Coll.
1. Ad. sk. Gaboon. M. Verreaux.
?w. Imm. sk. Gaboon (J. Walker). Gould Coll.
3. Halcyon smyrnensis.
The Smirna Kingfisher, Aidin, Nat. Hist. B. Hi. p. 27, pi. 27 (1740).
The Large Kingfisher from Bengale, Albin, t. c. p. 27, pi. 28 (1740).
? The Great Kins-fisher from the River Gambia, Bdicards, N. Hist*
B. i. p;8, pi. 8(1743).
Le Martin-peacheur de Smyrne, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 499 (1760).
Le Grand Martin-peschen/de Bengale, Briss. t. c. p. 501 (1760).
Alcedo sinvrnensis, Lin?i. Syst. Nat. i. p. 181; Gm. Syst. Nat. i.
p. 456 J1788); Fyton, P. Z. S.1839, p. 101.
Martin-pecheur de la cote de Malabar, Daubent. PL JEnl, viii,
pi. 894.
Smyrna Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 615 (1782).
Great Gambian Kingfisher, var. A, Lath. t. c. p. 616 (1782),
Great Bengal Kingfisher, var. B, Lath. t. c. p. 616 (1782).
Alcedo fusca, Bodd. Tabl PL JBnl. p. 54 (1783).
Dacelo smyrnensis, Less. Traite, ii. p. 246 (1831).
Halcyon smyrnensis, Steph. in Shaws Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 99 (1826);
Styles, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 84; McCtell. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 156 ; Jerd.
Madr. Journ. xi. p. 230 (1840); 8triehl. Ann. f Mag. Nat. Hist.
ix. p. 441 (1842); Gray, Cat. Mamm. etc. Nepal, pres. Ilodys.
p. 57 (1846); id. Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit.
MILS. p. 55 (1848); Blyth, Cat. B. Mas. As. 8oe. p. 47 (1849);
Bp. Consp. i. p. 155 (1850); Cass, Cat. Hah. Philad. Mus. p. 6
(1852); Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 288 (Penamr); Horsf. $> Moore,
Cat. B. Mus. H.I. Co. I p. 125 (1854); Stein*. Ibis, lfcCO, p. 48,
1861, )\ 31; Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 227; Tristr. Ibis, 1866, p. 8t>
(Palestine); Blyth, t. c. p. 348; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 91,
no. 1095 (1869); 8harpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 161, pi. 59 (1870) ;
Swinh. Ibis, 1870, p. 93 (Hainan); Blanf. i. c. p. 465 (Pegu) ;
Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 347 (China); Blanf. J. A. S. Beng. xl.
p. 271 (1871: "Wardlia Tallev); Holdsxc. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 424;
Stoliczka, J. A. S. Beng. xli. p. 232 (1872); Hayes Lloyd, Ibis,
1873. p. 407 (Kathiawar): Hume, Nests § Eggs Ind. B. p. 105
(1873); id. 8tr. F. L pp. 103,115,168 (1873); Adam, t. c. p. 372
(Sambhur) ; Ball, Str. F. ii. p. 387 (1874: Chota Nagpur); Hume,
t. c. p. 470; Blyth 8p Wald. B. Burm. p. 70 (1875); Hume, Str.
F iii. p. 51 (1875 : Pegu); Butler, t c. p. 456 (Mt Abu) ; id. Str.
F. iv. p. 34 (1876); Fairb. t. c. p. 254 (Khandala); Armstr. t. c.
p. 306 (Irawady Delta); Hume, i. c. p. 383 (Travancore); Blanf.
Fast. Persia, ii. p. 121 (1876); Hume, Str. F. v. p. 19 (1877 :
Gachar); Oates, t. e. p. 143 (Pegu) ; Fairb. t. c. p. £94 (Palanis) ;
Hume 4' Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 74 (1878); Hnme, Str. F. vii.
p. 54 (1878); Davidson § Wenden, t. c. p. 77 (Dec-can); Murray,
t. c. p. 112 (Sehwan); Ball, t. c. p. 204 (C. India); Cripps, t c.
p. 260 (Funeedpore); Anderson, ZcoL Kuped. Ywi-nan, p. 579
(1878: Upper Burmah); Hume, Str. F. % iii. pp. 49, 8o (Malacca);
Scully, t c. p. 238 (Nepal); Doig, t. c. p. 370 (E. Narro); Legge,
B. Ceylon, p. 298 (1879); Butler, Cat. B. Sind etc. p. 16 (1879);
id. Cat B. 8. Bomb. Pres. p. 19 (1880); Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 49
(1880: S. Konkan); Bingham, L c. p. 154 (Thoungyeen); JDanf
Ibis, 1880, p. 83 (Asia Minor); Butler, Str. F. ix. p. 382 (1881);
16 . HALCYON.
223
Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 380 (Perak); Reid, Str. F. x. p. 21 (1881:
Lucknow) ; Davidson, Str. F. x. p. 296 (1882: fckandeish);
Davison, t c. p. 351 (1883; Mysore); Oates, Handb. B. Br. Burin.
ii. p. 82 (1883) ; Tristr. Faun. $ Flor. Palest, p. 87 (1884);
Murray, Vertebr. Faun. Sind, p. 110 (1884) ; C. H T. Marshall,
Ibis, 1884, p. 409 (Ohamba); Swinh. 8? Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 61
(Mhow); Radde, Ibis, 1885, p. 237; Sharpe, Ibis, 1886, p. 488
(Fao); Taylor, Str. F. x. p. 457 (1887: Manzeerabad) ; Terry,^ t. c.
p. 471 (Palanis); Styan, Ibis, 1887, p. 230 (Foocliow); Guillem.
Ibis,im, p. 102 (Cyprus); Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 44 (1888:
Manipur) ; St John, Ibis, 1889, p. 157; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests fy
Fggs, iii. p. 15 (1890).
Alcyon smyrnensis, Hodgs. Icon. ined. Brit, Mus., Fasseres, pi. 17.
fig-. 1 (no. 590) ; id. in Grays Zool Misc. p. 82 (1844).
Halcyon fusca,
Gray, Gen. B.i.y. 79 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit.
Mus. p. OD (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 155 (1850); Cass. Cat
Hale. Bhilad. Mus. p. 6 (1852); Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat. B. Mus.
F.I. Co. i. p. 125 (1854); Jerd. B. hid. i. p. 224 (1862); Beavan,
Ibis, 1865, p. 408 (jtf aunbhoom); Blyth, Ibis, 1868, p. 348 ; Walden,
Ibis, 1871, p. 165; Cordeaux, Ibis, 1888, p. 225 (JDras).
Entomothera smyrnensis, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 13 (1851).
Entomothera fusca, Reichenb. t. c. p. 12, Taf. 404. figs. 3088-89
(1851).
Entomobia smyrnensis, Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 155,
note (1860); David § Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 76 (1877); Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Genov. iv. p. 587 (1886: Bhamo).
Entomobia fusca, Cab. §* Heine, t. c. p. 155 (1860).
Dacelo fusca, Schl. Mus. Bays-Bas, Alced. p. 28 (1863); id. Revue,
p. 18 (1874); Heugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 188 (1869).
Adidt male. General colour above bright greenish blue, a little
brighter cobalt on the longer scapulars ; entire back from below the
mantle to the upper tail-coverts bright cobalt-blue; lesser wing-
coverts deep chestnut; median series black, slightly washed with
blue on the margins; greater series dark greenish blue; bastard-
wing, primary-coverts, and quills bright cobalt, the innermost
secondaries entirely blue, the remainder of the quills blackish at
their ends, with the greater part of the inner web white; tail-
feathers greenish blue above, with black shafts and dusky-blackish
edgings to the inner webs; crown of head and hind neck deep
maroon-chestnut, spreading a little on to the upper mantle; sides of
face, cheeks, ear-coverts, sides of neck, sides of breast, and underpays
maroon-chestnut; the whole of the throat, fore neck, and
centre of breast white, with a slight blue gloss on the latter under
certain lights ; axillaries and under wing-coverts also maroon ; edge
of wing and base of quills white. Total length 11 inches, culmen
2-7, wing 4-7, tail 2-9, tarsus 0-6.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but not quite so bright, and
with the rufous portions of the plumage rather paler: ''bill and
feet coral-red; iris brown " (E. A. Butler). Total length 11 inches,
culmen 2-5, wing 4'7, tail 3-4, tarsus 0*5.
Hah. From Cyprus and Asia Minor to Syria and Palestine, eastward
through Persia to Baluchistan; throughout the whole of the Indian
224: A1CEDI1&IDJE.
Peninsula, Ceylon, Indo-Chinese countries, and the Malayan Peninsula,
eastwards to South China and Formosa.
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad, sk.
d. e. <$ $ ad. sk.
f,y. 6 2 ad.sk.
k. Ad. sk
i, k. Ad. sk.
I. $ ad. sk.
m. J ad. sk.
n. Tmm. sk.
o. 6 ad. sk.
p. 6 ad. sk.
q. <$ ad. sk.
r. $> ad. sk.
a<^-s^
5, t 2
u. Ad. sk.
w, x. 6 2 ac** s^y,
Z. d 2 ad.; «'•
6 nestling sk.
b'. Ad. sk.
c'-f. 6 ad. et
2uv.;g',ti,if. $
ad. et juv. sk.
h'-o\ S 2 ad
sk.
p\ ql. Ad. sk.
r\ Ad. sk.
*'. Ad. sk.
t'. Ad. sk.
«'. Ad. sk.
v\ w\ of. 6 ad.
sk.
y\ z', a". 6 ad.
b". 2 ad.sk.
c". Ad. sk.
d". Ad. sk.
e". 6 ad. sk.
f',g". Ad.sk.
A". Ad. sk.
t"-m". Ad. sk.
w". (5 ad. sk.
Smyrna.
Xantkus, Asia Minor.
Syria (Sharpe Coll.),
Jericho, Jan. 2 (£t. B.Tristram).
Mesopotamia.
Fao, Persian Gulf.
Bagdad.
Kazerm (2750 ft.), W. of Shiraz,
Jan. {Sir 0. St. John). ^
Pishin, Persian Baluchistan,
Feb. 9.
Miani, Sindh {Sharps Coll.).
Larkhana, Jan. 5 (A. O. M.).
Sukkur, Dec. 30 (A. 0. H.).
Jacobabad, Dec. 23 {A. 0. K.).
Hydrabad {Dr. JET. Gould).
Karachi, 2s ov., Feb. (B. A. But
ler).
Kattiawar, March 24.
Deesa, March 14 (B. A. Butler).
Oodyptir, Feb. (A. O. H.).
Sambhur, Dec. June (B. M.
Ada?}i).
Delhi.
Gurgaon District, Feb., April,
July, Oct., Nov. {W. JV,
Chill).
Sirza, Punjab.
Dehra Ghazi Khan, March.
Moultan (Capt. Ticeedie).
Cashmere.
Doo Saree, Jan. 22 (Keith
Abbott).
Kalka,Nov. 7 (A. 0. H.).
Dmbala, Nov. (B. C. Beava?i).
Jerripanee, Masuri.
Dhoon.
Kaladoongi, Sept. 27.
Kumaon (Strachey).
Cawnptir, Jan. 13.
Oudh, Dec, Feb.
Oudh.
Nepal.
Nepal Valley, March (J. Scully).
Darjeeling Terai, Nov., Jan.
(L. Mandelli).
Gould Coll.
Sir C. Fellowes [P.].
Tweeddale CoU
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Commander Jones
[0.].
W. D. Cum mi n or, Esq.
Sir Kenneth Loftus
[p.].
Hume Coll.
W. T. Blanford.Esq.
[P.].
Tweeddale CoU.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Colonel Hayes Lloyd
[P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Gould Coll.
E. M. Langwortky,
Esq. rP.l.
Gould CoU.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale CoU,
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Plume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Pinwill Coll.
Hodgson ColL
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
16. HALCYON,
q". Ad. sk.
r",s"j t". Ad.sk.
u". c? ad. sk.
v", w". 5 ad. sk.
&". $ ad. sk.
y". Ad. sk.
a". Ad. sk.
a3. J ad. sk.
h\ c\ Ad. sk.
<P. <S ad. sk.
e3,f\ Ad. sk.
</\ Ad. sk.
h\ Ad. sk.
**, #, r. Ad. sk.
wi\ $ ad. sk.
n3, o3. Ad. sk.
p*. S ad. sk.
q3. S inim. sk.
r\s\ c? ad.;^
w3. $ ad. sk.
a:3. Ad. sk.
y3. $ ad. sk.
s\ Ad. sk.
«*. Ad. sk.
bK Ad. sk.
e4. J ad. sk.
d\ 2 ad. sk.
e%. <$ ad. sk.
fK Ad. sk.
<74. Ad. sk.
h\ i\ Ad. sk.
kK 2 ad* skr?
m4. Ad. etjuv.
sk.
w4. Ad. sk.
ol-xA. Ad. etimm.
sk.
y4, s4. $ ad. sk.
a5. cJ ad. sk.
b\ c\ 6 2 ad.
d5, e5,/5. Ad. et
imm. sk.
g5, h5. cT ad. et
juv. sk.
i55
-q. Ad. et
imm. sk.
VOL. XVH.
Buxa Doars, Feb. (L. Mandelli).
Bhotan Doars, Jan., April (X.
M.).
Assam, Nov. (A. W. Chennell).
Ivamroop. Feb. (A. W. Chen
veil).
Dibrughur, March 23 (J. It.
Cripps).
Cachar (J. Inglis).
Sylhet, Jan. 2o (A. O. II).
Manipur, Feb. 21 (.4. 0. H).
Dacca.
Calcutta, Jan.
Maunbhooni, Feb., March (i2. C.
Beava?i).
Behar.
•Saugor (Hooper).
Kamptee.
Mhow, Nov. 29.
Khandeish (Sharpe Coll.).
Nandurbar, Dec. {J. Davidson).
Dhulia, Sept. 12 (J. Davidson).
Raipur, Jan.
Matterhan, Nov.
Kliandala, April 10 (8, B. Fair-
bank).
Deccan (Syhes).
Madras.
Madras.
Belgaum, Aug. 8 (HA. But~
ler).
Seegore, Nilghiris, Feb. 10 (W.
Davison).
Nellacotta, Wynaad, March 29
(W. Davison).
Coorg.
Malabar Coast.
Anjango, Travancore, Dec.
Mynall, April 15 (F. Bour
dillon).
Ceylon.
Ceylon (Sharpe Coll.),
Cevlon, Dec. {Chapman <§•
Neiill).
Cotta, August (Hart).
Colombo, August (Hart).
Elephant Point, Dec (J. Arm
strong).
Rangoon, Dec, June (R. G.
W. M.).
Tonghoo, March, May (R G.
W. IL).
Pe.ru, Nov., Dec, Feb., Mav
(R W. Oates).
Hume Coll.
Hume Cull.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hodgson Coll.
India Museum.
Dr. R. B. Ilinde rP.1.
Colonel S winhoe [P. J.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.
Rev.H.H. Baber [P.l
Rev.H.H, Baber[P.j.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Purchased.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
226
ALCEDINID.SI.
r5, s5. <$ ad. sk. Arrakan Hills, Jan. (E. W. Hume Coll.
Oates).
t\ c? ad. sk. Pahpoon, Jan. 12 (IF. DaviHume
Coll.
son).
< fl5. <J ? ad. Kaukaryit, Nov., Jan. (DaviHume
Coll.
sk.
w5. 5 ad, sk.
#5. $ ad. sk.
y\ Ad. sk.
z5. tf ad. sk.
a6. <3 ad. sk.
b6
. 3 ad. sk.
cB. (J ad.; #-A6.
$ ad. sk.
A8. $ ad.sk.
P. c? ad. sk.
m6. <J ad. sk.
w6. cJ ad. sk.
o6, j?6. Ad.; <f.
Juv. sk.
rc, sB. Ad. et imm.
sk.
f. Ad. sk.
w6, v6. Ad. sk.
w6. <$ ad. sk.
a^y8. dad.;*8,
R Ad. sk.
e7. Ad. sk.
cF, Ad. sk.
e7. Ad. sk.
Z7. Ad. sk.
g7. Ad. sk.
A7. Imm. sk.
P, k7,11. Ad.;
m7-p7. Juv. sk.
q7. Juv. sk.
son §* Bingliam).
Thoungyah, Oct. (J. Darling).
"Wippitan, Dec. (J. Darling).
Thoungyeen Yalley.
Myawadee, Jan. 18 (W. Dan-
son).
Meetan, Feb. (W. Davison).
Moulmein, Dec. ( W. Davison).
Amherst, Dec, Jan. (IP*. Davi
son).
Tavoy, March 31 (J. Darling).
Karope, March 25 (W. Dam
son).
Mergui, Nov. 8 (W. Davison).
Pakchan, Jan. 21 (W. Davison).
Malacca.
Malacca (Dr. Maingay).
Malacca.
Malacca (Dr. Cantor).
Malacca, July, Aug. ( W. Davi
son).
Nealvs, Oct. ( W. Davison).
Pulo' Seban, Oct., Nov. (W.
Daviso?i).
Singapore (Dr. A. B. Meyer).
Singapore ( W. Davison).
Singapore Island, Dec. 11 ( W.
Davison).
Saigon, Jan.
Cambodia.
Cochin China.
Canton.
Amoy, Oct., Nov., May, June,
July (R. Swinhoe).
Takow, Formosa, June (M.
Swinhoe; Sharpe Coll.).
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Major Bingham [P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume OolL
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
W.
Harvev, Esq.
rp.]. "
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
M. E. Pierre [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
31. E. Pierre "P.*1.
Tweeddale Coll."
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Subsp. a. Halcyon saturatior.
Halcyon smyrnensis (nee L), Beavan, Ibis, 1807, p. 319; Ball, J.
A. S. Beng. xli. p. 278 (1872); id. Str. F. i. p. 58 (1873); Walden,
Ibis, 1873, p. 302 (S. Andamans); Hume, Str. F ii. p. 167 (1874:
Port Blair).
Halcyon saturatior, Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 531 (1874); id. Str. F. viii.
p. 85 (1879).
Adult male. Similar to H. smyrnensis, but very much darker
everywhere ; the blue of the wings and tail richer, and the chestnut
16. HALCYON.
227
portions of the plumage darker, being deep maroon on the breast.
Total length 11 inches, culmen 2-5, wing 5*15. tail 3*3, tarsus
0-55.
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 10*5 inches,
culmen 2*6, wing 4*8, tail 3-1, tarsus 0-55.
Uab. Andamans and Nicobars.
a. $ ad. sk. S. Andamans, May 4 ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.
b-h. Ad. sk. Port Blair, Mar. ( W. JD.). Hume Coll.
(Types of species.)
i-k. Ad. sk. Aberdeen, Nov., Dec. (De Roep- Hume Coll.
storff).
I, m, n. <$ ad.; Port Mouat, April (W. JD.). Hume Coll.
o. $ ad. sk.
p. d ad. sk. Haddo, Dec. 28 (W. D.). Hume Coll.
q.
<$ ad. sk. Macpherson Strait, March 7 (W. D.) Hume Coll.
r, *.
tf ad.; t. Hopetown, Dec. 13 (W. D.). Hume Coll.
2 ad. sk.
u. Ad. sk. Mount Harriet, March 28 ( W. £>.). Hume Coll.
v. Imm. sk. S. Andamans, June (JR. C. Beavan). Tweeddale Coll.
w, a\ Ad. sk. S. Andamans,Dec, Jan. (JR. G. W. JR.). Tweeddale Coll.
y.
Ad. sk. Nicobars (R J. Wimberley). Tweeddale Coll.
4. Halcyon gularis.
Le Martin-pescheur bleu de Madagascar, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 496,
pi. xxxviii. fig. 2 (1760).
Grand Martin-Peekeur de Madagascar, Daubent. PI. Fnl viii.
pi. 232.
Alcedo smyrnensis, var. ft Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 456 (1788).
Alcedo gularis, Kuhl} Buffon fy Daubent. Fig. Av. Col. JSfom. Syst
p. 4 (1820).'
Alcedo rufirostris, Kittl Kupf. Yog. p. 10, Taf. 14. fig. 2 (1832);
Meyen, Beitr. p. 94 (1834).
Alcedo melanoptera (nee Horsf.), Temm. Tall. MHh. p. 75 (1836).
Halcyon ruficollis, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 335 (1837).
Halcyon smyrnensis, var. albogularis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xii.
p. 99 (1843), xiii. p. 394 (1884).
Halcyon gularis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); Kaup, Fam. Eisv.
p. 8 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 155 (1850); Gould, B. Asia, i.
pi. 44 (1861); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 91, no. 1095 (1869); Sharpe,
Monogr. Alced. p. 165, pi. 60 (1870); Wald. 8? Layard, Ibis,
1872, pp. 96, 97 (Negros) f Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) i. p. 317
(1876) ; Steere, List Birds 4* Mamm. Steere Fccped. Philipp. p. 11
(1890: Guimaras, Samar, Masbate, Marinduque, Mindoro).
Entomothera gularis, JReichenb. Handb., Alced. i. p. 13, Taf. 40.
fig. 3082 (1851).
Entomobia gularis, Cab. Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 155 (1860); Wald.
Tr. Z. 8. ix. p. 154 (1875); Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 538 (Mindanao),
p. 541 (Panay), p. 690 (Luzon), p. 758 (Oebu), p. 823 (N.
Mindanao); id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 282 (Negros), p. 34 (S. Leyte),
p. 379 (Panaon), p. 943 (Zamboanga).
Alcedo fusca (nee Bodd), Martens, J.f.O. 1866, p. 16; id. Preuss.
Faped. Ost-Asien, p. 189 (1867).
Dacelo gularis, Schl Mus. Pays-Bas, Revue Alced. p. 19 (1874).
0,2
228
ALCEDIXID.&5,
Adult male. Similar to H. smyrnensis^ but easily distinguished by
the white being restricted to the upper throat, by the richer blue and
maroon colours of the plumage, and by the whole of the wing-
coverts being black: " bill and legs coral-red: iris dark brown "
(A. H. Everett). Total length 10 inches, culmen 2*5, wing 4*85,
tail 3*1, tarsus 0*55.
Adult female. Similar in colour to the male. Total length
10 inches, culmen 2*35, wing 4*9, tail 3*2, tarsus 0*55.
Bab. Philippine Islands.
a, b. Ad. sk,
e. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e,f. Ad. sk.
g. S ad. sk.
h,
i. $ 2 ad.
sk.
k.
J ad. sk.
I. m.
$ ad. * n.
$ ad. sk.
o. A&. sk.
p. 2 ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r, s. $ § ad.
sk.
t, w. r? 2
a<*
sk.
v. Ad. sk.
w. 2 ad. sk.
*> y-6 2 &&Philippine
Islands {Sharpe Coll.).
Manila, Luzon.
Manila (Maitland-Heriot).
San Mateo, Luzon, Jan. (A.
Everett).
Monte Alban, Feb. {A. Everett).
Cebu, April {A. Everett).
Cebu, April {Dr. A. B. Meyer).
Negros, Jan., March (L. C.
Layard).
San Bernardino, Negros, Jan.
Sibulan, Negros, March 9.
Valencia, Negros, Aug. {A.
Everett).
Ilo-Ilo, Panay.
Zamboanga, Mindanao.
Zamboanga, Mindanao (A. Everett),
Panaon, Oct. {A. Everett).
Surigao, May {A. Everett).
Tweeddale Coll
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Prof. Steere [C.].
E. L. Moselev, Esq.
Tweeddale Coll.
Toy. H.M.S. • Challenger.'
Voy. H.M.S. ' Chal
l^n^sr.'
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
5. Halcyon cyaniventris.
Alcedo cyanoTentris, TieilL N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. six. p. 412
(1818).
Alcedo melanoptera, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 174 (1821).
Alcedo omnicolor, Temm. PL Col. iv. pi. 135 (1828, ex Beinw. MSS.).
Halcyon melanopterus, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool xiii. p. 100 (1826);
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 54
(1848) ; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 127 (1854).
Dacelo omnicolor, Less, Traite, p. 247 (1831).
Halej on omnicolor, Swains, Classif. B. ii. p. 335 (1837); Bp. Consp.
i. p. 155 (1850); Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 47 (I860).
Halcyon multicolor, Eaup, Earn. Eisv. p. 8 (1848).
Entomothera melanoptera, Reichen.. Handb., Aleed. p. 14, Taf. 404.
fig. 3087 (1851).
Halcyon cyaniyentris, Cass. Cat. Hale. BMlad. Mus. p. G (1852);
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 91, no. 1098 (1869); Sharpe, Monogr. Aked.
p. 167, pi. 61 (1870); Nicholson, Ibis, 1881, p. 143 (Java).
Entomobia
cyaniventris, Cah. fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 154
(1860). *
16 . HALCYON. 229
Dacelo melanoptera, SchL Mies. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 27 (1863) j id.
Vog. Nederl Ind. pp. 22, 55, pi. ix. figs. 8, 4 (1804).
Dacelo cyaniventris, tSchl Mus. Pays-Bas, Revue Alced. p. 18 (1874).
Adult. General colour above brilliant blue, from the mantle and
scapulars to the upper tail-coverts : wing-coverts black, those near
the point of the carpal band washed with blue; bastard-wing and
primary-coverts bright cobalt-blue, as also the outer aspect of the
quills; the primaries blackish at the ends, with the inner web
white for nearly its whole extent; the innermost secondaries deeper
blue like the back; tail-feathers bright cobalt-blue with blackish
shafts ; crown of head, sides of face, and ear-coverts black; cheeks,
throat, fore neck, and sides of neck deep maroon-chestnut, extending
in a collar round the hind neck, where it is washed with blue;
chin hoary white; remainder of under surface of body deep rich
blue, a little more purplish than the blue of the back; thighs black;
under tail-coverts blue, slightly washed with rufous; axillaries and
under wing-coverts black ; edge of wing blue ; quills black below,'
with the basal area of the quills white. Total length 10 inches,
culmen 2*4, wing 4*55, tail 2-9, tarsus 0*6.
Young. Everywhere much duller in colour than the adult; throat
white ; sides of face and crown dusky black, extending on to the
hind neck and followed by a broad collar of brick-red ; chest rufous
with a slight purplish lustre; remainder of under surface dull
purple with white bases to the breast-feathers; the abdomen and
flanks dull purplish blue.
Hah. Java.
a. Ad. sk. Java. Gould Coll.
h, c, d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ Ad. sk.
g. Juv. sk.
h. 5 ad. sk.
Java (Sfoarpe
Java (Wallace
Java.
E. Java.
ColL).
\: Sharpe Coll)
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Purchased.
Wallace Coll.
i. Ad. sk. Java. India Museum.
(Type of H. omnicolor.)
h. Ad. bt. Java. Laugier Coll.
6. Halcyon pileatus.
Martin-peckeur de la Chine, Daubmi. PL JEnl vii. pi. 073.
Le Martin-peckeur a coilfe noir, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 18$
(1780).
Black-capped Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. G24 (1782).
Alcedo pileata, Bodd. Tabl PI JEnl. p. 41 (1783).
Alcedo atricapilla, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 453 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn.
i. p. 251 (1790) • Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 293 (1820).
p. 9 (1854); Horsf. $
Co. i. p. 124 (1854) ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 226 (1802); Stoliczka,
J. A. S. Bern/, xxxix. p. 296 (1870); Hume, Ibis, 1870, p. 438
(Sunderbundb); Blanf. t. c. p. 465 (Irawady Delta); Gould, B.
Asia, i. pi. 45 (1860); Pels. Reis, Novara, Tog. p. 49 (1865);
ALCEDI2TIDJS.
2m
Bali, Str. F. i. p. 58 (1873 : Andamans); Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 168
(1874: Nicobars); id. Str. F. iv. p. 287 (1876: Andamans).
Alcedo brarua, Less. Cent. ZooL pi. 8 (18-30).
Dacelo atricapilla, Less. Traite, p. 246 (1831).
Alcedo puella, Von Kreling, teste Reicheub. J.f. 0.1854, p. 140.
Halcyon pileata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (184U); id. List Fissir. p. 54
(1848); Cass. Cat. Sale. Phil. Mus. p. 5 (1852); Sharpe, Monogr.
Alced. p. 169, pi. 62 (1868); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 91, no. 1097
(1869); Wald. Ibis, 1871, p. 165; Swinh. Ibis, 1870, p. 93
(Hainan) ; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 347 ; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 424
(Ceylon); Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (1874), iii. p. 51 (1875:
Thavetnivo); Armstr. Str. F. iv. p. 306 (Irawady Delta); Sharpe,
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 101 (Labuan); Blyth § Wall B. Burin, p. 70
(1875); Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 33 (Sibu); Tweedd. Ibis, 1877,
p. 296 (Laaipong); Wardlaw JRamsay, t. c. p. 456; Kmne $*
Davison, Str. F. vi. pp. 74, 499 (1878: Tenasserim); Ball, Str. F.
vii. p. 235 (1878); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 331 (Labuan); id.
Ibis, 1879, p. 249 (Brunei); Zegge, B. Ceylon, i. p. 301 (1879);
Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 49 (Malacca), p. 85; Bingham, t.c. p. 193
(Thoungveen); Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 49 (1880 : South Konkan);"
Bingham, t. c. p. 154 ; Butler, Cat. B. S. Bomb. Pres. p. 19 (1880) ;
id. Str. F. ix. p. 382 (1881); Eelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 380 (Perak) ;
Gates, Kandb. B. Brit. Burnt, ii. p. 83 (1883); Nichols. Ibis,
1883, p. 243 (Sumatra); Seeb. Ibis,1884,, p.261 (Yang-tse-KiangPu);
Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 548 (X. Celebes); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1887,
p. 600 (Corea) ; Styan, Ibis, 1887, p. 230 (Foochow); Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1888, p. 462 (Corea) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 197 (Palawan);
Whitehead, Ibis, 1890, p. 45 (Palawan) ; Sieere, List Birds §
Mamm. Steere Duped. Philipp. p. 11 (1890: Balabac, Basilan).
Entomotbera pileata, Reichenb. Kandb., Alced. p. 15, Taf. 401.
figs. 3080-81 (1851).
Entomobia pileata,
Cab. 8f Heine, Mus. Kein. Tli. ii. p. loo (1860);
Salvad. Ucc. Bom. p. 102 (1874); Wald. Trans. ZooL Soc. ix.
p. 154 (1875); David <§• Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 75 (1877); Meyer,
Ibis, 1879, p. 61 (Celebes) ; Tacz. J.f.O. 1881, p. 180 (Askold);
Milller, J. f 0. 1882, p. 398 (Salanga) ; Vorderm. Nat. Tijdschr.
Nederl. Ind. xlvi. p. 11 (1886); Blasius, Omis, iv. p. 307 (1888:
Palawan).
Dacelo pileata, Schl. Mas. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 27 (1863); id. Yog.
Nederl. Ind., Alced. pp. 22, 54, pi. ix. %. 2 (1864); id. Mus.
Pays-Bas, Rev. Alced. p. 18 (1874).
Adult male. General colour above purplish, blue on the mantle
and scapulars, the centre of the back and rump brighter and more
purplish cobalt; upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers purplish blue,
the latter blackish along the inner webs and having black shafts ;
wing-coverts black ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and outer aspect
of quills purplish blue, the latter blackish at the ends, and with
broad wrhite bases to the inner webs; crown of head, sides of face,
and ear-coverts black, as well as the base of the cheeks : round the
hind neck a broad white collar ; cheeks and throat white, extending
down the centre of the breast; sides of the latter, flanks, abdomen,
and under tail-coverts, under wing-coverts and axillaries rich orange-
buff; quills below black, with a broad white band across the base:
" bill deep red ; mouth pale red ; eyelids pinkish plumbeous, covered
16. HALCYON. 231
with white feathers, except on the edges, where they are black;
feet dark red, brownish in front of the tarsus • claws dark horncolour
; iris dark brown " (E. W. Gates). Total length 11 inches,
culmen 2-4, wing 5, tail 34, tarsus 0-55.
Adult female. Does not differ in colour from the male. Total
length 11 inches, culmen 2*4, wing 5*1, tail 3, tarsus 05 .
Young birds have dusky blackish fringes to the feathers of the
breast.
Hab. Southern India and Ceylon, Lido-Malayan, countries and
islands, south to Celebes, north to China and Corea.
a. J ad. sk.
b} c, d. Ad.;
e. Imm. sk.
f-l. 8 ad. et imm.
m. 2 ad. sk.
n. 8 ad. sk.
o. 8 ad. sk,
p. Ad. sk.
q. $ imm. sk.
r. 8 ad. sk.
s91. $ ad. sk.
u. 8 ad. sk.
v,w,x. tf; y-f.
5 ad. et imm.sk
g\ 8 imm. sk.
h', ir 2 imm. sk.
Iff, V. Ad. sk.
m'. J ad. sk.
ri,o'. 8 $ad. sk.
y, ?',/.(? ;*'-»'.
5ad.etimm.sk,
w\ x'. Ad. et
imm. sk.
y^'.tf *!.;«".$
ad. sk.
b". 8 ad. sk.
c"-f'. 8 ad. sk.
g"}h" 8$ad.sk.
i"9k". 2 ad.sk.
Z". Ad. sk.
m". 8 ad. sk.
n"~s".8;t",u".
Jad.etimm.sk.
v", ID". Ad. sk,
x"~z". Ad. sk.
aW.tf imm.sk,
dz
. 8 iaiHL. sk.
Malvan, S. Konkan, Jan. 18
(G. Vidal).
Sunderbunds, Dec., Jan.
j Elephant Point, Burma, Dec,
Jan. (J. Armstrong).
Palow, Thayetmyo District,
Sept. 21 (E. W. 0.)
Lower Pegu, Oct. 3 (E. W. 0.).
Salt Water Creek, Trawady
Delta.
Kaukaryit, Tenasserim, Sept.
16 (J. Barling).
Wippitan, Dec. 9 (/. JD.).
Thatone, Oct., Dec. (W.
Davison).
Karope, March 24 (W. D.)
Amherst, Dec. to March (/.
Armstrong).
Moulmein, Sept. 14 (JR. C.
Attaran River, near Moul
mein, Dec. (W. D.).
Tavoy,April (W.B.).
Nwalabo, April 11 (W. D.).
Bopyin, Dec. 19 (W. D.).
Mergui, Nov. Dec. (W. JD.).
Tenasserim River, Nov. (TV.
JD.).
PabyimNov. 15 (W. D.).
Pakchan, Jan. 16 (W. JD.).
Bankasoon,Dec. (W. JD.).
Kopah, Jan. 19 (J. Darling).
Salang, March (J. Darling).
Penang (Dr. Cantor).
Penang,Dec. 15 (W. JD.).
Klang, Salangore, Oct. to
Feb. (W.D.).
Malacca (Sharpe Coll).
Malacca, Aug. (W.D.).
Kuroo State, Nov., March
(W.D.).
Pulo Seban, Oct. 24 (W. D.).
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Oates Coll.
W.T. Blanford,Esq.
[P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
232
ALCEDINIDJE.
e3, cJ ad. sk. Singapore Island, Feb. 1 ( W. Hume Coll.
D.).
/3-d; </V^$ S. Andaman, Jan., Nov. ( JT. Hume Coll.
ad. et inim. sk. D. £ 22. J". Wimberley).
i'-l\ Ad. sk. xsicobar I-landb. Tweeddale Coll.
m3. Ad. sk. Sumatra (&> 6'. Raffles). India Museum.
w3. Ad. bk. S.E. Sumatra (i?. 6'. Buxton). Tweeddale Coll.
o3-r3. Ad. et Sarawak. .Rajah Brooke [P.].
inim. sk.
s3. Ad. sk. Sarawak. Bajak Brooke [P.".
£3, w3. J ad. fek. JSaiawak (A. E. Wallace: Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.).
#3. J imm. sk. Simunjon, Sarawak (A. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Everett)
w\ Ad. bk. 3Ieklong, Slam. H. C. V. Hunter,
Esq. [P/.
#3. c? ad. sk. Bangkok, April 4 (Capt. It. B. Sharpe, Esq.
Conrad). IT.".
?/3. Imm. sk. Cambodia (Mouhot). Tweeddale Coll.
z3, a*. Imm. sk. Saigon, Cochin Ciiina. M. E. Pierre [P.].
b\ Ad. sk. Naochow Island, Feb. (E. Seebohm Coll.
Swinhoe).
c4. $ ad.; d\ Fokien, China, Jan. (Tuckett). Tweeddale Coll.
Juv. sk.
e\ Ad. sk. Kowloon, near Hongkong. Toy. II.M.S. k Chal
lenger.'
/*. tf ad. sk. Xingpo, Sept. 1 (E. Swinhoe). Seebohm Coll.
y',hK Ad. St. China. J. R. Reeves, E^q.
[p.;.
7. Halcyon semicaerulens.
Martins-pescheurs du Senegal, Danbent. PL Enl. ^iii. pi. 350.
Martin-peckeur bleu et noir de Senegal, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii.
p. 194(1780).
Alcedo seniicserulea, Forskal, Descr. Anim. p. 2 (1775: Yemen);
Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 437 (1788); E'upp. Neue Wirb. p. 68, tab. 24.
fig. 1 (1835-40).
Alcedo leucocephala, P. L. S. Mull. Syst. Nat. Sttj^l. p. 94 (1776);
Cass. Proc. Phil. Acad. 1864, p. 243.
Crab-eating Kingfisher, var. c, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 619 (1782).
Alcedo senegaiensis, yar. d, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 456 (1788).
Alcedo senegalen>is; var. b? Bonn, et Yieill. Enc. Meth. i. p. 283
(1823).
-» " * Halcyon swainsonii, Smith, S. Afr. Q. Jour. p. 143 (1836) j Layard,
B. S. Afr. p. 63 (1867).
Dacelo aetseon, Less. Traite, p. 247 (1831).
Halcyon rufiventer, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 101, pi. 12 (1837); Bp.
Consp. i. p. 155 (1850); Cass. Cat. Hale. Phil. Mus. p. 9 (1852) ;
Eeichml. Handb., Alced. p. 10, Taf. 402. figs. 3083-84 (1851) ;
Cab. 8r Heme, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 153 (1860).
Halcyon
semicserulea, E'upp. Syst. Uebers. p. 23 (1845); Gray, List
Fissir. p. 53 (1848) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 155 (1850); Eeichenb. Handb.,
Alced. p. 11, Taf. 402. fig. 3085 (1851); Sal Contr. Orn. 1852,
p. 124 (Red Sea Coast); Heugl. Syst. Uebers. p. 18 (1856); Hartl.
Orn W.-Afr. p. 33 (1857); Horsf. § Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I.
Co. I p. 128 (1854) j Cab. $ Heine, Mus, Hein. Th. ii. p. 153
16. HAXcyoN. 233
(1860) j Hartl. J.f 0. 1861, p. 104; Ileuyl in Petenn. Mitth.
p. 21 (1861); Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 28 (1864); Gray, Hancl-l.
B. i. p. 90, no. 108^ (1869;; Blanf GeoL $ Zool. Abyss, p. 322
(1870: Bogos); Finsch, Trans. Z. S, vii. p. 222 (1870: Bogos);
id. § Hartl. Toy. Ostafr. p. 160 (1870); Shaipe, Monoyr. Alced.
p. 173, pi. 64. fig. of ad. (1870, pt.); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 712
(Mombasa-); Antin. <^ Salvad. ilayy.Boyos, p. 68 (1873); Sharpe
c$* Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ii. p. 474 (1877: Congo) ;
Fischer, J.f.O. 1S77, pp. 172, 180; Cab. J.f.O. 1878, p. 235;
Fischer $ lleichen. t. c. p. 255 (Zanzibar); Fischer, J.f O. 1879,
pp. 293, 303; Hartl. Ahhandl. Nat. Ver. Bremen, vii. p. 110
(1881: Laclo); Shelley, 1\ Z. S. 1881, p. 567 (Pangani) ; id. Ibis,
1882, p. 577 (Shongaj ; Bohm, J.f 0.1883, p. 173 ; Sharpe, Journ.
Linn. Soc. x\ii. p. 4\5 (I8b4: Seinuiio); Fischer, Zeitschr. yes.
Orn. i. p. 361 (L884); Sclrad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) i.
p. 113 (1884 : Hhoa); Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 395 (Somali); Fncher,
J.f.O. 1885, p. 126 (Zanzibar, &c.); Buttik. Notes Ley den Mus.
Mi. p. 166 (1885: Liberia), \iii. p. 249 (1886), x. p. 70 (1888);
Hartert, J.f.O. 1886, p. 295 (Loko) ; Oust Bibl. Haut Etudes,
xx\i. art 10, p. 4 (1886: Somali) ; Reichen. J.f O. 1887, p. 60
(Eagehi) ; id. t. c. p. 808 (Ka&songo); Souza, Jorn. Lisb. xii. p. 221
(1888 : Quindiimbo); id. op. cit. (2) i. p. 121 (1889 : Quisfcangne);
Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) u. p. 223 (1888: Slioa); Shelley,
Ibis, 1888, p. 297 (Fimgaitkoombo).
Halcyon er>tlirogastra (nee Gm.), Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846, pt.).
Cancropkaga semicserulea, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 9 (1854).
Cancrophaga rufiventris, Bp. t. c. p. 9 (1854).
Dacelo senucasrulea, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 29 (1863); id.
op. cit. Revue, p. 19 (1874, pt.); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 190
(1869: N.E. Afiica up to 16°).
Halcyon leucoeepkala, Gray} Hand-l B. i. p. 90, no. 1084 (1869).
Adult male. Mantle, back, and scapulars black, the latter with
white or greyish-white bases ; lower back, rump, aiid tipper tail-
coverts brilliant cobalt ; wing-coverts black, the edge of the wing
whitish; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills brilliant cobalt,
the latter black towards the ends; the primaries with the inner
web for the most part white ; innermost secondaries black, washed
with blue ; tail-feathers bright blue, with black shafts and black
borders along the inner webs, the centre feathers duller; head and
neck ashy whitish, the crown rather the browner of the two, with
brown shaft-streaks; a faint eyebrow, sides of face, cheeks, throat,
and underparts a&hy white, the breast purer white; abdomen,
thighs, under tail-coverts, under wing-coverts, and auxiliaries chestnut,
with the lower primary-coverts tipped with black, forming a
patch between the chestnut and the white of the lower quills:
"bill and legs scarlet; iris brown" (W. T. Blanford). Total
length 8 inches, culm.cn 1-75, wing 4, tail 2*4, tarsus 0-5.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but not so black, the back
having a distinctly browner shade. Total length 8 inches, culm en
1-85, wing 4-1, tail 2*75, tarsus 0*4.
The chief difference observable in a series of this bird lies in the
lighter or darker colour of the head. Both the latter and the hind
neck are much browner in fre&h moulted plumage, and these parts
234 ALCEDUSIDiE.
become lighter with age. The sides of the face and fore neck are
also dusky brown, leaving the throat pure white, as well as the
lower breast. These colours, however, become bleached, like the head
and neck, to ashy white.
Young birds are freckled on the fore neck and chest with grey, and
have the fore neck ashy, with bars of grey across; the upper
plumage, too, is brown, as in the female.
Hob. West Africa from Senegambia to the Congo and Angola;
N.E. Africa and East Africa generally, extending to Arabia.
a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad sk.
Senegambia.
Goree.
Sierra Leone.
Major Ricketts [P.].
Sir E. Sabine [P.".
H. F. Blissett, Esq.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Juv. sk.
L Ad. sk.
k. & ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
m, n. cS ? ad.;
o. Juv. sk.
Elmina, April (H.F.BHssett).
Gold Coast (H. T. Ussker).
River Volta, Aug. (H. T.
Ussher).
Lagos.
River Niger.
Shonga, R. Niger.
Niam-Niam Country.
Abyssinia.
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Sharpe ColL
Gould Coll.
F. Nicholbon, Esq.
[P.].
Forbes Coll.
F. Bohndorff [C.J.
Sharpe Coll.
p7 q, r. Ad. sk. Achor, Bogos-Land (Bsler). Sharpe and Shelley
Colls.
s. S ad. sk.
t. S ad. sk.
u. cT ad. sk.
i\ tf ad. sk.
"Waliko, Bogos, Aug. 3 ( W.
Jesse).
Ain, Boa-os, July 6 (W. J.).
Am, July 6 (IT. J".).
Keren, July 17.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
to. $ ad. sk. Ailat, June 27. T\.T. Blanford, Esq.
\0.\
x. Ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk.
z. Ad. sk.
a'. Ad. sk.
b\ Ad. sk.
Fazogloa.
Shoa (Si? W. C. Harris).
Mombasa (Wakefield).
Lamu (Sir J. Kirk).
Fungarthoombo, Jan.
Gould ColL
India Museum.
Sharpe ColL
Shelley ColL
F. J. Jackson, Esq.
e', <$ ad. sk. Doruma, Jan. Dr.HildebrandtFC.l
d\ e'. Ad. sk.
/' . Ad. sk.
g'. Imm. sk.
Masai-Land (J. Thompson).
Pangani River (Sir J. Kirk).
Ellima-njaro.
Shelley ColL
Shelley ColL
H. C. V. Hunter,
Esq. (P.}.
Subsp. a. Halcyon erythrogaster.
Crab-eating Kingfisher, var. /3, Lath. Gen. Sun. i. pt. 2, p. 169
(1782).
Alcedo senegalensis, var. y, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 456 (1788).
Alcedo senegalensis, var. bt Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 249 (1790); Bonn.
et Vieill. JSnc. MSth. L p. 283 (1823).
Halcyon erythrogastra, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 22; id. Voy.c Beagle,"
16 . HALCYON.
235
Birds, y. 41 (1841); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (184G, pt.); Sharpe,
Ibis, 1869, p. 282 ; id. Monogr. Alced. p. 171, pi. 63 (1870).
Alcedo erythrogaster, Temm. Tail. Mcth. p. 75 (1837).
Halcyon jagoensis, Darwin, Voy. 'Beagle,' i. p. 2 (1839).
Alcedo cancrophaga (nee Lath.), Forst. JDescr. Anim. p. 4 (1844),
Dacelo jagoensis, Bolle, J.f. 0. 18*50, p. 23.
Halcyon ruflventris (nee 8w.)} Bolle, J f. 0. 1857, p. 319 ; Bocage,
Jorn. Lisb. i. p. 134 (1866).
Dacelo semicserulea (nee Forst). Schl. Mm. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 29
(1863, pt.).
Dacelo rufiventris (nee Sw.), Keulem. Nat. Tijdsehr. Dierk. iii. p. 366
(1866).
Adult. Similar to H. semicceruleus, but larger ; bill and feet rich,
sealing-wax red. Total length 9 inches, culmen 1*8, wing 4, tail
2-7, tarsus 0*45.
Young. Similar to the young of B. semicceruleus; bill blackish.
This is nothing but a large insular race of H. semicceruleus, scarcely
worthy of recognition. The characters which I formerly depended
upon to separate the two species, such as the whiteness of the head
&c, are of no value, as is proved by the larger series of skins which
I have since been able to examine.
Hah* Island of St. Jago, Cape Yerde Islands.
a.
Ad. sk. S. Jago, Jan. 4 (C. Darwin: Grould Coll.
Voy. H.M.S. l Beagle '). (Type of species.)
a<l-fek.
b, c. <$ J S. Jago (J. G. Keulemans)* Sharpe Coll.
d. $ ad. &k. S. Jago (/. G. Keulemans). Tweeddale Coll.
e,f. Ad. et juv. sk. S. Jago. M. Bouvier [P.l
g, h. Ad. sk. Porto Praya, S. Jago. Voy. H.M.S. < Challenger.'
I Ad. sk. Porto Praya *. Mr. Mildmay [P.].
8. Halcyon pallidiventris.
Halcyon semicserulea (nee Forsk), Uartl. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 88; Monteiro,
t. c. p. 94 (Benguela); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 173, pi. 64,
fig. juv. (1870) j Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam.-Ld. p. 57 (1872 :
Ondonga); Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. pp. 114, 807 (1875-84);
Bocage, Om Angola, p. 102 (1877); Sharpe in Oates1 Matabele-
Ld., App. p. 303 (1881); Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 244 (Umvuli
River) ; Buttik. Notes Ley den Mus. xi. p. 67 (1889: Ganibos and
Upper Cunene).
Halcyon pallidiventris, Cab. J.f O. 1880, p. 349 (Talk Magongo);
Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 538 (1881); MatscMe, J. f 0.1887, p. 151
(Qua Mpara).
Adult female. Similar to the female of ff. semicceruleus, but with
the abdomen, under tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts and axillaries
orange-rufous instead of chestnut. Total length 7*2 inches,
culmen 1*6, wing 4*1, tail 2% tarsus 0*45.
* This is the " Port Boesja, Western Africa," of the Museum Catalogue of
' Fissirostres/ p. '33.
236 ALCEDINIDJE.
Young. Differs in the same way as the young of H. semicceruleus:
" bill orange-red, black at tip and base, feet dark purplish brown,
orange at the back of the feet and soles; iris dark hazelJ? (F. Oates).
Hab. South Africa, from the Transvaal to Central East Africa, and
to Benguela and Ovampo-Land on the west.
a. Imm. sk. Gernak, Matabele-Land (F. Oates). W.E.&C.G-.Oates,
Esqrs. [P.].
b. 5 acl. sk. Um\ uli River, Mashona-Land, Oct. 2 Shelley Coll.
(J. S. Jameson).
c. 2 ad. sk. Potchefotroom, Transvaal, Sept. 21 Gurnev Coll.
( T. Ay res).
d. J imm.sk. Ondonga, Ovampo-Land, Dec. 22 (C. Sharpe Coll.
J. Andersson).
e. Imm. sk. Benguela. Monteiro Coll.
9. Halcyon albiventris.
Martin-pecheur de lisle de Lucon, Sonii. Voy. Xouv. Gain. p. 65,
pi. 31 (1776).
Alcedo albiventris, Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insub. ii. p. 90 (1786).
Alcedo atricapilla, var. (nee Gm.), Lath. Inrl. Orn. i. p. 252 (1790).
Dacelo striata, Drap. Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat. x. p. 223 (lc2u); id.
Diet. CUm. Sci. Nat. vii. p. 156 (1841).
Dacelo vaillanti, Temm. 3ISS. in Mus. Lug J.
Dacelo fuscicapilla, Lafr. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1833, pi. IS.
Halcyon fuscicapilla, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 71) (18-40); id. List Fissir.
Brit. Mm. p. 54 (1848); Bp. Cmsp. i. p. 154 (18-10); Cass. Cat.
Hale. Bxilad. Mus. p. 8 (1852); Gurney, Ibis, 1859, p. 243 (Natal),
1800, p. 204; La yard, B. S. Afr. p. 63 (1807); Sharpe, Ibis, 1&69,
p. 277; Gray, Iland-l B. i. p. 91, no. 1092 (1-09).
Chelicutia fuscicapilla, Reich end. Handb., Alced. p. 39, Taf. 424.
figs. 3152-53 (1851) ; Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 0 (1854).
Halcyon vaillanti, Miill. J.f. 0. 18o5, p. 7.
Halcyon albiventris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); Finsch, J. f. 0.
1867, p. 323 (Natal); Sharpe, Ibis, 1809, p. 282; Ayres, t. c.
p. 290 (Limpopo); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 177, pi. G5 (1870) ;
Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 304 (Transvaal); Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. G8
(Natal); Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. pp. 115, 807 (1875-84);
Barrait, Ibis, 1870, p. 198 (Lydenburg); Ayres, Ibi% 1879, p. 292
("Rustenburer) ; Sharpe in Gates'' Matahele-Land, App. p. 303
(1881) ; Holub fy Feb. Beitr. Orn. SMafr. p. 63 (1882) ; Butter,
Feilden, Sf Reid, ZooL 1882, p. 207 (Ladysniith).
Alcedo fuscicapilla, Grill, ZooL Anteckn. pp. 11,40 (1859 : Knysna).
Paguruthera fuscicapilla, Cab. <§• Seine, Mus. Hein. Th, ii. p. 153
(1860).
Dacelo albiventris, SchL Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 31 (1863) ; id.
Revue, p. 21 (1874).
Adult male. Mantle, scapulars, and wing-coverts black; entire
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts light cobalt; tail light greenish
cobalt, with black shaft-lines and dusky margins to the feathers;
bastard-wing and primary-coverts cobalt-blue, dusky at the ends;
quills blackish, blue for more than the basal third, the inner web
ochrcous buff for the most part; secondaries almost entirely blue,
16 . HALCYON-.
237
dusky at the ends• crown of head dark brown, with darker shaft-
stripes ; a broad line of ashy whitish from the base of the nostrils
above the eye, fading off into ashy brown above the ear-coverts,
the latter as well as the lores brown with darker shaft-lines• round
the hind neck a broad collar of isabelline white, with dusky shaft-
lines, wbich are more distinct on the centre of the hind neck ;
cheeks and sides of neck also whitish like the hind neck• throat
and breast pure white : fore neck and chest pale ochreous buff, with
dark brown shaft-lines to the feathers, and a patch of dark brown
on each side of the upper breast; sides of body, abdomen, thighs,
and under tail-coverts deep ochreous buff, the flanks streaked with
dark brown ; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and quill-lining brighter
ochreous buff: " bill crimson, black towards the tip ; feet dark red ;
iris dark brown " (T. Ayres). Total length 9 inches, culmen 2-15,
wing 4*2, tail 1*8, tarsus 0*55.
Adult female. Much duller in colour than the male, the back,
scapulars, and wing-coverts being brown instead of black• the blue
of the back, wings, and tail being greener and less bright• the
head much browner than that of the male, and the whitish parts of
the hind neck and sides of neck shaded with buff or rufous-buff,- the
buff of the fore neck and chest and sides of body much more pronounced
and more rufescent, with broad blackish-brown streaks
along the centre of the feather. Total length 9 inches, culmen 2,
wing 4-2, tail 2'8, tarsus 0*55.
Young. Bill black, reddish towards the base; otherwise like the
adults, but the blue duller and the brown of the head darker and
more uniform; the collar round the neck ashy whitish with a
fulvous tinge, the sides of the neck broadly streaked with black;
under surface white, streaked with blackish on the breast and sides
of the body, the feathers also freckled with dusky fringes and
barrings; the flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts pale ochreous buff.
In the Transvaal from Potchefstroom to the Zambesi Kegion, and
in Swazi-Land, is found a pale race of this species, wherein every
part of the under surface is lighter than in examples from the Cape
Colony. The streaks on the flanks are much narrower, and the
birds are generally intermediate between H. albivmtris and H. orientalis,
I should have separated these birds as a subspecies of
H. albiventris but for two reasons. One is that Andersson's Knysna
specimen is as pale as any of the Transvaal birds, and secondly that
the true dark-coloured Cape form extends into the Transvaal.
Hence it may be inferred that the differences are due to climatic
causes.
Hab. South Africa, from the Cape Colony to Natal and the
Eastern Transvaal.
a, b. Ad, et juv. sk. South Africa. Skarpe Coll.
c-h, S S ad. sk. South Africa (JE. L, Layard: Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.).
i, Juv. sk. South Africa. Purchased.
h.
<$ ad. sk. Knysna, Feb. 17 (C. J. Anders- Sharpe Coll.
son).
238 ALCEBINID^.
/. Imm. sk.
m, n. J $ ad. sk.
George (H. Atmore).
Elands Post, S.E. Africa, June(T. C. Atmore).
Sharpe Coll.
Shelley Coll.
o. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
q, r. Ad. sk.
s,t. ($2 &&-s^*
u. S ad. sk.
#. $ imm. sk.
Durban, March 21 (G. E. S.).
Pinetown, March 14 (G. E. S.).
Zulu-Land (Gordge).
Transvaal, July (T. E. Buckley).
Transvaal (T. Ayres).
Rustenburg, Aug. 27 (T. Ayres),
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Shelley CoU.
Shelley Coll.
Gurney Coll.
a. Pale race.
*/, z, a'. (^ ad. sk.
6'. d ad. sk.
Swazi-Land, July (T. E. Buckley).
Transvaal (71 Ayres).
Crocodile Rher, July (F. Oates).
Shelley Coll
Sharpe Coll.
W. E. & C. G.
c'-/. Ad. sk. Makalaka Country (Dr. Brad-
Oates, Esqrs.
Shelley Coll.
shaw).
10. Halcyon orientalis.
Halcyon
orientalis, Peters, J. f 0. 18£8, p. 134 (Mozambique);
Gray, Ha?id-L B. i. p. 91, no. 1094 (18G9) j Sharpe, Monogr. Alced.
p. 181, pi. G6 (1869); Fimch $ Hartl. Tog. Ostafr. p. 102 (1870);
Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr. pp. 116, 807 (1875); id. § Bouvier,
Bull Soc. ZooL France, i. p. 303 (1876: Landana); Beichen. J.f O.
1877, p. 20 (Loango); Fischer $ Beichen. J. f O. 1878, p. 255 ;
Fischer, t. c. p. 288 ; id. J.f. 0.1879, p. 293 ; Bocage, Orn. Angola,
p. 538 (1881: Caconda)• Shelley, P.Z. S. lbSl, p. 507 (Lamo) ;
Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 124 (Mombasa); Shelley, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 302
(Rovuma River); Bohm, J. f. O. 1883, p. 172 (Kirosa) ; Fischer,
Zeitschr. yes. Orn. i. p. 301 (1884: Pan<rani); Shelley, P. Z. S. 1885,
p. 223 (Kilimanjaro); Fischer, J. f 6. 1885, p. 128 (Osi Delta) ;
Matschie, J.f O. 1887, p. 151 (Qwa Mpasa); Beichen. t. c. p. 300
(Manyanga), p. 304 (Leopoldville); Sauza, Jom. Lish. (2) i. p. 43
(1889: Angola); Beichen. J.f 0.1889, p. 279 (Mki^ini, Usegua,
Quiliniane)!
Pagurothera orientalis, Cab. in Von der Beckett's Beis. iii. p. 36 (1869 :
Mombasa); id. J.f O. 1878, p. 235 (Mombasa coast); Schalow,
J.f O. 1883, p. 350 (Kirosa).
Adult male. Similar to H. albiveniris, but much winter below, with.
only a little tinge of pale ochreous buff on the sides of the body and
under tail-coverts; stripes on the flanks and breast faintly marked
or entirely absent: " bill red; feet coral-red; iris reddish brown "
(O. A, Fischer). Total length 8 inches, culmen 1*7, wing 3m55,
tail 2*4, tarsus 0-55.
Adult female. Differs from the male in the same way that the
hen of H. albiventris differs from its male, viz. in the browner back
and head, and the greener colour of the blue on the back, wings,
and tail. Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 1*7, wing 3*85, tail 2*4,
tarsus 0*5.
Hab. Eastern Africa, from Mombasa to the interior. Re-occurring
on the West Coast in the Congo region.
16 . HALCYON.
239
a. Ad. sk. Mombasa (Von derJDecken), Sharpe Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Mombasa. Bev. A. F. Buxton
[P.].
c. c? ad. sk. Mombasa, July 12 (Dr. Slielley Coll.
Fischer).
d,e. $ $ ad. sk. Mombasa, July, Aug. Dr. Hildebrandt[C.].
/ . Ad. sk. Lamo (Sir J. Kirk). Slielley Coll.
g. S ad. sk. Kilimanjaro, 5000 feet. H. H. Johnston, Esq.
[C.].
h, i,k. Ad. sk. Bovuma River (J. Thomson). Slielley Coll.
/. <S ad. sk. Landana, Lower Congo (L. Shelley Coll.
Petit).
11. Halcyon chelicutensis.
Alcedo chelicuti, Stanley in SaWsExped. Abxjss., App. p. lvi (1834)*;
Riipp. Neue Wirb., Vog. p. 68 (1855).
Libyan Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Hist. iv. p. 32 (1822).
Alcedo striolata, Licht. Verz. Boubl. p. 12 (1823).
Alcedo variegata, Bonn, et VieilL Enc. Meth. i. p. 397 (1823).
Dacelo pygmoea, Cretzsahm. in Riipp. Atlas, tab. 28. fig. B (1826).
Halcyon chelicuti, Hartl. Verz. Br em. Samml. p. 13 (1844); Rupp.
Sgst. Uebers. p. 23 (1845); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); Guerin
8f Lafr. in Ferr. 8f Galin. Voy. Abyss, iii. p. 248 (1847); Heitgl.
Syst Uebers. p. 18 (1856); id. Ibis, 1859, p. 329; ScL P. Z. S.1864,
p. Il l (Bogue); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 91, no. 1090 (1869); Ayres,
Ibis, 1879, p. 293 (Bustenburg); Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxxi.
p. 608 (1881: Lado); Holub fy Pelz. Beitr. Orn. Sildafr. p. 63
(1882); Tristr. Ibis, 1889, p. 225 (Kikombo).
Halcyon striolata, Gray, List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 54 (1848); Bp.
Consp. i. p. 154 (1850); Cass. Cat Hale. p. 9 (1852); Hartl. Orn.
Westafr.^. 31 (1857); id. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 104; Heugl.in Peterm.
Mitth. p. 21 (1862); Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 325 (Zambesi); Layard,
B. 8. Afr. p. 64 (1867).
Halcyon pygmsea, Bp, Consp. i. p. 154 (1850); ScL Contr. Orn. 1852,
p. 124 (Bed Sea coast); Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 28 (1864:
Gazelle Biver) ; Hartm. J.f.O. 1866, p. 200; Bekken. J.f. 0.
1877, p. 20 (Loango).
Ghelicutia striolata, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 39, Taf. 424. fig. 3155
(1851); Bp. Consp. Vol Anis. p. 9 (1851).
Chelicutia pygmsea, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 38, Taf. 424. fig. 3154
(1851) ; Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 9 (1854).
Halcyon damarensis, StricH. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 153; Chapm, Trav.
*
S. Afr. ii. App. p. 409 (1868); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 91, no. 1093
(1869).
Pagurothexa chelicuti, Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 152
(1860).
Pagurotkera variegata, Cab. fy Heine, t. c. p. 152 (1860).
Dacelo chelicuti, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 32 (1863); id.
Revue, p. 21 (1874).
Dacelo striolata, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 32 (1863); id.
Reme, p. 21 (1874).
Halcyon wiegata, Hartl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 105 (Kazeh); Gray,
Hand-l. B i. p. 91, no. 1091 (1869).
* Misprinted "Alaudo " !
240 ALCEBINTDJE.
Halcyon ckelicutensis, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1369, p. 569; id. Ibis, 1869,
p/283; Finsch Sf Hartl Vdg. Osfafr. p. 103 (1873); Sharpe,
yionogr. Alced, p. 183, pi. 67 (1870); Gfurney in Anderss. B. Dam.-
Zd. p.'57 (1862); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 712 (Mombasa); Buckley',
Ibis, 1874, p. 365 (Transvaal); Sharpe, ed. Bayard's B. S. Afr.
pp. 117, 807 (1875-84) ; Socage, Or/2. Angola, p. 101 (1877);
iXichols. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 354 (Dar-e*-Salaani); Cab. J.f O. 1875,
p. 235; Fischer $ Reichen. t e. p.*2Zo*, iid. J.f O. 1879, p. 344
(Malindi); Sharpe in Gates' Matabele-Ld., App. p. 303 (1681);
Gumey, Ibis, 1881, p. 124; Shelley, P.Z. S. 1861, p. 5t>7 (Melindi,
Pansrani, Usambara Alts.); id. Ibis, 18^2. p. 244 (Uinvuli H.);
Bbhm, J.f.O. 1883, p. 172 (Kakoma) ; Hartl. Abhandl nat. Ver.
Brem. viii. p. 207 (1883: Wakkala) ; Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Soc,
Zool. xvii. p. 435 (1884 : Bern Bakir) ; Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Or a.
I. p. 361 (1884: Zanzibar, Pangani, Arabella, Xahvascha); id.
J.f. 0. 1885, p. 126 (Wapokumo-Land); Hartert, J.f. 0. 1886,
p. 595 (Loko) j Oust. Bibl. haut. Etudes, xxxi. art. x. p. 3 (1886 :
Somali) j Reichen. J. f O. 1887, p 60 (Usandawi, Wembaere,
Usegua); yiatschie, f. c. p. 151 (Lualaba, Luvule); Reichen. t. c.
p. 304 (Leopoldville); Sauza, Jorn. Lisb. xL pp. 83, 158 (1887);
Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 297 (Tangaxii); id. P. Z. S. 1889, >. 537
(Useri River); Reichen. J.f.O. 1889, p. 275 (Quilimane, Mbusini,
Usegua); Souza, Jorn, List. (2) i. p. 44 (1889: Huilla).
Dacelo tschellcutensis, Heugl Orn. X.O.-Afr. i. p. 192 (1869).
Adult male. Head light brown, the feathers broadly streaked down
the centre with darker brown ; a distinct eyebrow of sandy buff: a
streak above the ear-coverts black, as also a collar round the hinder
part of the head; sides of neck and a collar round the hind neck buffy
white, with edges and streaks of blackish brown ; mantle, scapulars,
and wing-coverts brown, the latter with lighter margins, a few edged
with greenish blue among the inner series of lesser coverts; entire
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts light cobalt; tail-feathers greenish
blue, edged with dusky blackish and with a blackish shaft; bastard-
wing, primary-coverts, and quills greenish cobalt, the latter dusky
blackish on the inner webs and towards the end of the feathers, with
white bases; cheeks and ear-coverts ochreous but?, narrowly streaked
with blackish shaft-lines ; throat white ; remainder of under surface
of body ochreous buff, deepening on the flanks and under tail-coverts,
the feathers of the fore neck and breast varied with narrow fringes
and shaft-lines of black to each feather; sides of body more broadly
streaked with black ; under wing-coverts and axillaries white,
slightly tinged with buff; base of quills also white; lower primary-
coverts black, forming a patch : " bill reddish brown on the upper
mandible and orange-red on the lower one; feet yellowish; iris
claret-coloured" (O, J. Andersson). Total length 6*5inches, culmeri
1*3, wing 2*95, tail 1#7, tarsus 0*4,
Young. Similar to the adult, but more thickly marked below with
dusky streaks and edgings to the feathers, these markings extending
further down the breast than in the older birds. The colours are
also everywhere duller.
The southern birds are the largest and also the palest in colour
below, with more white edgings to the wing-coverts and a somewhat
16. HALCY0K. Ml
larger white speculum at the base of the primaries. Every gradation,
however, seems to take place with the northern birds, which
incline to deeper ochreous buff on the under surface and are generally
rather darker and brighter in colour.
Hal. The greater part of Africa.
a. Ad. sk.
b-d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
g-h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
*. $ ad. sk.
/, m. $ ad. sk.
n. 5 ad. sk.
o, p. S ad. sk.
q. d ad. sk.
r. <$ ad. sk.
s. $ ad. sk.
t, u. cJ ad. sk.
v, w. Ad. sk.
,r. Ad. sk.
y. S ad. sk.
a. $ ad. sk.
a', b\ c? $ ad.
sk.
cf. $ ad. sk.
d',e'. Ad.;/'7c\
Juv, sk.
r. Ad. sk.
m'. Ad. sk.
ra\ Ad. sk.
o',»'. Ad. sk.
q', r'. Ad. sk.
$', tr. Ad. sk.
&'. Ad. sk.
v'. $ ad. sk.
to'. Ad. sk.
#'. Ad. sk.
y'. <$ ad. sk.
z'. Ad. sk.
a"-c". Ad. sk.
d". Ad. sk.
Bissao, Gambia (Beaudoum).
Bathurst, Gambia (Quin :
Sharpe Coll.).
Fantee.
Accra, April (J. Smith).
Lower Congo.
Loanda (J. Thompson),
Gallingo; Loanda, Sept. 2
(Salci),
Ambriz, Angola (Monteiro).
River Quanza,Nov. (Monteiro).
Capangombe, Dec. (Anchieta).
Elephant Vley, Damara-Land,
Sept. 19 (C, J. Andersson).
Elephant Vley, Sept. 8 (C.
J. A..).
Hykomkap, May 18 (C. J. A.).
Kurrichaine (J. Verreaux).
Kurrichaine.
Pretoria {T. Pratt).
Transvaal, July 13 (T. E.
Buckley).
Limpopo River (T. Ayres).
Limpopo River, July (F.
Oates).
Rustenburg,E. Transvaal, July
27 (T. Ayres).
Makalaka Country (Dr. Brad
shaw).
Zanzibar (Sir J. Kirk).
Dar-es-Salaam (E.C, Buvton).
Pangani River (Sir J. Kirk).
Melinda (Sir J. Kirk).
Lamu, Aug.
Mombasa (Rev. T. Wakefield).
Mombasa.
Useri River, July 6,
Masai-Land (J. Thomson),
Dembakir, Niam-Niam Coun
try, May.
Abyssinia.
Abyssinia.
Demben, Bogos-Land (Esler).
Senegal.
(Type of
Sharpe Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Commander Sperling
[P.].
Shelley Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Sharpe and Shelley
Colls.
Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Sir A. Smith [0.].
Sharpe Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
W. E. & C. G. Oates,
Esqrs. [P.].
Gurney Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.
JF. J. Jackson, Esq.
[p.].
Sharpe Coll.
Rev. A. F. Buxton
[P-l.
H. C. V. Hunter,
Esq. [P.].
Shelley Coll.
F.BohndorrTfC.].
Sharpe Coll.
Dr. Ruppell [C.].
Shelley Coll.
Riocour Coll.
A. variegate^ Vieillol),
VOL. XVII,
2^'J
ALGEDISIDJS.
12. Halcyon irroratus.
Haleyc
'O?ISJL>. i. p. loo (1850); Cass. Cat. Male. Phil. Jim. p.
Gurnet/, Ibis, 18(55, p. 205 (Xatal)* Bayard, B. 8. Afr. p. 83 (1867);
Gray, Mand-l. B. i. p. 91, no. 1088 (18(59); Sharpe^ Jlonoc/r. Alced.
p. Ib7, pi. 03 (1869; ; id. ed. Bayard's B. 8. Afr. p. 119 (1875); Cab.
J.f. 0. lbTS, p. 235 (E. Africa); Shelby} P. Z. S. 18S1, p. 566
(ikino, Melindi, Pangani); Gumey, Ibis, 1882, p. 72 (Mombasa).
Halcyon irrorata, Reichenb. Mandb., Alced. p. 11, Taf. 400. fig. 3078,
Tat*. 401. ilii. 3079 (1851) ; Cab. in Von der Deckens Revs. iii. p. 36
(180b: Mozambique); Finsch 4* MariL Tog. Osiafr. p. 159 (1870) j
Fischer §• Ileiehea. J.f.O. 1878, p. 255 (Mombasa); Fischer, t. e.
p. 28b; atf. # Beichen. J.f. 0.1879, p. 343 (Malindi); J&'/WH, Jf 0.
1883, p. 172 (Zanzibar); Fischer, Zeitschr. yes. Or a. Lp. 361 (1884:
Pangani); id. J. f. 0. 1885, p. 126 (Little Aruscha; Osai River);
Beichen. J.f 0,1889, p. 275 (Quilimane).
Canerophaga senegaloides, Bp. Consjy. Vol. Anis. p. 9 (1854),
Halcyon senegalensis {nee B.)f Shelley, Ibis, 1868, p. 297 (Manda
Island).
Adult. Similar to M. cyanoleucus, and haying a greenish-bine wash
on the head, but distinguished by its entirely red bill; the under
surface is white, with faint grey frecklings on the breast and sides
of body: " bill scarlet; feet dull purplish red; iris dark brown *'
(Sir A. Smith). Total length 9 inches, culmen 2*05, wing 3*9, tail
-2*4, tarsus 0*55.
Bab. East Africa, from Natal along the coast to the Zanzibar
district.
a. Ad. sk. Natal. Tweeddale Efoll.
b, e. (S § ad. jd. Ad. sk.
Durban, Xatal, Feb, (Gordye). Shelley Coll.
e. Ad. &k. Zambesi. Sir John Kirk ""P.".
/ , g. Ad. sk.
h, i. Ad. sk.
Lamo (Sir J. Kirk).
Pangani (Sir J Kirk).
Shelley Coll.
Shelley Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Usambara MountainsJ. Kirk).
(Sir Shelley Coll.
I, m. Ad. sk.
w, o. 9 ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
Melindi (Sir J. Kirk).
Manda Island.
Mombasa.
Shelley Coll.
F. J. Jackson, Esq.
[P.].
Itev. A. F. Buxton
[*•]•
13. Halcyon senegalensis.
Le Grand Martin Pescheur du SSnSgaL Briss. Orn* iv. p. 494, pi. 40.
fig. 1 (1760).
Alcedo senegalensis, Binn. Syst Nat. i. p. 180 (1766)* Gm. Syst. Nat.
i. p. 455 (1788); Bonn, et Vieill. Ene. Meth. i. p. 283 (1823).
Martin-pecheur a tete grise de S&negal, JDaubent. PL Bnl. viii.
pi. 594.
Le Martin pecheur a tete grise, Buff. Mist. Nat Ois. vii. p. 194
(1780).
Crab-eating Kingfisher,
var. A, Bath. Gen. Sim. i. pt. 2, p. 618
(1782).
16 . HAXCYOfc. 243
Dacelo senegalensis, less. Traite, p. 247 (1831); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Aleed. p. SO (1863); id. Bevue, p. 21 (1874): Hengl. Orn. N.O.-
Afr. i. p. 191 (1809).
Halcyon senegalensis, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 97 (1837); Jarcl Ann.
§ Mag. N. Hist, xvii. p. 86 (1846: "River Bonny); Gray, Gen. B.
i. p. 79 (1846) ; id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 53 (1848); Guer.
$* Lafr. in Ferr. et Galin. Voy. Abyss, iii. p. 248 (1847); Bp. Consp.
i. p. 155 (1850); Very. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 266 (Gaboon);
Reichenb. Handb. p. 11, Taf. 400. kg. 3077 (1851); Cass. Cat. Sale.
Phil Mus. p. 8 (1852); id, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1856, p. 320; Earth
Dm. W.-Arf p. 31 (1857) j Cass. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, p. 33
(Camma River); Heine, J. f. 0.1860, p. 187; Cab. § Heine, Mus.
Hem. Th. ii. p. 153 (1860); Hartl. J. f 0.1861, p. 104; id.
P. Z. S. 1863, p. 105 (Kazeh); 8cl P. Z. S. 1864, p. Il l (Meninga);
Ant in. Cat. descr. XIcc. p. 28 (1864); Hartm. J.f.O. 1866, p. 201;
Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 90, no. 1081 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869,
p. 568; id. Monogr. Alced. p. 191, pi. 70 (1870); Finsch, Trans.
Z. 8. vii. p. 221 (1870); id. $ Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 157 (1870);
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 145,149; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 484 (Fantee);
id. P. Z. S.1871, p. 603 j Beichen. J. f, 0.1875, pp. 14,49 (Cameroons;
Wuri); id. J. f. 0.1877, p. 20 (Loango); Sharpe, ed, Bayard) s
B. 8. Afr. pp. 121, 808 (1875-84); Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 101
(1877); Nichols. P.Z.8. 1878, p. 331 (Abeokuta); Oust. Nouv.
Arch. Mus. (2) ii. Bull. p. 79 (1879: Doume); Hartl. Abhandl
nat. Ver. Bremen, vii. p. 110 (1881: Lack)); Pels. Verh.z.~b. Ges.
Wim, xxxi. p. 608 (1881)*; Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 551 (Shonga);
Bohm, J.f. 0.1883, p. 173 (habits); Schahio, t. c. p. 349; Forbes
Ibis, 1883, p. 523; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. (2) i. p. 114
(1884: Shoa); Bo'hm, J.f O. 1885, pp. 47, 57 (Gonda); MUik.
Notes Leyd. Mus. vii. p. 161 (1885 : Liberia), viii. p. 249 (1886),
x. p. 70 (1888); Uartert, J. f. O. 1886, p. 595 (Loko); Beichen.
J.f.O. 1887, p. 60 (Simiu River); Matschie, t. e. pp. 140, 151
" (Tanganyika, Lualaba) ; Beichen. t. c. p. 300 (Manyanga), p. 307
(Kibongi); Souza, Jorn. Lisb. xi. p. 158 (Angola); id. op. cit. (2)
i. p. 114 (1889: Katuuibella); Beichen. J f O. 1890, p. 116
(Cameroons).
Cancrophaga senegalensis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 9 (1854).
Halcyon cancrophaga {nee Bath.), Heugl. Syst. Vebers. p. 18 (1856).
Halcyon cyanoleuca (nee V.), Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii. p. 435
(1884),
Adult male. Head brown, as also the mantle, but the latter a little
washed with greenish blue; the back, scapulars, rump, and upper
tail-coverts bright greenish cobalt}; wing-coverts black; a few
exterior median coverts, bastard-wing, and primary-coverts bright
greenish cobalt, as well as the quills externally, the latter black
towards the ends and having a white patch on the inner web ; tail-
feathers greenish blue with black shafts, all but the centre ones
blackish along their inner web; lores blackish, surmounted by a
white eyestreak, which extends from the base of the nostril to above
the ear-coverts, where it becomes ashy ; sides of face and ear-eoverts
ashy grey, finely dusted with dusky vermiculations, like the sides of
the neck, breast, and sides of body, all these parts also showing a
slight greenish lustre under certain lights; anterior part of cheeks,
throat, abdomen, thighs, and under tail-coverts white, as also
E2
244 AtOEDINIDJE.
the under wing-coverts, axillaries, and inner lining of the quills •
" upper mandible and under mandible black; feet blackish; iris
brown" (E. Eartcrt). Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 1*8, wing
44 , tail 2-85, tarsus 05 .
Adult female. Does not differ from the male in colour: "upper
mandible bright red, lower mandible jet-black; feet black, soles
red; iris brown " (W. A. Forbes). Total length 9 inches, culmen
1*85, wing 4*15, tail 2*6, tarsus 0*5.
Young. Similar to the adult, but duller in colour ; the head, however,
washed with greenish blue, and the sides of the face, lower
throat, breast, and flanks thickly freckled with ashy cross lines, over
which a greenish lustre prevails: bill entirely black, save for a
reddish or yellowish tinge at the base and at the tip.
Hab. TVest Africa from Senegambia to Benguela, throughout the
Congo region to N.E. Africa.
a. Ad.; 5. Juv.
sk.
River Gambia. Skarpe Coll.
c. Juv. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e, f. Ad.;
Juv. sk.
g.
River Gambia.
Goree.
Sierra Leone.
Sir A. Moloney fP.1
Sir E. Sabine
Sir E. Sabine ®.
h. Ad. sk. Ashantee. Gould Coll.
i, 7c, I. Ad. sk. Fantee (JET. T. Ussher), Shelley Coll.
m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
o, p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
Fantee (JET. T. Ussher).
Ehnina (H. F. JBUssett).
River Volta (H. T. Ussher).
iVbeokuta.
Sharps Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Skarpe Coll.
F. Nicholson,
[P.].
Esq.
r. Ad. sk.
s. tf ad.; t, u. 2
Lagos.
Skouga, R. Niger (W. A. F.).
Sir A. Moloney FR].
Forbes Coll. 1 *" "
ad. et imm. sk.
v, w. <$ ad. sk. Rio del Rey, CameroonsJET. Johnston).
(M. Shelley Coll.
i. Cameroons Mountains, Jan. 20
(A, Crosshy).
Skarpe Coll.
sk.
c.
k.
i.
Gaboon,
Gaboon {Du Chaillu).
Kabinda, Congo, Aug.
Loanda (T. Thompson).
Skarpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Commander Sperling
[P.].
Shelley Coll.
e\ 2 ad. sk.
d\ e'. Ad. sk.
Ambriz, Dec.
River Quanza, April and May
(J. J. Monteiro).
Monteiro Coll.
Skarpe Coll.
/' . $ ad. sk.
g'. S ad. sk.
ti. d ad. sk.
Rio Dande, July 10 (Stdd).
Eatenbella, Benguela, Nov. 30
(Sala).
Juku, Niam Niam, May.
Skarpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
F.Bohndorfx[C.].
?'. Ad. sk. "White Nile (ConsulPetherick). Skarpe Coll.
k'. Ad. sk. Khartoum. Gould Coll.
l\ ? ad. sk. Maragaz, Bogos, July 29 ( W. Skarpe Coll.
Skeleton. Gaboon. Eyton Coll.
16 . HALCYON.
215
Subsp. a- Halcyon cyanoleucus.
Martin pecheur a ventre sable, Temm. Cat. Syst p. 215 (1807).
Alcedo cyanoleuca, Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xix. p. 401 (1818 :
Angola); Bonn, et Vieill JEnc. MSth i. p. 394 (1823).
Halcyon cyanoleuca, Hartl. Contr, Orn. 1849, p. 20; id. Orn. IV.-
Afr. p. 31 (1857); Gurnet/, Ibis, 1868, p. 205 (Monocusi R.);
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 568 (Angola); id. Ibis, 1869, p. 282;
id. Monogr. Alced. p. 189, pi. 69 (1869); id. Ibis, 1870, p. 484
(Fantee)-id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 603 (Cameroons) • Gumey in
Anderss. B. Dam.-Zd. p. 56 (1872); Shelley Sf Buckley, Ibis, 1872,
p. 286 (Fantee) ; Buckley, Ibis, 1874, p. 365 (Limpopo)• Sharpe,
ed. Zaijard's B. S. Afr. pp. 120, 808 (1875-84); Socage, Orn.
Angola, p. 100 (1877) ; Sharpe in Oates's Matabele-Zd., App. Birds,
p. 303 (1881: Nata River) ; Buttik. Notes Leyden Mas. vii. p. 162
(1885: S. Paul's River); id. op. cit xi. p. 67 (1889: Ganibos);
Shelley, Ibis, 1890, p. 167 (Aruwhimi Eiver) ; Sharpe in Jameson s
Hist. Rear Column, p. 400 (1890).
Cancrophaga cyanoleuca, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 9 (1854).
Halcyon
senegalensis (nee Z.), Mont. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 94 (Benguela);
Gurney, Ibis, I860, p. 265 (Monocusi R.); Layard, B. S.
Afr. p. 62 (1867); Blanf. Geol. % Zool. Abyss, p. 323 (1870);
Holub Sf Feb. Beitr. Orn. Sildafr. p. 62 (1882).
Adult male. Similar to H. senegalensis, but having the whole
head and mantle light greenish blue like the rest of the back* sides
of the face also washed with the samo light blue, and a faint shade
of the same colour overspreading the breast, sides of body, and
especially the under tail-coverts; the white eyebrow very distinct
; " the upper mandible red, and the lower black; tarsi and
feet black; iris dusky" (T. Ayres). Total length 8-5 inches,
culmen 1*95, wing 4*6, tail 2'5, tarsus 0*5.
The distinctness of this species from H. senegalensis still remains
one of those points on which I am not satisfied. In specimens from
Gaboon and the adjoining countries, such as the Niger district,
as far as Lagos, and probably Fantee, the crown in E. senegalensis
is very much darker brown than in specimens from other parts of
Africa. Sometimes the head of H. senegalensis is very pale ashy
brown, and it is difficult to separate these examples from II.
cyanoleucus; while the fact that both forms occur side by side over
nearly the whole extent of Africa, is another puzzling factor in the
question. I have not been able, however, to determine that
II cyanoleucus can be considered a stage of plumage of II senegalensis,
or vice versa; and it must also be borne in mind that only
H. cyanoleucus occurs in the southern part of the Ethiopian region,
H. senegalensis not occurring below Benguela.
Hob. The greater part of Africa.
a. Ad. sk. Ashantee.
Godfrey Lagden,
Esq.'[P.].
b, e. Ad. sk. Gold Coast (Aubinn). Shelley Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Denkera, Jan. (Blissett). Sharpe Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Ancobra River. Sir Richard Burton
and Commander
Cameron [P.],
/. Ad. sk.
q. Ad.sk.
/>. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
1. Ad. sk.
m, n, c? ad.; o.
Imm. sk.
P~8. (S $ &&' s^
/, z«, p. tf ad. sk.
«*. Ad. sk.
.r. <J ^. sir.
ALCEDINIDiE.
Abrobonko, Jan. 30 (G. j& &).
Accra (Haynes).
River Volia (JI. T. Z7s«fter).
Oameroons Mountains; Jan. 26
Gaboon (Verreauv).
Benguela.
Ondonga, Ovampo-Land, Bee,
March, April (C. J. Anders-
sori).
Limpopo River, Transvaal,
Nov. (T. E. Btichley).
Nata River, Matabole-Land,
Dec, May (F. Oates).
Achor, Bogos-Land (JEsler),
Anseba Valley, July 28.
Shelley CoU.
Sliarpe Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Sliarpe Coll.
Sliarpe Coll.
Monteiro Coll.
Sliarpe Coll.
Shelley CoU.
W. E. & C. G. Oates,
Esqrs. pp.].
Sharpe Coll.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
14, Halcyon torquatus. (Plate YL fig. 1.)
Halcyon torquata, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 99 (1887).
Halcyon cinereifrons (nee F.), Gray, List Fissir. Brit, Mus. p. 53
(1848); Earth Orn, W.-Afr. p. 32 (1857, pt.),* id J.f. 0. 1801,
p. 104 (pt.: Bissao).
Halcyon malimbica (nee Shaw), Cass. Cat. Hale. Fliilad. Mus. p. 8
(1852, pt.: Senegal).
Dacelo cinereifrons,
Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Revue, Aleed. p. 20 (1874 :
Bissao).
Adult, Entire back greenish blue from the hind neck to the
upper tail-coverts • scapulars and wing-coverts black; lesser coverts
on the point of the wing, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and outer
aspect of quills greenish blue, the latter blackish brown at the ends
and on the inner web, with a large oblique quill-lining of white on
the latter; tail-feathers greenish blue, with black shafts, and an
edging of black along the inner web ; entire head light brown, with,
a faint greenish gloss under certain lights, the forehead decidedly
palor and more ashy brown, extending on to the fore part of the
crown also ; lores, eyelid, and a patch behind the eye black• sides
of face and ear-coverts greenish blue, this colour spreading over the
hinder cheeks, the throat, and chest; breast and abdomen white, as
well as the thighs and under tail-coverts; the sides of the body
speckled with a bluish-grey shade; under wing-coverts and axillarios
white, with a black patch on the lower primary-coverts.
Total length 10-5 inches, culmen 2*3, wing 4*8, tail 3*5, tarsus 0*65.
Younger birds have an ochreous-buff tinge on the breast and
sides of body, and the colours are less bright. The whole bill, too,
is red, with black near the base of the upper mandible, and extending
about halfway up the lower one.
Hah. Senegambia,
a. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
c. Imm. sk,
Senegal (UEinvilk).
[Senegambia.]
[Senegambia.]
Biocour Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
16. HALCXOX.
Subsp. a. Halcyon forbesi. (Plate VI. fig. 2.)
Halcyon cinerei&ons (nee Y.\ lard. Ann. £ Mag. Nat Mist, xvii.
p. 86(1846). V
. Alcedo cinereifrons (nee K), Sundev. (Efv. K. Yeh-Akad. Forh.
Stockh. 1S49; p. 162 (Sierra Leone); Earth Orn. W.-Afr. p. 32
(lb57jPt).
Halcyon malimbica
{nee Shaw), Cass. Cat. Male. Philad. Mm. p. 8
(l&o2? pt.; PJo Bontry); Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 484 (Fantee);
SMley fy Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 286; Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 557
CShonga); Biitiik. Notes Ley den Mas, vii. p. 162 (1885), viii.
p. 249 (1886), x. p. 70 (1888); Eartert, J.f.O. 1886, p. 595
(Loko).
Bacelo cinereifrons, Schl Mus. Pays-Bas. Alced. p. 29 (1863, pt.,
Siena Leone).
Halcyon clryas (nee Earthy Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1871, p, 603 (Cameroons).
Bacelo malimbica, Schl Mus. Paijs-Bas, Revue, Alced. p. 18 (1874).
Adult. Similar to H* torc^iatas, but always uracil lighter in
colour, the blue more intense, and tlie head ashy brown, darker
than in II. torquatus, and washed with greenish blue towards the
Bjipe : « maxilla red, black at base, mandible black ; feet red; iris
brown" (ir. A. Forbes). Total length 10 inches, oilmen 2-3,
wing 4-4, tail 3-2, tarsus 0-6.
^ This is a bright-coloured race of the Benegambiam H. torquatus^
distinguished, moreover, by having the sides of the body and under
tail-coverts dusted with grey and tinged with blue.
Hah. "West Africa from Sierra Leone to the Oameroons.
«. Ad. sk. Cape Palmas. F. Nicliolson, Esq.
[P.].
b. Ad. sk. Eiver Prak, Ashantee (JET. F. Shelley Coll.
Blissett).
c. Ad. sk. Assinee (JET. T. Essher). Shelley Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. Leyden Mus.
e. Ad.; f. Imm.sk. Fantee. Sharpe Coll.
ff. Ad.sk. Fantee (JET. T. Essher). Shelley Coll.
k, I Ad. sk. Cape Coast (T. & Buckley). Shelley Coll.
Jc9 J, m. Ad. sk. River Bonny (Mrs. Eyslop). Jardine Coll.
n. <$ ad. sk. Skonga, R. Niger (W. A. F). Forbes Coll.
€), Juv. sk. Oameroons. Sharpe Coll.
/>, q. Ad. sk. Oameroons Mts., Noy. 30 (A. Sharpe Cull.
Crossleg).
Subsp. ft. Halcyon malimbicus. (Plate VI. fig. 3.)
Alceclo malimbica, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. GQ (1811).
Alcedo cinereifrons, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. sis., p. 403 (1818); id, fy
Oud. Gal. Ois. i. pi. 187 (1825).
Halcyon cinereifrons, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); Yerr. Bev. et
Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 265 (Gaboon); Reichenb. Eandb., Alced.
p. 12, Taf. 400. ^g. 3076 (1851) ; Earth Orn. Wesf-Afr. p. 32
(1857, pt.) ; Hartl J.f.O. 1861, p. 104 (Bembe); Laijard, B. 8.
Afr. p. 64 (1867); Gray, Eand-L B. I p. 90, no. 1082 (1869).
Halcyon malimbica,
Cass. Cat. Halcyon. Phil. Mm. p. 8 (1852, pt.:
Natal!) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p.$82; id. Monogr. Alced. p. 195,
248
ALCEDEttDiE.
pi. 72 (1870) j id. eel Layards B. S. Afr. pp. 121, &0S (1875-84)
Socage, Orn. Angola, p. 102 (1877) ; Oust. Noiu\ Arch. 3fus. (2)
ii. Bull. p. 80 (1879: Doume); Sharpe, Joitrn. Linn. Soc, Zool. XYIL
p. 435 (1884: Xiam Niani).
Cancropliaga malimbica, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Am's. p. 9 (1854).
Cancropliaga einereifrons, Bp. i. c. p. 9 (1854).
Halcyon cyanescens, Cab. § Reichen. J. f. 0. 1877, p. 108 (Loango).
Advlt. Similar to E. torquaius and H. forbesi7 but still more
brilliant than the latter, and having the entire crown washed with
blue, the forehead alone being dusky brown; the blue on the breast
especially brilliant: upper mandible vermilion, black at the base
and towards the tip; lower mandible jet-black ; feet red. Total
length 10 inches, culmen 2*2, wing 4*4, tail 3, tarsus 0*5.
Rah. West Africa from Gaboon to Angola, and extending to
Xiam-Xiam.
a. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Purchased.
b. Ad. sk. m Gaboon. Gould Coll.
o. Ad. sk. Gaboon (A. MarcJie). Shelley Coll.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad.sk.
Gaboon.
Gaboon.
Sharpe Coll.
Purchased.
/, q. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
Senmiio, Niam-Niam Country,
Feb., May.
Bembe, Angola.
F. BohndoriF [0.\
Monteiro Coll.
15. Halcyon dryas.
Halcyon dryas, Bartl J. f. 0. 1854, p. 2 (S. Thomas); Milll Beitr.
Orn. pi. 11 (1854); Terr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1855, p. 272;
Bartl Orn. W.-Afr. p. 32 (1857); Cam. Proc. Philacl Acad.
1859, p. 34 (R. Caninia); HartlJ.f. 0.1801. p. 104; Eeulemans,
Nat. Tijdselir. iii. p. 376 (186G); Bohm, P. Z. S. 1SVS, p. 325
(Prince's Id.); Gray, Eand-l i. p. 90, no. 1087 (1809) ; ttharpe,
Moiogr. Meed. p. 103, pi. 71 (1868).
CancTophaga dryas, Bp. Co?i$p. Vol Anis. p. 0 (1854).
Dacelo dryas, Schl. Mm. Pays-Bas, Aleed. p. 30 (1803); id. Revue,
p. 20 (1874).
Adult. Similar to H. iorqiiatus and its allies, but a much larger
and stouter bird; the head dark brown, the green more of a verditer
tint, and the whole of the abdomen, flanks, and under tail-coverts
greyish with a slight green tinge. Total length 11 inches, culmen 2,
wing 4-9, tail 3*5, tarsus 0*5.
Hah. "West Africa, Gaboon, and the islands of the Bight of
Benin.
a. Imm. st. St. Thomas'.
Purchased.
b, c. 6s ad.; d. <$ Prince's Island (Dr. Bolmi). Sharpe Coll.
imm. sk.
e. $ ad. sk. Prince's Island. Jardine Coll.
/ . Ad. sk. Prince's Island (Ingall). Shelley Coll.
g. Imm. sk. Fernando Po. L. Fraser [C.].
h. Imm. sk. Fernando Po (L. Fraser). Gould Coll.
i.
Ad. sk. Elobe district, Gaboon. H. T. Ansell. Esq.
[p.].
16 . HALCYON.
249
16. Halcyon albicillus.
Alcedo albicilla, Cuvier, MSS.; unde
Alcedo albicilla, Du??iont, Diet. Sci. Nat. xxix. p. 273 (1823);
Pucker. Rev. Zool 1853, p. 388.
Sauropatis albicilla, Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 470 (1880).
Adult male. Similar to H. sauropliagus, but having the green
streak on the ear-coverts continued backwards and encircling the
nape. Total length 10*3 inches, enlmen 2*15, wing 4*25, tail 3-15,
tarsus 0*6.
Young female. Similar to the adult, but having the wing-coverts
tipped with ashy white ; the collar round the nape blackish, and on
the crown of the head a few dusky markings among the white
feathers. Wing 4*4 inches.
Hah. Marianne Islands.
a. S
ad.; I. § Marianne Islands (A, Marche). Paris Museum [P.].
jun. sk,
17. Halcyon, saurophagns.
Alcedo albicilia (nee Cuvier), Less. Voy. Coquille, i. pp. 338, 343
(1826) j Cass. US. Fxpl. Fxped., Mamm. $ Birds,?. 225 (1858).
Dacelo albicilla, Less. Traite, p. 247 (1831); id. Compl. Buff., Ois.
p. 654 (1838) ; Schleg. Mus. Paijs-Bas, Alced. p. 42 (1863); id.
Vog. Nederl Lid., Alced. pp. 32,61, pi. 11.figs. 3,4 (1864); Finsch,
New-Guinea, p. 161 (1865); Schleg. Mus. Pays-Bos. Alced. Heme.
p. 32 (1874)/
Halcyon saurophaga, Gould, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 103; id. Voy. H.M.S.
' Sulphur/ p. 33, pi. 19 (1844); Macgill. Vox). ' Rattlesnake,7 i.
p. 245 (1852); Wall. Malay Arch. ii. p.*344 (1869); Gray, Hand-l.
B. i. p. 93, no. 1127 (1869) ; Scl P. Z. S. 1877, p. 554 (Duke of
York Island); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 10; Sharpe, Jour. Linn.
Soc. xvi. Zool. p. 429 (1882: Heath Isl.); Tristr. Ibis, 1889,
p. 557 (Louisiade Arch.) ; Grant, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 330 (Fauro),
1888, p. 193.
Halcyon albicilla (nee Cuv.), Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); id. List
Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 56 (1848); Sci. Jour. Proc. Linn. Soc. ii.
p. 156(1858).; Gray, P.Z.S. 1858, p. 190; id. Cat. Mamm. 8?
B. Netv Guinea, pp. 20, 55 (1859); id. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. Pacific
Ocean, p. 5 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 154, 1861, p. 433 ; "id.
Ann. # Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) v. p. 329 (1870); Sharpe, Monogr.
Alced. p. 197, pi. 73 (1871, pt.) ; Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 3, 1877,
p. 105, 1878, p. 671 (Duke of York Island); Ramsay, Proc. Linn.
Soc. N.S. W. iii. p. 261 (1879: Ooutance Island), iv. p. 97 (1879 :
S.E. New Guinea); Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 322; P. L. §• L. C.
Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 298 (Duke of York Isl.); Finsch, Ibis, 1882,
p. 134 (Rendova) ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. vii. p. 20
(1883: Ugi), p. 673.
Todirhaniphus saurophagus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 157 (1850); Cass. Cat.
Hale. Phil. Mus. p. 11 (1852); Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 9
(1854); Cass. U.S. Fxpl. Exped. p. 213 (1858); Bosenb. Nat.
Tijdschr, Nederl hid. xxv. p. 230 (1863); id. J.f. 0.1864, p. 118.
Alcedo cyanoleuca (nee Vieill.), Bp. Consp. i. p. 157 (1850; ex Temm.
MSS. in Mus. Lugd.); Bosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Lid. xxv.
p. 231 (1863); id. J.f.O. 1864, p. 118.
250
iLLCEDINID^5.
Todirhamphus albicilla (nee Cuv.), Reichenb. Hcmdb., Alced. p. 30,
Taf. 418. figs. 3134-35 (1851).
Sauropatis albicilla (nee Cuv.), Cab. §* Seine, Mus. JBCein. Tli. n.
p. 159 (1860); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. x. pp. 126, 305 (1877,
pi).
Sauropatis sauropkaga, Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 322; id. Orn. Papuasia,
i. p. 468 (1880); Nehrh. J.f.O. 1885, p. 32 (Waigiou); Guillem.
P. Z. S. 1885,:p.;568 (Weda Isl.)/p. 627 (Waigiou,Mysol,Dorey);
Salvad. Agg, urn. Papuasia, i. p. 57 (1889).
Adult male. General colour above bright blue, ratber duller on
tbe mantle and scapulars ; the back and wing-coverts of trie same
tint; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and outer aspect of quills
ratber more purplish blue, the latter otherwise blackish; tail-
feathers deep blue, blackish along the inner web, and with blackish
shafts; entire under surface as well as the whole head and neck
snowy white, overspreading the mantle, the feathers of which are
mostly white with blue ends ; from behind the eye above the ear-
coverts runs a streak of blue ; a loral spot and eyelid black; under
wing-coverts and axillaries pure white : " feet and eyes black"
(D'Albertis). Total length 11 inches, culmen 2*3, wing 4*9, tail 3*1,
tarsus 0*7.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 11-5
inches, culmen 2*5, wing 5*1, tail 3*3, tarsus 0*65.
Young birds are apparently like H. eliloris, with a green head,
and it is evident that the immature birds must have green on the
crown by reason of the green feathers which are sometimes seen
interspersed on the white heads of the adults. In the Hamburg
Museum is a specimen from the Pelew Islands, which is apparently
the young of H. saurophagus, and is exactly like H. chloris, but has
the wing 4*7 inches, and a large amount of white on the lores and
base of forehead. I consider this to be the young of the present
species with some hesitation, as it completely lacks the pale edgings
to the wing-coverts which are characteristic of the immature individuals
of these green Kingfishers.
Hab. Molucca Islands to New Guinea and the Papuan Islands,
the Louisiades, Solomon Archipelago, and New Ireland.
a. Ad. sk. Morty Island (A, P. Wallace). Gould Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Gilolo.
Wallace Goll.
c. d. Ad. sk. Dorey, N. Guinea. Wallace Coll.
e. Ad. sk. New Guinea. ' J. Gould, Esq. [P.].
(Type of species.)
/. ? ad. sk. Louisiade Islands. J. Maegillivray f O.j.
g, h. Ad. sk. Teste Island, Louisiade Group. J. Ingram, Esq. [P7J.
L Ad. sk. Solomon Islands. Gould Coll.
h. S ad. sk. Wanga, S. Cristoval, Aug. J. Brenchley, Esq.
[P.l
I, m. tf
$ ad. sk. Eauio. C. M. Woodford,
Esq. [C.].
n.
Ad. sk. New Ireland. P. L. Sclater, Esq.
[P.].
o. Ad. sk. Duke of York Island, Kev. G. Brown [C.].
16. HAlCYOtf.
251
18. Halcyon admiralitatis.
BfalejoB samophaga
(neo Gould), 8cl. P. Z. S.1877, p. 544 5 id. Hep.
Toy* KMM. f Challenger,7 Birds, p. 30 (1881).
AcMi male. Similar to B. albkilhis, but instead of the snowy
white of the under surface in that species, the sides of the body,
flanks, and under -wing-coverts are pale orange-buff; the white
feathers at the sides of the upper breast have green tips, and the
green streak behind the eye is wider and extends along the upper
ei^e of theear-coverts. Total length 10*5 inches, culmen 2-5,
wing 4-75, tail 3*05, tarsus 0-65.
Ifah Admiralty Islands.
a, b. e ad. &k. Admiralty Islands, Voy. H.M.S.l Challenger.'
19. Halcyon go&effroyi.
Halcyon godtffrovi, Finscli, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 408 (Marquesas Isl.).
Ail nit (type of specks). Eright blue above * wing-coverts like the
htwk; quills and tail uho externally bright blue; head entirely
w!ii!i\ tm alio th»* ne*l\ mantle, and centre of back; lores, feathers
nmxu\ tho eye, and ear-corcrts black, washed witli green, forming a
cfiller round the hind neck; under surface of body white, with a
distinct tinge of Kindy buff on the flanks. Total length 8*5 inches,
culmen i"7, wing 3*75, tall 2-6, tarsus 0-0. (21 us. Ilanib.)
Fmmtj. Aim bright blue like the adult, but has the head green
like the back, but the mantle yellowish white; forehead white, and
the crown interspersed with several white feathers. Wing 3*85
inches. (JIus. Hamh.)
Hob. Marquesas Islands.
20. Halcyon albonotatus.
Halcyon albonotata, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. 8oe. JV. >%. IF. ix. p. 803
(1&33: New Britain).
Adult male. The whole of the head rich dark blue, brighter and
of an ultramarine tint over the eyebrows and on the sides of the
head ; from the lores and mandible across the ear-coverts and round
the hind neck a narrow deep blue band, a small white spot in front
of the nostrils, and a rather large semilunar white spot on the nape ;
the throat and all the under surface, a broad collar on the hind
neek, the interscapular region, the whole of the back and rump, and
upper and under tail-coverts white; wings and tail dark blue; concealed
portions of the quills black, margined with white at the
base; under wing-coverts white, a black spot at their tips at the
base of the primaries: bill black; feet and legs blackish grey.
Length 6*8 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2*1, tarsus 0*45, bill from forehead
1*4, from nostril 1*1. (JS. P. Ramsay.)
Il&h le w Britain.
252
AI.CEDINTD.2E.
21. Halcyon leucopygius.
Cyanalcyon leucopygius, Verr. Rev. et Mag. tie Zool 1858, p. 385 ;
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. x. p. 305 (1877); id. Orn. Papuasia
etc. i. p. 456 (1880); id. Agg. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 55 (1889).
Halcyon leucopygia, Gray, Cat. B. Prop. IsL Pacific Ocean, p. 7
(1850) ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 119; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 92,
no. 1109 (1869) ; Sharpe, Monogr. Aleed. p. 199, pi. 74 (1871);
Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. TV. iv. p. 67 (1879); Salvad. Ibis,
1880, p. 127 ; Pamsaij, Proc. Linn. Soc. K S. W. vii. p. 20 (1883 :
Guadalcanal-); Tristr. Ibis, 1882, p. 143; Sharpe in Gould's B.
Neio Guinea, iv. pi. 55 (1884); Grant, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 193.
Todirhamphus leucopygius, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 124.
Dacelo leucopygia, Giebel, Thes. Orn. ii. p. 6 (1874).
Adult male. Head, scapulars and wing-coverts, and upper part of
the back rich, ultramarine• a collar round the neck, the entire back
except the interscapular portion, and the under surface of the body
pure white; cheeks black* upper tail-coverts ultramarine ; lower
part of the flanks bordering the rump and vent lilac shaded with.
purple; quills and tail black, washed with blue above, greyish black
underneath : bill entirely black • feet olive-brown. Total length
8-2 inches, of bill from front 1*6, from gape 2-1, wing 3-3, tail 2-5,
tarsus 0*5.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but having the lower back
blue instead of white. Total length 7*5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2*3,
tarsus 0*5.
Hob. Solomon Islands.
a. Ad. sk. Solomon Islands. Maison Verreaux. (Type
of species.)
b, c. Ad. sk. Solomon Islands. Mr. J. T. Cockerell [0.].
d. (S imm. sk. Aola, Guadalcanal*) May 12. 0. M. Woodford, Esq. [C.].
22. Halcyon lazuli.
Alcedo lazuli, Temm. PL Col iv. pL 508 (1830); Cass. U.S. JSxpL
Expecl p. 227 (1858).
Dacelo lazuli, Less. Compl. Buff., Ois. p. 655 (1838); Schl. Mus.
Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 42 (1863) • id. Fog. Nederl Ind. pp. 31, 01,
pi. xii. figs. 1, 2 (1864) ; Fimch, Neu-Guinea, p. 101 (1865) ; Schl
Mus. P.-P., Pevue, Alced. p. 31 (1874).
Halcyon lazuli,
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846) ; Cass. Cat. Sale.
Philad. Mus. p. 6 (1852) ; Gray, P. Z. S. I860, p. 346 ; id. Hand-l.
B. i. p. 92, no. 1108 (1869); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 203, pi. 76
(1870).
Todirhamphus lazuli, Bp. Comp. i. p. 157 (1850) : Reichenb. Mandb.,
Alced. p. 30, Taf. 416. fig. 3126 (1851).
Oyanalcyon lazuli,
Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 9 (1854) *. Cab. $•
Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 158 (1860); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov.
x. p. 304 (1877); id. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 461 (1880) ; Bias. tt.
Nehrh. Ferh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxxii. p. 420 (1882: Amboina) ;
Blasius, P. Z. S.1882, p. 704 (Oeram); Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papuasia,
i. p. 56 (1889).
16 . HALCYON.
253
A*htlt Hiale. Similar to H. diops, but brighter bine above, with
the white collar of the hind neck represented only by white bases
to the blue feathers; a small supraloral white spot; cheeks and
under surface of body white, with pink and blue reflections on the
breast under certain lights; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts
bright blue, Total length 8 inches, culmen 1*75, wing 3*65, tail
2-35, tarsus 0-5.
A<hdt female. Differs from the male in having the entire breast
as well as the abdomen bright blue, leaving only the throat white.
Total length 8*5 inches, oilmen 1*7, wing 3*5, tail 2*25, tarsus 0*45.
II*fb. Islands of Amboyna and Ceram.
a. b. -£ x. ad. sk.
(\ d. c 2 ad. -k.
Aniboyna.
X Ceram.
Wallace Coll.
Wallace Coll.
c t ad. >k. X. Ceram (A R. Wallace). Gould Coll.
23. Halcyon, diops.
Ai<»t lo iliuj*., T*,tim. PL Col, iv. pi. 272 (1624) ; Less. Man. d?Orn.
u. p. i*.J ( Ir^i; Cuv. litr/ae Anim. i. p. 444 (lb29); Cass. U.S.
22*pi. Etped. p. ±TI {1*>5&); Wald. Trans. Z. S. viii. p. 44 (1872).
Hairy on Uiop*, Sieph. in Skews Gen. Zool rsdii. p. 99 (IMS); Swains.
dam/. B. ii p, ;j&> (1*37); <Sr«y, to>. B. L p. 79 (1846); Cass.
Cat. Hale. Phil. Mm. p. 0 (1852); tfray, P. X & I860, p. 346;
tf wy, ILawl-L B. i. p. 02, no. 1170 (1800); Sharps, Monogr.
Alod. p. 205, pi. 77 (ltt70); P^fc. JV i s.-£. Gfe$. JVien, xxvi.
p. 71* (l&JTOj; GuiUem. P. #. A 1885, p. 5GB (Ternate, Batchian).
Dacplo diopn, JZ>W. OMBP*. Pz#, Ois. p. 625 (1838); ScM. Mus.
IK-B. Aleed. p. 41 (1863}; id. Yog. Nederl lad. AlcecL pp. 30,60,
pi. xii. figs. 3, 4 (1864)* Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 161 (1865) • $$/.
3/i/^f. P*-#. Alced., P<?*w, p. 30 (1874)-Mosejib. Heist naar Geelvbikb.
p. 6 (1875).
Tudirhamphus diops, Bp. Consp. i. p. 157 (1850) * Reickenb. Handb.,
Aired, p. 29, Taf. 416. Hg. 3127 (1851).
Cvanalcyon diops, Cab. # Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 158, note
*(lfc00");
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. vi. p. 764 (1875), x. p. 304
(1&77); id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 79; id. Dm. Papuasia, i. p. 462
jlNiG); t'A Rep. Voy. H.M.S. 'Challenger; Birds, p. 60 (1881);
Plefike, Bull Acad. St. PMersb. xxix. p. 526 (1884: Ternate) *
Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 56 (1889).
Achfli ta®Ie. General colour above bright ultramarine, the back,
rump, and scapulars more of a lazuli-blue * wing-coverts ultramarine-
Miie; greater coverts, quills, and tail black, externally washed with
blue; head dark ultramarine or black with a blue gloss; sides of
htnd aLo blue-black; a large supraloral spot of white, and a half-
concealed spot of white on the occiput * round the hind neck a
broad white collar ; cheeks and under surface of body also white *
thighs black, washed with blue; under wing-coverts white, with a
patch of blue on the bend of the wing. Total length 7*5 inches,
culmen 1*0, wing 8*5, tail 2*2, tarsus 0*5.
Aduh fumile. Similar in colour to the male, but has no white
collar round the hind neck, which is blue like the head; across the
254
ALCEDCtflDJS.
che&t is a broad collar of bright bine ; thighs black. Total length
7*7 inches, oilmen 1-65, wing S'2, tail 1*9, tarsus 0*5.
Young female. Eesembles the old male, but has an orange-buff
supralorai spot and an orange-buff collar round the hind neck;
across the chest an indistinct collar of orange-buff.
Hah. Molucca Islands : Halmahera or Gilolo, Ternate. Batchian,
Morotai, Tidore, Motir, Dammar, Obi Lattou.
a. d
ad.; b, c, d. $ Gilolo. Wallace Coll.
ad. et imm. sk.
e.f. 6 $ ad. sk. Batchian. Wallace Coll.
y.' $ ad. sk. Batchian. Gould Coll.
//. (S ad. sk. Ternate (A. B. Steere). Hume Coll.
i) k <$ ad.; /, m. § Ternate. Wallace Coll.
ad. et ]uv. sk.
n.
c? ad/sk. Ternate. Toy. H.M.S. < Challenger.'
o. <3 ad. sk. Moluccas. Salvin-Godman Coll.
24. Halcyon macleayi.
Halcron macleayi, Jarcl §• Selby, III. Orn. pi. 101 (1825-39); Gould,
JB.'Austr. ii. pi. 24 (1843); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 70 (1846); id. List
Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 58 (1848); Reiehenb. For/. Xeuholl p. 34
(1850); Cass. Cat. Bah. Bhilad. Mus. p. 6 (1852) ; Macgill. Toy.
> Rattlesnake] ii. p. 350 (1800) ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 100; id.
Cat. Mamm. $ B. Xeiv Guinea, p. oo (1859); Ramsay, Ibis. 1805,
p. 84; Biggies, Orn. Ausfr. pi. 25. fig. 1 (1808); Gray, Hand-L
B. i. p. 92, no. 1106 (1809); Sharjpe, Monoyr. Atced. p. 207, pi. 78
(1870); id. Jovrn. Bum. Soc. xiii. p. 492 (1878), xiv. p. 080
(1879) ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soo. X. 8. W. i. p. 390 (1870: Port
trict) j Ramsay, Tab. Bist Austr. B. p. 3 (1883).
Halcyon incinctus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 142,
Alcedo diopthahno-mfo-Tentre. Hombr. $* Jacq. Aran. 8cL Xat (2)
XYL p. 315 (1841).
Todirhamphus macleayi, Bp. Consj). i. p. 157 (1850); Reiehenb.
Handb., Aleed. p. 29, Taf. 416. tigs. 3124, 3125 (1851); Rosenb.
Xat. Tijdschr. Xederl Bid. xxv. p. 230 (1863): id. J. / . O. 1804,
p. 118.
Cyanalcyon macleayi, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Ants. p. 9 (1854); Cab. $
Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 158 (1800) ; Gould, Handb. B.
Audr. i. p. 133 (1805); Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. oS; 8ahad. <§*
B'Albert Ann. Mus. Genov. vii. p. 815 (1875); 8alvad. op. cit ix.
p. 19 (1876); Masters, Proc. Binn. 8oc. X. 8. W. i. p. 47 (1876),
ii. p. 270 (1878: Port Darwin); B*Albert Ami. Mus. Genov. x.
p. 19 (1877); 8alvad. t e. p. 304; B'Albert. # 8alvad. op. cit. xiv.
p. 50 (1879); Salvad. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 465 (1880); Ramsay
Proc. Binn. 8oo. X. 8. W. ix. p. 864 (1884) $ Salvad. Agg. Orn.
Papuasia, I p. 57 (1889).
Cyanalcyon lazulinus (nee T.), Bp. Co?isp. Vol. Anis. p. 9 (1854):
Cab. <§• Seine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 158 (1860).
Halcyon (Actenoides) jacquinoti, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl Pacific
Ocean, p. 7 (1859, ess H § J.).
16 . HALCYON. 255
Dacelo macleavi, ScM Mus. P.-B. Alced. p. 41 (1868); Finsch, Neu-
Gidnea, p. 161 (1865) : SchL Mus. P.-B. Alced.. Bevue, p. 30
(1874).a
HalcTon jacquinoti, HaHl. § Finsch, Faun. Ceniralpolyn. p. 209
(1867); Gray, Rand-l. B. i. p. 92, no. 1110 (1869).
Halcyon sancta (nee V. fy PL), Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. only (1868).
Dacelo lazulina, Giebel, Thes. Orn. ii. p. 6 (1874).
Adult male. Above bright blue, inclining to ultramarine on the
mantle ; scapulars and back greenish cobalt, more blue on the
rump; upper tail-coverts ultramarine; tail blue-black* wing-
coverts deep ultramarine; quills black, externally ultramarine, with
a large white patch at the base of all but the outer primaries; head
black, with a deep purplish-blue gloss; the sides of face and ear-
coverts black : a large white supraloral spot; on the occiput a concealed
spot of white; round the hind neck a broad white collar;
cheeks and under surface of body pure white; quills dusky blackish
below, white towards the base of the inner web : " bill black, the
ba^al portion of the under mandible yellowish white• tarsi black,
inner side of feet and back of tarsi ashy grey; iris very dark
brown" (J. Gould). Total length 7 inches, culmen 1*7, wing 3*7,
tail 2*3, tarsus 0*45.
Adult female. Differs from the male in wanting the white collar
round the hind neck, this part being blue like the mantle. Total
length 7*7 inches, culmen 1*5, wing 3*7, tail 2*3, tarsus 0*55.
Young male. Similar to the afdult male, but having the white
collar washed with rusty ochre, %he loral spot rusty, and the under
surface also washed with rusty* the blue feathers of the upper
surface also with rusty margins.
Hob. Australia, islands of Torres Straits, and S.E. Few Guinea.
a. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Coll.
b-e. <$ $ ad. sk. Australia (F. Strange). Jardine Coll.
/, g. 6 ? ad. sk. "Wide Bay, Queensland, Sept.j Hume Coll.
Oct.
h. $ ad. sk. Gould Island, Queensland. J.B. Jukes, Esq. [P.].
i, k, (S ? ad. sk. Queensland (J. Weston F. Nicholson, Esq.
Broione). [P.I.
l-n. <$ ad. et juv. * Queensland (/. Coekerett: Tweeddale Coll.
o, p. 5 ad. sk. Skarpe Coll.).
q, r. Ad. sk. Cape York (J. Coekerett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
1 <J ad. sk. Cape York. Voy. H.M.S. ' Challenger.'
tjad.sk . Thursday Island, August Voy. H.M.S. < Alert.'
(Dr. Coppinger).
u. Ad. sk. Port Essington. J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.].
v, w. <J ? ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. Chambers [P.].
25. Halcyon winahelli.
Halcyon winchelli, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd ser. i. p. 318, pi. 47
(1876: Basilan); Ttoeedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 944 (Zainboanga);
Steere, List Birds fy Mamm. Steere Exped. Philipp. p. 11 (1890;
Basilan, Saniar).
ALCEDIHID^:.
Halcyon alfredi, Oustalet, Le Nat. 1890, p. 62 (Tawi-Tawi Archipelago).
Advlt. General colour above black, washed with purple; lower
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts silvery blue, the latter inclining
to purple* lores and a collar round the hind neck chestnut; crown
of head deep blue, the sides of the crown brighter blue, with a
broad eyebrow from the upper part of the eye produced to the nape;
sides of face and ear-coverts as well as the sides of the neck black,
with a slight wash of purple; wings black, with a slight shade of
purple on their outer aspect; tail purplish black; cheeks and under
surface of body fawn-buff, whitish on the abdomen; under wing-
coverts and quills internally fawn-colour. Total length 10 inches,
culmen 2*05, wing 4*1, tail 3*2, tarsus 0*55.
Dr. Oustalet has separated H. alfredi from H. winehdli on account
of its white under surface. This is, however, in all probability only
a sexual difference, as Mr. Everett shot both white and rufous-
breasted birds at Zamboanga.
Hah. Philippine Archipelago: islands of Basilan, Samar, and
Mindanao • and the Sooloo group to the Tawi-Tawi Archipelago.
a. Ad.; h. $ ad. sk. Zamboanga, April (A. H. Tweeddale Coll.
Everett).
26. Halcyon nigroeyaneus.
Ilalcvon nisnocvanea, Wall. P. Z. S. 1802, p. 105, pi. 10 • Gray,
Hand-l.^1). i. p. U% no. 1120 (1800); Sharjje, Monogr. Alced.
p. 201, pi. 7-5 (1&70) ; Beccari^Ann, Mus. Genm:. vii. p. 708 (187-3) *
Gould, B. New Guinea, iv. pi. 57 (1880); Gvilltm. P. Z. S. 188*5,
p. 620.
Dacelo nigrocyanea, ScM, Tog. Nederl. Lid. Alced. pp. 31, 01 (1861);
Finsch, Neil-Guinea, p. 161 (I860) ; SchL Nederl. TijdschrlBierk.
iii. p. 2,50 (1860), iv. p. 38 (1871) ; id. Mm. B.-B. Alced., Berne,
p. 31 (1874); Bosenb. Beist. naar Geehdnkb. p. 75 (1875).
Cyanalcyon nigrocyanea, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. x. pp. 127, 304
(1877); id. Orn. Pajpuasia, i. p. 457 (1880) ; id. Agg. i. p. 56
(1889).
Halcyon
diopsioides, Muschenbr. Dagboek, pp. 144-148 (1883;
Sorong).
Adult male. General colour above black; lower back and rump
silvery cobalt, the upper back varied with white; the upper tail-
coverts deep ultramarine; lesser and median wing-coverts bright
blue; the greater coverts and quills black, externally ultramarine blue*
tail-feathers dark blue; crown of head deep blue, the sides
of the crown brighter blue, meeting round the nape and forming a
broad band; lores, sides of face, cheeks, ear-coverts, and sides of
neck black, descending on to the sides of the upper breast; entire
throat white; centre of breast deep ultramarine, followed by a
white band across the lower breast; abdomen blue, becoming
blackish on the lower part; flanks and sides of body black ; under
tail-coverts ultramarine; under wing-coverts black; edge of wing
16 . HALCYON. 257
blue; quills black below, ashy along the inner web : " feet blackish;
iris dull chestnut-brown" (D'Albertis). Total length 8*5 inches,
culmen 1-9, wing 3*75, tail 2'5} tarsus 0-0.
Adult female. Differs from the male in the colouring of the
under surface, which is pure white, with a band of ultramarine
across the breast; sides of body black; under tail-coverts ultramarine.
Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 2, wing 3-6, tail 2*0,
tarsus 0-6.
Hab. N.W. New Guinea ; Salawati and Batanta.
a. 2 ad. sk.
b, c. $ § ad. sk.
d. £ ad. sk.
e. Jin-, sk.
New Guinea.
New Guinea.
Sorong.
Salawati.
Wallace Coll.
of species.)
Gould Coll.
Purchased.
Wallace Coll.
(Type
/ . <$ juv. sk. N.W. New Guinea, April20 {Bruijn).
Leyden Museum [P.].
27. Halcyon stictolsemus.
Cyanaleyon stietolsema, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. ix. p. 20 (1876);
id. P*Z. 8. 1877, p. 752 ; id. Ann. Mus. Genov. x, p. 10, note,
p. 34 (1877) ; BAlbert. $ Salvad. op. cit. xiv. p. 71 (1870);
8cdvad. Orn. jPapuasia, i. p. 459 (1880).
Halcyon nigrocyanea {nee Wall.), JD'Albert. Ibis, 1877, p. *3G0.
Cyanaleyon nigrocyanea (nee Wall.), D'] Albert. Ann. Mus. Genov.
x. pp.'lO, 19 (1877).
Halcyon stictolasma, Gould, B. New Guinea, iv. pi. 58 (1880).
Adult male. General colour above black, the head deep ultramarine,
the sides of the crown more brilliant ultramarine inclining
to cobalt, forming an eyebrow which borders the blue crown and
encircles the nape; wing-coverts ultramarine, the lesser ones
slightly more brilliant; quills blackish, externally washed with
dull blue ; scapulars black, washed with blue at the ends; lower
back cobalt, deepening iuto ultramarine on the long feathers of the
rump; upper tail-coverts deep ultramarine; tail-feathers dark blue;
lores, feathers round the eye, cheeks, ear-coverts, sides of neck, sides
of breast, flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts black, the latter
tipped with ultramarine ; chin black; throat ultramarine, mottled
with white bases to the feathers ; breast and abdomen rich ultramarine
; under wing-coverts and axillaries black; edge of wing
greenish blue; quills dusky blackish below, ashy along the inner
web. Total length 9 inches, culmen 2*25, wing 3-25, tail 3,
tarsus 0*5. {Mus. Genov.)
Adult female. On the upper surface entirely like the male, but
differs below in having the throat and abdomen white, separated by
a broad pectoral band, which is ultramarine in the middle, black at
the sides; sides of body and flanks black; under wing-coverts
black, with a band of white running down the middle, many of the
median and greater under wing-coverts being tipped with white ;
under tail-coverts as in the male. (Mus. Genov.)
VOL. xvn. a
258
ALCEDISIDJ3.
Young. Besembles the old female, but is much, more dusky
black, the crown being also black, with an ultramarine eyebrow;
wing-coverts black, tipped with blue; lower back bright ultramarine,
but not so brilliant as in the adults; sides of face and sides
of body, vent, and lower abdomen dusky black; throat dull white,
the feathers obscured with dusky blackish tips; centre of abdomen
pale ochraceous brown, separated from the throat by a broad blackish
band, the central feathers washed with blue; under tail-coverts
blackish, tipped with blue. (Mas. Genov.)
Hah. Ely River, Southern Xew Guinea.
28. Halcyon quadricolor.
Cvtinalcyon quadriculur, Ousfalet. Le Natitralitfe, 1ftSO. p. 323;
\Salvad. Atti R. Accad. Torino, x\i. p. i52'2 (l^sl); id. Ana. Mus.
Genov. xviii. p. 420 (1882); id. Orn. Pajniasia, iii. App. p. 524
(1882).
Halcyon
quadricolor, Sliarpt in Gould'* B. Xetc Guinea, vol. i\.
pi 50 (1882).
Adult. Similar to II. nigrocyamns^ but with the abdomen bright
cinnamon-red or chestnut; a broad pectoral band of blue, separated
by a line of white from the rufous abdomen. Total length S inches
culm en 1*8. wing 4, tail 2*8.
Hah. Northern Xew Guinea.
In lb82 Mr. Keulemans made for inu it sketch of the type of
Cyaaalcyon quadricolor in the Paris Museum, and I figured the
species in Gould's ' Birds of Xew Guinea.' In colour the species
resembles the young of H. uiyrocyanens; but the typical specimen
has every appearance of being a fully adult bird. It may be, as
Salvadori has remarked, that the colouring which is a sign of
immaturity in H. nigrocyaneus is characteristic of the adult of
H. quadricolor.
29. Halcyon pyrrhopygius.
Halcyon pyrrhopygia, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 113; Gray, Gen. B.
i. p. 79 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 57 (184&); Gould, B.
Austr. fol. ii. pi. 22 (1848); Reichenb. Vog. KeuholL p. 277 (1850);
Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. (1868); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 92,
no. 1117 (1869); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 211, pi. 79 (1870);
Casteln. <y Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 380 (1877:
Giilf of Carpentaria) ; Ramsay, op. cit. ii. p. 179 (1878); id. op. ciL
vii. p. 45 (1883: Bourke and* Cohan districts); id. op. cit. (2) i.
p. 1086 (1886: N.W. Australia), ii. p. 166 (1887 : Derby); North,
op. cit. (2) iii. p. 774 (1888: Cumberland, N.S.W.); CoxfyHamiltoti,
op>. cit. (2) iv. p. 401 (1889: Mudgee district); Ramsay,
Tab. List Austr. B. p. 3 (1888).
Todirhamphus pyrrhopygius,
Bp. Consp. i. p. 157 (1850); Reichenb.
Hanab., Alced. p. 33) Taf. 420. fig. 3141 (1851); Cass. Cat. Hale.
PHlad. Mus. p. 4 (1852); id. U.S. JExpl. JSxped., Birds, p. 238
(1858); Gould, Handh. B. Austr. i. p. 130 (18156); Masters, Proc.
Linn. Soc. X. S. W. ii. p. 270 (1878: Pt. l)an\in).
16 . HALCYON". 25 9
Cyanaleyon pyrrhopygia, Bp. Consp. Vol. Amis. p. 9 (1854).
Sauropatis pyrrhopygia, Cab. Sf Heine, Mus. ttein, Th. ii. p. 161
(1860).
Dacelo pyrrhopygia, Sold. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 39 (1863).
Adult. General colour above green, streaked with white on the
scapulars, which are white at the base or on their inner margin ;
entire back from the mantle downwards orange-rufous, the upper
tail-coverts with greenish centres; entire wing greenish blue,
brighter blue along the shoulder and on the outer aspect of the
quills, the latter being otherwise dusky blackish with white inner
edges; tail-feathers greenish blue, whitish towards the ends of the
inner webs; the shafts of the feathers black, the outer feather
externally whitish; crown of head green, streaked with white
edgeb to the feathers, those on the occiput being white with green
centres; a streak of white from the base of the nostrils extending
over the eye and widening out above the ear-coverts and encircling
the occiput below the long crest-feathers; a loral spot, feathers
below the eyes, and ear-coverts black, joining a black collar round
the hind neck, which is succeeded by a broad white collar which
joins the sides of the neck; cheeks and under surface of body
entirely white, with a faint tinge of buff; under wing-coverts and
axillaris white, as also the quill-lining: " bill black, the base of
the lower mandible flesh-white; feet dark olive-brown; iris
blackish brown" (J. Gould). Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 1*7,
wing 3-85, tail 2*7, tarsus 0-6.
Young birds are much duller in colour, are not so blue, and have
dusky blackish fringes to the breast-feathers.
Hab. The whole of Australia, excepting the Western and Southwestern
portions.
a. Ad. &k.
b. Ad. sk.
c. d. Ad. st.
e,f. Ad. sk.
g. tf ad. sk.
h,i,k. cJad.et
Namoi plains (J. Gould).
Biver Darling, Oct. 4.
South Australia.
Cape York (J. T. Cockerelf).
N/W. Australia.
Derby, N.W. Australia (J". H.
Jardine Coll.
Capt. Sturt [C.].
Sir George Grey [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
J.E. Elsey,Esq. [P.].
Capt. Bowyer-Bower.
imrn.; I. § Bowyer-Bower).
imm. sk.
30. Halcyon cinnamominus.
Halcyon cinnaniomina, Swainson, Zool. Illustr. ser. i. vol, ii. pi. 67
(1821); Vig. § Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 206 (1827); Gould,
Syn. B. Austr. partiii. (1838); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 97 (1846); id.
B. Trop. Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 5 (1859); id. Hand-l B. i. p. 93,
no. 1123 (1809); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 213, pi. 80 (1870);
Finsch, Journ. Mus. Godeffr. Heft xii. p. 20 (1876).
Todirhamphus cinnamominus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 157 (1850) ; Reichenb.
Handb., Alced. p. 32, Tat'. 420. fig. 3140 (1851); Cass. Cat. Sale.
PMlad. Mus. p. 12 (1852) ; id. U.S. Expl Exped., Birds, p. 220
(1858).
Sauropatis cinnamomina, Cab. <§* Heine, Mus. Rein. Th. ii. p. 159
(1800;.
$2
280 ALCEDmDJS.
Dacelo cinnamomina, Schl Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced, p. 39 (1880)• id.
Revue, Alced. p. 29 (1874).
Alcedo ruhceps, Cuvier, 31 $S. in 31us. Paris; uiide
Alcedo vuficeiQSjDi{mo?it, Bid. Sci. Xat. xxix. p. 273 (1823); Pucker.
Hev. et 3Iag. de Zool. 18-33, p. 367; Marti. J.f.O. 1805, p. 423.
Dacelo ruiiceps, Lesson, Traite d'Or/i. p. 247 (1831).
Halcyon rafieeps, Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 93, no. 1122 (1869).
Adult (type of species). General colour above green ; lower back,
rump, and upper tail-eoverts more blue ; wings more blue than the
back, the quills blackish, externally dull blue; tail-feathers blue,
blackish along their inner webs and with the shafts black ; crown
of head and hind neck cinnamon ; above the ear-coverts a streak of
green; round the nape a band of black: under surface of body
cinnamon, paler on the throat. Total length 9 inches, culmen 1*8,
wing 3*9, tail 3*1, tarsus 0*65.
Eab. Marianne Islands.
a. Ad. sk. [Marianne Islands.] Linnean Society. (Type of
species.)
h. Ad. sk. j_Marianne Mands.] Zoological Society.
c. Ad. sk. Marianne Islands. Purchased.
Subsp. a. Halcyon Tiifigularis.
Hale von cinnamomina, Sharpe, 3Ionogr. Alced. pi. bO, central ii_rurt»
(1870).
Adult, Similar to H. ci a net mommas, but having only the throat
and chest cinnamon, as well as the thighs; the breast, abdomen,
sides of body, and under tail-coverts white. Total length 9 inches,
culmen 1*8, wing 4, tail 3, tarsus 0*6.
Dr. Einsch believes that the cinnamon-breasted individuals are
males and the white-breasted ones are females, in which case the
present form may be only the hen of H. cm/iamomimis.
Hab. Unknown.
a. Ad. sk. Zoological Society.
Subsp. b. Halcyon mediocris.
Halcyon cinnamomina {nee Vig.)} Fimeh, J. f. O. 1880; p. 285
(Ponape^)'.
Adult. Similar to H. cinnamominus on the upper surface, but with
black ear-coverts, forming a broad streak which is continued as a
nuchal band; the collar round the hind neck and the under surface
of the body are white, with a little tinge of buff on the flanks and
under wing-coverts. Total length 9 inches, culmen 1*8, wing 3*9,
tail 3, tarsus 0*6.
Young. Duller in colour than the adult, the mantle, back, and
scapulars dusky and inclining to olive-green; the wing-coverts
16 . HALCYON. 261
edged with sandy rufous; throat and abdomen white; fore neck,
"breast, thighs, and under tail-coverts cinnamon; crown of head
cinnamon, with the centre of the crown streaked with green,
forming a patch.
Hob. Island of Ponape.
a, Ad. sk. [Marquesas!] Purchased.
b, Juv. sk. [Vanikoro!] Purchased.
c, d. <$ ad. et juy. sk. Ponape' {Br. Kubary). Museum Godenroy.
31. Halcyon reichenbadrii.
Todirhamphus reichenbachii, Hartl. Arch. f. Nat. 1852, p. 21 (mus.
Dresd.).
Halcyon reichenbachii, Finsch.fyHartl. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 4; Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 93, no. 1121 (1869); Finsch, Jour. Mus. Godeffr.
viii. p. 11 (1875 : Pelew Isl.).
Halcyon cinnamoraina, pt., Sharpe, Monogr, Alced. p. 213 (1871).
Dacelo reichenbachii, SchL Mus. Pays-Bos, Revue, Alced. p. 29
(1874).
Adult Similar to II. mediocris, but much smaller, the collar
round the hind neck, and the under surface of the body being
white. Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 1-8, wing 3*3, tail 2*4,
tarsus 0*5.
Young. Similar to the adult, and with a white collar and white
under surface, but distinguished by sandy-buff margins to the wing-
coverts and by green streaks on the crown.
Hah. Pelew Islands.
a, b. Ad. et juv. sk. Pelew Islands. Mr. Cohen [C,].
32. Halcyon australasise.
Alcedo australasise, Vieill Now. Diet, xix. p. 419 (1818) j Bonn, et
Vieill. BUG. Metli. i. p. 397 (1823); Pucker. Rev. et Mag. de Zool.
1853, p. 389.
Halcyon coronata, S. Miill. Verh. Land-en Volkerik. p. 175 (183944);
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1840); Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 484.
Todirhamphus coronatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 157 (1850); Cass. Cat.
Hale. Philad. Mus. p. 11 (1852); Bp. Consp. Vohcr. Anis. p. 9
(1854); Cass. U.S. Bxpl. Biped., Birds, p. 218, pi. 19. fig. 2
(1858).
Paralcyon coronata, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 35, Taf. 421. fig. 3142
(1851).
Sauropatis australasise, Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 161
(18139); Meyer, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxxi. p. 763 (1881: Lorn-
bock, Timor, Wetter).
Dacelo coronata, Schl Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 58 (1863); id. op.
cit. Revue, p. 30 (1874).
Halcyon australasise, Gray, Iland-l, B. i. p. 92, no. 1118 (1869);
Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 215, pi. 81 (1870).
262 AXCEDIKIDJC.
Adult male. General colour green, more dusky on the upper
mantle; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts "brighter blue;
wing-coverts greenish, blue ; quills black, externally ultramarine;
tail deep ultramarine ; crown of head green, the forehead streaked
with cinnamon; lores and a very broad band over the eye, encircling
the nape, bright cinnamon ; eyelid blackish above, cinnamon below ;
ear-coverts dark green, black posteriorly, joined to a black collar
which surrounds the hind neck; this is succeeded by a broad
collar of cinnamon-buff; under surface of body cinnamon-buff,
paler on the throat; under wing-coverts and axillaries like the
breast. Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 1'5, wing 3. tail 2-2,
tarsus 1.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but rather duller in colour.
Total length 7*5 inches, culmen 1*55, wing 8, tail 2-1, tarsus 0*55.
Hah. Islands of Timor, Wetter, and Lombock.
a, b. S ad. et imm. sk. East Timor. Wallace Coll.
c, d. $ 5 ad. sk. Lombock. Wallace Coll.
e, t$ ad. sk. Lombock (A, JR. Wallace), Gould Coll.
Subsp. a. Halcyon minor.
Sauropatis australasite, var. minor, Meyer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i. p. 106
(1884).
Adult (type of species). Similar to E. australasice, but smaller,
and with the crown dusky green, the abdomen also white like the
throat; the ear-coverts also blacker than in H ausiralasice. Total
length 6*7 inches, culmen 1*6, wing 3*1, tail 2*05, tarsus 0*5. (Mvs.
Dresd.)
Hal. Timor-laut.
33. Halcyon sacer.
Sacred Kingfisher, var. A, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 021 (1782).
Alcedo sacra, var. A, Ghn, Syst. Nat. I. p. 458 (1788; ex Lath.).
Alcedo sacra, var. B, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 213 (1790): Bonn, et
Vieill JEnc. Meth. i. p. 294 (1823).
Alcedo collaris, varr. 1, 2, Forster^ JDescr. Anim. p. 163 (1844 \.
Dacelo vitiensis, Peale, U.S. Mvpl. Ea-ped. p. 150, pi. 144 (184S) •
Hartl. Arckf. Naturg. p. 110.
Halcyon supexciiiosa, Gray, List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 56 (1848): id.
Hand-L B. I p. 9% no. 1119 (1869).
Todirhamphus sacer, Bp. Com®, i. p. 156 (1850); Cass. Cat Hale.
Philad. in"*/*, p. 10 (1852).
Halcvon coronata (nee Mull), Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl Pacific
Ocean, p. 5 (1859).
Halcyon vitiensis, Gray, t. c. p. 5 (1859); id. Hand-L B. i. p. 93,
no. 1120 (1869)-
Todirhamphus vitiensis, Cass. U.S. Expl. Exped. pp. 195, 209, pi. 16
(1858). '*
Todirhamphus tuta, pt., Cass, t c. pp. 192, 209, pi. 15. figs. 1. 2
16. HALCYON. 263
Sauropatis superciliosa, Cab. 8c Seine. Mus. Rein. Th. ii. p. 158
(1860).
Halcyon sacra, Finsch # Hartl. Faun, Centralpohjn. p. 32 (1867); id.
F. Z. 8.1869, p. 545 (Tonga); Gray, Eanchl B. i, p. 93, no. 1130
(1809); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 223, pi. 85 (1870); Feh. Ibis,
1873, p. 19 (Otakeite; type) ; Layard, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 420 (Fiji) ;
id. Ibis, 1876, p. 391 fpt.: Ovalau, Mokani, Vanua Levu, Taviuni,
Loma Loma, Mango, Viti Levu, Kandavu); id. t. c. p. 501 (Tonga) j
Finsch, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 19 j Cab. $ Reichen. J. f. O. 1870,
p. 323 (Levuka); Finsch, op. cit. 1877, p. 773 (Friendly Ial.);
Layard, Ibis, 1878, p. 269, note; North, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.
(2jii. p. 441 (1887: Ovalau, breeding).
Adult. General colour above bright blue, slightly greenish on the
scapulars and mantle, but more brilliant on the wing-coverts, lower
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts; the quills black, externally
ultramarine-blue; tail-feathers ultramarine, blackish on the shafts
and along the inner web ; crown of head bright blue; lores black,
surmounted by a band of white, which commences at the base of the
nostrils and completely surrounds the crown; this white band is
followed by a second band of bright blue, which embraces the sides
of the face and ear-coverts and extends below the nape round the
hind neck; this blue band is again followed by a broad white band
round the hind neck; below the eye a white spot; cheeks and
under surface of body pure white, including the under wing-coverts
and axillaries; quills blackish below, ashy towards the base of the
inner web. Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 1*9, wing 4*2, tail 2*3,
tarsus 0*6.
In the Fiji Islands, but not, so far as I can find out, in Tongatabu,
the immature birds with rufous eyebrows have the sides of the body
and under wing-coverts orange-rufous. This character, however,
does not seem to be developed in equal extent in all specimens from
identical localities, and I have not been able to separate the Fiji
birds from the others from Tongatabu.
The specimens with the cinnamon-coloured eyebrow are by fax
the most plentiful in collections, but I believe that the fully adult
birds are those with the white eyebrow, though some of these may
have remains of immature plumage in the shape of blackish margins
to the feathers of the breast and cervical collar, The orange-buff
colour on the sides of the body is also probably a sign of immaturity,
but I cannot yet quite account for all the changes of plumage
which H. sacer apparently undergoes.
Hal. Friendly and Fiji Islands.
a. Ad. sk. Vavao, Friendly Islands, July. J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.].
b. Ad. sk. Vavao (Lieut Murray). Jardine Coll.
c. d, e. Ad. sk. Tongatabu. Sir E. Home [P.].
(Types of H. superciliosa.)
f. Ad. sk. Tongatabu. Sir E. Home [P.].
g-k. Ad. sk. Tongatabu (/. Brenchley: Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.).
Z, m, Ad. sk. Tongatabu, Nov. {Dr. Cop- Voy. H.M.S. ' Alert.5
pinger).
264 ALCEDIXIDJD.
n, o, p. $, q, r.
$ad.;s,jf. rf$
juy.sk.
w. 2 ad. sk.
i1. c? iiiini. sk.
u\ $ imm. sk.
.r, y, z. Ad. sk.
«'. tf acl. &k.
//. Imm. sk.
c'. 5 ad. sk.
d's e'>/> 6 inua.
sk.
Tous-atalm.
Levuka, Aug. 16" {E.Z.Zayard).
Ovalau, April 23 (Z. X. Zayard).
Taviuni, Aug. 14 [E. Z. Z.).
Taviuni (Ziardet).
Eewa, Jan. 7 (Z. X. Z.).
Mbau Island, Aug. 7.
Loma Loma, Dec. 8 (Z. Z.Z.).
Kandai u.
Voy. H.M.S. : Challender.'
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
J. Brenchlev, Esq. "P.".
Tweeddale Coll.
Toy. H.M.S. 'Chalfeng-
er.'
84. Halcyon julia.
Sauropatis juli^? Heine, J.f. 0. I860, p. 184.
Dacelo grayi, Schl. Mus. P.-B. Alced. p. 37 (1803).
Halcyon julise, Gray, Hand-l B. I. p. 93, no. 1124 (1800); Sharpe,
Zfonogr. Alced. p. 227, pi. 86 (1871); Trisir. Ibis, 1870, p. 200
(Erromango, Aneiteum, Aniira); id. Ibis, 1878; p. 208, note; id.
Ibis, 1879, p. 181 (New Caledonia), p. 191 (Vate*); Bamsay,
Proc. Zin?i. Sue. K. S. IF. iii. p. 337 (1879: Havannak Harbour) ;
Zayard, Ibis, 1880, p. 459 (Aneiteum, Tanna, Yate, S. Bartholomew,
In New Hebrides).
Adult. Mantle, upper back, and scapulars green; lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts brighter greenish blue; wing-covert b
bright greenish blue, the greater coverts and outer aspect of quills
ultramarine-blue, the inner stcondaiies greener; innur aspect and
ends ot quills black; tail-feathers blue, blackish, along the inner
edge and along the shafts ; crown of head greenish blue, surrounded
by a broad band of cinnamon-buff, which extends trom the base of
the nostril over the eye and surrounds the nape : lores and eyelid
black; sides of face and ear-coverts dark green, the hinder ear-
coverts black, which is continued in a band round the hind neck
and is followed by a broad white collar round the latter ; the mantle
separated from the white collar by a blackish shade; cheeks and
under surface of body pure white, including the under wing-coverts,
the latter slightly dusted with fulvous; quills blackish below, a>hy
fulvous along the inner web. Total length 8*8 inches, eulmcn 1*^,
wing 4*05, tail 2*7, tarsus 0*6.
Adult female. Like its ally, II. sacer, this species appears to
undergo a similar change of plumage, the fully adult bird having a
white eyebrow and nuchal collar: " bill black, white at base; feet
dark olive; iris dark" ((?. E. Richards). Total length. 8*5 inches,
culmen 1*8, wing 3-8, tail 2*5, tarsus 0*55.
Young. Much duller In colour and more dusky green than the
adults, with sandy-buff margins to the wing-coverts, the frontal
feathers also edged with sandy buff: a broad ferruginous eyebrow
continued into a nuchal collar; under surface of body white, the
sides of the body washed with tawny burl.
Hah. New Hebrides. Mr. Layard states that he has also received
it from Ansevata, New Caledonia.
16. KALCYOK. 265
f
a. Ad. sk.
b, c. Ad. sk
d, tf imm. sk.
New Hebrides.
New Hebrides.
Aneiteuin, June 16 (J. Mac-
J. Macgillivray [0.].
Oapt. J. Wicknam
Perry [P.].
Eyton Coll.
e. c? JU7. sk.
/ . S imm. sk.
gilliway).
Aneitemn, Dec. 10.
Aneiteum, Aug.
J. Macgillivray [0.].
J. Brenchley. Esq.
<7. S ad. sk.
#. c? juv. sk.
i $ ad. sk.
Erromango, Sept. 12.
Tanna, Dec. 5 (J. M.).
Havannah Harbour, Vate*, April
20 (G. E. Richards).
J. Macgillivray [0.1.
Gould Coll. *
Tweeddale Coll.
35. Halcyon occipitalis.
Todirhamphus collaris (nee Swains*), Blyth, J. A. S. Bene/, xy,
pp. 23, 51, 369 (1846).
Todirhamphiis occipitalis, Blyth, J. A. S. Bencj. xv. p. 309 (1840)
id. Cat. B. Mas. As. Soc. p. 48 (1849) ; Cass. U.S. Expl Exped.
p. 205, pi. 19. fig. 1 (1858).
Halcyon occipitalis, Ball, J. A. S. Beng. xxxix. p. 31 (1870); id.
Str. F. i. p. 58 (1873); id. Nests 8? Eggs Ind. B. p. 107 (1873) ;
Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 171 (1874: Nicobars); id. Str. F. viii. p. 86
(1879); Davison, Ibis, 1885, p. 332; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests #
Eggs, iii. p. 19 (1890).
Adult male. Very similar to H. juli<e, and having the same broad
superciliary band of cinnamon-buff, but this is much paler, and it
further differs in the ochreous-buff abdomen, flanks, and under
tail-coverts. Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 1*8, wing 4*1, tail 2*6,
tarsus 0*55.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but apparently always whiter
below. Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 2*16, wing 4*1, tail 3,
tarsus 0*65.
Hah. Nicobar Islands.
a, b. Ad. et imm. Nicobars (22. X Wimberley). Sharpe Coll.
sk.
c. Ad. sk. Nicobars. Hume Coll.
d-f: <$ ad.; g, h, Car Nicobar, March {A. O. H.: Hume Coll.
i. § ad. sk. W. D.).
k, I. ? ad. sk. Tillangchoung, Nicobars, March Hume Coll.
10 (A. O. H.).
m-w. 6 ad. et Camorta, Nicobars, Feb., March Hume Coll.
imm, * x-c'. $ (W. Davison).
ad. et imm. sk.
d', e'. (S $ ad. sk. Camorta, Dec. (R. J. Wimberley). Tweeddale Coll.
/. <3 imm.; g'. $ Trinkut, Dec, Jan. (B. J. WimTweeddale
Coll.
ad. sk. berley).
h'. $ ad. sk. Trinkut, March 1 (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
i'. $ ad. sk. Nancowry, Dec. (JR. J. WimberTweeddale
Coll.
ley).
h'. 6 &&> I h m'-Katchall, March (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
2 imm. sk.
Tress Island, March 15 (W. Hume Coll.
ri, o'. $ ? ad. sk.
Davison).
ALCEDIKTDJC.
2m
36. Halcyon pealii.
Dacelo albifrons, Peale, U.S. Expl Biped, p. 162 (1848, descr. nulM).
Todhhanrphus ruta {nee Gm.}, Cassin, U.S. Ei.pl Biped.7 Birds,
pp. 192, 206, pi. 15. tig-. 1 (1858).
HalcTon sacra {nee Gm.), Rtimsay, Proe. Linn. Soc. K. S. TT. ii.
p. 141 (1878: Tutuila).
Halcyon pealei, Finsch # BLartl. Faun. Centralpolyn. p. 40 (1867).
Adult General colour above green; the lower back, rump, and
upper tail-coverts lighter and more greenish blue, the lateral tail-
coverts edged with white on the inner web: wing-coverts also greenish
blue, the greater coverts and outer aspect of quills more ultramarine
; tail blue, with black shafts, the inner webs blackish, and
the outer feathers fringed with white at the end of their inner
webs ; crown of head green in the centre; forehead, eyebrow, and
sides of crown pure white, encircling the nape ; lores black; eyelid
white; ear-coverts dark green ; below the nape a band of black,
followed by a white collar round the hind neck; cheeks and entire
under surface of body pure white. Total length 8*5 inches, culmen
1-75, wing 3*95, tail 2*8, tarsus 0-55.
Bab. Island of Tutuila, Samoa group.
a. Ad. «k. ,'Tutuila.l Gould Coll.
b. $ ad. .4:. Tutuila, July. J. Brenekley, E>q. ~P._.
37. Halcyon tutuilas.
Halcvon coronata (nee S. Jfiill.), Peale, U.S. Ed pi. Biped, p. 156,
pi." 160 (1848); Bart!. Arch. Xaturg. 1852, p. 111.
Todirhamphus tuta, Cass. U.S. Expl. Bxped.^ Birds, pL 15. fig. 1
(1858).
Halcyon sacra (nee Gm.), Salvin, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 129 (Tutuila).
Adult. Similar to E. sacer, but having a broad white frontal
band which is continued into the white eyebrow and surrounds the
hinder nape in a band. Totals length 8*5 inches, culmen 1-8, wing
3-85, tail 2-7, tarsus 0-5.
Bab. Island of Tutuila, Samoa group.
a. Ad. sk. Tutuila (Bei\ J. Powell). Salvin-Grodman Coll.
38. HaleyOB tanae&sis.
Adult male. Similar to H. trisirami from the Fiji Islands (vide
p. 267), but differing in the wider extent of the orange-buff supraloral
spot; the collar on the hinder nape cinnamon; the cheeks and under
surface being also fulvous, paler on the throat, but deepening to
orange-buff on the lower abdomen, flanks, and under tail-coverts ;
under wing-coverts deep orange-buff. Total length 8'5 inches,
culmen 1*85, wing 3*9, tail 2-8, tarsus 0*55.
Bab* Island of Tanna, New Hebrides.
a.
d ad. sk. Tanna, Dec. 4 (Dr. F. M. Voy. IUI.S. < Herald.
Payner).
16 . HALCFON.
267
39. Halcyon tristrami.
Halcyon tristrami, Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 400, pi. 15 (San Cristoval);
Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. vii. p. 21 (1883: Solomon
Isl.); Finsch, Toy. der Sildsee, p. 8 (1884); Sharpe in Gould's B.
New Guinea, iv. pi. 54 (1885); Grant, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 330
(Fauro), 1888, p. 193.
Sauropatis tristrami, Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, iii. App. p. 524 (1882) ;
id. Agg. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 58 (1889).
Adult male. Green, like H. chloris, but rather larger, and easily
distinguished by the tawny-buff collar on the hind neck and tawny
imderparts ; the throat whitish; supraloral spot tawny buff; a
spot below the eye, and a few feathers above the latter, white; the
head green, but inclining to blue above the eye and on the sides of
the crown and nape; a concealed occipital patch of white or
ochreous buff: " bill black, white towards the base of lower
mandible; feet blackish; iris brown" (G. E. Richards). Total
length 8*5 inches, culmen 2, wing 4*15, tail 2*8, tarsus 0*6.
Adult female, Similar in colour to the male, but whitish on the
centre of the abdomen. Total length 9 inches, culmen 2*0, wing
4-25, tail 2-75, tarsus 0*6.
* Young. Exactly like the adult, but with a few dusky margins to
the feathers o£ the breast, and having a much shorter bill.
I t would seem that in this species the immature birds do not
have
any fulvous margins to the wing-coverts.
Hab. Solomon Islands and New Britain.
a.
<$ ad. sk. Blanche Bay, New Britain, L. O. Layard, Esq.
June 13. [O.].
b. cJ ad. sk. Blanche Bay, July 2 (G. E. Tweeddale Coll.
Richards).
c.Juv.sk. Kabahadai, New Britain, Feb. Rev. G. Brown [O.].
d. ? ad. sk, New Britain, May 22. Dr. Kubary [0.].
£,/.
d 2 ad. sk. Fauro, Solomon Islands. C. M. Woodford,
Esq. [0.].
40. Halcyon sanctus.
The Sacred King's Fisher, Philipps, Voy. Bot. B. p. 150 (1789) ;
White's Voy. N. S. W. p. 193, pi. 17 (1790).
Alcedo sacra, var., Shaw, Gen. Zool viii p. 78 (1811).
Halcyon sacra (nee Gm.), Staph, in Shaw Gen. Zool. xiii. p. 98
(1826); Jard. $ Selbtj, III Orn. ii. pis. 9G, 97 (c. 1839).
Halcyon collaris (nee Sivains.), Vig.fyMorsf,Tr. Linn. Soo. xv. p. 206
(1826); Gould, Syn. B. Austr. pt. iii. (1838).
Halcyon sanctus, Vig. § 'Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 206 (1826) ;
Sivains. Classif. B. ii. p. 335 (1837); Gould, B. Austr. ii. pi. 21
(1840); S. Mull. Verh. Land-en Volkenk. p. 175 (1839-44); Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); id.&ist Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. oQ (1848) -
Reiehenb. Vog. Neuholl p. 33 (1850); Elsey, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 25 ;
Ghmj,P.Z.S. 1858, pp. 172, 190, 1859, pp. 154, 160; id. Cat.
Mamm. $ B. New Guinea, pp. 20, 55 (1859); id. Cat B.
Prop. Isl. p. 6 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 346,1861, p. 433; id.
Ibis, 1862, p. 2] 6; Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 484; Peh. Reis. Novara,
Vog. pp. 44,161 (1865); Marti $ Finsch, P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 116,
'•$ Scl P. Z. S. 1869, p. 119; Biggies, Orn.
118 (Pelew Islands)
i
268
ALGEDIXIDJC.
Austr. pi. 2. fig. 2 (1869); 6'my, HandA. B. i. p. 92, no. 1112
(1869); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 239, pi. 91 (1870); Hartl
P. Z. S. 1872, p. 89 ; ScL P. Z. S. 1873, p. 3 ; Bruggem. Xat. Ter.
Bremen, v. p. 54 (1876); ScL P. Z. S. 1877, p. 105; Sharpe,
Jour. Linn. Soc. xiii. pp. 311, 492 (1878); ScL P. Z. S. 1878,
p. 289; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S. W. ii. p. 178 (1878), iii.
p. 261 (1878), iv. pp. 67, 97 (1879); Tristr. Ibis, 1879, pp. 181,
191, 438; Fimch, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 10 ; Sharpe, Jour. Linn, Soc.
xiv. p. 080 (1679); ScL P. Z. S. 1879, p. 447 (Duke of York
Island): Finsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 535 (New Britain); SJiarpe, Jonm.
Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 429 (1882: East Cape); Tristr. Ibis, 1882,
pp. 134,143 (Rendova Isl.); JEJ. B £ L. C. Layard, Ibis, 1882,
pp. 503, 543 (New Caledonia); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S. W.
vii. p. 20 (1883: Solomon Isl.); Finsch, Yog. der Sildsee, pp. 8,
24 (1884: New Britain); Sharpe, Toy. H.M.S. 'Alert; p. 24
(1884: Thursday Isl.); Ramsay, op. tit. (2) iv. p. 1086 (1886:
N.TT. Australia); Grant, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 330 (Solomon IRL),
1888, pp. 187, 193 (Rubiana; Guadalcanal*); Blasius, Ornis, iv.
p. 575 (1888 : Gt. Sanger); Xorth, Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S W.
(2) iii. p. 1774 (J888: Cumberland): Cox fy Hamilton, op. cit.
(2) iv. p. 401 (1889: Mudgee district); Xorth, t c p. 1025
(X."W. Australia).
Halcyon cinnamomeus (nee Sicains.), Less. Toy. Goquille, ZooL i.
p. 343 (1826); id. op. cit i. pt. ii. p. 690 (1828).
Alceclo vasrans, pt., Less. op. cit. i. pt. ii. p. 6^6 (1828).
Daeelo chlorocephala, var. b, Less. Traite, p. 246 (1831).
Alcfdo vai»an% ^ar. 1, Less. Compl. Buff., Oi\ p. 650 (1838).
Todiihamphus ^anctus, Bp. Cunsp. i. p. 150 (1850): Reidieah.
Handb., Alced. p. 33, Tat'. 418. fijr>. 31^1-33 ^l-ol) ; Bp. Cuny.
Volwr. Am\ p. 9 (1854); Cass. U.S. Btpl. E>ped. p. 214
(1858); Wall P. Z. S. 1802, p. 338, 1803, p. 23; Rose.ib. J. f. O.
1864, p. 118 ; Gould, Handb. B. Ausfr. i. p. 12S (1865): Ramsay,
Ibis, 1866, p. 327; Masters, Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S. W. I p. 47
(1876: Palm Island); Casteln. § Ramsay, t. c. p. 380 (Norman
River); Ramsay, t. c.ip. 390 (Pt. Moresby).
Todirbamphus australasisB (nee V.), Cass. Cat. Halcyon. PMlad.
Mm. p. 12 (1852).
Sauropatis sancta, Cab. § Heine, Mm. Hein. Th. ii. p. 158 (I860);
Wold. Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 44 (1872) ; Salvad. Ucc. Bom. p. 104
(1874); id. $ & Albert, Ann. Mm. Genov. vi. p. 184 (1875);
Salvad. op. cit. ix. p. 19 (1876), x. pp. 126, 306 (1877); id. P.Z. S.
1878, p. 94; id. Atti R. Accacl ScL Torino, xiii. p. 319 (1878) ;
D:Albert. § Salvad. Ann. Mm. Genov. xiv. p. 52 (1879); Salvad.
t e. p. 646 (K6 Islands); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 62 (Celebes);
Vorderm. Nat Tijdschr. Nedert. Ind. xliii. p. 177 (1884); Salvad.
Rep. Voy. HMA < Challenger; ii. Birds, p. 76 (1881); Meyer,
Sitz. u. AbhandL Ges. < Isis/1884, Abtli. i. p. 19 (Timor Lout);
Forbes, P.Z.S. 1884, pp. 426, 432; Meyer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. i.
p. 276 (1884); Guillem. P.Z.S. 1885, p. 548 (Menado), p. 568
(Ternate, Batchiau, Weda); id. t c. p. 627 (Waigiou, Batanta);
Meyer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. iii. p. 34 (1886: Kafu); Salvad. Agg.
Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 58 (1889).
Daeelo sancta, Schl litis. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 35 (1863); id. Vog.
Nederl. Ind., Alced. pp. 27, 59, pi. x. fig. 1 (1864); Finsch, Keu-
Guinea, p. 1G1 (1865); Schl. Mus. P.-B., Alced. Revue, p. 26
(1874); Rosenb. Reist naar Geelvinhb. p. 6 (1875).
? Halcyon sacra,
pt., Cab, fy Reichen. J. f. O. 1876, p. 323 (New
Hanover).
16 . HALCYON. 269
Adult male. General colour above green, the mantle, scapulars,
and lesser wing-coverts being of this colour, with a blackish shade
below the white collar on the hind neck; the back and upper tail-
coverts blue, a little brighter towards the latter; median and
greater wing-coverts and outer aspect of quills blue, the latter
dusky blackish at the ends and on the inner webs; tail blue, with
blackish shafts and edges to the inner webs; crown of head
greenish blue, brighter blue from behind the upper eye round the
nape ; lores, eyelid, sides of face, and ear-coverts black, washed
with blue on the latter, and continued in a black band round the
nape ; a concealed occipital spot of white; a supraloral spot of
sandy buff; over the eye a small streak of white; underneath the
gape the black of the sides of the face is continued in a line along
the fore part of the cheeks: a broad collar round the hind neck,
remainder of the cheeks and entire under surface of body pale
ochreous buff, paling to whitish on the throat, cheeks, and sides of
neck, the collar round the latter being pale also; flanks, under
wing-coverts, and axillaries deeper ochreous buff; quills dusky
below, rather ashy along the inner web : " bill black, the basal
half of the lower mandible fleshy white; feet fleshy red, tinged
with brown; iris dark brown" (J. Gould). Total length 7*5
inches, culmeu 1*6, wing 3*75, tail 2-4, tarsus 045.
Young. Similar to the adult, but with all the colours much
duller; the frontal feathers, all the wing-coverts, and inner secondaries
edged, with sandy buff; the feathers of the under surface and
of the collar on the hind neck edged with dusky brown, producing
a narrowly barred appearance.
After the first moult, though the colours of the young are almost
as bright as those of the adult, the dusky bars on the hind neck
and under surface are retained for some considerable time. The
back is, moreover, more olive-green than in the adults.
Hob. Australia to New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands and New
Hebrides, throughout the Papuan Islands to the Moluccas, Celebes,
Lombock, Java, and Sumatra.
a. Irani, sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
Australia.
Australia.
Australia (Sharps Coll.).
Australia.
Linnean Society.
(Type of species.)
Sir 1). Cooper [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Cull.
e,f. Ad. st.
g. <5 ad. sk.
h. Imm. sk.
i. 5 imm. sk.
South Australia.
South Australia.
South Australia.
Petersham, South Australia,
Sir G. Grey [P.].
Gould Coll.
Oapt. Stmt [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
k. Ad. sk.
I Ad. sk.
July 19 {Sharps Coll.).
Melbourne (Sharps Coll.).
New South Wales.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
7)i. Ad. sk.
n. 6 ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk.
New South Wales.
Hunter River, N. S. W., Sept.
Clarence River.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
p-s. Ad. et imm. Queensland (Sharps Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
sk.
t-v, Imm. sk. Queensland {J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman ColL
270
ic~y. Ad. sk.
z, a'. Ad. sk.
V. S ad. bk.
c. g ad.: d',e'.
9. ad. *k.
/'. Ad. sk.
//,/*'. Imm. n.
i. Ad. bk.
k',l\ Ad.sk.
7/1'. Iiiim. ^k.
a". £ ad. *?k.
»'. c ad. sk
y/. 2 ad, -k.
q . Ad. -k.
r'. Ad. sk.
.^f. Ad. M:.
/ ;
?/. -f ad. >k.
,\ Ad. 4v.
tc\ hum. 4i.
j'\y\z . Ad.sL
au. Ad. 4\.
&". Ad. bk.
cu. Ad. ak.
d". Ad. sk.
e". d* ad. sk.
f'f. 0 ad.sk.
</",£". d" imm.
et 2 imm. sk.
e". <J ad.sk.
k"-m". Iaim. sk.
n". rf ad. hk.
o". $ ad. sk.
p". Inim.sk.
q". Ad. sk.
rr/~f. Imm.sk
«". Ad. sk.
»". $ ad. sk.
%?". $ imm. bk.
AiCEDINIDJE.
Cape York (Cockerel! § Thorpe :
Sharpe Coll).
Port Albany ( C. Coxeii).
Booby Island, Torres Straits.
Thursday Klancl, July, Aug.
(Dr. Coppinger).
•Sunday Island, June 16.
Port Es^ington.
Port E-sington, July 2*>.
Victoria Ri\er, X.W. Australia.
Island of Xu. Port de France,
Xew Caledonia, April (J.
McGillivray).
Isle of Pines, Xew Caledonia,
Oct. (J. Mac&illivray).
Trinity Bay, July (J. Mac-
Gillivray).
New Caledonia (Sharpe Coll).
Loyalty Inlands.
Loyalty Islands.
Loyalty MancK
Duke of York Inland, Oct.
(fr. iJ/'otrn),
Xew Ireland.
Xew Guinea (J . II. Wallace],
A-trolaLe Mount tin*.
Yule Island, April ( Dr. James* I.
lloivr (A. JR. Wallace ; Sharpe
Colli
Salawati (Rosenberg: Sharpe
Coll.).
Waigiou { WaUact: Sharpe Coll),.
Gagie Island.
Mysol.
Aru Islands {A. JR. Wallace:
Shf/rpe Coll).
Wokan, Aru Ma id-.
Goram {A. M. Wallace: Sharpe
Coll.}.
X.
Ceram (A. It Wallace:
Sharpe thll).
Amboina, June (Leyden
Museum),
Bourn
(A* JR. Wallace: Sharpe
Coll).
Ternate.
Hahmahe>a (A. JR. Wallace)*
Sula Islands ( X JR. Wallace:
Sheirpe Coll).
Celebes (Leyden 3ftmettm).
Maea&b&r.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Yoy. of H.M.S.
''Challenger.'
Yoy. of H.M.S.
4 Alert/
J. B. Jukes, Esq. ]P.].
Capt. Chambers "P.".
Gould Coll. " "
J. R. Elsev, £feq.
"P.".
Yoy. "of H.M.S.
* Rattlesnake/
Gould Coll.
Yoy. of H.3I.S.
^Rattlesnake.'
Tweeddale Coll.
Sir G. Grey [P.].
Rev. S. Whitmee
Sir G7 Grey HP.].
Tweeddtle Coll.
P. L. Selater, E^q.
Tweeddale C »11.
Hon. flush Iloniillv
]P.].
Tu eeddiile Coll.
T\s eeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Vny. of H3I.S.
* Challenger/
Tw ceddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll
Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Kalvin-Godman Coll.
Wallace Coll,
16 . HAXCYOU.
271
a4". $ ad. sk.
y"-b3 . $ ad. sk,
c3, Ad. sk.
d3-^. Ad. et
imm. sk.
/A3-!8 . Ad. sk.
A3. Ad. sk.
ft Skeleton.
Togian Islands (.4. B. Meyer).
Lombock (A. R. Wallace).
E. Java.
Java (W. T. Fraser: Sharpe
Coll.).
Billiton (Walter).
Lanipong, S.E. Sumatra (E. C.
Buxton).
Australia.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
41. Halcyon vagans.
Alcedo sacra, var. d, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. p. 114 (1787).
Alcedo sacra, Tar. e, Bonn, et Vieill Enc. Meth i. p. 29-5 (1823).
Alcedo vagans, Less. Voy. * Coqxtille] i. pt. 2, p. 094 (1828).
Dacelo chlorocepkala, var. y, Less. Traite, p. 246 (1841).
Alcedo cyanea, Forster, Descr. Anim. p. 76 (1844).
Halcyon vagans, Gray, Zool. Voi/. i Erebus' fy l Terror,1 p. 3, pi. i.
(1846); id. Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mas. p. 57
(1848); id. Ibis, 1862, p. 216; Layard, Ibis, 18o3, p. 242 ; Ilutton,
Ibis, 1867, p. 379; Butter, Essay Orn. JST. Z. p. 7 (1867); Finsch,
J. f. 0. 1867, p. 318; Butter, Tr. N. Z. Inst. i. p. 122 (1869);
Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 92, no. 1113 (1869); Ilutton, t c. p. 160;
Potts, op. dt. ii. p. 52 (1870)• Sharpe, Monocjr. Aleed. p. 237,
pi. 90 (1871) ; Butter, B. iVT. Zeal p. 69 (1873); flutton, Ibis,
1874, p. 36; Sharpe, Voy. 'Erebus' # * Terror; App. p. 24 (1875);
Finsch, Ibis, 1882, p. 396; Ramsay, Froc. Linn. Soc. W. S. W.
vii. p. 88 (1883: Lord Howe's M ) ; Butter, B. N. Zeal. 2nd ed.
p. 121, pi. xiii. (1888) ; Etheridye, Mem. Aastr. 3Ius. Sydney,
no. 2 (Lord Howe's Island), p. 17 (1889).
Todirhamplius
vagans, Bp. Consp. i. p. 157 (1850); Reichenb.
Handb., Alced. p. 31, Taf. 419. figs. 3188-89 (1851) ; Cass. Cat.
Halcyon. Philad. Mus. p. 12 (1852); Bp. Consp. Valuer. Anis.
p. 9 (1854) ; Cass. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 201 (1858).
Dacelo sancta, pt., Schl. Mus. Pays-Mas, Alced. p. 37 (1863).
Dalcedo vagans, Schl. Mus. Bays-Bas, Alced. Revue, p. 28 (1874).
Halcyon sanctus (nee Vig. fy Horsf.), Finsch, J.f. 0.1870, p. 246.
Halcyon norfolkensis, Tristr. Ibis, "1885, p. 49.
Adult. Similar to H. sanctus, but larger, and ratlier duller in colour
above, and very often rich ochreous-red below: " bill black, with the
basal portion of the lower mandible white; feet dark brown, with
paler soles; iris black" (W. Buller). Total length 8*6 inches,
culmen 1*9, wing 3*8, tail 2*6, tarsus 0*5.
Young. Differs from the adult in having sandy margins to all the
wing-coverts, and dusky fringes to the feathers of the chest.
This is a large and richly coloured island race of II. sanctus. The
wing varies from 3*7 inches to 4.
Hah. New Zealand; Norfolk Island ; Lord Howe's Island.
a. Imm. sk. New Zealand. Antarctic Expedition.
New Zealand. New Zealand Comb.
Imm. sk. pany [P.].
New Zealand, June 20 (J. Gould Coll.
c. J imm.sk. McGillivray).
New Zealand (Von Haast: Tweeddale Coll.
d} e. Juv. sk. Sharpe Coll.).
ALCEDJGNTD.E.
f,g. Imm.; h. New Zealand. Sir G. Grey [P.].
Pull. sk.
i, k. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Percy Earl. Esq. ~P.n.
Ij m. Ad. et imm. New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.]T "
sir.
w. <£ jnv. bk. Dunedln, June. Hume Coll.
o, Imm. &k. Bay of Islands, Aug. : o {Dr. McCoroiick Coll.
McCormidc).
^;. Imm. sk. Norfolk Ifcland, June. J. Brenckley, Esq.
rp.\
> &k
q, r. 6 2 *imm< Norfolk Island, June (JDr, F Voy.SJkLS.'Herald/
M. jRai/aer).
b, t. J $ imm. sk. Eaoul Ibland (Dr. F. 31. Yov. H.M.S.-Herald.'
JRayner).
ii-i. Ad. sk. Lord Howe's Island. Mr. E. H Saundeifc
[0.].
42. Halcyon cassini
Todirliampkus yitiensis, pt, Cass. U. S, Expl. Exped., Birds, p. 210,
pi. xvi. %. 1 (1858).
Halcyon sacra, pt., Layard, Ibis, 1876, p. 391.
Halcyon cassini, Finsch $• Hartl. Faun. Centralpolyn. p. 40 (1867);
Layard, Ibis, 1876, p. 391 (Ovalau); Cab. $ Reichen, J. f. 0.1876,
p. 323 (Ovalau).
Adult Allied to H. clitoris, but with the blue colour of E. sacer,
from which it differs in wanting the broad e\ ebrow and nuchal
band. The ear-coverts are blue like the head; a supraloral ^pot
of white is produced into a narrow white superciliary line; the
occipital patch is pale cinnamon, but there is no continuation with
the eyebrow, the feathers of the sides of the crown being either
bright blue, or blue with white bases. Total length S*o inches,
culmen 1*65, wing 3*55, tail 2'Q5, tarsus 0-<5.
Two immature birds, from Ovalau and Levuka, apparently belong
to this species. They hare the flanks and abdomen, with the
under tail-coverts, bright orange-buff.
Hob* Fiji Archipelago.
a. Ad. sk. Fiji Islands. A. P. Gordon, E&q.
b. Ad. sk. Rewa? Viti Levu, Sept. J. MacGillivrav,E>q.
[0.].
c. $ Imm. sk. Levuka, July 18 (F. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
d. (J imm. sk. Ovalau, June 12 (JB. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Matuka. Gould Coll.
HALCYON CHLORIS and its allies,
A study of the ample material which now exists in the British
Museum has compelled me to modify very considerably the conclusions
arrived at in my ' Monograph? nearly twenty years ago.
Instead of the single species which I then acknowledged, I am able
to recognize several forms of H. chloris, which may be admitted to
the rank of races or sub-species, and in most cases a clearly defined
geographical range aids in their recognition. Only here and there
16. HALCXW. 273
is to be found a specimen which seems to be intermediate between
the races; and as several of the latter appear to be migratory, it is
quite possible that some of them hybridize with the resident birds
of the countries which they visit. The true H. clitoris of Scopoli
appears to be the Philippine bird.
The nearest ally to true H. Moris seems to be H. armstrongi,
which ranges from the Sunderbunds through the Burmese provinces
to the Malayan Islands, being probably migratory in the latter
localities. Its distinguishing characteristics are the green ear-
coverts and the very slight development of the black collar round
the nape. The eyebrow, such as it is, is bluish green.
In the Malayan Peninsula occurs a brilliantly^ coloured form of
H. Moris, which is probably the resident species I of that part of
the world. Its general colour is bright blue, with vivid ultramarine
wings and tail. There is scarcely any trace of a black
collar on the nape, and in old birds this nuchal collar is blue. The
ear-coverts are always bright blue, and there is a tinge of buff on
the flanks and under wing-coverts, sometimes amounting to a
distinct wash of tawny or orange. The females are greener and
not so easy to distinguish from E. clitoris, but the males are very
distinct.
In the Andamans there is a blue form of R. Moris, very similar
to the one from Malacca, but differing in its evident black nuchal
collar and blacker ear-coverts; on the upper mantle also, below the
white cervical collar, is a distinct shading of black, and the entire
breast has a fawn-coloured tinge, deepening into tawny buff on the
flanks and under tail-coverts.
In the Togian Islands, near Celebes, occurs another of these
ultramarine-coloured races. It has a curiously upturned bill,
resembles the Andaman species in its black ear-coverts and nuchal
collar, but has only a little orange-buff on the flanks, thereby
resembling the Malayan species.
43. Halcyon chloris. (Plate YI1.ftg. 3.)
Martin-pecheur a collier blanc des Philippines, Sonn. Voy> Noui\
Gum. p. 67, pi. 33 (1776;.
Martin-pecheur a tete verte du Cap de Bonne Esperance, DaubenL
PL Mil viii. pi. 783. fig. 2.
Le Martin-pecheur a tete verte, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 190
(1780).
Le Martin-pecheur a collier blanc, Buff. t. c. p. 192 (1780).
Green-headed Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. % p. 620 (1782).
Alcedo chloris, Bodd. Tall PL Enl p. 49 (1783).
Alcedo collaris, Scop. Del Flor. etFaun. Insubr. ii. p. 90 (1786); Lath.
hid. Orn. i. p. 250 (1790): Kittl. Kupf. Tog. i. pL 14. fig. 1 (1833);
S. Mull Verh.Land-en Volkenk. p. 21 (1839-44); Posenb. Malay.
Arch. p. 364 (1878-79).
Alcedo sacra, var. e, Gm. Syst Nat. i. p. 453 (1788, &c Sonn.).
Alcedo chlorocephala, Gm. S. N. i. p. 454 (1788, ex Daub.); Lath.
Ind. Orn. i. p. 250 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool Vm. p. 77 (1811);
Cuvier, Pegne Anim. i. p. 417 (1817); Vieill Now. Diet. d'Eist
VOL. xvn. T
274
ALCEDES1DJL.
Nat. xix. p. 417 (1818); Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc.^iii. p. 174 (1821);
Eaffi. t. v. pt. 2, p. 293 (1822): Feiehenb. J.f. 0. 1854, p. 150.
Halcj on eollaiis, Swains. ZooL Illustr. i. pi. 27 (1820); 8. Mull.
Terh Land-en Volkenh. pp. 174, 175 (lb39-44); Gray, Gen. B.
i. p. 79 (lb40); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 56 (1848); Horsf. #
Moore, Cat. B. Mus. JE.I. Co. i. p; 127 (lb54); Gray, P. Z. S.
Ib58, pp. 171,190 (Am Wands): Id. Cat. B. Xeic Giun. pp. 19,
r)o (lbo9;: zV. P. Z. £. IbOQ. p. 311 (Batcliian, Gilulo) ; id.
P. Z. S. lbUl, p. 433 (Gagie, M}Sol, Am); >SW. P. X >S" 180%
]). 213 (lhak River); Wall. t. c. pp. 23 (Buuru), 484 (Lorabock,
Flores, Timor).
Halcyon sacra, var. F, Bonn, et Vieill. Enc. Meth. i. p. 295 (1823).
Halcyon chloruceplialua, Steph. in Shaw's Gin. ZooL xiii. p. 100
(lb26); Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 335 (lb37): Marti. Ibis, 1859,
p. 339.
Dacelo clilorocephalus, Less. Traite, p. 240 (lbol).
Halcyon eliloris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1840); Motley $f Dilhv.
Sat, Hist. Labuan, p. 12 (1855); Feb. Pels. Xovara, p. 44 (1805:
Java); Gray, Hand-list B. i. p. 92, no. 1110 (1809); .Sharp,
Monogr. Alced. p. 229, pi. b7 (1870); Walden fy Layard, Ibi^
lb72, p. 90(NegTOb): Hume, 8tr. F. i. p. 451 (1873: Aclteen);
Fuller, Ibis, lb74, p. 114; Bruggem. AhhandL nat. Ver.
Bremen, v. p. 73 (1870: Celebes.); Felz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wle/i,
xxiv. p. 718 (1870); Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Sue. (2) L p* 319
(I N 0 : Philippines); Sharpe, P. Z. S. Ib79, p. 332 (Labuan);
id. P. Z. S. Ibbl, p. TQS^fcandakan); XichoK Ibis, 1881, p. 142
(Java), lbb3, p. 89 (Segilind River); Sharpe, Ibis, Ibbb, p. 197
(Palawan); Everett, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 22o: Whitehead, Ibi\
lb90, p. 45 (Palawan); Sharp**, t. e. pp. 90, 2SS (X. Borneo);
Steere, List Birds $ Mamm. E.tped. Fhilipp. p. 11 (lb90).
Tolirhanrplius
cullaris, Blyth, Cat. B. Mas. As. Soc. p. 48 (1849);
Bp. Consp. i. p. 156 (lb50): Feiehenb. Handb., Alced. p. 30, Taf.
417. tig. 3129, Taf. 403. B. iia\ 3390(1851); Bp. Consp. Valuer.
Anis. p. 9 (1854); Wall P. Z. S. Ie02, p. 338; id. P Z. 8. lbGS,
p. 23 (Bouru).
To&irhamplius eliloxoceplialiis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 156 (lb50j; lieiehenb,
Handb., Alced. p. 31, Taf. 417. %. 3128 (1851); Bernst J. f. O.
1859, p. 189 (Java).
Toiirbamplius
cbloris, Cass. Cat. Hale. FMlad. Mm. p. 10 (1852);
vl IT. 8. Expl. Exped. p. 203 (1858); Felz. Feis. Xovara, Vdg.
p. 44 (1865); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 61 (Celebeb).
Dacelo cliloris, SchL Handl. Fieri:. p, 32 (1857); id. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Alced. p. 32 (1863); id. Tog. JSederl. Ind. pp. 2Q, oS, pi. x. %&.
3, 4 (1804); Finsch, Keu-Guinea, p. 161 (1805); SchL Mus. P.-B.
Alced Fame, p. 21 (1874); Bilttik. Notes Leyden Mus. viii p. 62
(1886: Teniniberlsk).
Sauropatis cbloris,
Cab. fy Heine, Mtis. Main. Th. ii, p. 160 (1860);
Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 103 (1874); Walden, Trans. Z. S. ix. p. 155
(1875); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. vii. p. 653 (1875: Celebes),
viii. p. 374 (Bourn), ix. p. 53 (1876; Sanghir), x, pp. 126, 305
(.1877); Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 690 (Luzon); id. Ibis, 1877,
p. 296 (Lampong); id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 108 (Dinagat), p. 282
(NTegros), p. 341 (Leyte), p. 709 (Bobol); id. P. Z. S.1879, p, 69
(Basilan); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. xiv. p. 646 (1879 : Ke Isl.);
id. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 470 (1880); Tweedd. Hep. ZooL Coll.
H.M.8. ' Challenger; ii. p. 13 (1881); Salvad. t. c. p. 76 (Am
Islands); Meyer, Verh. z,-b. Ges. Wien, xxxi. p. 763 (1881:
Sumba), p. 770 (Luang), p. 772 (Daweloor); Bias. u. Nehrk. Verh.
16 . HALCYON.
275
z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxxii. p. 421 (1883 : Aniboma); Kutter, J. f. 0.
1883, p. 301 (Sibulan); Scl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 200; Meyer, Zeitsehr.
ges. Orn. i. p. 276 (1884 : Aru); id. Sitz. u. Alhandl. Ges. l Ms '
Dresden, 1884, p. 19 (Babbar, Letti); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 432
(Timor Laut); JPleske, Bulb. Acad. ST. Pctersb. xxix. p. 256 (1884:
Ternate); Guittem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 236 (Sulu), p. 502 (Smnbawa),
p. 547 (Celebes), p. o(S8 (Batchian, Obi); Vorderm. Tijdsehr.
Nederl hid. xlvi. p. 1 (1886: W. Java), p. 11 (Borneo); Blasius,
Zeitsclir. ges. Orn. iii. p. 90 (1886); id. Ornis, iv. p. 307 (Palawan),
p. 573 (1888: Great Sanglrir); Salvad. Aqg. Orn. Fajmasia, i. p. 57
(1889) j Vorderm. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl Indie, 1. Afl. 4, p. 439
(18U0: Billiton).
Adult male. General colour above bright green on the mantle,
upper back, and scapulars ; the lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts being bright cobalt-blue; wing-coverts shining cobalt-blue;
the greater series, as well as the external aspect of the quills, deep
ultramarine, the rest of the quills blackish ; tail ultramarine-blue;
crown of head bluish green, lighter blue on the eyebrow ; a large
concealed spot of white on the occiput; lores black, surmounted by
a spot of white ; lower edge of eyelid white ; above the eye a few
white feathers ; ear-coverts black, slightly washed with bluish green
on the anterior and lower portions; sides of neck and a broad collar
round the hind neck white, separated from the crown by a narrow
collar of black; cheeks and under surface of body pure white, including
the under wing-coverts and axillaries: " bill black; feet
dark brown• iris brown " (A. H. Everett). Total length 9*3 inches,
culmen 2, wing 4, tail 2-7, tarsus 0*5.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 8*7
inches, culmen 2*1, wing 4*1, tail 2'5, tarsus 0*5.
Under the heading of E. clitoris I have retained Indo-Malayan
and Moluccan specimens, but I am not yet satisfied that they are
all strictly identical. I have not, however, been able to draw the
line between some of these races, for some have green ear-coverts
and approach H. armstrongi of Siam and Tcnasserim, whereas others,
especially those from some of the Molucca Islands, have black ear-
coverts joining a very broad black nape-band. The females and
young birds appear to have invariably blacker ear-coverts than the
adult males. Some Javan specimens have a tolerably distinct
superciliary line of white.
ffab. From Sumatra and Java to the Philippines, thence to the
Moluccas.
a. Ad. sk. Sumatra (Sir S. Raffles). India Museum.
b-g. Ad. et mini. Sumatra (A. F. Wallace $ C. Tweeddale Coll.
sk. Bock),
h, i. $ ad.; h-o. Acheen, Sumatra, Feb. ( W. Hume Coll.
5 ad. sk. Davison).
p~t.
Ad. sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra (E. C. Tweeddale Coll
Buxton),
u. Ad. sk. Java.
Gould Coll.
v. Ad. sk. Java (Dr. Horsfield). India Museum.
to. Ad. sk, Java (Leyden Museum). Salvin-Godman ColL
x2
276
ce, y, z. Ad. et
imm. sk.
a, V. Ad. sk,
c', d'. Ad. et
inrni. sk.
e'. Ad. &k.
/' . $ imm. tek.
^'. $ ad. sk.
h', J imm. sk.
z'. Juv. sk.
k'} I'. S 2 imm.
sk.
>w', //. S ad. sk.
<?'. ^ ad. sk.
y . 2 imm. sk.
#', >•'. d $ ad. sk.
«'. 2 ad. sk.
t', u'. S 2 ad. sk.
v'. <$ ad. sk.
io'. 2 ad. sk.
x'. cS ad. sk.
#', z'. 6 2 a#-s^
«". (5" ad. sk.
3". 2 ad. sk.
c"-e". tfad.:/".
2 ad. sk.
</", A". Ad. sk.
i"-l". Ad. sk.
m". cS ad. sk.
?z". 2 imm. sk.
o". $ imm. sk.
p", q". d ad. ;
r". Ad. sk.
s". tfad.; ff. 2
imm. sk.
w". Ad. sk.
z>", w". Ad. sk.
x". Ad. sk.
y"~~a?l Imm. sk.
&3, c\ 2 ad. &k.
f 3 . Imm. sk.
ALCEftmUiE,
Java (Sharpe Coll.).
East Java ( A i2. Wallace :
Sharpe Coll.).
Billiton.
Labuan (J] Motley).
Manila.
Luzon, April (A. B. Meyer).
Monte Alban, Luzon, March
(A. H. Everett).
Marinduque, May.
Ilo-Ilo, Panay.
Guiinaras, March (A.B.Meyer).
Negros (L. C. Bayard).
Valencia, Negros, Aug. (A. H.
Everett).
Cebu, March, April (Meyer 4'
Bverett).
Dumaguete, Aug. (A. H.
Everett).
Amparo, S. Leyte, July, Aug.
(A. E. Bverett).
Dinagat Is., June (A. H.
Bverett).
Surigao (A. EL. Bverett).
Butuan li., May (A. 3. Eierett).
Oamiguin.
Basilan.
Basilan, May (A. II. Everett).
Lombock (A. B. Wallace).
Mores (A. B. Wallace : Sharpe
Coll.).
Solor (A. B. Wallace : Sharpe
Coll.).
Timor? Oct.
Timor (A. B. Wallace : Sharpe
Coll.).
East Timor (A. B. Wallace :
Sharpe Coll.).
Celebes ( W. T. Eraser: Sharpe
Coll.).
Menado (JR. von Buivenhode :
Sharpe Coll.).
Menado.
Menado.
Macassar.
Sula Islands (A. B. Wallace:
Sharpe Coll.).
Batehian (Bernstein: Beyden
Museum).
Batehian (A. B. Wallace:
Shajpe Coll).
Gilolo (A. B. Wallace : Sharpe
Coll.).
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
E. L. Moseley "0/\
TOT. of H.M.S. "
^Challenger.7
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Toy. of H.M.S.
' Challenger.'
Prof. Steere ~G.\
Tweeddale Coll.Gould
Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Gould Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
16 . IIALCTOX. 277
g\ 6 ad.; h\ $
irum. sk.
i3
. Ad. sk.
Jc3,l3. tf ad.; m3.
2 ad. sk.
n3. S ad. sk.
o, F5- d ? ad.
sk.
q3. Ad. sk.
r3. Imm. sk.
s3. Imm. sk.
t2
. J imm. sk.
w3. S ad. sk.
?i3. Skeleton.
Bouru (A. JR. Wallace).
Amboina.
Timor Laut, Aug., Sept.
N. Cerani (A. B. Wallace).
Banda.
Banda (A. H. Wallace: SJiarpe
Coll).
Goram (A. R. Wallace: Sharpe
Coll).
Mysol.
Gagie Island (A. JR. Wallace:
Sharpe Coll.).
Aru Islands (-4. JR. W.).
Java.
Tweeddale Coll.
Wallace (M.
H. 0. Forbes, Esq.
[C.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Voy. of H.M.S.
f Challenger.'
Tweeddale "Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Subsp, a. Halcyon armstrongi. (Plate VII. fig. 1.)
Halcyon collaris {nee Swains.), Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 151 (Bangkok).
Halcyon chloris (nee Bodd.), Hume, Sir. F. ii. p. 470 (1874);
Annstr. St?\ F. iv. p. 806 (1876: Irrawady Delta); Hume §• Davison,
Sir. F. vi. p. 78 (1878: Tenasserim); Hume, Str. F. viii.
p. 86 (1870, pt.) j Oates, Handb. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 85 (1883).
Todirhainphus collaris (nee Sioai?is.), Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 228 (1862).
Todirhanrphus chloris (nee Bodd.), Hume, Ibis, 1870, p. 438 (Sunderbunds).
Sauropatis chloris (nee Bodd.), Blyth # Wald. B. Burm. p. 71 (1875);
Mull. J.f.O. 1882, p. 398 (Salanga).
Adult male. Similar to H. chloris, but with green ear-coverts and
the black band round the nape obsolete. Total length 9 inches,
culmen 1*9, wing 4*2, tail 2*7, tarsus 0*5.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour : " upper mandible
and tip of lower mandible black, whitish slate-colour at the base;
feet purplish brown, claws black; iris light brown" (W. Davison).
Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 1*95, wing 4*1, tail 2-7, tarsus 0-5.
Hob. From the Sunderbunds to Burmah, Tenasserim, and Siam,
south to the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Northern Borneo.
a, b. S ad.; c, Sunderbunds, April, Sept. (V. Ball). Hume Coll.
d. $ ad. sk.
e. cS ad. sk.
/ . <? ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. (S ad. sk.
i. J ad. sk.
k. J imm. sk.
l-o. S ad.; p-
v. J ad. et
Elephant Point, Dec. 9 (J. Armstrong).
Synam, Peb. 16 (J. Armstrong).
Irrawady Delta.
Thatone, Tenasserim.
Yea, April (W. Davison).
Wippitan, Dec. (J. Darling).
Amherst, Dec, Jan., March, July (W.
Davison).
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
imm. sk.
iv, x, y. 6 $
ad. sk.
Mergui, June, Nov. (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
z. J ad. sk. Xolan Island, Mergui Archip., Dec.
("IT7". Davison).
Hume Coll.
278 ALOEDETCDJE.
«',
c'.
V. Ad. sk.
c? ad. sk.
Siam.
Tonka, Jan. (J. Darling).
Gould Coll.
Hunie Coll.
d\
e'.
f&'•
. $ ad. sk.
$ ad. sk.
. 6 acl. sk.
cf ad. sk.
Tapraw, April (J. Barling).
Singapore Island, Feb. (W. D.).
Acheen, Sumatra, Feb. ( W. B.\.
Omadal Island, X. Borneo, April.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Dr. A^McKinlay
~P."
Subsp. /3. Halcyon vidali.
Halcyon chloris {nee Bodd.), Hume} Sir. F. tii. p. 10b (1678: »S.
Konkan); Tidal, op. cit. Tiii. p. 414 (1879); Hume, i.e. p. Hi
(1879, pt.); Tidal, op. cit is. p. 50 (1880: Ratnagiri): Buth)\
Cat. B. 8. Bomb. Pres. p. 19 (18fc0).
Adult male. Similar to H. Moris, and bright greenish blue on the
back, wings, and tail; below white with a creamy-buff tinge; no
black nuchal band; ear-coverts green. Total length 10*2 inches,
culmen 2*1, wing 4*4, tail 3, tarsus 0*6.
Adult female. Resembles the adult male in colour and has similar
green cheeks. Total length 10*5 inches, culmen 2*1, wing 4*5,
tail 2-75, tarsus 0*65.
Hah. South Konkan, "Western India.
a-d. S ad.; e,f, Ratnasriri, S. Konkan, Oct., 2sov. Ilame Coll.
$ ad. sk. (G. Tidal).
g,h. S ad.; i. 2 Kelski Creek, Feb. (G. Tidal). Hume Coll.
ad. *k.
Subsp. y. Halcyon abyssraicns.
Ceryle abjssinica, Lie Jit. Nomencl. Ar. p. 07 (1^54; ex Heuipr. ty
Mr. M88.).
Dacelo chloris, Heugl Or a. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 194 (I860).
Halcyon chloris {nee Bodd.), Finsch, Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 222 (1870);
id."^ Hartl Tilg. Ostafr. p. 1G3 (1670); A/din. fy tialvad. Tiagy.
Bogos, p. 68 (1873 : Ma^sowa).
Halcyon abyssinica, Feb. Sitz. k. Akad. TTie/i,xx. p. 500 (1850) ; id.
JReis. Novara, Tog, p. 40 (1865).
Adult. Similar to H. chloris, but very much greener, with green
wings and tail; no black nuchal collar ; ear-coverts green; underneath
entirely white : " upper mandible and edges and tip of lower
mandible horny black, the lower mandible fleshy white at the base;
feet pale dusky fleshy ; iris umber-brown " (Hmiglin). Total length
5*2 inches, culmen 2, wing 4*1, tail 2*7, tarsus 0*55.
Hah. Coast of the Red Sea.
a. Ad,; b. $ Zoulla, Abyssinia-, March ( W. Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.
ad. sk.
44. Halcyon sor&i&us.
Halcyon sordidus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 72; id. B. Austr. fol. ii.
pi. 23 (1848); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); Eeichenb. Tog.
Neuholl p. 209 (1850); Gray, Hahd-l B. i. p. 92, no. 1114 (1869);
Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 233, pi. 88 (1870); Biggies, Om.Aust
pi. (c. 1870) • Ramsay, Proc. Linn. 8oc. W. 8. W. ii. p. 179 (1878);
16 . HALCYON.
279
S/iarpe, Vot/. H.M.S. 'Alert,' p. 24 (1K84); Bamsaij, Tab. List
Austr. B. p. 3 (1888).
Todirhamphus sordidiw, Bp. Consp. i. p. 157 (1850); lleiclumb.
Handb., Alced. p. 32, Taf. 410. figs. 3136-37 (1851); Cass. Cat.
Halcyon. Philad. Mus. p. 12 (1852); Bp. Consp. Volucr. Arris.
p. 9 (1854); Cass. U.S. Expl Exped. p. 212 (1858); Gould, HandL
B. Austr. i. p. 132 (1865) ; Masters, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i.
p. 47 (1876); id. op. cit. ii. p 270 (1877: Port Darwin).
Halcyon sordida, Tar., Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 172. *—-
Sauiopatis sordida, Cab. § Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 50 (1860).
Sauropatis grayi, iid. t. o. p. 59 (1860).
Halcyon grayi,* Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 92, no. 1115 (I860).
Adult male. Similar to II. Moris ^ but of a dusky olive-green on
the head, mantle, scapulars, and back; the lower back, rump, and
upper tail-coverts more greenish blue ; wing-coverts like the mantle*
but the greater coverts and outer aspect of the quills deep ultra
marine-blue ; tail also blue; a small loral spot of white, but no trace
of a white eyebrow; eyelid black, with a small white spot below
the eye; sides of face and ear-coverts black, faintly washed with
olive-green ; sides of body white, with a black patch on the sides of
the upper breast;
round the hind neck a broad white collar, sepa
rated from the crown by a line of black; the upper mantle also
divided from the white collar by a blackish shade; a concealed occi
pital spot of white: " upper mandible and tip of lower one black,
the base of the latter fleshy white." Total length 10 inches, culmen
2*4, wing 4-4, tail 3, tarsus 0*6.
Young. Differs from the adult in having dusky fringes to the
feathers of the sides of the face, hind neck, and under surface of
body.
Hob. North-eastern and Northern Australia, the Louisiade
Islands, and the Ara Islands.
a-c,
Ad. sk. Moreton Bay, Queensland (P. Gould Coll.
Strange),
d, e. Ad. et Moreton Bay (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk.
f-i. Ad. et imm. Cape York (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.
k.
Ad. sk. Port Darwin, Nov, {Br. Cop-Voy. of H.M.S.
pinger). 1 Alert.'
I, m. S ? ad. sk. Hope'lslands, July 19 (J. Mac Capt. Stanley [P.].
gillivray).
n. $ ad. <k. Louisiade Islands, July 26. J. Macgillivray [C.].
o,p. Ad. et juv. sk. Aru Islands (A. P. Wallace), Gould Coll.
q. § ad. sk". Dobbo, Aru Islands. Voy. of II.M.S.
' Challenger.5
45. Halcyon forsteni.
Halcyon forsteni, Bp. Consp. i. p. 157 (1850; ex Temm. MSS) • Gray,
Hand-l. B. i. p. 93, no. 1128 (1869); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced.
p. 235, pi. 89 (1870).
Dacelo foibteni, Sold. Mus. Pays-Bos, Alced. p. 37 (1863) ; id. Vog.
Nederl. Ind., Alced. pp. 29, 60, pL 11. fig. 1 (1864); id. Reme,
Alced, p. 23 (1874).
Sauropatis forsteni,
Wold. Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 44 (1872).
280
ALCEDIXID2E.
Adult (type of species). Head dark green, lighter along the sides
of the crown and towards the nape; ear-coverts and nape very dark
green, almost black ; hack and scapulars deep green; wing-coverts
green, inclining to blue; quills black, lighter at the base, edged
externally with greenish blue ; tail greenish blue above, black beneath
; cheeks, a collar round the neck, and entire under surface of
body white, blotched with greenish black, not so marked on the
throat, which is white; a small loral spot of white ; under wing-
coverts blue: upper mandible black, the lower one pale yellow,
black towards the tip. Total length 9 inches, culm en 1-9. wing 4*2,
tail 2-6, tarsus 04.
Hah. Celebes.
Since the typical specimen was discovered by Forsten at Gorontalo,
no traveller has met with the species, and it is doubtful if it is
more than an accidental variety of H clitoris. Professor Schlegel
took this view in his ' Eevue,' p, 22.
46. Halcyon solomonis. (Plate VII. fig. 2.)
Halcyon chloris
(nee Bodd.), Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 3 (New Ireland);
id. P. Z. S. 1877, p, 105; Cab. c$* Reicken. J. f. O. 1876, p. 323
(• Gazelle' Exped.); Salvad. Ibis, 18&0, p. 127; Finsth, Ibis, 1881,
p. 586 (New Britain) ; id. Tog. der Sudspp, p. 8 (18S4).
^ Todirlianiphus chloris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 121.
Halcyon julia3 (nee Heine), Tristr. Ibis, 1879, p. 34s (San Cri«toal).
Halcvon chloris, var., Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. JSr.S, W. iv. p. 67
(1879: Guadalcanal*).
IlalcvoB salamonis, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. JV. 8. W. vii. p. 21
(1882 : Ugi; S. Ciistovaf).;1
Sauropatis juliee, pi, Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, iii. App. p. 524 (18S2).
Sauropatis salomonis, Sal tad. Ann. Jim. Civic. Gem v. xviii. p. 420
(1882).
Adult female (one of the typical specimens). Allied to II chloris,
and having black ear-coverts continued in a very broad nuchal
collar ; white occipital patch obsolete ; mantle conspicuously black,
below the white nuchal collar• head bright greenibh blue, the sides
of the hinder crown brighter blue; lores and a narrow streak above
the eye white; cheeks and under surface of body pure white. Total
length 8-5 inches, culmen 1*8, wing 3*6, tail 2*5, tarsus 0*5.
Hah. Solomon Islands, Louisiades, New Britain, New Ireland,
and the New Hebrides.
a. Ad. sk. Louisiades. Gould Coll.
b. (5 ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Q ad. sk.
New Britain (G. Brown).
New Ireland.
Ugi, Solomon Islands.
Ugi, Solomon Islands.
Tweeddale Coll.
P. L. Sclater, Esq. [P.].
J.Brenchley^Esq.^P.]1 .
Mr. J. T. Cockerell
/. Ad. sk. Solomon Islands (J. Brazier).
[O.].
Tweeddale Coll.
g. § imm. sk. Aneiteum, New Hebrides, J. Macgillivrav ["C.n .
Oct 19.
k $ ad. sk. Api, New Hebrides. Voy. of H.M.S.
'Challenger.'
16. HALCYON.
281
47. Halcyon suvemsis.
Male (not quite adult). Similar to H. solomonis, but smaller,
and having the same broad black band enclosing the ear-covcrts and
joining a broad nuchal collar of black; the lores and feathers below
the eye are also black, whereas in H. solomonis they are green.
The entire mantle is blackish. " Bill black, white towards the base
of the lower mandible; feet black; iris black" (K L. Layavcl).
Total length 8 inches, culmen 1*6, wing 3-6, tail 2-45, tarsus 0-6.
The lower flanks, vent, and under tail-coverts are tinged with
fulvous, but this may be a sign of immaturity.
Hah. Suva, Fiji Archipelago.
a. <$ ad. sk, Suva, Feb. 22 (E, L. LayarcT). Tweeddale Coll.
48. Halcyon Immii. (Plate VIII.)
Halcyon
chloris, Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 229 (1870, pt.); Hume,
Str. F. viii. p. 49 (1879); Kelliam, Ibis, 1881, p. 381 (Perak).
Todirhamphus collaris, Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 269 (Penang).
Adult male. General colour above bright Hue, the lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts deep cobalt; wing-coverts brilliant
blue ; outer aspect of quills and tail deep rich ultramarine; crown
of head bright blue like the mantle; lores white, connected with a
narrow line of white above the eye; below the eye a white spot;
on the occiput a concealed patch of white; ear-coverts bright blue
like the crown • the nuchal collar, separating the occipital patch from
the white hind neck, also blue, like the ear-coverts, with which the
collar is continuous ; round the neck a broad white collar ; cheeks
and under surface of body white, with an orange-buff tinge on the
sides of the body and flanks. Total length 8'5 inches, culmen 1*8,
wing 3*9, tail 2*G, tarsus 0*6.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but not quite so bright and a
little greener; the ear-coverts as bright as the crown. Total length
8-5 inches, culmen 1*9, wing 4-15, tail 2*7, tarsus 0-65.
The fulvescent tinge on the flanks in female birds is often almost
obsolete.
A specimen from Penang has the entire sides of the body orange-
buff, and it is probable that the young birds are even more tawny
on the flanks than the adults, as there are in this individual some
signs of dusky margins to the feathers of the white cervical collar.
Hal. Prom Siam to the Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra.
a, S ad. sk. Bangkok, Siam, April (Capt Conrad). Sharpe Coll.
b, Ad. sk. Siam (Sir JR. Bcliomburgk). Gould Coll.
c, d. $ ad. sk. .Mergui, Tenasserim, June, Dec. ( W* Hume Coll.
e. 3 ad. sk.
f,g. 3 ad. * kDavison),
Tonka, Jan. (J! Barling).
Tapraw, April (J. Barling).
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
$ ad. sk.
i, Jc. Ad. sk. Penang {Sharpe Coll). Tweeddale Coll.
282 AiCEDIXTD^.
l-s. <$ ad. et Jarani, Salangore, Dec, Jan., Aug. Hume Coll.
juv.; i~x. § (W. Davison).
ad.etimra.sk.
y,z. £ ad.; a. Klang, ITay (IF. Davison). Hume Coll.
5 ad. sk.
S'-d'. J acl. Dingding Islands, March (W. Dan- Hume Coll.
etimm.: e'. son).
$ ad. sk.
f-if. Imru. sk. Malacca, Aug. (If. Dacison). Hume Coll.
&', /'. Ad. sk. Malacca, May {Dr. JIaingay). Tweeddale Coll
m'. J ad. sk. Pub Xongsa", NOT. 27 (IF Ztozsott). Hume Coll.
ri. (S ad. sk. Singapore Island, Feb. (IF". D.). Hume Coll.
of. Ad. sk. Alligator's Island. Singapore, Jan. 20. Dr.A_.McKinlay
y . d ad. sk. Acheen, Sumatra, Feb. 4 f W. D.). Hume Coll.
q\ r'. Ad. sk. Sumatra (C. Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
Subsp. a. Halcyon meyeri
Adult. Similar to H. davisoni from the Andanians, and like that
species having black ear-coverts and a black nuchal collar, but having
only the sides of the body washed with fulvous as in //. hamii of
the Malayan Peninsula. It differs from both the above species in
having the bill upturned at the tip in a very conspicuous manner.
Total length 8*5 inches, culmen 2*1, wing 4-1, tail 2'6, tardus 0*55.
Hah. Togian Islands.
a} b. Ad. sk. Togian I&lands (Dr. A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll.
Subsp. /?. Halcyon davisoni.
llaris (nee Swains.), Wald. P. Z. S. 18C6, p. £54;
m, p. 221,1867, p. 319, 1809, p. 409.
nee Bodd.), Ball, Str. F. i. p. 58 (1873)• Hume,
(1874).
__*mxpnus coilaris (nee Swains.\ Blyth^ Ibis, 1859, p. 465
(Andamans).
Sauxopatis chloris, Wald. Ibis, 1873, p. 302 (S. Andamans).
Adult male. Similar to H. Jiumii, but having black ear-coverts
and a very distinct black nuchal collar continuous with the ear-
coverts ; the mantle shaded with black below the white cervical
collar ; cheeks and throat white ; breast and remainder of underparts
fulvescent, deepening towards the lower flanks and under tail-
coverts : u upper mandible, tip and edge of lower mandible greenish
black; rest of lower mandible pinkish white; legs and feet plumbeous
in front, behind and the soles in some bluish, in some pinkish
grey; iris deep brown" (A. O. Hume). Total length 9 inches,
culmen 1*8, wing 3-9, tail 2*75, tarsus 0*55.
Adult female. Similar to the male, bnt a little greener on the
upper parts. Total length 8-5 inches, culmen 1-7, wing 3*9, tail 2*7,
tarsus 0*55.
Hah. Andaman Islands.
16 . HALCYON. 283
a-d. $ ad. ; e, Little Coco Islands, March ( W. Davi- Hume Coll.
/ . $ ad. sk. sow).
#. Ad. sk. Andamans, June (R. C. Beavan). Tweeddale Coll.
h} i. <$ inim.; South Andamans, June, July, Aug*. Hume Coll.
&, 4 w. § (J?. /. Wimberley $• JF. Davison).
imm. sk.
w, o, p. tf ad.; South Andamans. Jan., Feb., March Tweeddale Coll.
q. ? ad. sk. (R. 0. IF. JR.).
?*. $ ad. sk. Sound Island, April 5 ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.
s. cS ad. sk. Rots Island, Dec. (22. a JF. JR.;. Tweeddale Coll.
f. c? imm. sk. Viper Island, Dec. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.
u, v. Imm. sk. Port Blair, March. Hume Coll.
w, z\ (J ad. sk. Port Mouat, Jan., April (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
y~b'. <$ $ ad. Hope Town, Dec. (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
et imm. sk.
c'-f.<$*A.)g'. Aberdeen, Dec, March, April (W. Hume Coll.
5 ad. sk. Davison: F. A. de Roepstorff).
ti, %'. 3 ad. sk. Mount Harriet, Dec, March (B \ Davi- Hume Coll.
49. Halcyon funebris.
Todirhamphus fimebris, Bj). Consp. i. p. 151 (1850; ex Font en, MS8.);
Reichenb. Handb., A Iced. p. 30 (1851); Cass. U. S. JBxpl. Fxped.
p. 225 (1858); Wald. Ibis, I860, p. 198; id. Trans. Z. S. viii.
p. 44 (1872).
Cyanalcyon fimebris, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 9 (1854).
Halcyon funebris, Gray, F. Z. S. 1860, p. 346; id. Hand-l. B. I p. 93,
no. 1126 (1869) ; Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 243, pi. 92 (1870).
Dacelo funebris, 8chL Mus. F.-B. Alced, p. 40 (1863); id. Vog.
Ned. Did. Alced. pp. 29, 60, pi. xi. fig. 2 (1864); Finsch, Neu~
Guinea, p. 161 (1805); Schl. Mies, F.-B. Alced. Revue, p. 30
(1874).
Sauropatis funebris, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. x, p. 306 (1877); id.
Orn. Fapuasia etc. i. p. 480 (1880).
Adult. General colour above dark brown with, greenish shades,
a little more distinct on the ramp and upper tail-coverts; wings
like the back, the quills and tail-feathers brown shaded externally
with green; crown of head black, with scarcely any shade of green
excepting on the nape ; a loral spot of white, shot with blue ; from
above the eye a broad white band encircling the nape and tinged
with blue; sides of face and ear-coverts black, forming a band
which encircles the hind neck, and is separated from the mantle by
a broad white collar; cheeks and entire under surface of body
white, with a patch of brown on the lower flanks; on the white of
the underparts there is a distinct shade of green under certain
lights. Total length 11-5 inches, culmen 2-2, wing 4*65, tail 3-55,
tarsus 0*65.
Young. Similar to the adult, but having the white feathers of the
collar on the neck and underparts edged with black; bill black,
with a horny white tip to both mandibles.
Hob. Islands of Halmahera and Tornate.
284 ALCEDINIDJC.
a, b. Ad.; c. Halniakera. Wallace Coll.
Juv. sk.
d, e. Ad. sk. Halrnahera (A. B. Wallace : Sharpe Tweeddale Coll.
/. Ad. sk.
CoS.).
Ternate (A. M. Wallace). Gould Cull.
50. Halcyon hombroni.
Aetenoide
variee, Hoynbr. § Jacq. Voy. Pule Sud, pi. 23. £>. 2
(1846).
Actenoides variegata (nee Boan.), Jacq. § Pucker. Voy. Pule Slid.
Zooliii. p. 101 (1853).
Actenoides hombroni, Bp. Consp. I. p. 157 (1850) ; Beieheab. Handb.,
Alced. p. 36, Taf. 422. fig. 3147 (1851) ; Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis.
p. 9 (1854); Walden, T>\ Z. S. ix. p. 155 (1875); Gould, B. Asia,
I pi. 40 (1877); Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 994; Steere, List B. §
Mamm. Steere Exped. Philipp. p. 11 (1890: Mindanao).
Halcyon
hombroni, Gray, JELand-h B. i. p. 93, no. 1136 (1869);
Shaiye, Mofiogr. Alced. p. 221; pi. 84 (1871); id. Trans. Linn. Soc.
2nd ser. ZooL i. p. 318 (1876).
Adult male. Head and nape bright blue, more brilliant on the
sides of the head, above the eye, and on the nape ; round the latter
a narrow line of deep black; ear-coverts chestnut; along the
lower line of the lores a streak of black, reaching below the eye,
and widening behind the latter, being here washed with blue;
cheeks bright blue, forming a broad band ; sides of neck and hinder
part of the latter deep tawny, varied with narrow black edgings to
the feathers ; mantle blackish, mottled with spots of tawny buff,
these being sub terminal, with a narrow fringe of black; centre of
back, scapulars, and wing-coverts green, with a slight shade of
verditer, each feather having a distinct subterminal spot of ochraceous
buff; quills blackish, externally washed with greenish, the
primaries edged with ochraceous, the secondaries with the same
subterminal spot of ochre as on the wing-coverts; lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts bright silvery cobalt, the sides of the
back and the lateral coverts blackish washed with blue; tail-
feathers deep blue, with black shafts; throat white, slightly washed
with tawny ; rest of the under surface deep tawny, whiter on the
centre of the abdomen; the breast-feathers with narrow, nearly
obsolete, blackish margins; thighs externally blackish, internally
deep tawny; feathers at side of vent, adjoining the sides of the
lower back? deep blue, the outer web more or less ochraceous;
under wing-coverts and axillaries deep tawny; quills blackish
below, edged with pale tawny buff along the inner web. Total
length 11-3 inches, culmen 2, wing 4*95, tail 4*15, tarsus 0*75.
Hab. Island of Mindanao in the Philippine Archipelago.
a. # ad. sk. Ayala, Mindanao, Oct 22. F. S. Bourns, Esq. [P.].
be.
6 * d. $ Zamboanga, April (A. H. Tweeddale Coll.
' imm. sk. Everett).
16 . HAXCrON.
285
51. Halcyon concretus.
Dacelo concreta,
Temm. PI. Col. iv. pi. 34G (1825); Sclil Mus. P.-B.
Alcecl p. 26 (1863); id. Vog. Nederl. Ind. pp. 25, 57, pi. viii.
figs. 2, 3 (1864); Siuinh.Ibis, 1873, p. 231 (Penang); Schl. Pevue,
p. 18 (1874).
Halcyon varia, Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 101.
Tudirlianiplius varius, Blyth^ J. A. S. Peng. xv. p. 11 (1846); id.
Cat. B. Mus. As. 8oc. p. 47 (1849); Cass. U. 8. Fxpl Hvped.,
Birds, p. 233 (1858).
Halcyon
concreta, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); id. List Fissir.
Bkt. Mus. p. 52 (1848); Bjp. Consp. i. p. 154 (1850); Cass. Cat
Bale. Philad. Mus. p. 11 (1852); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 93,
no. 1134 (1869); 87iarpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 219, pi. 83 (1870) ;
id. Ibis, J878, p. 414 (Sarawak); Hume § Davison, 8tr. F. vi.
p. 78 (1878 : Tenasserini) ; Hume, 8tr. F. viii. pp. 49 (Malacca),
86 (1879); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 793 (Sandakan): Nichols.
Ibis, 1883, p. 87 (Segilind Iliver); Oates, Handb. B. Brit. Burm.
ii. p. 84 (1883); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 447 (Silam); Sharpe,
P. Z. S. 1887, p. 432 (Perak); id. Ibis, 1890, pp. 21, 283
(Benkoka).
Paralcyon concreta, Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 36. Taf. 421.
fig. 3145* Taf. 422.figs. 3145-46 (1851).
Caridagrus concretus, Cab. # Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 161
(1860); 8alvad. Ucc. Born. p. 102 (1874); Vorderm. Nat.
Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xlvi. p. 11 (1886): id. op. cit. 1. p. 437
(1890).
Actenoides concretus, Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 42 (1877).
Adult male. General colour above dark ultramarine, the scapulars
and wing-coverts like the upper back; the mantle blackish; centre
of back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bright cobalt-blue, the lateral
tail-coverts and sides of the back ultramaiine like the mantle;
quills blackish, externally deep blue like the back; tail-feathers
dark blue ; crown of head dusky green; lores black, with a supraloral
streak of cinnamon, extending above the eye; sides of hinder
crown bright green, continued in a blue band round the nape;
ear-coverts black, continued into a band which encircles the hind
neck, and is followed by a broad band of bright cinnamon, like the
under surface of the body ; cheeks and sides of throat bright bine,
forming a broad band, which is separated from the black ear-coverts
by a broad band of light cinnamon ; centre of abdomen isabelline;
under wing-coverts and axillaries cinnamon, like the breast: " bill
black, with the sides of the upper mandible, the whole of the lower
mandible, gape, and edge of eyelids chrome-yellow ; feet chrome-
yellow" (W. Davison). Total length 9 inches, culmen 2, wing 4-2,
tail 2-25, tarsus 0-7.
Adult female. Differs from the male in being green on the back
and wings instead of blue, the scapulars and wing-coverts spotted
with ochraceous buff; the bright band which skirts the side of
the crown and surrounds the nape of the male is green instead of
blue in the female: <- feet and claws dirty greenish chrome-yellow ;
286 JJLCIDIXIDJS.
iris dark brown" (W. Davison). Total length 9*5 inches, culmen
1*9, "wing 4*45, tail 2-4, tarsus 0*7.
Young male. Coloured like the adult, hut of course very much
duller; the crown olive-green, with a band round the nape of
bluish green.
Hah. From Southern Tenasserim, down the Malayan Peninsula
to Sumatra and Borneo.
a-e. $ ad. et Banka^uou, Tenasseiim, Bee., Hume Cull.
imm. sk. May, June ( JV. Davison).
f,ff.d$ atUk. Male woon, Feb. Odt^ Coll.
k, i. <$ ad. sk. Malewoun, March, April ( W. Hume Cull.
Davison).
k. $ ad. sk. Penang. Gould Coll.
I, d ad. sk. Perak.^ L. Wray. Esp P.
m, n, o. $ ad. sk. Klane, Feb., March, Sept. Hume Coll.
(JV, Davison).
2h 2- c? ¥ ad. sk. Malacca. Purtki-nd.
r Juv. sk. Malacca (Dr. Cantor). Irdia Museum.
st t. $ ad.; u, v. Malacca (Dr. Jlainr/tty: E Tweeddale Coll.
2 ad. sk. G. W.E.).
ic, .r. <$ J ad. sk. Malacca. Pimvill Coll.
y. <$ ad.sk. Malacca. Wallace ('oil
z-d'. $ ad. et Malacca, Feb., Juh, Sept. Hume Coll.
imm.; e. § (JV. Davison).
ad. sk.
/'. $ ad. bk. Singapore. IIunn>C.dl.
(f. $ ad. sk. Sumatra. Purchased.
%'. d ad. *k. Sumatra (SImrpe Coll.). TwetddaV Coll.
i\ S ad. sk. Sumatra, Sept. 10 (Carl Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
±k'. 2 ad. sk. Sumatra. Gould Coll. ^
V, $ imm.sk. Sarawak Governor Ussher
rc..
m\ 5 imm.sk. Bu^an, Saiawak, Am. (A, H.
Everett).
Gould Coll.
n\ d ^d. sk. Triiban, Sarawak, March. A. II. Everett, Ebq.
Lb'J'
52. Halcyon lindsayi.
Daeelo lindsayi, Vig. P. Z. S. 1631, p. 97: Eyd. § Soideyet, Voy.
'Eonite; Zool p. 100 (1841); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 23
(1863).
Daeelo lessoni, Vig. P. Z. S. 1831, j>. 97.
Halcyon lindsayi, Gray, Gen. B. L p. 79, pi. 27 (1846) $ id. List
Fissir. Brit. Mm. p. 52 (1848); Bp. Oonsp. i. p. 154 (1850);
Gray, Eand4. B. i. p. 93, no. 1135 (1869): Sharpe, Monogr.
Alced. p. 217, pi. 8*2 (1871).
Paralcyon lindsayi, Eeichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 36, Taf. 421. figs.
3143-44 (1851); Bp. Consp. Voluer. A?iis. p. 9 (1854).
Actenoides lessoni, Hartl. J.f.O. 1854, p. 64.
Astacophilus lindsayi, Cab. # Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 162
(1860).
Alcedo lindsayi, Martens, J. f. O. 1864, p. 18; id. Preuss.
Exp. Ost-Asian, p. 189 (1865).
Actenoides lindsayi, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 156 (1875; Luzon);
16 . HALCYON". 287
Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 41 (1877); Steere, List B. 8f Mamm. Steere
Exped. Pkilipp. p. 11 (1890).
Adult male. General colour above green, a little brighter on the
centre of the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts* the lateral
tipper tail-coverts and the sides of the lower back and rump dingy
green, the scapulars, mantle, and wing-coverts each having a
distinct spot of ochreous buff; quills brown, externally edged with
fulvous, the secondaries greener, and terminally spotted with ochre
like the scapulars; tail-feathers dull greenish brown, fringed
with sandy buff at the ends, the penultimate feather notched with
buff on the inner web, the outermost one on both webs, producing
a banded appearance ; head green, the forehead with a few cinnamon
feathers ; lores black, surmounted by a streak of pale cinnamon-
buff feathers reaching above the eye and continued into a line of
bright cobalt, which encircles the hinder crown and nape; feathers
round the eye black, continued into a band which encircles the
hind neck, and is followed by a band of cinnamon feathers, fringed
with black; sides of face and ear-coverts cinnamon; throat also
pale cinnamon, separated from the band on the sides of the face by
a broad band of bright cobalt, which occupies the cheeks and lateral
margin of the throat; fore neck and breast mottled, the feathers
being white, margined with green, the green edges diminishing in
size on the lower breast, till they gradually disappear on the abdomen,
which, with the under tail-feathers, is pure white; sides of
body like the breast; thighs blackish, tipped with ochre• under
wing-coverts, axillaries, and quill-lining fawn-buff: " bill black, the
culmen and under mandible yellow; feet light green; iris brown "
(A. W. Everett). Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 1*85, wing 4*2,
tail 3*1, tarsus 0-65.
Adult female. Besembles the male, but the band encircling the
crown is green instead of blue * the broad band on the cheeks is
also green, not blue; the throat is white, and the green edgings to
the breast-feathers are less pronounced: " bill black, the culmen
and mandible chrome-yellow; feet light green; claws horn-yellow;
iris brown " (A. H. Everett). Total length 9*8 inches, culmen 1-85,
wing 4*3, tail 3*5, tarsus 0*65.
Young male. Like the adult male, but with smaller ochreous
spots on the upper surface; the band round the crown and the
cheek-stripe not so blue as in the adult, but not so green as in the
female ; under surface as in the adult, but with a fulvescent tinge
throughout.
Young female. Duller than the adult female, and with smaller
ochreous spots * otherwise like the old female, and having a green
band round the crown.
Eab. Island of Luzon in the Philippine Archipelago.
a. (S ad. sk. Philippine Islands. Zoological Society.
(Type of species.)
b, c. $ ad.; d. Philippine Islands. Purchased.
(S juv. st.
288 A.LCIDINID-3B.
e. 5 juv. sk.
f,g. $ ad. sk.
/?, i. 5 ad. et
Philippine Inlands.
Philippine Islands.
Philippine Islands (Sharpe Coll.).
Purchased.
Eyton Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
juv. sk,
*, /. d S ad. sk.
my n.rf J ad. sk.
o. $ ad. st.
j). $ ad. sk.
Manila.
Manila (Maitkmd Ileriot),
Cataguan.
Monte Alban, Luzon, Feh.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Purchased.
Tweeddale Coll.
q. $ ad. sk.
(A. H. Everett),
San Mateo, Luzon, Feb. (A.H Tweeddale Coll.
Everett).
53. Halcyon BioseleyL
Aetenoides inoseleyi,
Steere} List Birds & Mamm. Steere Edped.
Philipp. p. 11 (1890: Xegros).
Immature female (type of species). Similar to H. liudsayi, but
distinguished by the edgings of the breast-feathers, which are black
and not green: " bill black, culmen and lower mandible yellow;
legs and feet greenish " (E, L. Moseley). Total length 10*4 inches,
culmen 1*8, wing 4*3, tail 8*4, tarsus 0*55.
Hab. Island of Xegros in the Philippine Archipelago.
17. TODIRHAMPHTTS.
Type.
Todirhamplms, Leeson, Mem. Soe. cTJECist. Not. iii.
p. 420 (1828). T. venemtus.
Coporhamphus, Gloger, Handb. p. 338 (1842) T. veneratus.
Range. South Sea Islands. Samoan and Society groups.
Key to the Species.
a. No white collar round the hind neck.
a'. Above green, or brown with a green shade. venemtus, p. 288.
b'. Above brown; collar on fore neck also brown, yoimgi, p. 289.
b, A white or fulvous collar round the hind neck.
c'. Underneath fulvous or ochreous buff recurvirostris, p. 290.
d\ Underneath entirely white tutus} p. 291.
1. Todirhamphus veneratus.
Venerated Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 623 (1782).
Alcedo venerata, Gin. 8. N i. p. 453 (1788); Lath. 2nd. Orn. I
p. 251 (1790).
Todirhamphus divina. Less. Voy. Coqu&le, 1. pt. 1, p. 287 (1826):
id. Mem. 8oc. d'Hist. Nat. iii. p. 419, pi. 12 (1827); id. Tratte
d'Orn. p. 250 (1831) ; Reichenb. Handb., Aloed. p. 34 (1851); Cass.
Cat. Halcyon. PMlad. Mus. p. 12 (1852): id. U.S. Expl. Exped.
pp. 199, 217, pi. 18 (1858).
Alcedo collaris (nee Scop.), Forster, Deser. Aninu p. 162 (1844).
17 . TO33IKHAMPH0S*
289
Halcyon venerata, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); id. Cat. B. Trop.
Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 6 (1859) ; JPek. Sitz. h. Ahacl. Wim, xx.
p. 503 (1856); id. Reis. Novara, Vog. p. 47 (1865); Finsch 8f
Kartl. Faun. Central-Polyn. p. 43 (1867).
Halcyon tuta (err.), Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 79 (1846); id. List Fissir.
Brit. Mm. p. 58 (1848).
Dacelo nullitorques, Peale, U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 155. pi. 42. tig, 1
(1848) ; Kartl. Arch.f. Naturg. 1852, p. 110.
Todirliarnphns
veneratus, Reichenb. Kandb., Alced. p. 33 (1851);
Sharpe, Monog. Alced. p. 245, pi. 93 (1870); Pelz. Ibis, 1873,
p. 20 (type• Friendly Islands).
Halcyon sacra, pt., Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 6
(1859).
Coporhaniphus
veneratus, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Rein. TL ii, p. 160
(1860).
Advlt male. Above green, with, a slight olive tint, especially on
the back and scapulars ; lores black, with a supraloral streak of
white; sides of face and ear-coverts verdigris-green, as well as a
broad but not very well-defined eyebrow; wings and tail rather
more bluish green than the back; cheeks and under surface of body
white, tinged with buff on the throat and chest, the sides of the
upper breast mottled with black streaks and bars ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries white. Total length 7*3 inches, oulmen 1*3,
wing 3-8, tail 2-7, tarsus 0-6.
Adult female. Does not differ from the male in colour. Total
length 7*7 inches, culmen 1*25, wing 3*7, tail 2-6, tarjsus 0*55.
Young birds are much browner than the adults, but show very
little trace of the pale margins which characterize the immature
birds of the various species of Halcyon. They have a broad collar
of dark brown across the fore neck, and show very little green on
the wings or tail. As the adult plumage is assumed the green
becomes more prevalent, and the brown band on the neck disappears.
Hob. Society Islands.
a,b. £ 2 imm. Society Islands (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale ColL
sk.
c, d, e. ad. sk. Society Islands. Gould Coll.
f-i. J ; k. ? ad.; Tahiti. Voy. H.M.S. 'Cfhal*
I $ • m, n. lenger.'
J juv. sk.
o, p, q. Ad. sk. Tahiti. Purchased.
2. Todirhamphxis youngi.
Adult. Differs from T. veneratus in being brown with a pinkish
tinge, especially on the sides of the hinder crown and eyebrow; all
the feathers edged with hoary grey ; wing-coverts brown, with
narrow fringes of ashy grey; quills and tail brown, with a very
slight lustre of oily green ; ear-coverts like the crown * under
surface of body white, with brown centres to a few of the feathers
of the throat and chest: " bill blue-black; feet brown; iris dark "
VOL. xvrc,
u
290
ALCEi>OTDJ3
(«/". Young). Total length. 8 inches, ettlmen 1 -45, wing 4, tail 2*8,
tarsus 065.
Hah. Island of Iforea, Society group.
a. Ad. sk. Morea. John Young, Esq. [P.].
& Ad.sk. • [Society Islands.] Old Coll.
3. Todirhamphus recurYirostris.
Todirhamphus recurvirostris, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 134; Reichenb.
Handb., Alced. p. 35 (1851); Cass. Cat. Halcyon, PMlad. 3Ius.
p. 11 (1852); id. U.S. JSjcpL Fxped., Birds, pp. 158, 216, pi. 17
(1858); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 247, pi. 04 (1870).
Halcyon platyro&tris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 72; Gray, Gen. B. i.
p. 79 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mm. p. 58 (1848); id. Cat B.
Trqp. Isl Pacific Ocean, p. 6 (1859).
Dacelo minima, Peale, U.S. Ezpl. JEJxped. p. 159, pi. 145 (1848);
Sartl. Arch.f. Naturg; 1852, p. 111.
Todirhamphus platyrostris, Bp. Comp. L p. 156 (1850).
Coporhampkus recurvirostris, Cab. 4' Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii.
p. 160 (1860).
Halcyon recurvirostris, ffinsch <§• HartL Faun. Polyn. p. 41 (1867);
Whitmee, Ibis, 1875, p. 437.
Halcyon platyrostra,
Seebohm, Trans. Korf. fy Nono. Soe. v. p. 126
(1891).
Adult male. General colour above greenish blue, a little brighter
blue on the wings, the quills with dusky blackish ends and inner
webs ; tail blue, with black shafts to the feathers ; crown of head
greenish blue, brighter blue along the sides of the crown above the
car-coverts ; on the occiput a half-concealed spot of ochreous burl;
lores, eyelid, sides of face, and ear-coverts dark green, continued into
a band of black round the nape, which is followed by a broad collar
of ochreous buff, which is separated from the mantle by a slight
blackish shade on the upper part of the latter; above the eye a
wlrte spot • at the base of the nostrils a supraloral spot of ochreous
buff; cheeks ochreous buff, as also the under surface of the body;
chest buff-colour, deeper on the sides of the body; throat and
foie-neck white : " bill black, white at base of lower mandible* feet
livid flesh-colour ; iris brown *' (E. L. Layard). Total length 7
inches, calmen 1*55, wing 3*15, tail 2*15, tarsus 0*55.
Young. Duller in colour than the adult, and inclining to cinnamon-
buff on the lores, sides of neck, hind neck, and underparts,
the feathers of the breast and hind neck edged with dusky blackish
fringes.
Hah. Samoan Islands.
a, b. Ad. sk. Samoa.
Jardine Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Samoa.
Gould CoH.
d, e,f.
Ad. et Samoa. Kev. S. J. Whitmee
juv. sk. [CU
h. Ad. sk. Samoa.
Rev. XB. Stair [P.1
g. Ad. sk. Samoa.
Rev. J. B. Stair [P.].
i. <$ ad. sk. Apia, Jan. 2 (B. L. Laya'ird). Tweeddale Coll.
h. $ ad. sk. Uyolu (Graefe: Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
18. CITTUEA.
291
4. Todirhamphus tutus.
Kespected Kingfisher, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 624 (1782).
Alcedo tuta, Gm. S. N. i. p. 453 (1788) j Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 251
(1790).
Todirkarnphus sacra (nee Gm.), Less. Voy. Coquille, i. pt. 2, p. 686
(1828); id. Mem. Soc. d'Rist. Nat. iii. p. 11 (1828) j id. Traite,
p. 249 (1831); Reich&ib. Randb., Alced. p. 34. tab. 423. tigs. 314849
(1851).
Todirhamphus tutus, pt, Cass. U.S. Expl. Bxped. pp. 192,206, pi. xv.
fig. 3 only (1858); Scl. P. Z. S.1864, p. 9; Sharps, Monoar. Alced.
p. 249, pi. 95 (1870).
Halcyon sacra, Gray, Cat. B. Trop. Isl. Pacific Ocean, p. 6 (1859);
id. Hand-l. B. i. p. 93, no. 1131 (1869).
? Coporhamphus sacer (nee Gm.), Cab. 8r Heine, Mus. Rein. Th. ii.
p. 160(1860).
Dacelo sacra (nee Gm.), Schl Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 38 (1863).
Adult. General colour above green, the back and upper tail-
coverts rather brighter blue than the scapulars and mantle; upper
tail-coverts tipped with white; wings also brighter blue than the
mantle, the quills blackish at the ends and on the inner webs; tail-
feathers greenish blue, with black shafts, the inner webs dusky
blackish, and the ends fringed with white; crown of head green, the
forehead and a broad eyebrow white, connected round the occiput and
followed by a blackish band on the hind neck, which is connected
with the dark green ear-coverts; lores black; a broad collar round
the hind neck, cheeks, and entire under surface of the body white;
under wing-coverts and axillaries also white; quills dusky below,
ashy along the inner web. Total length 8'5 inches, culmen 1*5,
wing 4, tail 2*9, tarsus 0*55.
Young. Differs from the adult in being of a duller green colour,
the wing-coverts conspicuously edged with buffy white; the forehead
green like the head, but streaked with buffy white ; eyebrow
narrow and buffy white, extending above the ear-coverts but not
round the nape; sides of neck black, slightly mottled with fulvous ;
the hind neck white, but the collar not complete as in the adult;
under surface of body white, with dusky margins to a few of the
feathers of the breast.
Hab. Society Islands.
a, b. Ad. et juv. Huaheine, Society Islands Tweeddale Coll.
sk. (A. Garrett).
c. Ad. sk. Huaheine.
Gould Coll.
d, e,f.
<S ad. et juv. Huaheine. Purchased,
sk.
g. Ad. sk. Huaheine.
J. H. Gurney, Esq,
18. CITTUEA.
Type.
Cittura, Kaup, Fam. Ms v. p. 8 (1848) , O. cyanotis.
Range. Celebes and the Sanghir Islands.
u2
ALCEDISIDiB.
Key to the Species *,
a. Smaller: olivaceous brown above; no black
frontal band j male -with blue wing-coverts
and a blue eyebrow, the female with black
wing-coverts and a dark blue eyebrow, the
feathers tipped with white cyanotk, p. 292.
b. Larger: ochreous brown above; a black frontal
band; sexes alike in having a white-tipped
eyebrow, but the male having blue wing-
coverts and the female black ones ,. scmghirensis, p. 293.
1. Cittura cyanotis.
Dacelo cyanotis, Temm. PL Col iv. pi. 262 (1824); Gray, Gen. B. i.
p. 78 (1846) j id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 52 (1848) ; Bp. Consp.
i. p. 154 (1850); Schl. Mm. Pays-Bos, AJced. p. 22 (1863); id.
Yog. Nederl Ind., Alced. pp. 18, 51, pi. vi. figs. 1, 2 (1864);
Gray, Bmd-L B. i. p. 89, no. 1065 (1869) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas,
Alced. Bevue, p. 14 (1874).
Cittura cyanotis, Reichen.. JELandb., Alced. p. 38, Taf. 429. fig. 3170
(1851)5 Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 301, pi. 119 (1868); Walden,
Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 44 (1872) ; Salwd. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii
p. 653 (1877); Bowley, Orn. Misc. iii. pi. 99 (1878) ; Meyer,
op. cit. pp. 131-143 (1878); id. Ibis, 1879, p. 63; Guilhm. P. Z. S.
1885, p. 548; Blasius, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. iii. p. 90 (1886).
Adult male. General colour above olive-brown, including the
mantle, back, and scapulars, the outer webs of the latter creamy
buff, forming a pale band down the wing; upper tail-coverts
chestnut, as also the tail-feathers: wing-coverts deep ultramarine,
the greater series, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish,
washed with blue externally, the inner secondaries with ochreous
buff near the ends; crown of head more reddish ochre than the
back; a narrow streak running from the base of the nostrils
above the eye, and widening into a broad band of dark ultramarine
above the ear-coverts; above this blue band a superciliary band of
ochreous-tipped feathers with a slight lilac tinge; a small black
spot at the base of the cheeks ; the sides of face, ear-coverts, and
cheeks ochreous with a lilac gloss ; chirr white; lower throat, fore
neck, and breast ochreous, glossed with lilac; abdomen isabelline,
more fulvescent on the sides of the body; under tail-coverts
yellowish buff; under wing-coverts and. axillaries pale ochreous,
with a black patch on the greater tinder wing-coverts; lower
primary-coverts ashy brown; quills dusky below, pale ochreous
along the inner web: "bill and feet dark red; claws brownish
black; iris rosy red" (A. B. Meyer). Total length 9 inches,
culmen 1*4, wing 3*8, tail 3*7, tarsus 0*5.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but differing in the band
along the sides of the hinder crown, and the wing-coverts, which
are black instead of blue; the superciliary streak is black, tipped
* Cf. Meyer, in Eowley's Orn. Misc. iii. pp. 131-143 (1878).
19 . MONACHALCrON.
293
with white, instead of the lilac hand of the male. Total length
9*5 inches, culmen 1-5, wing 4, tail 3-7, tarsus 0*55,
Hab. Celehes.
a,b. c? $ ad. sir.
c. [$ ] ad.sk.
d, e. <$ $ ad. sk.
Celebes (Sharpe Coll.).
Celebes (Sharpe Coll.).
Menado, Dec, Feb. (A. B.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
/ , 9-8 9- ad. sk.
h, i. 8 $ ad. sk.
7c. Juv. sk.
Meyer).
Menado.
Menado.
Menado.
Gould Coll.
Wallace Coll.
Hume Coll.
I cf ad. sk. Menado (Duivenbode). Tweeddale Coll.
2. Cittura sangMrensis.
Cittura sangMrensis, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 270, pi. 27; id.
Monogr. Alced. p. 299, pi. 118 (1868) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic.
Genov. is. p. t53 (1876) ; Meyer in Rotoleifs Orn. Misc. iii. p. 152
(1878) ; Rowley, t. c. pi. 100; Meijer, Abbild. Vogelsh. Taf. 26
(1882); id. Abhandl. Ges. < Ms,1 Abtk i. p. 19 (1884); W.
Blasius, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. iii. p. 91 (1886); id. Ornis, iv. p. 570
(1888).
Dacelo sanghirensis, Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 89, no. 1066 (1869);
Schl Mus. Bays-Bas, Alced. Revue, p. 14 (1874).
Cittura cyanotis, pt., Lenz, J.f. 0.1877, p. 368.
Adult male. Similar to C. cyanotis, but rather larger, of a
warmer and brighter ochreous colour above; forehead black, as
well as a line from the base of the bill, running above the eye and
the ear-coverts, and surmounted by another line of white-tipped
feathers ; base of cheeks black ; sides of face, cheeks, ear-coverts,
and lower throat beautiful lilac ; wing-coverts deep ultramarine;
the light band along the scapulars rich ochre. Total length 10
inches, culmen 1-8, wing 4-6, tail 3*8, tarsus 0*65.
Adult female. Similar to the male, having the same white-
tipped superciliary streak, but having the wing-coverts black
instead of blue. Total length 9-5 inches, culmen 1*7, wing 4-3,
tail 3*7, tarsus 0-65.
Sab. Sanghir Islands.
a. Ad. sk. Sanghir Islands (Sharpe CoU)* Tweeddale Coll.
(Type of species.)
b, c. c? ? ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. Purchased.
d, e. Ad. sk. Sanghir Islands (Dr. A. B. Meyer), Tweeddale Coll.
19. M0BTACHALCY0N. T e
Monachalcyon, Reichenb. Kandb^ Alced. p. 37 (1851) . M. monachus.
Caridonax, Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 162
(1860) M. fulgidus.
Range. Celebes, Lombock, and Flores.
294
AiCEDlNEDiR.
Key to the Species.
a. With no white on the lower back. [MONACHAL
c YON.]
a', Under surface of body rufous, with no bars
across the breast or ochreous bars on the
back; head blue, lighter on the nape.
a". Entire sides of face blue monachus g, p. 294
b". Lores, eyebrow, and cheeks deep rufous
like the sides of the neck monachus $ , p. 294.
V,
Under surface of body and collar round the
hind neck ochreous or yellowish white,
with numerous cross bars of dusky blackish
; head uniform deep blue eyanocephalus, p. 295.
b. Lower back and rump silvery white; under
surface of body pure white; rest of plumage
blue-black. [CABIDONAX] , * fulgidm, p. 296.
1. Monachalcyon monachus.
Dacelo princeps, Forsten, MSS.; Gray, Kand-l. B. i. p. 89, no. 1068
(1869).
Halcyon monachus, Gray, Gen. BA. p. 79 (1846); Cass. Cat. Sale.
Fhiiad. Mm. p. 8 (1852); Bp. Consp. i. p. 154 (1850); WalL
Ibis, 1862, p. 142.
Dacelo monachus, Gray, List Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 53 (1848);
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 46 (1849).
Monachalcyon princeps, Wald. Tr. Z. S. viii. p. 43 (1872); Salvad,
Ann. Mus. Genov. vii. p. 653 (1877); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 60.
Halcyon princeps, Cass. Cat. Hale. Fhiiad. Mus. p. 8 (1882).
Paralcyon princeps, Bp. Consp. Valuer. Anis. p. 9 (1854).
Dacelo princeps, Sehl Mus. Fays-Bas, Aleed. p. 24 (1863) ; id. Toy.
Nederl 2nd. pp. 20, 53, pi. vii. rigs. 1, 2 (1864); id. Mus. Fays-
Bas, Alced. Bevue, p. 16 (1874).
Monachalcyon monachus, Sharpe, Monogr. Aleed. p. 255, pi. 98.
figs. 1, 2 (1870) ; Guillem. F. Z.8.1885, p. 547 (Kema).
Adult male. General colour above olive-green, the wing-coverts
like the back; the rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail dull bluish
green, the tail with a decided blue shade • quills dusky brown,
externally olive-green, with a little more blue on the primaries and
primary-coverts ; head and nape blue, the forehead and lores dusky,
with a little reddish on the latter; cheeks and ear-coverts blue
like the crown; throat buffy white; sides of neck deep ferruginous,
not forming a collar on the hind neck ; under surface of body also
ferruginous, paler in the centre of the abdomen; under wing-
coverts and axillaries like the breast ,* quills dusky brown "below,
fulvescent about the base of the inner web. Total length 13 inches,
culmen 1*75, wing 5*5, tail 4*5, tarsus 0*8.
Adult female. Differs from the male in the markings on the head
and neck, as follows:—the base of the forehead is washed with
ferruginous * the lores, eyebrows, and ear-coverts are ferruginous,
as also the sides of the neck, forming moreover a complete collar
round the hind neck • the blue crown inclines slightly to lighter
295
19 . MOttACKALCYON.
blue on the nape; the cheeks are blue, forming a broad moustachial
band. Total length 12*5 inches, culmen 2-2, wing 5*7, tail 4*4,
tarsus 0*75.
flab. Celebes.
a. Ad. sk. Celebes. Purchased.
b. 3 ad. sk Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.
c~e. Ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. Gould Coll.
/. S ad.; g, h. Menado. Wallace Coll.
$ ad.sk.
i. Ad. sk. Menado. Hume Coll.
k, I. <$ ad. sk. Menado {JR. van JDuivenbode: Tweeddale Coll.
Sharpe Coll.),
2. lEonachalcyon cyanocephalus,
Monachalcyon princeps (nee Forstevi). JReichenb. JSandh, Alced. p. 38,
Taf. 425. fig. 8157 (1851).
Dacelo cyanocephalus, Forstm> MSS.
Dacelo princeps, pt., SchL Mus. Pays-Bos, Alced. p. 24 (1863) : id.
Vog. Nederl. Ind. Alced. pp. 20, 53, pi. vii. fig. 3 (1804); id.
Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. JRemie, p, 16 (1874).
Monachalcyon nionackus, pt.; Sharpe} Monogr. Alced. pi. 98.fiar.3
(1870).
Halcyon cyanocephalus, Briiggem. Abhandl nat Vei. Bremen, v.
p. 51 (1876).
Monachalcyon cyanocephalus, Meyer) Ibis, 1879, p. 61.
Adult General colour above brown, the feathers of the lower
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts tipped with an edging of
rufescent ochre; wing-coverts brown, also edged with rufescent
ochre, before which is a blackish subterminal bar; quills brown,
externally edged with rufous, the inner secondaries tipped like the
wing-coverts; tail-feathers brown with rufescent margins; crown
of head dull blue, with a black band round the occiput, separating
the crown from the hind neck, which has a broad collar of deep
ochraceous buff, motrled with subterminal lines and bars of black ,*
a broad eyebrow of deep ochraceous running from the base of the
bill to above the ear-coverts; sides of face and ear-coverts deep
blue, the hinder part of the ear-coverts black; across the ear-
coverts a broad streak of ochreous buff; under surface of body
pale ochreous white, the throat unspotted; lower throat, breast,
and sides of body deep ochreous, crossed with irregular wavy bars
of blackish brown, less frequent on the abdomen, which is paler;
under tail-coverts ochreous buff, uniform; under wing-coverts like
the breast, and barred in the same manner; quills brown below,
ochreous along the inner web. Total length 11 inches, culmen
1*65, wing 4-5, tail 3*65, tarsus 0*7.
flab. Celebes.
a. Ad. sk. Celebes. Purchased.
b. Ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.
296 ALCEDIKID^:.
3. Honachalcyon falgidus.
Halcyon falgidus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 65 ; id. JB. Asia, i. pi. 46
(1860); Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 484 ; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 94,
no. 1139 (1869).
Caridonax fulgidus, Cab.fy Kerne, Mus. Mein. Th. ii. p. 162 (1860);
Sharpe, Monogr. Aleed. p. 257, pi. 99 (1868).
Dacelo fulgidus, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas. Alced. p. 24 (1863); id. Yog.
Nederl 2nd. Alced. pp. 21, 54, pi. is. %. 1 (1884) ; id. Mus.
Pays-Bas, Alced. Berne, p. 16 (1874).
Adult female (type of species). General colour above deep ultramarine
or purplish blue, including the wing-coverts and outer
aspect of quills, the latter being black on the inner web and at the
ends; centre of lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts silvery
white, inclining to blue on the sides; the sides of the lower back
and rump entirely black; lateral upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers
deep ultramarine like the back; crown of head, sides of face, cheeks,
ear-coverts, and sides of neck black, slightly washed with blue on
the nape ; entire under surface of body pure white; sides of upper
breast black; sides of body mottled with'blaek bases to the feathers;
thighs black; long upper tail-coverts white ; the vent-feathers black
at the base and washed with blue ; under wing-coverts black, the
greater series white, black towards the ends. Total length 12 inches,
culmen 2*1, wing 5*25, tail 4*1, tarsus 0*75.
Young. Duller and blacker than the adult, without the purplish-
blue lustre of the old birds; the abdomen, under tail- and wing-
coverts inclining to fulvous.
Hah. Islands of Lombock and Flores.
a, b. Ad. sk. Lombock. Wallace Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Lombock (A. B. Wallace). Gould Coll.
(Type of species.)
d. Ad. sk. Lombock. Wallace Col].
e. Juv. sk. Flores. Wallace Coll.
20. TAffYSIFTERA.
Type.
Tanysiptera, Vigors, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. p. 433 (1825). T. dea.
Uralcyon, Heine, J.f*. 0.1859, p. 406 T. sylvia.
Range. Moluccas, Papuan Islands, and the Cape York
Peninsula of Australia.
Key to tlie Species.
a. Under surface vermilion; outer tail-feathers
merely tipped with white; no white dorsal
patch.
a'. Head blue; sides of face and mantle black.. nympha, p. 298.
b'. Head brown; sides of face and mantle
reddish brown danae, p. 298,
20 .
TANYSIPTERA.
b. Under surface of body cinnamon or ochreous
buff; no white on inner web of lateral tail-
feathers ; a white dorsal patch.
c'. Head black like the mantle and scapulars ..
d'. Head blue; mantle black.
a". Head purplish blue ,* wing-coverts ultramarine,
below deep cinnamon
b".
Head light blue; wing-coverts greenish
blue, below pale cinnamon; the under
tail-coverts buff
c. Under surface of body white; a white dorsal
patch.
e'. Upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers edged
with blue,
c". Upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers
broadly edged with blued". Upper tail-coverts white; tail-featHers
very narrowly edged with blue
/' .
Upper tail-coverts white; tail-feathers almost
entirely white without a blue border ... .
d. Under surface of body white; no white dorsal
patch.
g'. Upper back and mantle uniform with
scapulars, and contrasting strongly with the
blue of the head, which forms a cap.
e". Ear-coverts black.
a"1. Back black, washed with blue; outer
tail-feathers without any whiteb"\ Back entirely black; outer tail-feathers
with the inner web whitef". Ear-coverts blue or purple like the bind
neck.
</". Tail-feathers not spatulate at the ends,
d'". Tail-feathers with a distinct white
racket at the ends,
a4. Outer upper tail-coverts blue; crown
of head ultramarine, with a broad
superciliary band of silvery cobalt
encircling the nape ,
bA
. Outer upper tail-coverts black, or
bordered with blue; crown of head
uniform blue, the eyebrow not differing
perceptibly from the crown in
297
nigriceps, p. 209.
sylvia, p. 300.
salwdoriana, p. 301.
doris, p. 301.
emilice, p. 302.
sabrina, p. 303.
hydrocliaris, p. 304. ~
acis, p. 305.
ellioti, p. 305.
margaritte, p. 306.
colour
* obiemis, p. 307.
c4. Outer tail-coverts white or narrowly
bordered with blue; head practically
uniform, the eyebrow and crown
scarcely differing in tint.
a5. Centre tail-feathers almost entirely
blue.
aQ. Larger
56. Smaller
bs
. Centre tail-feathers white, with
the narrow extended portion blue.
c6. Head deep blue, as also the
shoulder-patch ; outer tail-
feathers entirely white
galatea, p. 307.
microrJiyncha, p. 308.
rosseliana, p. 309.
298 ALCEDINID^.
dB. Head and shoulder-patch "brilliant
silvery cobalt; a narrow blue
margin to the tail-feathers mayen, p. 309.
h'. Upper back and mantle mottled with bine
of the same colour as the head.
g". Head ultramarine, as well as the sides of
the face and ear-coverts; wing-coverts
also shaded with purplish blue dm, p. 310.
h". Head and sides of face, as well as sides
of neck, mantle, and all the wing-coverts
bright silvery-greenish cobalt medeli, p. 311.
d. Under surface of body entirely deep blue; tail
white, excepting the narrow shaft of the
centre feathers, which is blue ............ Carolina, p. 312.
1. Tanysiptera nympha.
Tanysiptera nympha, Gray, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist vi. p. 237 (1841);
id. Gen. B. L p. 78 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 59 (1848);
Bp. Consp. i. p. 157 (1850) ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1800, p. 347; Wall
P. Z. J$. 1862, p. 165, 1863, p. 24; Sehl Nederl Tijdschr. JDierk.
iii. pp. 250, 269 (1866); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 269, pi. 104
(1869); id. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 631; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 90,
no. 1072 (1869); Scl P.Z.S. 1873, p. 697; Sehl Mus &-B.
Alced. Revue, p. 41 (1874); Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii.
p. 708 (1875) ; Salvad. op. tit. x. pp. 127, 303 (1877); Gould, B.
Neiu Guinea, iv. pi. 48 (1878); Salvad. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 452
(1880); Meyer, Zeitschr. yes. Orn. iii. p. 33 (1886) ; Salvad. Agg.
Om. Papuasia, i. p. 55 (1889).
Alcedo (Tanysiptera) nympha, Martens, J.f.O. 1866, p. 18.
Adult. Head rich ultramarine, inclining to cobalt on the nape;
ear-coverts and upper part of the back and scapulars jet-black;
lower part of the back, rump, and upper tail-coverts rich vermilion;
wing-coverts black, edged with ultramarine, the innermost ones
rich cobalt; quills black, the inner web light rufous from the
base, the exterior very narrowly washed with blue; tail-feathers
deep blue, the interior ones tipped with white, the two middle tail-
feathers rich blue, the spatula long and white, with a faint blush of
rose; entire under surface rich vermilion, a little paler on the throat
and abdomen: bill and feet sealing-wax red; eyes black. Total
length 11 inches, of bill from front 1*2, from gape 1*7, wing 3*6,
tail 2*8, middle rectrices-0*6, tarsus 0*3.
Hah. N.W. Few Guinea.
a. Ad. [imperfect] sk.
b. Ad. sk.
New Guinea.
New Guinea.
Old Coll. (Type of species.)
Tweeddale Coll.
c. <£ ad. sk. New Guinea. Wallace Coll.
% Tanysiptera danae.
Tanysiptera nympha {nee Gray), Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S.
Wales, iv. p. 467 (1879; Goldie JRiver).
Tanysiptera danae, Sharpe, Ann. fy Mag. Nat Hist. (5) vi. p. 231
20 . TAtfYSIPTEBA.
299
(1880); id. in Gould's B. New Guinea, iv. pi. 49 (1882); id.
Joum, Linn. Soe. xvi. p. 429 (1882 : Tsburi district; Milne Bay;
China Straits) ; Salvad. Ann, Mas. Genov. xviii. p. 420 (1882); id.
Orn. Papuasia, iii. p. 523 (1882); Finsch, fy Meyer, Zeitsekr. ges.
Orn. iii. p. 14 (1886; Milne Bay) ; Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papuasia, i.
p. 55 (1889).
Adult (type of species). General colour above warm ochreous
brown ; the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bright
vermilion, some of the long upper tail-coverts blackish; scapulars
like the back; wing-coverts dark blue, with a patch of silvery
cobalt on the lesser wing-coverts, the inner ones of this series being
more brilliant; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish,
externally washed with blue; centre tail-feathers blue, with an
elongated white tip, not forming a distinct spatula; remainder of
tail-feathers purplish blue, blackish on the inner web, with a white
spot at the end of the inner web of the central and outermost
feathers; head like the back; eyebrow and feathers below the eye
light cinnamon; ear-coverts a little warmer brown, like the back ;
under surface of bod;y bright vermilion, paler on the throat, the
sides of body and under wing-coverts light fawn-colour; anterior
aspect of thighs blackish. Total length 10*5 inches, culmen 1*25,
wing 3*45, tail 3, centre feathers 6*2, tarsus 0*6.
Young. Much duller in colour than the adult; the wing-coverts
dusky, tipped with ochreous brown; tail-feathers blue, edged with
buffy white near the ends of the centre feathers; under surface
ochreous buff, with vermilion only on the breast.
Eab. S.E. New Guinea.
a.
<$ ad. j b, c. Milne Bay. K. Hunstein [0.].
Imm. sk. (Types of species.)
d. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. (A. Goldie). Sharpe Coll [P.].
e. Ad.; /. Juv. sk. Astrolabe Mts. Gould Coll.
g, h. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. (A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll.
3. Tanysiptera nigriceps.
Tanysiptera nigriceps, Scl. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 105; Salvad. Ann. Mus.
Genov. x. p. 303 (1877) ; Gould, B. New Guinea, iv. pi. 50 (1878);
Finsch, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 10; JE. L. C. Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 299
(Duke of York Island) ; Salvad. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 455
(1880); Finsch, Vog. der Sildsee, p. 9 (1884) ; Salvad. Agg. Orn.
Papuasia, i. p. 55 (1889).
Adult female. General colour above black, with a large white
patch in the centre of the back; lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts white, the latter with a good deal of black on the inner
web; sides of lower back and rump black; wing-coverts deep
ultramarine; quills black externally ultramarine; tail-feathers
black, the centre ones white internally and dull ultramarine on the
outer web; lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, and sides of neck
black; cheeks and under surface of body pale tawny buff; sides of
body blackish, as also the inner aspect of the thighs; under tail
300
ALCEDINIDJS.
coverts white• under wing-coverts and axillaries like the breast,
but paler; quills dusky below, ashy along the inner web : " bill
red ; feet brown ; iris light brown " (L. 0. Layard). Total length
10*5 inches, culmen 1*5, wing 3*7, tail 3*3, centre tail-feathers Q-6,
tarsus 0*65.
Hab. Duke of York Island.
a. Ad. sk. Duke of York Island, Oct. {Rev. Tweeddale Coll.
G. Brown).
(Type of species.)
b. $ ad. sk. Duke of York Island, July 17. L. 0 / Layard, Esq.
4. Tanysiptera sylvia.
Tanysiptexa
sylvia, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 200 • id. B. Austr.
Suppl pi. G (18-51) ; Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 43, Taf. 307.
figs. 3095-96 (1851) • Gray, P. Z. & 1858, p. 190, I860, p. 347,
1861, p. 433 ; Wall P. Z. S. 1863, p. 24; Gould, Handb. B. Austr.
i. p. 137 (1865); Ramsay, Ibis, 1865, p. 325; id. P. Z. S. 1808,
p. 383; Gray, Kand-l. B. i. p. 90, no. 1076 (1869) ; Sharps,
Monogr. Alced. p. 289, pi. 100 (1869); Biggies, Orn. Austr. pi. 27
(1870); Bamsay, Proe. IAnn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 179 (1878).
Uralcyon sylvia, Heine, J.f. 0.1879, p. 406.
Dacelo sylvia, Schl. Mus. Bays-Bas, Alced. p. 47 (1863) * id. Alced.
Revue, p. 42 (1874).
Adult male. Crown of head deep ultramarine-blue, encircled by
a band of brighter blue, which forms an eyebrow and encircles the
nape; lores, sides of face, sides of neck, mantle, and upper back
black, the latter with a large patch of white; scapulars, wing-
coverts, and outer aspect of quills rich ultramarine-blue, the latter
blackish on the inner web and towards the end * lower back, rump,
and upper tail-coverts pure white, the sides of the rump black; two
centre tail-feathers white, the remainder blue, dusky blackish on
the inner webs of all but those nearest the two centre feathers,
which are edged with white on their web; cheeks and under
surface of body rich cinnamon-colour, the throat and under wing-
coverts and axillaries slightly paler; quills blackish below, ochreous
along the inner webs : " bill and feet sealing-wax red " (J*. 2lacgillivray).
Total length 13 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 3*8, tail 2*9,
centre tail-feathers 9, tarsus 0*5.
Adult female. Similar to the male, but having the spot on the
back tinged with buff, and the white centre tail-feathers blue on
the outer web. The tail also is not so long as in the male. Total
length 9*6 inches, culmen 1*25, wing 3*6, tail 2*2, longest feather
5*2, tarsus 0*55.
Young. Everywhere much paler than the adult, with a dusky
bill; the crown black, with dull blue tips to the feathers, surrounded
by a band of light blue; mantle and upper back black, the latter
with a patch of pale ochreous buff * scapulars, wing-coverts, and
quills dusky blackish, tipped with ochreous buff, but showing very
little blue * lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts white, the
20 . TANISIPTEKA.
301
former edged with blackish, the latter with blue; tail-feathers
blackish with a slight blue gloss, the centre ones a little longer
than the rest, and more or less mottled with white on the inner
web; cheeks and under surface of body pale tawny buff, with dusky
fringes to the feathers.
Hab. N.E. Australia.
a, b. Ad. sk. Cape York. J. Macgillivray [C.].
(Types of species.)
c. $ ad. sk. Cape York.
Capt. Owen Stanley
d. Juv. sk. Cape York.
Purchased.
e. <$ ad.;/, g. Cape York (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
2 ad.; h. Juv.
sk.
i, k. S
ad.; I. Cape York. Gould Coll.
$ ad. sk.
m-p. S ad.; q-t. Cape York (J. T. Cockerell), Salvin-Godman Coll.
2 ad.; u-zu.
imm, sk.
x.
Ad. sk. Port Albany (Coxen). Tweeddale Coll.
5. Tanysiptera salva&oriana.
Tanysiptera sylvia {nee Gould), Salvad. $• D1Albert. Ami. Mus.
Genov. vii. p. 815 (1875); Salvad. op. cit. x. p. 803 (1877, pt.) ;
Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 403 (1878), xiv. p. 629 (1879);
Finsch, Vog. der Siidsee, p. 31 (1884).
Tanysiptera salvadoriana, Ramsay, Proe. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii.
•
p.* 259 (1878), iv. p. 97 (1879); Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 322 j Sharpe,
Journ. Linn. Soc. xvL p. 429 (1882 j Maroco); Salvad. Orn.
Papuasia etc. i. p. 453 (1880)* id. op. cit. iii. p. 523 (1882); id.
Agg. Orn. Papuasia, i. p. 55 (1889).
Adult. Similar to T. sylvia, but altogether a paler bird, the head
lighter and more cobalt-blue; forehead black; the scapulars
and wings of a greenish blue, and the cheeks and under surface of
body pale cinnamon: " bill and feet orange-red* iris blackish"
(D Albertis). Total length 11*5 inches, culmen 1*25, wing 3*7,
tail 2-9, centre tail-feathers 8*3, tarsus 0*6.
Hab. S.E. New Guinea.
a, b. Ad.etjuv.sk. Port Moresby. Gould Coll.
c, d. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. Messrs. Goldie &
Broadbent [C.].
e. Ad. sk. Port Moresby (A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll.
6. Tanysiptera doris.
Tanysiptera doris,
Wall. Ibis, 1862, p. 350; id. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 24;
Schl. Nederl. Tijdschr.Dierk.iii. p. 274(1866,pt.); Gray,Hand4.
B. i. p. 90, no. "1077 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 631; id.
Monogr. Alced. p. 263, pi. 101 (1870) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov.
x. p. 302 (1877); id. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 429 (1880).
Dacelo sabrina, pt., Schl Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 46 (1863); id*
302 ALCEIHim>J3.
Vog. Mderl Ind. Alced. pp. 37, do, pi. 14. figs. 1-3, pi. 15. fig. 3
(1364); Finsch, Neii-Guinea, p. 161 (I860).
Tanysiptera dea, pt., Schl Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. Revue, p. 34
(1874).
Adult. Head brilliant cobalt; cheeks, ear-coverts, and back of
the neck deep blue, more brilliant on the two former; upper part
of the back and scapulars deep blue-black ; a large patch of feathers
in the centre of the back pure white; wing-coverts deep black,
broadly edged with bright blue, the innermost ones glittering
cobalt; quills black, the inner web white at the base, the outer
webs washed with dark blue ; lower portion of the back and upper
tail-coveros white, the latter edged with dark blue; tail-feathers
white, the exterior web, as well as the tip of the interior,
broadly margined with dark blue; the two middle feathers blue for
the whole length, as far as the spatula, the basal half of the inner
web varied with white; entire under surface white : bill sealing-
wax red; feet olive-brown. Total length 14 inches, of bill from
front 1*3, from gape 1*7, wing 4, tail 4*1, middle rectrices 8,
tarsus 0*5.
Young. Head blue-black, with a cincture of brilliant cobalt;
cheeks, ear-coverts, sides and back of the neck deep blue-black;
upper surface of the body brown, with a patch of fulvous spots on
the upper part of the back, corresponding to the white patch in the
adult; wing-coverts brown, narrowly edged with fulvous ; quills
brown ; upper tail-coverts brown, slightly streaked with fulvous ;
tail blackish brown, glossed with blue, especially on the centre
feathers, which have also the inner web white ; lores and under
surface of the body deep fulvous, with irregular markings of black
caused by the black margins to the feathers; bill red, mixed with
black towards the tip ; feet olive-brown.
Hah. Morty Island or Morotai, in the Moluccas.
a, b. Ad. sk. Morty Island. Wallace Coll.
(Types of species.)
c-f. Ad.; g, h. Morty Island. Wallace Coll.
Juv. sk.
i, 7c, I Ad.; m.
Juv. sk.
n, 0. Ad. sk.
Morty Island (A. R. Wallace;
Sharpe Coll.).
Morty Island (A. B. Wallace).
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
7. Tanysiptera emiliae.
Dacelo sabrina, pt., Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 46 (1863); id.
Vog. Nederl Ind. Alced. pp. 37, 65, pi. 14. figs. 4, 5 (1864):
Finsch, Neu-Guinea, p. 161 (I860).
Tanysiptera doris, pt., Schl Nederl Tijdschr. Dierh. iii. p. 274
Tanysiptera emilxse, Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 265, pi. 102 (1871);
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. x. p. 302 (1877); id. Orn.
Papuasia etc. i. p. 428 (1880).
Tanysiptera dea, pt, Schl Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 34 (1874).
20 . TAKYSIPTERA.
303
Male. Entire head, which is much crested, and nape beautiful
silvery cobalt; cheeks, ear-coverts, back and sides of neck, and the
upper part of the back black, washed distinctly with cobalt; in
the middle of the back a large patch of white feathers; scapulars
very deep ultramarine; least wing-coverts very brilliant silvery
cobalt, the greater ones black, washed with dark ultramarine;
quills blackish brown, the inner web grey at the base, the secondaries
externally glossed with deep blue; lower part of the back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts pure white, the latter indistinctly
edged with greyish black, here and there tinged with blue; tail-
feathers pure white, margined with blue, which is the colour of the
narrow shaft to the spatula, which is again pure white; entire
under surface pure white, mixed with blue on the under wing-
coverts : bill red; feet olive-brown ; nails fleshy brown. Total
length 14 inches, of bill from front 1*4, from gape 1*9, wing 4*3,
tail 4*4, middle rectrices 8*2, tarsus 0*6, middle toe 0*7, hind
toe 0*4.
Hah. Eaou Island, Moluccas.
a. Ad. sk. Eaou Island. Leyden Museum [E.].
8, Tanysiptera sahrina.
Tanysiptera sabrina, Gray, P. Z. S. 1800, p. 347, pi. 170; Wall
Ibis, 1862, p. 350; id P. Z. S. 1863, p. 24; SchL Nederl Tijdsehr.
JDierh. iii. p. 272 (1866); Gray, Hand-h B. i. p. 90, no. 1073
(1869); Sharpe, P. Z. JS. 1869, p. 631; id. Monogr. Alced. p. 267,
pi. 103 (1871); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. x. p. 301 (1877); id.
Orn. PajMasia etc. i. p. 434 (1880).
Dacelo sabrina, pt., Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 46 (1863); id.
Vog. Nederl. Ind. Alced. pp. 37, 65 (1864): Finsch, Neu- Guinea,
p. 161 (1865).
Tanysiptera
dea, pt., Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. Revue, p. 34
(1874).
Adult. Head, nape, and wing-coverts bright ultramarine; cheeks,
ear-coverts, and hinder part of the neck, upper part of the back, and
scapulars black, plainly washed with dark blue; in the centre of
the back a small patch of white feathers; wing-feathers black, the
extreme basal portion of the inner web white, the exterior web
broadly margined with dark blue; lower part of the back, rump,
and upper tail-coverts pure white; tail-feathers pure white; the
two middle feathers white at the base, with here and there a
narrow blue edging, the narrow portion of the shaft blue, the
spatula white: bill sealing-wax red; feet olive-brown. Total
length 13*5 inches, of bill from front 1*4, from gape 1*8, wing 4*3,
tail 4*3, middle rectrices 7*5, tarsus 0*5, middle toe 0*7, hind
toe 0*3.
Hob. Kaioa Island, Moluccas.
a. Ad. sk. Kaioa Island. "Wallace Coll.
(Type of species.)
b. Ad. sk. Kaioa Island. Wallace Coll.
304 iXCEDIimLE.
9. Tanysiptera hydrocharis.
Tanysiptera sp., Wall. Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) xx. p. 477 (1857).
Tanysiptera liydrocliaris, Gray, P. Z. S. 185S, pp. 172, 190; id. Cat.
Mamm. $ B. New Guinea, pp. 20, 55 (1859)• id. P. Z. S. 1860,
p. 347; Cab. § Heine, Mus. Hein. Tk. ii. p. 162 (1860); Gray,
P. Z. S. 1861, p. 433 * Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 24; Rosenb. Nat
Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxv. p. 231 (1863); id. J.f. 0.1864, p. 118;
Schl. Nederl Tijdschn Dierk. in. ^pp. 269, 340 (1866) ; Rosenb.
Reis naar Zuidoostereil. p. 38 (1867) ; Gray, Hand-L R. i. p. 90,
no. 1075 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S.1869, p. 631; id. Monogr. Alced.
p. 273, pi. 106 (1870); Peh. Verh. z.~b. Ges. Wien, xxii. p. 427
(1872); Schley. Mus. Pays-Bos, Alced. Revue, p. 41 (1874); Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Genov. x. p. 303 (1877) ; D'Albert, f 8alvad. op. cit.
xiv. p. 50 (1879); Salvad. Orn. Papuasia etc, i. p. 450 (1880);
Meyer, Zeitsehr. ges. Orn. i. p. 276 (1884); Salvad. Agg. Orn.
Papuasia, i. p. 55 (1889).
Dacelo liydrocliaris, Schley. Mas. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 46 (1863)T* id.
Vog. Nederl. Ind, pp. 36, 65, pi. xv. fig. 4 (1864); Finsch, Neu-
Guinea, p. 161 (1865).
Adult. Crown of the head light cobalt, blackish on the forehead,
and brighter along the sides of the head; cheeks, ear-coverts, and
nape black ; scapulars, middle of the back, and wing-coverts
black, washed with ultramarine, brighter on the latter; wing-
feathers black, white at the base, washed with ultramarine on the
outer web; rump pure white• tail black, broadly washed with dark
blue; middle feathers blue, edged with white near the base and
terminating in an elongated white spatula; entire under surface
white : bill coral-red; feet dusky reddish olive * eyes dark brown.
Total length 13*3 inches, of bill from front 1, from gape 1*4, wing
3*5, tail 3*3, middle tail-feathers 9, tarsus 3*6, middle toe 0*6, hind
toe 0*25.
Young. Head blackish brown; a line of feathers, extending from
the base of the bill backwards over the eye, pale fulvous brown;
back, scapulars, and wing-coverts dark brown, strongly tingedfwith
dark ochre, especially on the rump and wing-coverts, the latter being
conspicuously edged with ochre ; quills blackish brown, fulvous at
the base, the primaries externally edged with whitish brown, the
secondaries with dark ochre, this colour being spread over the whole
of the innermost secondary quills; tail ochreous brown, the middle
feathers tinged with dull blue; ear-coverts dark brown; cheeks
mixed dark brown and ochre; sides of the neck and entire breast
ochre, margined with blackish brown, the lower part of the abdomen
white • throat pure white, with a line of brown feathers running
down each side of it: bill dark horn-brown, paler on the lower
mandible; feet olive-brown. Total length 5*3 inches, of bill from
front 0*8, wing 3, tarsus 0*55.
Hah. Aru Islands.
a, b, c. Ad.; d. Arn Islands. Wallace Coll,
Imm. sk. (Types of species.)
ejf, Ad. et juv. sk. Aru Islands {A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll.
305
20 . TANYMPTEKA.
g. Juv. sk. Am Islands. Purchased.
h. Ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll.
L Imm. st. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll.
10. Tanysiptera acis.
Tanysiptera acis, Wall. P. Z. S.1863, pp. 23, 24; Schl. Ned. Tijdmhr.
iii. p. 273 (1866) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 631; Gray, Hand-l
B. i. p. 90 (1869); Sharpe, Monogr. Alced. p. 275 (1870); Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Genov. x. p. 303 (1877), xii. p. 319 (1878).
Dacelo dea, pt., Schl. Mus. Pmjs-Bas, Alced. p. 43 (1863); id. Vog.
Ned. 2nd. pp. 33, 62 (1864).
Tanysiptera dea, pt., Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. i. p. 436 (1880).
2mmature (type of species). Head dark blue, inclining to cobalt
on the nape; cheeks, ear-coverts, hinder portion of the neck, upper
part of the back, and scapulars deep black, with a faint tinge of blue
here and there; lower portion of the back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts dingy white, each feather broadly margined with black;
wing-coverts deep blue, the innermost ones bright cobalt; quills
black, the inner web yellowish at the base, the exterior webs slightly
tinged with dark blue; tail-feathers white, broadly edged with blue,
the middle feathers, with the exception of a few white patches at
the base, blue for the whole length as far as the spatula, which is
also edged with blue; entire under surface pale fulvous, each feather
narrowly edged with black : bill red ; feet olive; iris dark brown.
Total length 14 inches, of bill from front 1*2, from gape 1*7, wing 4,
tail 3*7, centre tail-feathers 8, tarsus 0*45,middle toe 0*8, hind toe 0'3.
Hab. Island of Bourou, in the Moluccas,
a. Imm. sk. Bourou. Wallace Coll. (Type of species.)
11. Tanysiptera ellioti.
Tanysiptera ellioti, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 630; id. Monogr. Alced.
p. 271, pi. 105 (1871) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. p. 223, no. 1080 a
(1871) ; Beccari, Ann. Mus. Genov. vii. p. 707 (1875) ; Salvad.
op. cit. x. p. 302 (1877); id. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 447 (1880).
Tanysiptera waldeni (err.), Schl. Nederl. Tijdschr. Bierh. iv. p. 12,
note (1871).
Tanysiptera dea, pt., Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 34 (1874).
Dacelo ellioti, Giebel, Thes. Orn. ii. p. 5 (1875).
Adult Head uniform brilliant cobalt; cheeks, ear-coverts, and
the whole of the back rich ultramarine; lesser and least coverts
brilliant cobalt, the second series bright ultramarine, the cubital and
primary-coverts ultramarine, uniform with back ; quills entirely
black, the outer web broadly washed with deep ultramarine ; lower
part of the back, rump, and upper tail-coverts pure white; tail-
feathers all pure white, the middle ones not attenuated and with no
perceptible spatula, these feathers when observed from a distance
and placed on a level with the eye having a faint blue lustre; entire
under surface white, thighs ultramarine, and the flanks longitudinally
marked with this colour also: bill vermilion; feet olive-brown.
VOL. XVII.
x
306 ALCEDINIDJE.
Total length 13*5 inches, of bill from front 1*4, from gape 1*7,
wing 4*5, tail 4*5, centre feathers 8, tarsus 0*5, middle toe 0*7, hind
toe 0*35.
Young. Similar to adult, but has the wing-coverts somewhat
edged with ochre, and some of the quills dull rusty brown ; the
upper tail-coverts are broadly edged with blue and tinged with
ochre, and the entire under surface of the body is also tinged with
the last-named colour, the flanks being marked with brown; the
tail is also entirely blue.
Hab. Island of Koffiao, near Mysol, in the Moluccas.
a. $ ad. sk. KofFiao, July {Hoedt). Leyden Museum TS.].
12. Tanysiptera margaritse.
Tanysiptera nyaipha (nee Gray), Eeichenb. Handb.} Alced. p. 43, Taf.
406. figs. 3093-94(1851).
Tanysiptera margarethse, Heine, J". /. 0.1859, p. 406; Set, P. Z. S.
1860, p. 347, note ; id. Ibis, 1860, p. 421; Heine, J. f. O. 1861,
p. 215; Schl. Nederl Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 272 (1866); Sharpe,
P. Z. S. 1869, p. 361; id. Monop\ Alced. p. 277, pi. 108 (1870);
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 765 (1875).
Tanysiptera isis, Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 347; Wall Ibis, 1862, p. 350;
id. P. Z. S.1863, p. 24; Schl. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 272
(1866).
Dacelo dea, pi, Schl. Mas. Pays-Bus, Alced. p. 43 (1863); id. Vog.
Nederl. Ind. Alced. pp. 33,62, pi. xiii. %. 2 (1864) • Fitisch, Xeu-
Guinea, p. 161 (1865).
Tanysiptera niargaretta, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 90, no. 1070 (1869).
Tarn siptera dea, pt., Schl. Mas. Pays-Bas, Alced. Revue, p. 3 (1874).
Tanysiptera margaritaj, Salvad. Ami. Mus. Genov. x. p. 303 (1877);
id. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 430 (1880).
Adult. Crown of the head ultramarine, encircled with a line of
bright cobalt feathers; forehead black; cheeks, ear-coverts, back and
sides of neck, upper part of the back, and scapulars deep blue; lower
part of the back and rump white; upper tail-coverts white, broadly
edged with bright blue; quills brownish black, the inner web
white at the base, the outer web sparingly margined with blue,
some of the feathers having a dusky edging; tail-feathers white,
margined with blue, the two middle feathers blue to half the extent
of the spatula, which is elongated, the basal portion of the feathers
being marked or irregularly streaked with white. Total length 13
inches, of bill from front 1*3, from gape 1*7, wing 3*6, tail 3*8,
centre feathers 8, tarsus 0*5, middle toe 0*7, hind toe 0*3.
Hab. Islands of Gilolo and Batchian, in the Moluccas.
a. Ad. sk. Moluccas. Purchased.
b, c. Ad. et juv. sk.
d-g. Ad. sk.
Gilolo.
Gilolo (A. R. Wallace: Sharpe
Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
h-n. Ad. et juv. sk.
o, p. Ad. et juv. sk.
q, r. Ad. sk.
s. Ad. st.
Coll),
Batchian.
Batchian {Sharpe Coll).
Batchian (A. R. Wallace).
Batchian.
Wallace Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Wallace Coll.
20 . TANYSIPTERA..
307
13. Tanysiptera obiensis.
Tanysiptera dea, pt., Schi. Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 272 (1866) ;
id. Mus. Pays-Baa, Alced. Revue, pp. 34, 38 (1874).
Tanysiptera obiensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. x. p. 302 (1877),
xii. p. 318 (1878)5 id. Orn. Pajmasia, I p. 433 (1880).
Adult female. General colour above black, with, a strong wash of
purplish blue, more distinct on the mantle than on the scapulars;
lesser wing-coverts cobalt-blue, forming a bright shoulder-patch ;
greater coverts, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills black,
externally purplish blue ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts
white, the centre ones edged with blue, the intermediate ones black
on the outer web, white on the inner one ; the lateral ones black,
washed with blue; centre tail-feathers blue, with a broad white
racket, and a slight edging of white about the middle of the inner
web, the remainder white, externally edged with blue, the outer
feather white with the external web blue; crown of head bright
cobalt, each feather with a mesial streak of more brilliant blue, the
sides of the hinder crown and the nape very slightly brighter than
the crown ; lores, sides of face, and ear-coverts deep purplish blue;
cheeks and under surface of body pure white, some of the flank-
feathers edged with black, producing a streaked appearance; under
wing-coverts white, several edged with black; edge of wing bright
blue. Total length 14 inches, culmen 1*65, wing 44 , tail 4-6,
centre tail-feathers 8*5, tarsus 0*6.
Hob. Obi Islands, in the Moluccas.
a, g ad. sk. Obi Lattou, Aug. 1862 Leyden Museum [E.].
{Bernstein).
14. Tanysiptera galatea*.
Tanysiptera dea {nee L.), Vigors, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. p. 433 (1825);
Less. Traitt, p. 245 (1831, pt.); id. Compl. Buff., Ois. p. 632 (1838);
Scl. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 156 (1858) ; Gray, P. Z. S.1858,
p. 190; id. Cat. Mamm. § B. N. Guin. pp. 20, 55 (1859) ; Rosenb.
Nat Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxv. p. 230 (1863) ; id. J. f. O. 1864,
p. 118; Schi Mus. Pays~Bas, Alced. Revue, p. 34 (1874, pt.) ;
D'Albert. Ibis, 1876, p. 359.
Alcedo dea {nee L.), Less. Voy. < Coquille; i. pt. 2, p. 697 (1828);
id. Man. d'Orn. p. 91 (1828, pt.).
Dacelo dea
{nee L.), S. Mull Verh. Land- en Volkenk. p. 22 (188944);
Schi. Mus. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 43 (1863, pt.); id. Vog. Nederl.
Ind. pp. 33, 62 (pt.), pi. xiii. ftg. 1 (1864) ; Finsch, Neu-Gainea,
p. 161 (1865, pt.);< Rosenb. Reist. naar GeehinH. pp. 83, 98
(1875).
Tanysiptera galatea, Gray, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 154; Scl P. Z. S. 1859,
p. 199, note; Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 347, 1861, p. 433; Wall
Ibis, 1862, p. 350; id. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 24; Schi Nederl. Tijdschr.
Dierk. iii. p. 271 (1866); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 90, no. 1071
* Dr. Meyer has recently described a form from Eubi in 1ST.W. New Guinea
as T. galatea rubiensis (Abhandl. k. Zool. Mus. Dread. 1890-91, no. 4, p. 8).
308
ALCEDINIDiE.
(1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 631; id. Monogr. Alced. p. 281,
pi. 110 (1871); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. vii. p. 765 (1875), viii.
p. 397 (1876); 'Salvad. t. c. pp. 127,302 (1877); id. Atti JR. Accad.
Set. Tor. xiii. p. 319 (1878); Salvad. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 439
(1880) ; Kehrk. J. f. 0. 1885, p. 31 (Waigiou) ; Guillem. P. Z. S.
1885, p. 626 (Batanta, Andai, Waigiou); Salvad. Agg. Orn.
Papuasia, i. p. 54 (1889).
Tanysiptera rosenbergii, Kaup (ubi ?), teste Gray, Kand-l i. p. 90,
no. 1079 (1869), iii. p. 307 (1871 J.
Dacelo rosenbergii, Giebel, Thes. Orn. ii. p. 8 (1875).
Adult Head and nape brilliant ultramarine ; cheeks, ear-coverts,
sides of the neck, back, and scapulars deep blue-black; upper
wing-coverts black, ediged with dark blue, the interior ones bright
ultramarine; quills black, the inner web white at the base, the
outer web plentifully washed with dark blue; lower part of the
back, rump, and tipper tail-coverts pure white ; tail-feathers white,
with a narrow edging of blue on the outer web, the two middle
tail-feathers blue as far as the spatula, a white spot or two at the
base of the feathers, and a very narrow edging of white here and
there on the inner web ; entire under surface creamy white: bill
sealing-wax red; feet olive-brown. Total length 17*5 inches, of
bill from front 1*3, from gape 1*8, wing 4*4, tail 4-9, middle rectrices
11, tarsus 0*4, middle toe 0*8, hind toe 0*35.
Eab. New Guinea and Salawati. Islands of Batanta, Waigiou,
and Guebeh.
a, h. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll.
c, d. Ad.; e. New Guinea. Gould Coll.
Juv. sk.
/, g. Ad.; h, L Dorey. Wallace Coll.
Juv. bk.
h. $ juv. st. Dorey. Wallace Coll.
/, m. <$ ? ad. ; Waigiou. Wallace Coll.
n. J imm. sk.
o. 2 a(i. sk. Waigiou (A. R. Wallace). Gould CoU.
15. Tanysiptera microrkyncha.
Tanysiptera galatea
(nee Gray), Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S.
Wales, i. p. 390 (1877 ; Port Moresby); id. op. cit. iii. p. 259
(1879); id. op. eit. iv. p. 96 (1879); & Albert. Ann. Mus. Genov.
x. p. 19 (1877 ; Fly River).
Tanysiptera microrhyneha, Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 429
(1882: Moroco district and East Cape); Fitisch $* Meyer,
Zeitschr. ges. Orn. iii. p. 13 (1886).
Tanysiptera
galatea, var. minor, Salvad. 8c JDrAlbert. Ann. Mm.
Genov. vii. p. 815 (1875); Salvad. op. cit. ix. p. 21 (1876); id.
P. Z. S. 1876, p. 752; D>Albert. $ Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. xiv.
p. 49 (1879); Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iv. p. 90
(1879).
Tanysiptera microrhyneha, Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii, pp. 311,493
(1878), xiv. pp. 629, 686 (1879); Finsch 8f Meyer, Zeitschr. ges.
Orn. iii. p. 13 (1886); Sharpe in Gould's B. N. Guinea, iv. pi. 57
(1888) ; Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papiiasia, I p. 54 (1889).
20 . TANYSIPTERA.
Tanysiptera galatea, pi, Salvacl Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 438 (1880),
iii. p. 523 (1882) j JFinsch, Vog. der Siidsee, p. 24 (1884).
Adult Similar to T. galatea, and having the mantle blue-black
as in that species, but easily distinguished by its much smaller
bill. Total length 12 inches, culmen 1*35, wing 4*1, tail 3*9,
central feathers 7, tarsus 0*6.
Hob. S.E. New Guinea.
a, b. Juv. sk. Aleya, S.E. New Guinea, April. Dr. James [C.1
c. $ ad. sk. Opposite Yule Island, Nov. Dr. James [O.J.
(Type of species.)
d, e. Ad. sk. Opposite Yule Island, Feb., Nov. Tweeddale Coll.
(Dr. James),
f-h.
Ad. ; /. Inland from Port Moresby (A. Tweeddale &
Juv. sk. Goldie). Gould Colls.
m.
Ad. st. Inland from Port Moresby (A. Sharps Coll.
Goldie).
16. Tanysiptera rosseliana.
Tanysiptera rosseliana, Trisbr. Ibis, 1889, p. 567 (Kossel Island).
Tanysiptera galatea (nee Gray), De Vis, Brit. New Guinea, Report,
p. 108 (1890).
Adult. General colour above deep blue, including the mantle and
scapulars ; the entire back from the mantle downwards, including
the upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers, white; the two centre tail-
feathers with a long racket at the end, before which the narrow
elongated portion of the feathers is blue; wing-coverts and quills
black, externally deep blue, with a shoulder-patch of brighter blue
on the lesser wing-coverts, which are of the same tint as the crown;
entire crown, nape, and hind neck bright blue; a line across the
base of the forehead, lores and eyelid black; cheeks, ear-coverts,
and sides of neck deep blue; entire under surface of body white,
with a patch of black feathers slightly washed with blue at the
sides of the chest; thighs with a few blue feathers near the tibial
joint; axillaries and under wing-eoverts black with a slight wash
of deep blue, the blue brighter near the edge of the wing; quills
black. Total length 15 inches, culmen 1*3, wing 4*35, tail 4*7,
central tail-feathers 10*3, tarsus 0*7.
Hob. Kossel Island, Louisiade Archipelago.
a. Ad. sk. Kossel Island. Salvin-Godman Coll.
17. Tanysiptera meyeri.
Tanysiptera galatea (nee Gray), Meyer, Zeitschr. yes. Orn. ii. p. 33
(1886, Kafu).
Tanysiptera meyeri, Salvad. Agg. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 54 (1889) ;
Meyer, Abhandl. k. Zool. Mus. Dresd. 1890-91, no. 4, p. 8.
Adult. Similar to T. microrhjncha and having the same small
bill, but the upper parts more distinctly shaded with purple. The
310
ALCEDINID-SE.
head is uniform silvery blue, and the inner wing-coverts have the
same tint, while the shade on the centre tail-feathers is greenish
blue. Total length 15*5 inches, culmen 1*4, wing 4*15, tail 4,
centre feathers 9*5, tarsus 0-6.
Hah. KW . JS W Guinea and the interior of South-eastern Kew
Guinea.
a. Ad. sk. Finsch Harbour, N.W. New Purchased.
G uinea.
b. Ad. sk. Inland from Port ^Moresby. K. Broadbent [C.].
18. Tanysiptera dea.
? Martin-pecheur a long brins, Valentyn, Amboina, p. 301, Taf. iii.
Le Martin-pescheur de Ternate, Brim. Orn. iv. p. 52*5, pi. 40. fig. 2
(1700).
Alcedo dea, Linn. Syst Nat i. p. 181 (1766); Gm. Syst. Nat. L
p. 458 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 256 (1790) ; Shaw, Gen.
ZooL viii. p. 73 (1811); Cuv. Regne Anhn. i. p. 417 (1817);
VieilL N. Diet d'Hist. Nat xix. p. 417 (1818); Watt. P Z. S.
1863, p. 24.
Martin-pecheur de Ternate, Daitbent. PL Hnl. pi. 116.
Tanysiptera
dea, Vigors, Tr. Linn. Soc. xiv. p. 433 (1825, pt.) j
Gray, Gen.B.L?. 78 (1846); Bp. Consp. i. p. 157 (1850, pt.) ;
Reichenb. Handb., Alced. p. 42, Taf. 405. fig. 3489 (1851); Bp.
Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 9 (1854) ; SchL Nederl Tijdschr. JDierk.
iii. p. 339 (1806); Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 90, no. 1069 (1869);
SchL Mus. Fays~R'as, Alced. Re rue, p. 34 (1874); Salvad. Ann.
Mus. Genov. x. p. 303 (1877) • id. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 436
(1880).
Tany*iptera nais,
Gray, P. Z. S. 18C.0, pp. 346, 347; Wall. P. Z. S.
1863, p. 24; SchL Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 273 (1866);
Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 90, no. 1074 (1809); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869,
p. 631; id. Monogr. Alced. p. 279, pi. 109 (1871); Cab. & Reichen.
J.f.O. 1876, p. 323.
Dacelo
dea, pt., SchL Mm. Pays-Bas, Alced. p. 43 (1863); id.
Yog. Nederl. Ind. pp. 33, 62, pi. 13. figs. 3, 4 (1864); Finsch,
Neu-Guinea, p. 161 (1865).
Adult. Head shining cobalt; cheeks, ear-coverts, sides and back
of the neck, and upper portion of the back deep blue, distinctly
spotted with cobalt on the latter ; middle of the back and scapulars
deep blue; wing-coverts bright cobalt, the outer ones deep blue;
quills black, washed externally with bright blue; lower portion of
the back and tail-coverts pure white; tail-feathers white, narrowly
edged with blue on the outer web, the two middle feathers very
long, white at the base, the rest of the feather blue as far as the
spatula, which is white; entire under surface white, with a tinge
of cream-colour: bill sealing-wax red; feet olive-brown. Total
length 16 inches, bill from front 1*3, from gape 1*9, wing 4*2, tail
4*2, middle rectrices 10*2, tarsus 0*5, middle toe 0*7, hind toe 0*25.
Young. Head deep cobalt, brighter over the eye; cheeks, ear-
coverts, and back of neck deep blue-black, mottled with blue on the
latter as in the adult; back and scapulars dark brown, slightly
20 . TANYSIPTEEA.
marked with rufous on the latter; wing-coverts black, more broadly-
edged with rufous and exhibiting a tinge of blue here and there;
quills dark brown, slightly washed with blue near the base of the
outer web, the secondaries slightly margined with rufous-brown;
lower part of the back, rump, and upper tail-coverts fulvous-white,
broadly margined with blackish; tail-feathers fulvous white at the
base, broadly margined with blackish ; middle tail-feathers bluish,
broadened slightly towards the apex, white at the base of both
webs, and longitudinally marked with fulvous-white near the tip;
entire under surface fulvous, becoming white in one or two places,
all the feathers margined with blackish, developing into two
large black patches on either side of the upper part of the breast:
bill dull sealing-wax red ; feet oli\e-brown.
Uab. Islands of Amboina and Ceram, Monawolka, Boano, and
Manipa.
a. Ad. sk. Molucca?.
Purchased.
b. Ad. sk. Moluccas.
Tweeddale Coll.
o, d. Ad. et juv. Moluccas (Sharpe Coll.). Tweeddale Coll.
sk.
e. Ad. sk. Ceram. Wallace Coll.
f, y. Ad.; h. Ceram. "Wallace Coll.
Juv. sk. (Types of species.)
i-l. Ad. sk. Ceram (A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Amboina.
Sir E. Belcher [P.].
n, o. Ad. et juv. Amboina. Wallace Coll.
sk.
p. (S ad. sk. Amboina, May 21 (M. 0. Forbes). Tweeddale Coll.
19. Tanysiptera riedeli.
Tanysiptera riedeli, Verr. Nouv. Arch. Mus. ii. Bull. p. 21, pi. 3.
fig. 1 (1866); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 90, no. 1080 (1809) ; Sharpe,
P. Z. S.1869, p. 631; id. Monoc/r. Alced. p. 283, pi. Il l (1871):
Riedel, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 1; Walden, Trans. Z. 8. viii. p. 45
(1872); Meyer, 8itz. h. Ahad. Wissensch. Wien, lxix. p. 74
(1874); Schl. MUS. Pays-Bas, Alced. Revue, p. 40 (1874);
Bosenb. Beist. naar Geelvinhb. pp. 47, 115, pi. 14. fig. 2 (1875) ;
Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. vii. p. 708 (1875); Roioley,
Orn. Misc. i. p. 176 (1876); 8alvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. x. p. 803
(1877); id. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 426 (1880).
Tanysiptera schlegelii,
Bosenb. M88.; of. 8chl. Nederl. Tijdschr.
Dierk.iv. p. 12(1871).
Dacelo riedeli, Giebel, Tkes. Orn. ii. p. 8 (1875).
Adult. Crown of head and hind neck glistening silvery cobalt,
each feather with a mesial streak of brighter silvery blue, the
colour deepening slightly on the mantle and upper back; scapulars
deep ultramarine with black bases; wing-coverts silvery cobalt like
the head, the exterior median and greater coverts black, with ultramarine
or silvery-blue ends; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and
quills Mack, externally ultramarine ; lower back, rump, upper tail-
coverts and tail white, the centre tail-feathers blue along the
narrow portion, ending in a white racket: cheeks, sides of face,
312 ALCEDINmaS.
and ear-coverts bright silvery cobalt-, a little deeper blue on trie
sides of the neck; under surface of body pure white, the sides of
the upper breast brown, washed with blue; the flanks also slightly
mottled with black bases• under wing-coverts, asillaries, and quill-
lining black• edge of wing silvery blue. Total length 13*5 inches,
cu]men 1*55, wing 4*1, tail 4, centre feathers 8, tarsus 0*65.
Hob. Island of Misori in the Bay of Geelvink, Xew Guinea.
a. <$ ad. sk. Kordo, Misori, April. Dr. A. B. Meyer [0.].
b. $ ad.; c. Ad. Kordo, Misori, April (A. B. Tweeddale Coll.w
sk. Meyer).
d. § ad. sk. Kordo, Misori. Goidd Coll.
20. Tanysiptera carolinae.
Tanysiptera carolinse, Schl. NederL Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. p. 13 (1871;
ex Bosenb. MSti.); id. Mm. Pays-Bas, Alced. Revue, p. 41
(1874); Rosenb. Reist. naar GeeMnkb. pp. 37, 115, 138, pi. 14.
fig. 1 (1875); Beccari, Ann. Mils. Genov. vii. p. 708 (1875);
Gould, B. New Guinea, iv. pi. 47 (1876); Salvad. Ann. Mus.
Civic. Ge?iov. x. p. 303 (1877): id. Orn. Papuasia etc. i. p. 424
(1880).
Adult male. General colour above deep ultramarine-blue; the
wings like the back, the quills blackish at the ends and on the
inner webs; lesser and median v>ing-coverts brighter than the rest
of the wing; lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail white ;
sides of lower back and rump black, washed with blue ; the exposed
shaft of the two long tail-feathers blue, followed by a white racket *
crown of head and hind neck ultramarine, brighter than the back, a
little brighter above the ear-coverts ; sides of face, ear-coverts, and
entire under surface of body ultramarine; under tail-coverts white;
under wing-coverts, axillaries, and under surface of quills black;
the edge of the wing blue. Total length 13 inches, culmen 1*5,
wing 4*2, tail 3*7, central tail-feathers 7, tarsus 0*7.
Hob. Island of Mafor in the Bay of Geelvink.
a, b. Ad. sk. Mafor Island (A. B. Meyer). Gould Coll.
c. d, Ad. sk. Mafor Island (A. B. M,). Tweeddale Coll.
e. £ ad. sk. Mafor, May 30. Dr. Beccaii [C.].
M0M0TIDJE.
313
Family MOMOTIDiE.
(By K. B. SHABPE.)
Palate desmognathous. Basipterygoid processes absent. Sternum
with four notches on posterior margin, converted into foramina.
Two carotid arteries present.
Spinal feather-tract well-defined on neck, and not forked on the
upper back. Aftershaft of contour-feathers present.
Caeca none.
Bill serrated.
Tail-feathers 12, in BarypWiengus 10, the centre ones generally
ending in a large racket. Eeet anisodactyle.
Range, Confined to Central and South America.
Cf. Murie, Ibis, 1872, pp. 383-412, pis. xiii.-xv.
Key to tlie Genera.
a. Nostrils oval, situated anteriorly in the
nasal depression, the posterior portion
of which is shut in by a horny membrane
; the rictal bristles represented
by antrorse feathers with well-formed
radii 1. UEOSPATHA, p. 314.
b. Nostrils rounded, situated in the anterior
part of the nasal cavity, but with no
visible posterior membrane, the nasal
plumes impinging on the base of the
nostrils; rictal bristles hair-like, the
plumes being almost devoid of radii.
a\ Tail longer than wing.
a". Culm en flattened, with a conspicuous
ridge, which is grooved:
bill broader than high at nostrils. 2. PBIONIBHYNCHTJS, p. 315.
b". Culmen without any grooved
ridge.
a'". Bill flattened, broader at
nostrils than it is deep 3. EXJMOMOTA, p. 317.
b"'. Bill as broad at the nostrils as
it is deep.
a4. Centre tail-feathers with a
well-defined racket 4. MOMOTUS, p. 318.
b*. Centre tail-feathers without
a racket.
a5. Bill compressed; genys and
culmen ridged ; plumage
like that of Momotus; tail-
feathers 10 5. BARYFHTHENGUS, p. 330.
bs. Billflattened, the genys and
culmen flattened; plumage
green, with a blue throat;
tail-feathers 12 6. ASPATHA, p. 331.
h'.
Wing and tail about equal in length;
size small 7, HYLOMANES, p. 332.
314 M0H0TID.3E.
Urospatka, Salvad. AttiR. Accad. Torino, iv. p. 179 (1872). IT. martii.
Range. Erom Upper Amazonia to Colombia, Ecuador, and extending
to Panama and Costa Eica.
1. Urospatlia martii.
Prionites martii, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 64; Taf. Is. (1824) ; Tschudi,
Faun. Peruan. p. 252 (1855).
Momotus martii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 68 (1847) ; Scl. Cat. Amer. B.
p. 202 (1862); SchL Mus. Pays-Baa, Momotus, p. 4 (1863); Scl.
$ Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 363 (Panama), 1866, p. 191 (Ucayali),
1867, p. 751 (Chyavetas); Gray, Sand-l. B. i. p. 80, no." 939
(1869); Salv. P. Z. S.1870, p. 201 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 320
(Nicaragua); Scl. § Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 292 (Upper Ucayali) :
Berl. $ Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 571 (W. Ecuador).
Crypticas martii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 165 (1850).
Momotus semirufus, Scl, Rev. Zool 1853, p. 489 (Santa Marta);
Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 136 (Bogota), 1857, p. 254; Schl Mus.
Pays~Bas, Momotus, p. 5 (1803).
Baryphonus semirufus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 8 (1854).
Orybelus marti, Cab. $ Seine, Mus. Sein. Th. ii. p. 112 (1860) j
Tacz. P. Z. & 1874, p. 547.
Urospatha martii, Saload. Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, iv. p. 179
(1872); Scl. § Salv. Nomencl. Av. Keot. p. 102 (1873); Zeledon,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Till p. 109 (1885; Costa Rica); Tacz. Orn.
PSroUyiii. p. Il l (1886; Central Peru, Monterico).
Baryphthengus martii, Berlepsch, J.f.O. 1889, p. 308 (Yurimaguas).
Adult male. General colour above bright green, the "fling-coverts
and secondaries like the back ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and
primaries dusky blackish, externally blue, the outer ones purple on
the outer web; tail-feathers green, becoming bine towards their
ends ; the shafts black, the centre feathers produced and ending in
a blue racket, which is blackish towards the ends; head, neck, and
under surface of body bright cinnamon; sides of neck green like
the back; lores, feathers round the eye, cheeks, and ear-coverts
black; on the fore neck an elongated tuft of black feathers; lower
abdomen, thigbs, and under tail-coverts greenish blue; under wing-
coverts greenish blue; quills blackish below. Total length 17 inches,
culmen 2*1, wing 6*1, tail 6*4, centre feathers 10, tarsus 1-45.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 18*5
inches, culmen 2, wing 6, tail 7, centre feathers 11, tarsus 1*3.
Young. Coloured like the adult, but duller • the lower abdomen,
vent, and under tail-coverts green instead of blue; the centre
feathers not having the racket.
Sab. The same as that of the genus.
a. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (T Salvin-Godman Coll.
Belt).
b. Ad. sk. Costa Kica (J. Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. J ad. sk. Costa Rica (J. Carmiol). Sclater Coll.
2 . PEI01STRHYNCHTJS.
d. J ad. sk.
ej. S ad.; g. $
ad. sk.
h. tf ad, sk.
z. Ad. sk.
k, I. Ad. sk.
m. cS ad. sk.
n, o. Ad. sk.
£. Ad. sk.
q, r. Ad. etjuv. sk.
s. J ad. sk.
t, u. Iniin. sk.
Angostura, Costa Kica, Feb. 5
(J". CarmioT).
Santa E<$, Veragua (I?. Arct).
Panama (J. McLeannan),
Panama (J. McLeannan).
Panama.
Remedios, Antioquia (T. K.
Salmon).
Ecuador.
Ecuador.
Sarayacu, Ecuador (C. Buck
ley).
Chayavetas, E. Peru, Aug. 21
(E. Bartlett).
Apollo, Bolivia (C. Buckley).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
2.
PEIOMBHYNCHUS.
Type.
Crypticus, Swains. Classif. B. ii. 1837, p. 338 (neeLap. 1817) P. platyrhynckus.
Prionirlxynchus, ScL P. Z. S. 1857, p. 265 P. carinatus.
Range. Erom Upper Amazonia through Colombia to Panama as
high as Guatemala and British Honduras.
Key to the Species.
a. Head, neck, and throat cinnamon-rufous; no blue
on eyebrow and chin platyrhynchus,
b. Head, neck, and throat green or olive-green, with [p. 315.
a broad blue eyebrow, as well as a chin-patch
of blue carinatus, p. 316.
1. Prionirhynchus platyrhynchns.
Momotus platyrliynchus, Leadb. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 92 (1833);
Jard. Sf Selby, 111. Orn. iii. pi. 106.
Crypticus platyrhynchus, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 338 (1837).
Piionirhynchus platyrhynchus, ScL P. Z. S. 1857, p. 256; Scl $
Salv. P. Z. S. 18C4, p. 362 (Panama); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 151
(Veragua); Scl. ty Salv. t. c. p. 279 (Mosquitia),- Salvin, Ibis,
1872, p. 321 (Nicaragua); Scl. $ Salv. Nomencl.Av. Neotr. p. 102
(1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 534 (Antioquia).
Adult General colour above grass-green; wings like the back,
the primaries externally blue; tail-feathers blue, washed with
green, the shafts black; all the tail-feathers blackish at the ends,
the centre feathers produced into a blue racket, tipped with black ;
head and neck all round deep cinnamon-rufous; lores, feathers
round the eye, and a streak along the ear-coverts black; cheeks,
sides of face, throat, and breast deep cinnamon-rufous; the chin
emerald-green; on the fore neck a mass of elongated black feathers;
lower breast and abdomen bluish green ; sides of body and under
tail-coverts inclining to grass-green ; under wing-coverts rufescent,
316 MOMOTIB^S.
those near the edge of the wing green. Total length 13 inches,
culmen 1*5, wing 4*3, tail 5, centre feathers 6*7, tarsus 0*75.
Hab. Upper Amazonia to Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Costa
Eica.
a. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (T. Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. 5 ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk.
d. e,f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. $ ad. sk.
Belt).
Angostura, Costa Rica,
June 19 (J". Carmiol).
Santa Fe*, Veragua (E. Arce).
Chepo, Panama, Nov. (E.
Arci).
Panama (J. McLeannan).
Panama (J. McLeannan).
Salvin-Godnaan Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
i. Ad. sk.
k. <$ ad. sk.
Reniedios, Antioquia {T. K.
Salmon),
Reniedios (T. K Salmon).
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
L Ad. sk. U.S. Colombia. Purchased.
m, n. Ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk.
Sarayacu, Ecuador (C. Buckley).
Yauavacu, Ecuador (C. BuckSalvin-
Godman Coll,
Salvin-Godman Coll.
ley).
2. Piiouirhynchus carinatus.
Prionites carinatus, DuBus, Ball. Acad. Bruxelles, xiv. pt. 2, p. 108
(1847); id. Rev. ZooL 1848, p. 249.
? Crypticus carinatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 165 (1850).
Prionirhynchus carinatus, ScL P. Z. S. 1857, p. 257, pi. 128 (Guate
mala), 1858, p. 357 (Yojoa); ScL 8, Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 132 •
Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 117 ; ScL Cat. Amer. B. p. 263 (1862; Lake
Yojoa) (1869); Salv. Ibis, 1872, p. 321 (Nicaragua); ScL § Salv.
Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 102 (1873); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 39,
49 (Costa Rica).
Momotus carinatus, Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 81, no. 946 (1869).
Adult. Similar to P. platyrJiynchus as regards the colour of the
back, wings, and tail, but entirely wanting the cinnamon-riifous
colour on the head, neck, and breast; the crown green, a little
lighter than the back, with a streak of bright blue over the eye;
base of forehead rufous ochre; lores, feathers round the eye, and
ear-coverts black; cheeks, ear-coverts, and under surface of body
green, washed with golden olive on the fore neck and chest; below
the black ear-coverts a shade of blue, and a conspicuous blue chin-
patch ; on the fore neck a large patch of elongated black plumes;
under tail-coverts dull green, washed with ochre at the base.
Total length 11*5 inches, culmen 1*45, wing 4*35, tail 6, tarsus 0*7.
Hah. Central America, from British Honduras to Nicaragua.
a. Ad. sk. Belize, British Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll.
(J. Blancaneauw).
b. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Lake of Yojoa, Honduras Sclater CoH,
(Q. C. Taylor).
e. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (T.Beit). Salvin-Godman Coll.
3 . EUMOMOTA.
317
3. EUMOMOTA. _
Type.
Eumomota, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 257 E. superciliaris.
Spathophorus, Cab. fy Seine, Mus. Rein. Tli. ii.
p. 112 (1860) E. superciliaris.
Mange. Central America from Honduras to Chiriqui.
1. Eumomota superciliaris.
Prionites superciliaris, Sandbank, Hep. Brit. Assoc. 1837, p. 99.
Prionites (Crypticus) superciliaris, Jard. §* Selby, III. Orn. iv. pi. 18
(c. 1838).
Crypticus superciliosus, Swains. An. in Menag. p. 358 (1837).
Crypticus apiaster, Less. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 174.
Momotus yucatanensis, Cabot, Proc. Bast. Soc. N. H. 1843, p. 156,
1844, p. 466 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 68 (1847).
Crypticus superciliaris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 165 (1850).
Momotus superciliaris, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 68 (1847) ; id. List Fissir.
Brit Mus. p. 40 (1848); id. Hand-l B. i. p. 80, no. 944 (1869);
Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Momotus, p. 7(1863).
Prionites yucatanensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 165 (1850).
Eumomota superciliaris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 257; Moore, P. Z. S.
1859, p. 54 (Omoa); Scl. $ Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 132 (Guatemala);
8alv. Ibis, 1860, p. 195 ; Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 64 (nesting); Scl.
Cat. Amer. B. p. 263 (1862); id. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837
(Honduras); iid. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 103 (1873); Scl. Ibis,
1873, p. 373 (Chontales); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 49 (Costa
Rica); Nutting, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. v. p. 399 (1882), vi. p. 387
(1883) ; Salmi, Ibis, 1889, p. 371 (Meco Island: Yucatan).
Spathophorus
superciliaris, Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 112
(1860).
Adult male. General colour above grass-green, -with somewhat of
an oily-green shade on the head and neck; the mantle cinnamon,
with some of the feathers greenish at the ends; wing-eoverts grass-
green, the greater series bluish on the inner web; bastard-wing
blue: primary-coverts black, forming a patch ; quills blue, black at
the ends, the black tip decreasing in size towards the innermost
secondaries, where it disappears ; the outermost primary blue only
on the inner web ; tail-feathers blue, with black shafts and tips, the
two centre ones produced into a long bare shaft, with a broad
racket of blue with the terminal half black; crown grass-green,
with a broad superciliary band, commencing at the base of the
nostril, first silvery white and then shading off into silvery cobalt;
lores black as well as the feathers below the eye, the latter spangled
with a few silvery-blue spots ; ear-coverts black, produced into an
elongated band of black; above the ear-coverts and behind the eye
a small spot of chestnut; sides of face, cheeks, sides of throat and
of neck, as well as the fore neck and breast, oily green, becoming
grass-green on the fore neck and breast; at the base of the cheeks
a few spots of silvery blue ; centre of throat black, forming a broad
streak, which is bordered on each side by a band of elongated
silvery-blue feathers; sides of body, abdomen, under tail-coverts, as
well as the under wing-coverts and axillaries, pale ferruginous;
thighs green ; quills below blackish, ashy rufous along the inner
318
IIOMOTIBJS.
web. Total length. 15 inches, culmen 1*6, wing 4%5, tail 4*3, centre
feathers 9-5, tarsus 0*8.
Hab. Central America from Yucatan to Costa Rica.
a. Ad. sk. Central America. Zoological Society.
b, c. Ad. sk. Bay of Oanrpeche. Purchased.
d. Ad. sk. Meco Is., Yucatan, Dec. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(G. F. Gaumer).
e, f} g. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (G. F. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gaumer fy E. C. JDevis).
h-m. Ad.sk. Peto, Yucatan(6r. F. Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n-u. Ad. sk. Buctzotz, Yucatan, April (G. Salvin-Godman Coll.
F. Gaumer).
v. Ad. sk. Merida, Yucatan, Dec. (A. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sckott).
w, x. Ad. sk. Temax, Yucatan, May (G. Sclater Coll.
F. Gaumer).
y, z. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Gould Coll.
a'9 b'. c? ad.; c'. Iletalhuleu, Guatemala, July Salvin-Godman Coll.
Juv. sk. (W. B. Richardson),
d'. 2 ad. sk. San Jo$6, Guatemala, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(0. &).
e1. S B&'ififf't San Geronimo, Guatemala, Salvin-Godman Cull.
h'. ? ad. sk. Oct., Dec, (0. &).
i'. h\ l\ m'. Ad. sk. La Libertad, S. Salvador, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Feb., March (W. B.
Richardson).
n'or. <$ ; p'. 2 ad. S.Miguel,S.Salvador,March, Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk. April ( W. B. 22.).
q\ Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (G. If. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Whitehj).
r% s'. Ad. sk. San Pedro (G. M. WMtely). Sclater Coll.
t'. Ad.sk. Chontales, Nicaragua(r.Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll.
u'-z\ S ^d. et juv. Chimndega,Nicaragua,April, Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk. May ( W. B. Richardson),
a", b". Ad. sk. Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
(E. Aree).
4. MGMOTUS.
Tjpe.
Momotus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 465 (1760) M. momota.
Baryphonus, VieilL Analyse, p. 48 (1816) M. momota.
Prionites, Illiger, Prodr. p. 224 (1811) M. momota.
Range. Central America from Mexico to Panama, and South
America to the Amazonian Subregion and Bolivia.
Key to the Species.
a. Head blue, or blue with a black coronal patch.
a!. Centre of the crown black.
a". Hind neck with a patch of chestnut
below the blue nape-cincture; under
surface of body greenish, or oehreous
with a greenish tinge momota, p. 319.
b". Entire hind neck chestnut, overspreading
the mantle; under surface of body
rufescent bartletti) p. 320.
c".
No distinct patch of rufous on the nape
or hind neck, but a shade of orange
4 . MOMOTTJS.
31 9
rufous concealed by the "blue nape;
under surface of body rufescent ... . subrufescens, p. 321.
d". No rufous on the hind neck, which
resembles the mantle and sides of
the neck in colour.
a'". Under surface green or olive with a
slight tawny shade.
a1. Size smaller: without a broad bar
of black round the blue nape-
cincture, some few feathers black-
centred or black-tipped.
a5. Coronal spot of black large ... . nattereri, p. 322.
b5. Coronal spot of black small... . mierostepha?iu$, p. 322.
64. Size rather larger; a broad band
of black round the blue nuchal
cincture.
c5. Larger: light streak below the
black cheeks obsolete or
represented by a few green
feathers only; purplish shade
on nuchal cincture obsolete .. (Bquatorialis, p. 323.
d5. Smaller: light streak below the
black cheeks always well pronounced
and bright -blue;
nuchal cincture with a purplish
shade posteriorly *. kssoni, p. 324.
b'". Under surface chestnut, the throat
like the rest of the abdomen and
breast swainsoni, p. 326.
b'. Entire crown blue, with no black centre.. caruleiceps, p. 327.
, Head chestnut.
c'. Black of sides of face bordered above and
below with blue mexicanus, p. 328.
d'. No blue on the sides of the face castaneiceps, p. 329.
1. Momotus momota.
Rhamphastus momota, Linn. S. N. i. p. 152 (1766); Gm. Syst.
Nat. i. p. 357 (1788).
Motmot du Bresil, Daubent. PL Enl. vi. pi. 370.
Brazilian Motmot, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 338, pi. x. (1781).
Momotus brasiliensis, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 140 (1790); Gray, Gen.
B. i. p. 68 (1847); id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 39 (1848); Scl.
P. Z. S, 1857, p. 250 (Cayenne, etc.); id. Cat. Amer. B. p. 263
(1862); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Momotus, p. 2 (1863); Pelz. Orn.
Bras. p. 19 (1868); Scl fy Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotr. p. 102 (1873);
Gray, JELand-l B. i. p. 79, no. 930 (1869) ; Muriejbis, 1872, p. 387 ;
Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 60 (Brit. Gruiana).
? Le Motmot ou Houtou, Levaill. Hist. Nat, Ois. Par ad. Molliers, i.
p. 108, pis. 37, 38 (1806).
Prionites momota, Illiger, Prodr. p. 224 (1811); Cab. in Schomb.
Beis. Guian. iii. p. 704 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 165 (1850); Cab.
$ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 114 (1860).
Baryphonus cyanocephalus,
Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxi. p. 315
(1818).
Momotus momota, Jard. $• Selby, III. Orn. ii. Syn. no. 1 ; Stejn.
Stand. Nat. Hist. Birds, p. 398 (1885).
Prionites brasiliensis, Swains, Classif. B. ii. p. 388 (1837); Burnt.
Th. Bras. ii. p. 412 (1856).
320
Moaroim
Adult male. General colour above grass-green, the wing-coverts
and secondaries like the back; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and
outer aspect of quills blue; tail-feathers green at base, becoming
blue towards the ends, the middle ones having an elongated blue
racket which is black at the ends ; centre of crown black ; forehead
silvery cobalt, extending backwards over the eye and deepening
into an ultramarine band which surrounds the black crown; hind
neck with a ferruginous patch• lores, feathers below the eye, and
ear-coverts black, the latter tapering to a point posteriorly ; above
the ear-coverts a narrow line of silvery-blue feathers, and another
line of blue separating the black of the sides of the face from the
cheeks; sides of hinder crown, sides of neck, and cheeks green,
with somewhat of an olive tinge; under surface of body olive-
greenish, with a ruddy tint on the throat and sides of body and
abdomen ; in the centre of the fore neck a long patch of hackle-like
feathers, bordered with greenish blue• thighs and under tail-
coverts greenish like the breast; under wing-coverts pale reddish
buff; edge of wing green; quills below dusky, ashy fulvous along
the edge of the inner web. Total length 17*5 inches, culmen 1*7,
wing 5*8, tail 6*8, centre feathers 10*3, tarsus 1.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour, but rather greener
underneath.
Two specimens from Para are smaller, have a smaller chestnut
spot on the back of the neck, and a deep cinnamon-coloured under
surface. Total length 15*5 inches, wing 5'5, tail 6*75, long feathers
9*6, tarsus 1. Should further specimens confirm these differences,
the bird may be called M. parensis.
Hah. Guiana, extending to the Rio Negro along the Amazon
region to Para.
a. Ad. sk. South America. J. Gould, Esq.
b, e. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Dernerara.
Gould Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Dernerara.
W. T. Turner, Esq.
f9 g. S ¥ &d. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Oct., Nov. (JT. Wh&ely).
h.
(S ad. sk. River Atapurow, Jan. 26 (J2T. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Whitely).
i. <j> ad. sk. Eoraima, Jan. 6 {K> Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h.
<$ ad. sk. Barra, Rio Negro, July 26 (J. Salvin-Godman Coll.
batterer).
/, m. Ad. sk. Para,
Gould Coll.
2. Momotus bartletti (Plate IX.)
? Prionites brasiliensis, Tschudi fy Cab. Faun. Peruan.. Orn. p. 251
(1855).
Momotus brasiliensis (nee Lath.), Scl P. Z. S. 1857, p. 250 (pt., spec.
ex Fl. Ucayali); Scl § Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 191 (1873), p. 292
(Upper Ucayali; Chamicuros) • Tacz. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 43 (Yurimaguas);
id. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 108 (1886).
4 . MOMOTUS. 321
Adult. Similar to M. momola, but instead of having a chestnut
patch on the hind neck, the whole of the latter is chestnut
and this colour overspreads the upper mantle; under surface of
body rufescent. Total length 16 inches, culmen 1*7, wing 5, tail 6,
centre tail-feathers 9, tarsus 1*1.
Hab. Prom Colombia to the Peruvian Amazons *.
a. J ad. sk. Upper Ueayali (JEJ. JBartlett). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater CoU. (One of
the types of M. microstephanus.)
3. Momotus subrufescens. (Plate X. fig, 1.)
Momotus subrufescens, Scl. Iiev. Zool. 1853, p. 489; id. P. Z. S.
1857, p. 252 (Santa Marta); id. Cat Amer. B. p. 261 (1862;
Santa Marta); Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. F. vii. p. 318 (1862) ; Schl.
Mus. Pays-Bas, Momotus, p. 3 (1863); Gray, Hand-l. B.i. p. 79,
no. 931 (1869) ; Murie, Ibis, 1872. p. 401 ; Scl. # Salv. Nomencl.
Av. Neotr. p. 102 (1873; Colombia to Panama); Salvin § Godman,
Ibis, 1880, p. 174 (Santa Marta).
? Prionites parvirostris, Bp. C. B. xxxviii. p. 659 (1854) ; id. Consp.
Volucr. Anis. p. 8 (1854).
Prionites subrufescens, Bp. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 8 (1854); Cab.
8f Heine, Mus. Hew. Th. ii. p. 114 (1860).
Momotus swainsoni (nee Scl., 1862), Scl. $• Salv. P.Z.S. 1868,
p. 628 (San Esteban).
Adult female. Similar to M. momota, but smaller, the band
on the crown silvery cobalt, becoming purplish cobalt on the
nuchal cincture; the hind neck and sides of neck chestnut, overspreading
the mantle; the green of the upper surface and tail
lighter and more oehraceous than in M. brasiliensis; under surface
of body cinnamon-rufous, not green, but showing a little green on
the throat: "iris rich brownish red" (F. Simons). Total length
15*5 inches, culmen 1*7, wing 5, tail 5*8, centre tail-feathers 9*8,
tarsus 1*05.
The Venezuelan specimens differ from those from Santa Marta
in having the posterior margin of the black crown nearly pure
ultramarine-bluo. They^ may prove to be a distinct species and
may be called Momotus Venezuela. The Bogota and Panama
specimens agree with the typical forms from Santa Marta, as do
also those from Matto Grosso, but some of the latter seem to be
slightly intermediate.
Bab. Prom Panama to Colombia and Venezuela, south to Matto
Grosso.
a. Ad. sk. Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui Sclater Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk.
d,e. S ? ad. sk.
/ , g. Ad. sk.
(E. Arce).
Chepo, Isthmus ofNov. (K ArcS).
Panama (J. McLeann
U.S. Colombia.
Panama,
an).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
* I expected that this new species would have proved identical with M. brasiliensis
ignobilis of Berlepsck (J. f. O. 1889, p. 308); but this cannot be the case,
as the greener under surface is a marked character of the latter bird. A specimen
from Para (Wallace) may belong to M. ignobilis.
VOL. XVII. T
322
M0M0TID.3E.
Purchased.
h. Ad. sk. U.S. Colombia.
i. Ad. sk. U.S. Colombia.
Sclater Coll. (Type
h. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U.S. Colombia.
of species.)
Salvin-Godman ColL
/, m. Ad. sk. Santa Marta (A. Boucard).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
7i. $ ad. sk. Santa Marta, Feb. 19 (F A.
A. Simons),
Salvin-Godman ColL
o. S ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela, June
(A. Goering).
Purchased.
p. $ imm. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. $ ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela (A.
Goering).
Sclater ColL
s-w. S ad.; x, Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil, Salvin-Godman Coll.
y, z. $ ad. sk. Feb., March, May, July,
Aug., Sept. (H. H. Smith).
r.
<$ ad. sk. Puerto Oabello (A. Goering).^
4. Momotus Batterer!.
Momotus nattereri, Scl P. Z. S. 1857, p. 251 (Yungas; Goyaz) ; id.
Cat Amer. B. p. 262 (1862; Bolivia); Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 19
(18G8); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 80, no. 935 (1869); Scl $ Salv.
Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 102 (1873); iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 032
(Yungas).
Momotus brasiliensis (nee Lath), Scl. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 581
(Para).
Prionites nattereri,Cab.$Heine,Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 113, note (1860).
Adult male. Similar to M. momota, but easily distinguished
by the absence of the chestnut patch on the hind neck; under
surface greenish with an ochraceous tinge: hinder crown purplish
blue, of a different tint from the forehead, which is silvery cobalt.
Total length 16 inches, culmen 1*55, wing 5-25, tail 5*3, tarsus 1*05.
Bah. Brazil to Upper Amazonia and Bolivia.
«, b. Imm. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (TF.\ A. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Forbes). ^
c. <$ ad. sk. Matto Grosso, Brazil, Nov. 1 {J. Salvin-Godman ColL
Natterer).
d. Ad. sk. Interior of Brazil (J. Natterer). Sclater ColL
Ohamicuros, Upper Amazons, Gould ColL
e. § imm. sk.
Nov. (F. Bartlett).
/, <$ ad. sk. Yquitos, Aug. 23 (H. Wliitely). Salvin-Godman ColL
g. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Eyton Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Bolivia.
Gould ColL
i. Ad. sk. Bolivia.
Sclater ColL
5. Momotus microstephanus. (Plate X. fig. 2.)
Momotus brasiliensis (nee Lath.), Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 135 (Bogota).
Momotus microstephanus, Scl P. Z. S. 1857, p. 251 (New Granada),
1860, p. 296 (Esmeraldas); id. Cat. Amer. B. p. 261 (1862) ;
Sehl Mus. Pays-Bas, Momotus, p. 3 (1863) ; Gray, Ean&d. B. i.
p. 80, no. 934 (1869); Scl ty Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotr. p. 102
(1873); Tacz.P.Z.S. 1877, p. 328 (Lechugal); Berl $ Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 571 (W. Ecuador); Tacz. $ Borl P. Z. S. 1885,
p. 197 (Yaguachi).
Prionites microstephanus,
Cab.fy Heine. Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 114
(1860).
4 . MOMOTTJS.
323
^ Adult male. Similar to i¥. momota, but with a more ruddy
tinge on the green, and the under surface of the body entirely
emnamomeous, with a green tinge on the throat; no chestnut patch
OIL the back of the neck; the black coronal patch reduced in size
and entirely surrounded by a band of silvery cobalt; the feathers of
the nape tipped with ultramarine, forming a narrow terminal band
on the nape.
There seem to be two races of this species, specimens from the
Santa Pita mountains having a broad band of silvery greenish
blue entirely encircling the black coronal patch. Eraser's Babahoyo
specimens also seem to belong to this race, and if they should
prove to be distinct, as I expect they will, they may be called
Moinotus argenticinctm* Total length 16-5 inches, culmen 1-65,
wing 5*2, tail 5*8, centre tail-feathers 9, tarsus 1*1.
Ilab. Colombia to "Western Ecuador,
a. AL microstephanus.
a. Ad. sk. [Nicaragua (SalU).] Sclater Coll.
b.
Ad. sk. U. S. Colombia. Sclater Coll. (Type
of species.)
c. Imm. sk. (Of Bogota make.) Gould Coll.
cL Ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (£. Sclater Coll.
Fraser).
b. 3L argenticinctus.
a, b. Ad. sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador (C.Buek- Salvin-Grodman Coll.
ley).
c}d. <$ 2 ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador, Aug. (Z. Salvin-Godmau Coll.
Fraser).
e. A.&. sk. Babahoyo (L. Fraser).
Sclater Coll.
6. Momotus aequatorialis. (Plate XI.)
? Moinotus grandis, Lafr. (ubi?).
Momotus asquatorialis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 223 (Archidona);
Scl. t. c. p. 250; id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 61 (Rio Napo); Gray,
Hand-l B. I p. 80, no. 933 (1869); 8cl $ Salv. Nomencl. Av.
Neotr. p. 102 (1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 534, 549 (Antioquia).
Prionites nattereri, pt.,
Cab. fy Heine, Mm. Hein. Th. ii. p. 113,
note (1859).
Adult male. Similar to M. lessoni but much larger, and distinguished
by the absence of the blue line below the fore part of the
cheeks, which is replaced by a narrow line of emerald-green : " iris
red " (T. K. Salmon). Total length 20 inches, culmen 1-9, wing
5*9, tail 7*5, long tail-feathers 11*3, tarsus 1*05.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length 20*5
inches, culmen 1*75, wing 5*9, tail 8*5, long tail-feathers 12*6,
tarsus 1*1.
Hob. Ecuador and Colombia.
a.
Ad. sk. Archidona, Quito, Ecuador. Gould Coll. (Type
of species.)
b. Ad. sk. San Jos6, Ecuador (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll,
Y2
324 MOMOTIDJE.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
Medellin, U.S. Colombia (J7 .
JC Salmon),
Retiro (7000 ft.), Antioquia
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould ColL
e. S ad.; /, g. $
ad. et imin. sk.
hf i. 6 ? ad. sk.
h, /, m. Ad. sk.
(T. K. Salmon).
Envigado (5000 ft.), Antioquia
(T. X. Salmon).
Emigado (T. K. Salmon),
Soledad, Magdalena Valley,
Colombia, bOOO feet (T. II.
Wheeler).
Salvin-Godman ColL
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman ColL
7. Momotus lessoui.
Momotus lessoni, Less. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 174; id. Descr. Mamm.
et Ois. p. 26(5 (1838) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 68 (1847) ,* JDes
Murs, Iconogr. Orn. pi. 62 (1848); Scl P. Z. S. 1856, p. 139
(Ohiriqui), p. 285 (Cordova); id. P.Z.S. 1857, p. 253 (Nicaragua)
; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 54 (Onioa); Scl. t. c. p. 887
(Oaxaca); id, 8? Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 131 (Guatemala) ,* Sato. Ibis,
1860, p. 100 (Buenas); Scl. Cat. Amer. B. p. 262 (1862; Guatemala,
Nicaragua) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Momotus, p. 4 (1863);
Scl. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 362 (Panama) ; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867,
p. 150 (Veragua); Gray, Hand~L B. i. p. 80, no. 937 (1869);
Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 201 (Veragua); Scl. <$r Salv. t. c. p. 387
(Honduras); Salv. Ihis, 1872, p. 321 (Nicaragua); Scl. $ Salv.
Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 102 (1873); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 48
(S. Jos<5); Kidting, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. v. p. 399 (lb82j ;
Ridgw. t. a. p. 501 ; Nutting, op. cit. vi. p. 387 (1883); Boucard,
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 453 (Yucatan); Ridgw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. x.
p. 582 (1887 ; Honduras).
Pnonites momotus (nee L.), Bp. P. Z. S. 1847, p. 114.
Prionites psalurus, Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 659 (1854); id. Notes ColL
Delatt. p. 88; id. Consp. Volucr. Anis. p. 8 (1854).
Pnonites lessoni, Bp. Consp. i. p. 165 (1850)• Cab. $ JSein. Mus.
Hein. Tk. ii. p. 113 (1860).
Adult male. Above olivaceous green, the wings more grass-green;
the primary-coverts and outer aspect of the quills bluish green;
tail-feathers green, becoming blue towards the ends, which have a
black terminal band; on the centre of the crown a black patch,
surrounded by a cincture of silvery blue, which inclines to torqnoiseblue
behind the nape, and shows a slight purplish shade at the end
of a few of the feathers; base of forehead, lores, sides of face, and
ear-coverts, as well as a broad eyebrow extending round the back
of the nape, black; sides of neck olive-greenish, reaching to the
posterior margin of the eye, and separated from the black of the
ear-coverts by a streak of silvery torquoise-blue ; below the black
cheeks another narrow line of torquoise-blae, separating the fore
part of the cheeks from the throat; on the fore neck a tuft of black
feathers edged with greenish blue; under surface of body olive-
brown, inclining to green on the abdomen, thighs, and under tail-
coverts, and to emerald-green on the throat; under wing-coverts like
the breast. Total length 15*3 inches, culmen 1*65, wing 5*35,
tail 6-2, long tail-feathers 8-6, tarsus 1*1.
Adult female. Not differing from the male in colour. Total
length 15*8 inches, culmen 1*65, wing 5*5, tail 6*3, tarsus 1.
Bab. Central America, from Mexico to Veragua.
4. MOMOTUS.
325
a.
Ad. sk.
b.
$ ad. sk.
c. d. tf
ad.; e. $
ad. sk.
/.
6 ad. sk.
g, h. J ad. sk.
i-m. Ad. sk.
w, o. d* ad. j p. 5
ad. sk.
q-s. Ad. sk.
^
M. Ad. sk.
v.
Ad. sk.
toj x. Ad. sk.
y.
Ad. sk.
z-c'. ? ad. sk.
d'. $ ad. bk.
e'. Juv. st.
/'. Ad. sk.
g\ h'. Ad. sk.
i'. Ad. sk.
m'} n'. (S ad. sk.
o\p'. Ad. sk.
g'. Ad, sk.
r'. $ ad. sk.
s'. Ad. sk.
25'. Ad. sk.
u'. cS ad. sk.
vl~iJ. Ad. sk.
yf; a'. Ad. sk.
a". S &cL sk
&'', c". (51 ad. sk.
d". Ad. sk.
e". Ad. sk.
f"-h". cJ; i". 2
ad. sk.
A". Ad. sk.
I". Ad.sk.
m". Ad. sk.
»". Ad, sk.
Mexico.
Orizaba, Mexico.
Ouichapa, Canton de Cordova,
March (F. Ferrari-Perez).
Vera Cruz, Feb. ( W. B. Michardson).
Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz, Dec.
(M. Trujitto).
Teapa, Feb., Marcb (Mrs. H.
II. Smith).
Chimalapa, Tehuantepec, March
(IV. B. Richardson).
Northern Yucatan, Jan. (G. F.
Gaumer <§• JE. C. I. Levis).
Temax, Yucatan (G. F. Gaumer).
Buctzotz, Yucatan, April (G.
F. Gaumer).
Peto7 Yucatan, April (G. F.
Gaumer).
Belize,
British. Honduras (F.
Blancaneaux),
Cayo, W. District, British Honduras,
May, June (F. Blancaneaux).
San Felipe, W. District, British
Honduras, May (F. B.).
Guatemala.
Guatemala.
Guatemala.
Guatemala.
Pie cle la Cuesta, San Marcos,
Guatemala, Feb., June (W.
B. Hichardson).
Retalhuleu, July ( W. B. Richardson),
Petalhuleu (O. £'.).
Savana Grande (O. #.).
Alotenango (0. &).
Duenas (O. S.).
Lanquin, Vera Paz (0. &).
Vera Paz (0. &).
Choctum, Jan. (0. S.).
Chisec (O. &)•
Toleman, Guatemala, Dec.
(W. B. Richardson).
S. Miguel, S. Salvador,
March,
April (W. B.R.).
San Pedro, Honduras (G. M.
Whitely).
Chontales, Nicarugua (F. Belt).
Chinandega, Nicaragua, April,
May ( W. B. Richardson).
Dota, "Costa Rica, July 28 (J.
Carmiol).
Volcan de Chiri^ui (E. Arcf).
Bugaba, Chiriqui (E. Arc4).
Chitra, Veragua (E. Arce).
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman ColL
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman ColL
Salvin-Godman ColL
Salvin-Godman ColL
Salvin-Godman ColL
Salvin-Godman ColL
326
MOMOTIDJE.
o". Imm. sk. Cordilleia de Tele, Panama (E. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Arce).
p", q". Ad. sk. Yeiagua (E. Arce), Sclater Coll.
r". Ad.sk. Galen evora, Panama (E.Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Intermediate specimens between M. lessoiii and M. cseruleieeps.
a, b. cJ S CuicLapa, Cordova, Mexico, March Salvin-Godrnan Coll.
ad. &k. (F. Ferrari-Perez)*
c.
5 mini.; Atojac, Yeia Ciuz, May (Mrs. M. Salvin-Gcdrnan Coll.
d,e. Ad. sk. M. Smith).
f. Ad. sk. Vera Ciuz ( TV. B. Richardson). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad. fck. Pkya Yicente, Yeia Cruz, Dec. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(M. Trujillo).
h. Ad.sk. Playa Yicente, Dec. (A, Boucard). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8. Momotus swainsoni,
Prionites bahamensis, Swains. An.inMenag. p. 332 ^c. 1837); Jard.
$ Selby, III. Orn. iv. pi. 45 j Bp. Consp. i. p. 1(55 (1850); Cab. $
Mem. Mus. Rein. Th. ii. p. 113 (1860); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bast
Momotus, p. 3 (1863).
Momotus baliamenbis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 68 (1847); Scl. P. Z. S.
1857, p. 252 (Tobago) ; Gray, Mandrl. B. i. p. 79, no. 932 (1869).
Mcmotus swainboni (nom. emend.), Scl. Cat. Amer. B. p. 265 (1862) ;
id. # Salv. Nome7icl. Av. Neotr. p. 102 (1873).
Prionites swainsoni, Finseh, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 558 (Trinidad).
Adult, General colour above grass-green, with a slight bluish
sbade : wing-coverts like the back; bastard-wing black shaded
with blue; primary-coverts blue; quills blackish, externally blue,
the secondaries green like the back; tail-feathers green, inclining
to blue towards tbe ends, which are blackish * shafts of tail-feathers
black, the two centre feathers with blue rackets, slightly shaded
with green internally and black at the ends; centre of crown black,
with a silvery-blue cincture on the forehead, extending in a broad
band above the eye, where it gradually merges into purplish blue
round the hinder crown, but between the purple and the black
coronal patch is a distinct shade of the same silvery blue as the
forehead; some of the purple feathers of the nuchal cincture tipped
with black; nasal plumes, lores, bides of face, and ear-coverts
black, produced into a narrow pointed tuft, above the hinder upper
margin of which is a narrow silvery-blue line, and on the lower
margin is a line of purplish blue, spangled with a little silvery
cobalt; sides of neck and sides of upper breast greenish like the
back ; cheeks and under surface of body cinnamon-rufous, with a
tuft of feathers on the fore neck black, margined with greenish
cobalt; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and quill-lining pale cinnamon-
rufous. Total length 14*5 inches, culmen 1*6, wing 5*1,
tail 5*6, centre tail-feathers 8, tarsus 1.
Bob. Islands of Trinidad and Tobago.
a. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Major Finch [P.].
/;. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Gould Coll.
c. Ad. hk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.
d. e. <$ $ ad. sk. Tobago. Sclater Coll.
4 . MOMOTTTS.
327
9. Momotus cseruleiceps.
Prionites cseruleiceps, Gould, P. Z. S. 1836, p. 18; Bp, Consp. i.
p. 165; Cab. % Heine, Mus. Rein. Th. ii. p. 113 (1860).
Prionites cajruleocepkalus, Jard. fy Selby, III. Orn. iv. pi. 42
(c. 1839).
Momotus cseruleiceps, Gray, Gen. B. L p. 68 (1847); id. Cat Fissir.
Brit. Mus. p. 30 (1848); ScL P.Z.S. 1857, p. 253 (Vera Cruz),
1859, p. 367 (Jalapa); Sehl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Momotus, p. 4
(1863); Scl. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 176 (City of'Mexico); id. Cat Amer.
B. p. 262 (1862); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 80, no. 936 (1869) ; 8oL
8f Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 102 (]873) ; Ridgw. Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus. iii. p. 190 (1880); Ferrari-Perez, op. eit. ix. p. 160
(1886).
Momotus subhuta, Less. Descr. Mamm. et Ois. p. 265 (1838).
Adult male. General colour above warm olive greenish, rather
more green on the rump, upper tail-coverts, and wings, the outer
aspect of the quills greenish blue ; tail-feathers green, becoming
blue towards the ends, which are blackish at the tips; crown of
head greenish blue, with a cincture of slightly brighter blue on the
crown, followed by a narrow line of black, not complete on the
nape; base of forehead and lores black, separated from the blue of
the forehead by a band of yellowish olive anteriorly shaded with
blue ; sides of face and ear-coverts black, with a posterior narrow line
of silvery blue along the hinder margin of the latter, separating the
ear-coverts from the hind neck; along the upper edge of the fore
part of the cheeks a line of greenish blue, separating them from the
ear-coverts ; cheeks and under surface of body green, with an olivaceous
shade over the fore neck and chest, as well as the sides of
the neck; on the fore neck an elongated tuft of black feathers,
edged with green near the base; under wing-coverts ochreous buff,
the edge of the wing green. Total length 15*5 inches, culmen 1-55,
wing 5*6, tail 6, long tail-feathers 8*5, tarsus-1-1.
Hab. Eastern Mexico.
a. Ad. sk. Mexico. Gould Coll
(? Type of species.)
b. Ad. sk. Mexico.
Sclater Coll.
c. d. d
2 ad.sk. Villa Grande, Nuevo Leon, Sal vin-Godinan Coll.
Mexico, May 23 (F. B.
Armstrong),
e. $ ad.sk. Hacienda de la Cruz, N.Leon, Salvin-Godinan Coll.
June 4 (F. B. A.)
f-i. $ ad. sk. Rio Oamarcho, N. Leon, June Salvm-Godman Coll.
(F. B. A.),
k, I. $
ad.; m. $ Sierra Madre, above Ciudad Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Apr.
(W. B. Richardson).
n. $ ad. sk. Xicotencal, Tamaulipas, May Salvin-Godman Coll.
(W. B. P.).
o-q. (S ad.j r-t. $ Tampico, Feb. (W. B. P.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk.
u. (S juv. sk. Tampico, June (W. B. P.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
328 MOXOTIDJE.
v, w. S 2 ad. sk. Valles, San Luis Potosi; Salvin-Godman ColL
Mav(JF. B.R.).
x. <$ ad. sk. Misantla, March (F. D. G.). Salvin-Godman ColL
y, z. S ad. sk. Colipa; March (F. D. G.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
a'. <$ ad. sk. Cuesta de Misantla, June Salvin-Godman Coll.
(M. Tmjillo).
h'. $ ad. sk. Plan del Rio, Jalapa, July Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Ferrari-Perez).
c'. Ad. sk. Jalapa (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d'. 2 a^« sk- Cuichapa, Cordova, March Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Ferrari-Perez).
10. Momotus mexicanns.
Moinotus niexieanus, Swains. Phil. Mag. i. p. 442 (1827); Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 68 (1847); id. Cat. Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 40 (1848);
ScL P. Z. S. 1857, p. 253,1859, p. 387,1860, p. 252 (Orizaba); id.
Cat. Amer. B. p. 262 (1862); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Momotus, p. 6
(1863); Sumickr. Mem. Post. Soc. Nat. Hist. i. p. 560 (1869);
Gray, lland-L B. i. p. 80, no. 938 (1869); ScL £ Salt). Nomencl
Av. Keotr. p. 102 (1873); Lawr. Mem. Post. Soc. K. H. ii. p. 289
(1874); Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 426 (Acapulco); Ferrari-Perez,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. ix. p. 160 (1886).
Momotus raartii (nee Spur), Jard. §• Selby, 111. Orn. L pi. 23.
Prionites martii (nee Spix)^ Swains. ZooL III. (2) ii. pi. 81 (1831-32).
Prionites niexieanus, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 338 (1837); Bp.
Consp. i. p. 165 (1850).
Crybelus niexieanus, Cab. §• Heine, Mus, Ileirb. Th. ii. p. 112 (1859).
Adult male. General colour above light grass-green; wings like
the back, but the primaries washed externally with blue; tail-
feathers greenish blue, the two centre ones tipped with black;
crown of head and neck cinnamon, shading off into oehraeeous on
the mantle; lores, feathers round the eye, and a longitudinal tuft
along the ear-coverts black, with a narrow streak of blue above the
hind margin of the black band, and another patch of blue below
the anterior portion of it; remainder of the cheeks and under
surface of body light emerald-green, with a tuft of black feathers
on the fore neck, edged with blue ; lower flanks, under wing- and
tail-coverts pale sandy buff, the edge of the wing green. Total
length 11*5 inches, culmen 1*5, wing 4-3, tail 4*3, centre tail-feathers
5S, tarsus 1*05.
Adult female. Similar to the male in colour. Total length
12 inches, culmen 1*5, wing 4*5, tail 5, centre tail-feathers 6*4,
tarsus 0*95.
Hal. Mexico.
a. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. $ ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (I. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Grayson).
d. e. cf 2 ad. sk. Presidio de Mazatlan, Dec, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Feb (A. Forrer).
ff ffi k* 6 afb 5 *• ? Bolanos, Jalisco, Feb. (W. Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. B. Richardson).
4 . MOMOTUS.
329
k, I. tf ad. sk.
Santiago, Terr, of Tepic, May Salvin-Godman Coll.
(W. B. Richardson).
m~o. <$ ad.; p. § San Bias, Terr, of Tepic, Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk.
April, May ( W-B. Richardson).
q. J ad. sk.
Plains of Colima, Jan. (IF. Salvin-Godman Coll.
B. Richardson).
r.
<$ ad. sk. Colima, June (TV. Lloyd). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Beltran, Jalisco, April 27 Salvin-Godman Coll.
(IF. Lloyd).
£. (5* ad.; u, v. § Tonila, Jalisco, June (IF. Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. Lloyd).
w.
$ ad. sk. Chietla, Canton de Chiantla, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Dec. 1 (Ferrari-Perez).
x, y. Ad. et imm. Near the City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.
z. <$ ad. sk. Bio Grande, Oaxaca(A&Me). Gould Coll.
a'. S ad.; b'-d'. Sola, Oaxaca, April (M. Salvin-Godman Coll.
2 ad.sk. Trujillo).
e'.
c? ad. sk. Amula (6000 ft.), State of Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guerrero, Aug. (J). W.
Smith).
/' . Ad. sk. Kincon (2800 ft.), State of Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guerrero, Oct. (D. IF.
Smith).
, A'. Ad. sk. Chilpancingo (4600 ft.), GuerSalvin-
Godman Coll. ff'i rero, Aug. (D. IF. Smith).
i'. Ad. sk. Acapulco, March (A. H. Salvin-Godman Coll,
Markham).
c? 2 adsk, Tehuantepec, Feb. (IF. B. Salvin-Godman Coll.
*'. ,r.-
Richardsoyi).
m'. $ ad.; ri, o\ Tonala, Chiapas, Feb. (F. Salvin-Godman Coll.
$ ad. sk. Sumichrast).
11. Momotus castaneiceps.
Momotus castaneiceps, Gould, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 154 (Guatemala):
Set. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 254 ; Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 354 (Guatemala) •
Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 80, no. 940 (1809^; Scl. $ Salv. Nommcl
Av. Neotr. p. 102 (1873).
Crybelus
castaneiceps, Cab. $• Hein. Mus. Hein. Th. ii. p. 112, note
(1859).
Adult, General colour above grass-green, the wing-coverts like
the back ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blue, the latter
dusky on the inner web; inner secondaries washed with green like
the back ; upper tail-coverts and tail blue, the feathers black along
their inner webs and having black shafts, the centre ones with a blue
racket, the terminal half of which is black; crown of head chestnut,
the mantle with a shade of cinnamon or orange-chestnut, which
occupies also the hind neck and sides of neck; lores, feathers over
the eye, and sides of face black, produced backwards into an elongated
tuft, which has an upper border of purplish cobalt; cheeks
and under surface of body emerald-green, inclining to verditer,
becoming paler on the abdomen, which is white with a fulvous
330 MOMOTIDJS.
tinge; thighs green ; under tail-coverts buff; under wing-coverts
and quill-lining pale tawny buff. Total length 14*7 inches, culmen
1-65, wing 5*1, tail om5, centre tail-feathers 7*5, tarsus 1*15.
Hab. Guatemala.
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
Guatemala.
Guatemala.
Hio Motagua,
(0. 8.).
Guatemala
Gould Coll.
(Type of species.)
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
5. BARYPHTHEKGUS. _
Type.
Barvphonus, pt., YieilL N Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxi.
p.' 314 (1818).
Baryphthengus, Cab. § Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. ii.
pi 114 (I860) B. ruficapillus.
Range, Confined to Brazil,
1. Baryphthengus ruficapillus *.
Tutu, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 243 (1802); Hartl. Lid. Azara, p. 4 (1847).
Baryphonus ruficapillus, Vieill. Gal. Ois. ii. p. 319, pi. 190 (1825).
Le Motmot Oranroux, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Pro?ner. iii. Suppl. p. 41,
pi. B (1800).
Prionites ruficapillus, Licht. Verz. Dotibl. p. 21 (1823); Neutcied,
Beitr. Naturg. Bras. iii. p. 1257 (1831); Bp. Consp. I. p. 105
(1850); Tschudi, Faun. Peruan. p. 251 (1855).
Prionites tutu, Banz. JElem. Zool. iii. p. 157 (1822).
Prionites rubricapillus, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 84 (1826).
Momotus levaillanti, Less. JDescr. Mamm. et Ois. p. 265 (1838).
Prionites levaillanti, Bp. Consp, i. p. 165 (1850).
Momotus ey&noga&ter, Sol. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 255 (Paraguay); Gray,
Hand'l. B. i. p. 80, no. 941 (1809).
Barvphthengus ruficapillus, Cab. fy Seine, Mus. Hem. Th. ii. p. 114
(I860); Sol. Cat. Amer. B. p.~2i>2 (1862) j ScL $ Sah. Nomencl
Av. Neotr. p. 102 (1873).
Momotus ruficapillus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 08 (1844); Schl. Mus.
Pays-Bas, Momotus, p. 5 (1863); Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p, 80, no. 943
(1869).
? Momotus melancholicus, Gray, Hand-L B. i. p. 80, no. 942 (1869).
Adult, General colour above grass-green, inclining to olive on
the mantle and back; wings green, the primary-coverts and
primaries externally blue; tail-feathers green, inclining to blue at
their ends; crown of head and nape bright cinnamon-rufous, a
slight shade of which colour spreads on to the hind neck; lores,
* The following species has been referred by many authors to B. ruficapillus,
but it seems to me impossible to identify it with certainty:—
Le Motmot dombe\ Levaill. Ois. Parad. etBolliers, L p. 113, pi. 39 (1806) ;
Sol. P. Z. S.1857, p. 258.
Baryphonus ruficapillus, Vieill. N. Diet. dHist. Nat xxi. p. 315 (1818).
Prionites dombeyanus, Banz. Elem. Zool. iii. pt. 3, p. 158.
Momotus dombeyi, Less, Man. $ Orn. ii. p. 103 (1828).
Prionites dombeyi, Swains. Classif. B. ii. p. 338 (1837).
6. ASPATHA.
331
feathers over the eye, side of face, and ear-coverts black, with a
slight tinge of greenish blue behind the eye and below the ear-
coverts ; cheeks, throat, and upper breast olive, with a tuft of elongated
black feathers, edged with green; lower breast cinnamon-
rufous, forming a broad band; abdomen green, bluish in the
centre and on the under tail-coverts ; under wing-coverts light
green: " bill black; feet pale greyish brown; iris dark reddish
brown " (Neuwied). Total length 17*4 inches, culmen 1*8, wing
5*75, tail 9-2, tarsus 1-2.
Hob. Brazil.
a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk. Para. Gould Coll.
d. (S ad. &k.
e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
Lagos dos Patos, Eio Grande
do Sul, Brazil (If. Rogers).
Bahia (Dr. Luschnath).
South Biazil.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
6. ASPATHA, g. n.
Range. Confined to Guatemala.
1. Aspatha gularis.
Prionites gularis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 130.
Momotus gularis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 68 (1847); 8chl. Mus. Rays-
Bas, Momotus, p. 7 (1863) • Gray, Ha?id4. B. i. p. 81, no. 848
(1869).
Hylomanes gularis, Scl. P. Z. S.1857, p. 256; id. fy 8alv. Ibis, 1859,
p. 131; iid. Nomencl Av. Neotr. p. 102 (1873).
Adult male. General colour above grass-green, a little more olivaceous
on the head and neck; wings like the back, the quills dusky,
externally grass-green, the primaries a little bluish; tail-feathers
green, inclining to blue at the ends, with blackish shafts: lores,
feathers around and below the eye orange-buff; ear-coverts marked
by a broad band of black• cheeks and sides of neck light green, the
fore part of the cheeks with an orange tinge; throat light cobalfcbluo,
with a longitudinal tuft of black feathers on the fore neck;
breast olivaceous yellow, shading off into green on the sides of the
body, and into light blue on the abdomen; thighs greenish; under
tail-coverts ochreous buff, as also the under wing-coverts and quill-
lining. Total length 10-8 inches, culmen 1-3, wing 4, tail 5*4,
tarsus 1.
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 10*5 inches,
culmen 1*2, wing 3*9, tail 5*3, tarsus 0*9.
Hab. Guatemala.
a-d. £
ad. sk. Santa Maria, near Quezaltenango, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guatemala, Aug. (W. B.
Richardson).
e. <$ ad. sk. Barranco-Hondo, Guatemala, Sclater Coll.
Oct. 29 (O. 8.).
f. Ad sk. Duenas (0.8). Sclater Coll.
%g-k. Ad. sk. Volcan de Fuego, Nov. (0. 8,). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Ad. &k, Guatemala. Gould Coll.
332
MOMOTIJD^.
7. HYL0MA1TES.
Type.
Hylomanes, Licht. Ahhandl. Ahad. Wissensck. BeroL
1838, p. 449, pi. 4 , H. raomotula.
Range. Central America, from Mexico to Guatemala.
1. Hylomanes momotula.
Hylomanes moraotula, Licht, Ahhandl, Akad. Wissensck. BeroL 1838,
p. 449, pi. 4; Bp. Consp. I p. 164 (1850); Scl. P. Z. S. 1857,
p. 25(5 (Jalapa); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 54 (Omoa); Scl. $ Sab.
Ibis, 1860, p. 400 (Guatemala); Scl Cat Amer. B. p. 263 (1862) ;
id. fy Salv. Nomencl. Av. Xeoir. p. 102 (1873).
Moniotus inomotula,
Gray $• Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 68, pi. 24 (1847) ;
Gray, List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 40 (1848); Sc/il Mus. Pays-Bas,
Momotus, p. 7 (1863); Gray, Kand-l. B. i. p. 81, no. 947 (1869).
Adult male. General colour above deep grass-green; wings like
the back, the primaries externally washed -with ochreous buff; tail
green, brownish towards the ends; hinder crown and neck pale
cinnamon, the forehead washed with green ; over the eye a streak
of bright blue; lores and feathers behind the eye ochreous buff;
eyelid and ear-coverts black; cheeks dull green, separated from the
black ear-coverts by a whitish line; throat creamy white, slightly
washed with olive in the centre; lower throat, fore neck, and chest
olive, washed with brighter green, the breast washed with bluish
green; abdomen and under tail-coverts creamy white; flanks
ochreous buff, washed with green ; under wing-coverts and axillaries
tawny buff; quills dusky below, chestnut along the inner web.
Total length 6-5 inches, culmen 1*05, wing 2'8, tail 2*55, tarsus
0*75.
Eab. The same as that of the genus.
a. Ad. sk. Mexico.
Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz, Salvin-Godrnan Coll.
Dec. (M. Trujilh). .
c. d. Ad. sk. Cayo, Western District, Salvin-Godman Cell.
British Honduras, Oct.,
Jan. (Blancaneaux).
e-g. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Gould Coll.
k, i. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Guatemala (Van Patfen), Sclater Coil.
l} m,n. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (0. S.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, p. Ad. sk. Sources of the Rio de la Salvin-Godman Coll.
Pasion, Vera Paz, Feb.
(O. S.).
q. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (0. &). Tweeddale Coll.
r.
(S ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above S. Sclater Coil.
Diego, Nov. 4(0. S.).
s.
(S ad. sk. Volcan de Fuego, La Trini- Salvin-Godman Coll.
dad, Oct. 28 (0. S.).
t. Ad. sk, Savana Grande, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.
(0. S.).
TODIDiE.
333
Family TODID^E.
(By B. B. SHABPE.)
Palate desmognathous: basipterygoid processes absent.
Sternum with four notches on the posterior margin, open, and
not converted into foramina as in the Momoti.
Caeca large.
Ambiens muscle absent.
No carotid arteries present.
"Spinal feather-tract well defined on neck, and not forked on the
back.
Oil-gland with well-developed tufts.
Bill long, flattened, but not serrated.
Tail-feathers 12.
Feet anisodaetyle.
Nest none, a hole being tunnelled by the birds themselves.
Eggs four, white.
Range. Confined to the Greater Antilles.
1.
T0DUS.
Type.
Todus, Linn. Syst Nat i. p. 178 (17G6) T. viridis.
Cf. Murie, Ibis, 1872, pp. 644-680; Sharpe, Ibis, 1874, pp. 349-355;
Cory, B. West Indies, pp. 164-167.
Range. Confined to the Greater Antilles.
Key to the Species.
a. With a tuft of pink on the flanks.
a'. Chest uniform, not ocellated with oval
spots of white,
a". Moustache ending in an ashy-grey
spot.
a"\ Breast white, tinged with green;
flanks green, with a tuft of pink . . vi?*idis, p. 334.
b"\ Breast pure white: flanks entirely
pink, with no green subulatus [? $ ], p. 334.
b'\ Moustache ending in a bright verditer
spot; breast white, very slightly
tinged with pink here and there ... . multicolor, p. 335.
b'. Chest pinkish, ocellated with distinct oval
spots of white.
c". Above bluish green; moustache and
edge of wing light pink pulcherrimus, p. 336.
d". Above bright grass-green ; moustache
and edge of wing whitish subulatus [? ^ ], p. 334.
b. Flanks yellow, with no pink tuft; chest ashy
grey hypochondriacus,^. 336.
%.
334
TODIDiE.
1. Todus viridis.
Todus viridis,
Linn. 8. N. i. p. 178 (1766) ; Less. TraHS, p. 250
(1831) ; Swains. Zool. Illustr. 2nd ser. pi. 66 (1833); id. Monogr.
Flyc. p. 173, vig-n. (1837); Less. Ann. Scl Nat. ix. p. 166 (1838);
Gray, List Gen. 1840, p. 9,1841, p. 12; Gosse, B. Jamaica, p. 72,
pi. 14 (1847); Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 332; Benny, P. Z. S.1847,
p. 38; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 63 (1847); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus.
p. 861 (1848); Bp. Cbnsp. I p. 182 (1850); Sel. P. Z. S. 1861,
p. 77; id. Cat. Amer. B. p. 263 (1862); Albrechi, J. f. 0. 1862,
p. 199; Gray, Uand-l B. i. p. 79, no. 925 (1869): Mnrie, Ibis,
1872, p. 390; Sundev. Av. Meth. Tent. p. 61 (1872); Scl <$• 8ah\
Nomencl Av. Neotr. p. 103 (1873); Sharpe, Ibis, 1874, p. 349;
A. $ B. Newt. Kandb. Jamaica, p. 109 (1881); Cory, List B. W.
Ind. p. 19 (1885); id. B. W. Indies, p. 164 (1889).
Adult. Entire upper surface bright grass-green, more vivid on the
forehead, eyebrow, and sides of the face; quills blackish, margined
with the same green as the back; tail greenish, duller than the
back, but rather brighter on the margins of the quills ; chin and a
narrow moustachial streak white; throat crimson, inclining to
greyish on the sides of the lower part; below the throat a small
whitish space; rest of under surface whitish, washed with yellow,
especially on the abdomen, flanks, and under tail-coverts; sides of
breast green: on the lower flanks a tuft of pink feathers ; under
wing-coverts yellowish, inclining to white on the margin of the
wing: " bill above horny red, below pale crimson ; legs and feet
reddish brown, sometimes flesh-coloured or purplish horn ; iris very
pale grey" (Gosse). Total length 3*7 inches, oilmen 0*75, wing
1*85, tail 1*5, tarsus 0-55.
Female. "Sexes exactly alike" (Gosse).
Hab. Jamaica.
a, b. Ad. sk. Jamaica. J. Gould, Esq.
c, d. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Baron Lausrier.
e. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Capt. Hamilton [P.].
f-i. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Sclater Coll.
k, I Ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica, Feb. Dr. H. Bryant [P.-1.
m-p. Ad.sk. Moneague, Aug. (O. 8.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. Ad.sk. Metcalfe Parish, Jamaica, Salvin-Godman Coll.
IShj28 (G.N.Allen).
2. Todus subulate.
Todier de S. Domingue, Daubent. PI. Bnl. viii. pi. 585. figs. 1, 2.
Todus viridis (nee L.), Yieill. N. Diet, xxxiv. p. 184, pi. 29. fig. 4
(1819) ; Bonn, et Vieill Enc. MSth. i. p. 269 (1823).
Todus subulatus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 63, pi. 22 (1847); Bp. Consp.
i. p. 182 (1850); Gray, HandJ. B. i. p. 79, no. 929 (I860) ;
Sharps, Ibis, 1874, p. 351, pi. xiii. figs. 1, 2 ; Tristr. Ibis, 1884,
p. 168 ; Cory, B. Haiti $ 8. Domingo, p. 105 (1885); id. List B.
W. Indies, p. 19 ('885); id. B. W. 'indies, p. 165 (1889).
Todus dominicensis, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1847, p. 331; SalU, P. Z. S.
1857, p. 233; Cab. $ Hein. Mm. Hein. Th. ii. p. 49 (1800) ;
1. TODUS.
335
Bryant, Froe. Bost. Soc. N. H xi. p. 91 (1866); Scl. fy Salv.
Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 103 (1873); Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club,
vi. p. 154 (1881).
Todus angustirostris, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1851, p. 478 j Gray, Hand-L
B. i. p, 79, no. 923 (1869).
Adult male. Above deep grass-green, brighter on the head and
sides of face ; quills brownish black, margined with the same green
as the back, rather brighter on the secondaries ; tail green, rather
duller than the back ; chin and a rooustachial streak whitish, the
latter shading off into ashy grey ; throat pale carmine, the feathers
bordered with silvery white; rest of under surface white, tinged
with light yellow, very bright on the under tail-coverts ; the breast
white, with a narrow pink edging, causing an ocellated appearance;
flanks and sides of body beautiful pink ; thigh-feathers yellowish ;
under wing-coverts light yellow, inclining to white on the outer
margins. Total length 4*4 inches, culmen 0*8, wing 1*95, tail 1*65,
tarsus 0-55.
The female apparently differs in the colouring of the under
surface, which is white, tinged with yellow on the centre of the
abdomen and under tail-coverts. The throat is pale carmine-pink,
very thickly clouded with white margins to the feathers, and the
pink on the flanks is not nearly so much developed as in the male.
Young. Some young birds examined by Dr. Bryant {I, c.) appeared
to want the brilliant colours of the adult.
Hah. Haiti and San Domingo.
a, b, c. Ad. sk. S. Domingo.
Purchased.
d. Ad. sk. S. Domingo.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. S. Domingo (SalU). Sclater Coll.
/, g, h. S a&-e^ Puerto Plato, S. Domingo, Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm.; i, h. $ Nov., Dec, Feb., May (C.
ad. sk. B. Cory).
I, m. Ad. sk. Haiti.
Baron Maltzan [C.].
3. Todus multicolor.
Todus multicolor, Gould, loon. Av. pi. ii. (1837); I)1 Orb. in Ramon
de la Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois. p. 132, pi. 22 (1839); Gray,
List Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 36 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 182 (1850);
Gundl.J.f. 0.1856, p. 101, 1859, p. 347, 1861, pp. 334, 414,
1862, p. 189; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 79, no. 927 (1869); Gundl.
J.f. 0. 1871, p. 288; Scl. $ Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 103
(1873); Sharpe, Ibis, 1874, p. 352; Cory, List B. W. Ind. p. 19
(1885); id. B. W. Indies, p. 167 (1889).
Todus portoricensis,
Less. Ann. Sci. Nat. xi. p. 167 (1838); Lafr.
Bev. Zool. 1847, p. 332 ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 63 (1847) ; Lembeye,
Av. Cuba, p. 131 (1850); Brewer, Froc. Bost. Soc. N. H. vii.
p. 307 (1860).
Adult. Above grass-green, the forehead and lores yellowish, the
eyebrow and sides of face brighter green than the back; quills
dusky brown, margined with the same green as the back, rather
brighter on the secondaries ; the outer wing-coverts with a slight
336 TOM D 33.
tinge of blue; tail dull green; a broad moustache pure white,
shading off into verditer-hlue and forming a distinct spot; throat
carmine, with very slight margins of silvery white to some of the
feathers; rest of under surface white ; margins of some of the
breast-feathers slightly washed with pink: the flanks pink; sides
of upper breast greyish; under tail- and wing-coverts yellowish,
the outermost of the latter white, those on the bend of the wing
slightly washed with blue: bill and feet coral-red, the upper
mandible brown; iris greyish blue; upper eyelid orange. Total
length 3*6 inches, culmen 0-75, wing 1*7, tail 1*3, tarsus 0-55,
Hah. Cuba.
a. Ad. sk.
b, c. Ad. sk.
Cuba.
Cuba.
Baron Laugier.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Cuba. Sclater Coll.
e, f. Ad. sk. San Cristoval, Cuba (G. Salvin-Godman Coll.
F. Gaumer).
4. Todus pulcherrimus.
Todus pulcherrimus, Sharpe, Ibis, 1874, p. 353, pi. 13. fig. 3; Cory,
List B. W. Ind. p. 19 (1885); id. B. West Ind. p. 166 (1889). *
Adult Above bluish green, rather tinged with olive on the lower
back, the wing-coverts showing a very strongly pronounced blue
shade ; quills blackish, bordered narrowly with light green, shading
off into bluish towards the tips of the secondaries; tail dull
greenish, with narrow margins of bluish green; forehead lighter
and rather more olive-green than the back, and tinged with orange
near the base of the beak ; lores tinged with orange ; sides of face
yellowish green; sides of neck dull rufous; chin white; throat
bright carmine, with silvery-white margins to most of the feathers;
rest of under surface with a light crimson blush, varied on the
breast with white oval spots to the feathers, producing an ocellated
appearance, the crimson colour brightest on the flanks, shading of!
into oehraceous buff on the sides of the vent; on each side of the
upper breast a patch of greenish; under wing-coverts oehraceous
buff, the outermost smaller coverts washed with pale carmine:
upper mandible blackish, lower one yellowish ; feet black. Total
length 3*5 inches, culmen 0-85, wing 1*9, tail 1*4, tarsus 0-65.
Hah. [Jamaica.]
a. Ad. sk, [Jamaica.] Purchased. (Type
of species.)
5. Todus hypoclioii&riacus.
Todus viridis (nee L.), Desm. Hist. Nat Tang. etc. pi. 67 (1805);
Weill Gal Ois. i. pi. 124 (1825;.
Todus mexicanus, Less. Ann. Set. Nat Zool. ix. p. 167 (1838); Lafr.
Bev. Zool 1847, p. 333; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 63 (1847); id. List
Fissir. Brit Mm. p. 36 (1848); Bp.Consp. i. p. 182 (1850); Baird,
Ibis, 1867, p. 260; Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 79, no. 926 (1889).
1 . TODTJS. 337
Todus hypochondriacus, Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soe. N. II. xi. p. 39
(1866) ; Sundev. (Efv. K Vet-Akacl Handl Stochh. iv. p. 598
(1869); Scl 8f Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotr. p. 103 (1873) ; Sharpe,
Ibis, 1874, p. 354 ; Gundl. Andes Soo, JEsp. Hist. Nat vii. p. !219
(1878) ; Cory, List B. W. 2nd. p. 19 (1885); id. B. West Indies,
p. 166 (1889).
Adult. Above grass-green, brighter on sides of face and over the
eye; forehead and lores tinged with yellow; quills blackish,
margined with the green of the back, the secondaries almost entirely
of the latter colour ; tail green, rather duller than the back; chin
white; throat very brilliant crimson, with slight silvery-white
margins; below the throat a small line of white; moustachial
streak white, shading off into ashy grey on the sides of the neck,
which, like the chest, are entirely ashy grey; rest of under surface
yellow, whitish in centre of breast; flanks and under tail-coverts
entirely yellow ; sides of upper breast greenish; under wing-
coverts yellowish white, the outermost entirely white, with a small
dusky patch near outer margin. Total length 3*7 inches, culmen
0*9, wing 1-85, tail 1*3, tarsus 0*55.
Hab. Porto Eico.
a. Ad. sk. Porto Rico. Purchased.
b. Ad. sk. Porto Eico. Dr. Bryant [P.]
c. d. Ad. sk. Porto Eico. Sclater Coll.
e. S ad. sk. Porto Eico, Nov. 12 (C. B. Cory). Salvin-G-odman Coll.
/ . Ad. sk. . Porto Eico (Swift). Salvin-GodrnanColl.
VOL. xvlt.
C0LIIDJ3.
Family COLIIML
(By E. B. SHAEPE.)
Palate desmognathous.
Basipterygoid processes absent,
Coeca none.
Ambiens muscle absent.
Left carotid only present.
Sternum with, four notches on the posterior margin.
Peet painprodactylous, all four toes being directed forwards, the
first one probably reversible.
Hallux present, and connected with the flexor perforans digi
torum ; the two plantar tendons blended.
Tail-feathers ten.
Spinal feather-tract well denned on the neck and not forked on
the back; no bare tracts on the breast.
Oil-gland tufted.
Nest cup-shaped, placed in a bush.
Eggs white.
Range. Confined to Africa.
1. COLIUS. Tjpe
Oolius, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 304 (1760) 0. colitis.
Ehabdocolins, Bp. Cottap. Vol Anis. p. 3 (1854) C. striates.
Urocolius, Bp. t. c. p. 3 (1854) C. macrurus.
Of. Shelley, Ibis, 1885, pp. 307-314.
Range. Confined to Africa.
Key to the Species.
, Mantle and back brown, generally verniieulated
with dusky bars; tail brown or ashy
brown ; region of nostrils black.
ct\ Lower back brown, not chestnut,
a". Entire upper mandible black.
a"'. Head asliy like the back striattts, p. 339.
V". Head white ,.., leucocephalus, p. 340.
b,f
. Upper mandible black, with a yellowishwhiie
mark on the culmen.
&tf
. Ear-coverts like the crown.......... nigrzcollis, p. 341.
dr". Ear-coverts white, contrasting with
the crown.
a%. Hind neck and throat with distinct
bars of dusky brown leucotis, p. 341.
h K Hind neck and throat very indistinctly
barred with dusky brown qffinis, p. 342.
b'. Lower back and rump maroon or chestnut . castanonotus, p. 342.
1. COLIUS.
339
b. Mantle and back grey; centre of lower back
white, -with a broad band of black on each
side ; upper tail-coverts maroon; tail grey.. colius, p. 343.
c.
Mantle and back ashy or lavender-brown;
lower back and rump bluish ashy; tail
greenish or bluish grey; nostrils yellow,
included in the yellow base of the upper
mandible.
c'. No blue on the sides of the nape erythromelon, p. 344.
d\ A large tuft of verditer-blue feathers on
each side of the nape
macnmis, p. 345.
1. Colius striatus.
<
Le Coliou de l'isle Panay, Sonn. Voy. Nouv. Guinie, p. 116, pi. 74
(1776); Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. iv. p. 406 (1778).
Le Coliou ray6, Buff. Mist Nat. Ois. iv. p. 405 (1788).
Tanagra macrura (nee L.), Scop. Bel. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. ii. p. 95
(1786). y *
Radiated Coly, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. i. p. 102 (1783, ex Buff.).
Panayan Coly, Lath. t. c. p. 103 (1783, ex Sonn,).
Colius striatus, G?n. Syst Nat. i. p. 843 (1788) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii.
p. 893 (1848); Bp. Comp. i. p. 86 (1850); Cab. <§• Heine, Mus.
Mem. Th. ii. p. 96 (1859); Gurney, Ibis, 1860, p. 213 (Natal) ; id.
His, 1862, p. 157, 1864, p. 359; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Ouculi,
p. 80 (1864); Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 124, no. 7844 (1870) ; Pek.
Ibis, 1873, p. 116; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 81; Sharpe, ed. Bayard's
B. S. Afr. pp. 558, 853 (1875-84); Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 204;
Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 311; Beichen. J. f. 0. 1889, p. 272 (Quilimane).
Colius panayensis, Gm. Syst. Nat i. p. 843 (1788).
Le Coliou raye", Levaill. Ois. dAfr. vi. p. 36, pi. 256 (1808); Sundev.
Krit. Frartist Levaill. p. 53 (1858).
Rhabdocolius striatus, Bp. Consp. Vol Anis. p. 3 (1854).
Colius minor, Cab. J.f. 0. 1876, p. 94.
Colius striatus intermedins,)
Colius striatus typicus, > Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p, 311.
Colius striatus minor, )
Adult. General colour above brown, with more or less obsolete
vermiculations; a few dusky brown cross lines appearing on the
neck and mantle; the back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and wings
dull ashy, the primaries externally brown near the base; centre
tail-feathers ashy, with brown shafts; the remainder ashy exter
nally with reddish-brown shafts, the inner webs also inclining to
rufescent brown, the outer web externally edged with white; head,
strongly crested, a little lighter ashy than the back; base of the
forehead dusky reddish as well as the lores; sides of face and car-
coverts light ashy brown; throat and breast ashy brown, with
tolerably distinct blackish cross lines; sides of the body like the
breast, but gradually fading off into ochreous buff on the Hanks;
lower breast and abdomen ochreous buff, inclining to rufous on the
under tail-coverts; the throat more or less blackish where the
grey tips to the feathers get worn off, and the black bases show
z A
340
coumm*
through; under wing-coverts ochreous buff; the lower series and
the quill-lining chestnut: " upper mandible black, the lower one
light horn-colour; feet horn-colour" (E. L.
Layard). Total
length 14 inches, culmen 0*55, wing 3*8, tail 9*1, tarsus 0*8.
I
cannot follow Captain Shelley in recognizing three races of
Golius striatus. The rufous on the forehead is not peculiar to
Cape Colony specimens only, but is found in
Natal specimens
also. I am under the impression that this dark forehead is
the result of a stain, probably of fruit. Specimens from the Zambesi
and Natal are rather smaller than the Cape Colony ones, but this
is a well-known rule with South-African birds. The probability
is, likewise, that the Cape Colony form ( 6*. intermedins of Shelley)
would be the original Coly met with by Sonnerat rather than the
Natal form, and consequently would be the true Oolvus striatus of
Scopoli.
Hah. South Africa, from the Cape Colony to Natal and as far as
the Zambesi Region.
a} b. Ad. sk. South Africa (Layard). Sharpe Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Cape Colony (C. J. Anders- Shelley Coll.
son).
d. Ad. sk. Cape Colony. Salvin-G-odnian Coll,
e. Ad. sk. Cape Colony. J. Rocke, Esq. [P.].
/, g: Ad. sk. Cape Colony. Sir A. Smith [p.].
h, i. $ ad. et juv. Knysna, Dec. (C J. Anders- Sharpe Coll.
sk. ' son),
h.
<$ ad. sk. Kingwillianistown, June 19. Major Trevelyan
[P.].
I Ad. sk. Natal (F. Oates). W. E. & C. G. Oates,
Esqrs. [P.].
m-o. Ad. sk. Natal, July. T. Ayres, Esq. [C.].
p-t. Ad. sk. Durban, Natal, Feb., April. Shelley Coll
u.
S ad.; v, w. ? Swaziland, July (T. E. Shehey Coll.
ad. sk. Buckley),
x. cJ ad. sk. Macamac, East Transvaal, E. A. Barratt, Esq.
Sept. 16. [P.].
y, z. Ad. sk. River Shire* (Sir J. Kirk). Livingstone Exped.
a'. Ad. sk. Zambesi (Dr. Meller). Tweeddale Coll.
2. Colius leucocephLalus.
Colius leucocephalus, JRsicken. Orn. Centralbl. 1879, p. 114 (Khiabomba);
Fischer $ Reichen. J.f. 0.1879, p. 341; Fischer, J. f. O.
1885, p. 123 (Wapokomoland• Little Aiuscha); Shelley, Ibis,
1885, p. 312.
Adult Crown and sides of head white; throat, sides of neck,
hind neck, mantle, and least wing-coverts ashy whitish, finely
banded across with dusky; throat blackish; lower back, wings, and
tail ashy brown ; abdomen vinaceous; vent and under tail-coverts
buff: "bill plumbeous; feet rosy; orbits bare ashy grey " (67. A.
Fischer). Total length 11 inches, wing 3*35, tail 8*4.
Kdb. East Africa.
1. COLIUS,
341
3. Colitis nigricollis.
Le Colion raye" a gorge noire, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. vi. p, 45, pi. 259
(1808); Sundev. Krit. Framst. Levaill p. 53 (1858).
Colius nigricollis,
Vieill N. Diet. d'Hist Nat vii. p. 378 (1817);
Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 393 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 86 (1850); Earth
Orn. W.~Afr. p. 155 (1857); Gray, Uand-l B. i. p. 124, no. 7845
(1870); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 717 (Lower Congo); Cab. J.f. 0.
1876, p. 95; Beichen. J. f. 0. 1877, p. 15 (Loango); Sharpe $
Bouvier, Bull Soc. Zool. France, p. 50 (1876; Landana); Socage,
-
Orn. Angola, p. 129 (1877); Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Soc. xvii. p. 434
(1884); Scl P. Z. S. 1884, p. 530, pi. 45.fig. 1; Shelley, Ibis, 1885,
p. 310; Shelley, Ibis, 1889, p. 168; Sharpe, App. to Jameson's
'Bear Column/ p. 399 (1890).
Adult. Similar to C. striatus, but -with a white mark on the base
of the culmen; a black throat and black forehead and pale yellowish
legs. Total length 12 inches, cnlmen 0*6, wing 3*8, tail 8,
tarsus 0*85.
Hctb. Congo Eegion, extending into the Mam-Mam country.
a, h. Ad. sk. River Congo. Commander Sperling [P.].
c. 5 ad. sk. Landana, Congo. Shelley Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Ndoruma, Niam-Niam, Oct. F. Bohndorff [C.].
4. Colius leucotis. (Plate XII. fig. 1.)
Colius
leucotis, Bitpp. Mus. Senchenb. iii. p. 42, pi. 2. fig, 1 (1845;
Temben); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 393 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 86
(1850) 5 Cab. 8r Hem. Mus. Hein. Th. iii. p. 97 (1859); Schl Mus.
B.-B. Cuculi, p. 80 (1864); Gray, Hand-l B. ii. p. 124, no. 7846
(1870); Heugl Orn. KO.-Afr. i. p. 710 (1870, pt.); Finsch,
Tr. Z. S. vii. p. 276 (1870); Blanf. Geol & Zool Abyss, p. 316
(1870); Finsch $ Bartl Fog. Ostafr. p. 472 (1870); Antin. #
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. iv. p. 416 (1873); Hartl Abhandl not.
Ver. Bremen, vii. p. 110 (1881; Lado); Salvad. Ann* Mus. Genov.
(2) i. p. 100(1884; Shoa).
? Colius capensis, JDesMurs in Lefebvre's Voy. Abyss, p. 123 (1845).
Ehabdocohus leucotis, Bp. Consp. Vol Anis. p. 3 (18o4).
Adult. Similar to O. striatus, but having the tip of the culmen
with a white spot near the base, and distinguished by the hoary
white ear-coverts and hinder cheeks; the hind neck and mantle
broadly barred with dusky brown; maxilla black, the culmen pale
bluish white; the mandile fleshy whitish, blackish at the base: " feet
bright vermilion, the soles tinged with grey ; iris pearly white; the
bare orbits bluish" {Heuglin). Total length 14 inches, culmen 0%
wing 4-05, tail 10, tarsus 0-95.
Young. Differs from the adult in having the back pale ochreous
buff barred with black, and in the ochreous margins to the wing-
coverts and quills.
Hob. Abyssinia and Bogos-land, south to Shoa.
a, b. 3 $ ad- sk. Bejook, Bogos-land, July Tweeddale Coll.
(W. Jesse).
342
COLUD-ZE.
c, d. 2 ad. etjuv.sk. Bejook, July (W. Jesse), Sliarpe Coll.
e. $ ad. sk. Bejook, July 17. W. T. Blanford, Esq.
PI
/, g. Ad. sk. Habab, Bogos-land (Esler). SheUey Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Habab (Esler). Sliarpe Coll.
i. Ad. sk. Abyssinia.
Dr. Riippell [C.].
h.
$ ad. sk. Dolo, Abyssinia, May 16 Salvin-Godman Coll.
(W.Jesse).
5. Colius afflnis. (Plate XII. fig. 2.)
Colius leucotis (nee Rupp.), Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 714 (Mombasa);
Xichols. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 358 (Dar-es-Salaam); Cab. J.f 0.1878,
p. 237 (Kikamba); Fischer # Reichea. t c. p. 252 (Mombasa);
Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 128; Bohm, J.f 0. 1885, p. 03 (Karema);
Sahad. Ann. Mm. Genov. (2) i. p. 100 (1884; Slioa); Fischer,
Zeitsehr. yes. Orn. i. p. 363 (1884); id. J.f. 0.1885. p. 123 (Zanzibar;
Takaungu; Kipini; Wapokomoland; Bagamoyo; Pangani;
Pare; Aruscha; Xguruinan) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 311; Reiehen.
J. f 0. 1887, p. 57 (Kondoa); Matschie, t. c. pp. 140, 149
(Lufuku) ; Reichen. J. f. 0.1889, p. 272 (Mekakalla River); id.
J.f. 0.1891, p. 148 (Ferkani).
Colius striatus (nee Gm.), Scl. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 107,112 (Uzaramo);
Ileugl. Orn. KO.-Afr. iv. App. p. cliv (1871, pt.); Finseh §
Hartl Yog. Ostafr. p. 471 (1870, pt.).
Adult male. Similar to C. leucotis, but with the barring on the
neck and throat infinitely less marked, sometimes nearly obsolete.
Total length 13*3 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3-55, tail 9*2, tarsus
0-75
Hah. "White Nile district to Central Africa and thence to Eastern
Africa.
a. Ad. sk. Sudan (KnohlecTzer). Sharpe Coll.
6. Ad. sk. White Nile. Purchased.
c-e. Ad. sk. Mombasa (Hartford). Rev. H. T. Buxton
[*•]•
/ . Ad. sk. Mombasa.
Sliarpe Coll.
g. c? ad. sk. Kitui, Ukamba, April. Dr.Hildebrandt[C.].
h, i, h. cJ ad. sk. Kilimanjaro (5000 to 6000 British Association
ft.) (H. H. Johnston). [Pj.
/. $ ad. sk. KIHnianjaro (5000 ft.), Aug. 8. H. 0. V. Hunter,
Esq. [P.].
m.
$ ad. sk. Ndara, Teita, Aug. 25. H. C. V. Hunter,
Esq. [P.I.
n. Ad. sk. Zanzibar (E. 0. Buxton). SheUey Coll.
o. Ad. sk. Mtoni, March (F Bohndorf). Emin Pasha [P.l
p, q. Ad. sk. Usambara Mountains (Sir J. SheUey Coll. J
Kirk).
r, s. Ad. sk. Bar-es-Salaam (Buxton fy SheUey Coll.
Moir).
6. Colius castanoaotus,
Colius castanonotus, J. fy E. Verr. Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 351; Hartl. Orn.
Westafr. p. 155 (1857); Mont. Ibis, 1802, p. 333 (Angola) ; Gray,
1. COLIUS. --_ 343
Eand-l B. ii. p. 124, no. 7841 (1870); Sol P. Z. 8 1876, p. 413,
pi. 35 j Boeage, Orn. Angola, p. 129 (1877); Sharpe, ed. Bayard's
B. 8. Afr. p. 554 (1884); Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 310.
Adult. General colour above chocolate-brown, the wings like the
back, with a greyish shade on the inner secondaries ; lower back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts maroon-red ; tail-feathers brown with
a greenish-grey shade ; crown of head like the back, the fore part
of the crown black, spotted minutely with white; fore part of
cheeks and feathers below the eye as well as the chin black, spotted
with white tips to the feathers; ear-coverts, hinder cheeks, and
throat ashy grey with a slight pinkish tinge: remainder of under*
surface of body pale ochreous buff, deepening in colour on the tinder
tail-coverts; under wing-coverts pale ochreous, ashy along the edge
of the wing; quill-lining chestnut. Total length 13 inches,
dolmen 0*6, wing 4*1, tail 8*5, tail 1*85.
Hah. "West Africa, from Gaboon to Angola.
a. Ad. sk. Gaboon. J. Verreaux.
(Type of species.)
b. Ad. sk. Angola. Monteiro Coll.
c. J ad. sk. Capangombe (AncMeta). Sharpe Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Quanza River. Shelley Coll.
7. Colius colitis.
Le Ooliou du Cap de Bonne Espe*rance, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 304,
pi. xvi. fig. 2 (1860) • Baubent. PI Bnl v. pi. 282. fig. 1; Buff.
Hist. Nat. Ois. iv. p. 404 (1788).
Loxia colius, Binn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 301 (1766).
Cape Ooly, Bath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. i. p. 100 (1783).
White-backed Coly, Bath. t. c. p. 101, pi. 41 (1783).
Colius capensis, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 842 (1788) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii.
p. 393 (1848); Bp. Consp. I p. 86 (1850) ; Cab. $ B^ne, Mm.
Eein. Tk iii. p. 96 (1860) j ScM. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 79
(1864); Gumey, Ibis, 1868, p. 47 (Natal); Gray, Hand-l. B. ii.
p. 124, no. 7840 (1870); Gumey in Anderss. B. Dam.-Bd. p. 202
(1872); Barratt, Ibis, 1876, p. 204 (Lydenburg, Marico); Eolub
$ Pelz. Beitr. Orn. Siidafr. p. 136 (1882) ; Sharpe, ed. Bayard's
B. S. Afr. pp. 553, 853 (1884); Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 310.
Colius erythropus, Gm, Syst. Nat. I p. 842 (1788); Gray, Gen. B.
ii. p. 393 (1848); StricH. $ Scl. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 151;
Bayard, B. S. Afr. p. 221 (1867); id. Ibis, 1868, p. 247; Ayres,
Ibis, 1871, p. 259 (Potchefstroom).
Colius leuconotus, Bath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 369 (1790); Vieill Nouv.
Diet vii. p. 378 (1817).
Le Ooliou a dos blanc, Bevaill. Ois. cPAfr. vi. p. 391, pi. 257 (1808);
Sundev. Krit. Framst. Bevaill. p. 52 (1858).
Colius erythropygius, Vieill. N, Diet. dEist. Nat. vii. p. 377
(1817).
Colius colius, Stejn. Stand. Nat. Eist. Birds, p. 394 (1885).
Adult. Above delicate grey with a light lilac tinge; down the
centre of the back a line of white as far as the rump, bordered on
each side by a broad band of black, and followed by a patch of
344 COLIIDJS.
maroon on the lower rump; upper tail-coverts and tail grey, the
lateral feathers edged with white; wings grey like the back ; the
quills "brown, externally grey; sides of face, ear-coverts, and throat
grey with a lilac tinge, becoming decidedly purplish on the breast
and sides of the body; abdomen, flanks, and under tail-coverts pale
ochreous buff; lesser wing-coverts white ; median series black;
quills dusky below, ashy whitish along the inner web : " bill black
at tip, dark crimson at base, as is the cere; bare skin round eye
bright scarlet; tarsi and feet dark pick; iris greyish white"
(T. Ayres). Total length 12*5 inches, culmen 0-6, wing 3*5, tail 8,
tarsus 0-8.
Hob. South Africa.
a, b. Ad. sk. South Africa. Old Collection.
c-e. Ad. sk. Cape Colony (Layard fy Butler), Shelley Coll.
f} g. Ad, sk. Otjimbinque, Damara-land, July, Sharpe Coll.
Aug. (C. J. Andersson).
8. Colitis erythromeloiL
? Loxia cinerea, Sparrm. Mus. Carlss. pi. 88 (1786).
Indian Coly, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. i. p. 147 (1787).
Colius indicus. Lath. Lid. Orn, i. p. 370 (1790); Gray, Gen. B. ii.
p. 393 (1848); Bp. Consp. i. p. 84 (1850).
Colius corornandelieils, Lieht. JSamb. Nat. Verz. 1793, p. 42.
Le Coliou Quiriva, Levaill. Ois. dAfr. vi. p. 42, pi. 258 (1808) ;
Sundev. Frit. FramsL Levaill. p. 52 (1857).
Colius erythromelon, Vieill. A7. Diet. d'JSist. Nat. vii. p. 378 (1817);
Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 393 (1848): id. Hand-L B. ii. p. 124, no. 7843
(1870); Gurney in Anderss. B. Dam.-Zd. p. 203 (1872); Buckley,
Ibis, 1874, p. 373 (Transvaal); Ayres, Ibis, 1880, p. 108
(Rustehberg); Sharpe in Oates's Matabele-Land, p. 305 (1881);
id. ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. pp. 551, 853 (1884) ; Scl P. Z. S.
1884, p. 473, pi. 45; Shelley, Bis, 1885, p. 309.
Colius carunculatus, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. ZooL xiv. p. 91 (1826).
Colius senegalensis (nee Gm.), Less. Traits, p. 453 (1831).
Colius quiriva, Mipp. Mus. Senekenb. iii. p. 43 (1845); Schl. Mm*
Pays-Bas, Cuculi, p. 80 (1864); Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 329 (Zam
besi) ; Heugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 715 (1870).
Colius macrurus [nee Gm.), Strickl. $* ScL Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 151.
Urocolius indicus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 3 (1854).
Colius erythromelas, Cab.fy Hein. Mus. Hein. Th. iii. p. 97X1860);
Finsch $ Hartl. Yog. Ostafr. p. 469 (1870); Bocage, Orn. Angola,
p. 128 (1877).
Colius capensis (nee Gm.), Layard, B. S. Afr, p. 222 (1867).
Adult General colour above greenish grey, slightly ochraceous
on the back and rump, the green more pronounced on the wings;
tail-feathers green, dusky internally, with black shafts ; crown of
head greenish grey, with a slight wash of sandy buff on the crest;
forehead tawny buff; sides of neck like the back, but the ear-
coverts and cheeks decidedly green, the fore,, part of the cheeks
fulvescent; throat and under surface of body sandy buff, the sides
of the body greenish grey, the flanks and under tail-coverts
1.
COLIUS. 345
decidedly green ; under wing-coverts tawny buff, chestnut on the
quill-lining: " bill with the tip black, the basal part and the bare
skin round the eye crimson; tarsi and feet rose-red; iris pale
grey " (0. J. Andersson). Total length 11*5 inches, culmen 0-55,
wing 3*6, tail 7, tarsus 0*7.
The Cape birds are much the darkest and greenest; the Transvaal
birds are decidedly paler everywhere, and show scarcely any green
on the ear-coverts; but the Samara birds are extremely pale and
have creamy white foreheads. The latter may be called Coitus lactei
/rows, but they seem to be approached by some of the Transvaal birds.
Hal. Southern Africa, to Angola on the West Coast, and to the
Zambesi and Mozambique on the East.
a. Ad. sk. South Africa.
Sir A. Smith [0.1
b. Ad. sk. South Africa.
Earl of Derby [P.J.
c. Ad. sk. Cape Colony. J. Rocke, Esq.
I?-].
d. Ad. sk. Cape Colony (Butler). Shelley Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Table Mountain, July 22 (0. J. Sharpe Coll.
Andersson).
f.
Ad. sk. Swellendam (Cairncross). Sharpe Coll.
g.
S ad.; h,i. Transvaal, July (T. K Buckley). Shelley Coll.
$ ad. sk.
k. Ad. sk. Marico, Oct.
E. A. Barratt, Esq.
[P.].
I S ad. sk. Rustenberg, June 24 (T. Ayres), Gurney Coll.
m.
$ ad. sk. Mahalapsie River, near Shoshong, W. E. & C. G.
Aug. (F. Oates). Oates,Esqrs.[P.l
n. Ad. sk. Makalaka country (Br. Bradshaw), Shelley Coll.
o, p. Ad. sk. Tete, Zambesi (Sir J. Kirk). Livingstone Expedition.
q. $ ad. sk. Mozambique, March. Dr. Gueinzius [C.].
r, s. S ad.; t, Damara-land, June to Aug. (C. /. Sharpe Coll.
u. 2 ad. sk. Andersson).
v, w. <S ad. sk. Damara-land, July 25 (C. J. A.). Shelley Coll.
#. $ ad. sk. Rio Chiruba, Nov. (J. Anchieta). Sharpe Coll.
9. Colitis macrurns.
Le Coliou kupe* du Senegal, Ms . Orn. iii. p. 306, pi. xvi. fig. 3
(1760).
Lanius macrourus, Linn. Syst Nat. i. p. 134 (1766).
Le Coliou huppS du S&iegal, JDauhent. PL Enl. v. pi. 282.fig. 2 ;
Buff. Hist Nat Ois. iv. p. 404 (1778).
Senegal Coly, Lath Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 1, p. 101 (1783).
Colius senegalensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 842 (1788) ; Vieill. Nouv. Diet
$ Hist. Nat. ^il p. 378 (1817) ; id. Gal Ois. p. 54, pi. 51 (1825)
Rupp>. Syst Uebers. p. 79 (1845) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 86 (1850)
Hartl dm. W.-Afr. p. 155 (1857); id. J. f. O. 1861, p. 260
Antin. Cat descr. XIcc. p. 76 (1864); Fischer 8? Beichen. J. f. O
1879, p. 340 (Kipinij Mambrui); Fischer, Zeitschr. yes. Orn. i
p. 363 (1884; Pangani); id. J. f. 0. 1885, p. 123 (Pare).
Colius macrourus, Gray § Mitch. Gen. B. ii. p. 393, pi. 96 (1848)
Blyth, Cat B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 70 (1849); Horsf. % Moore, Cat
346 coiima;.
B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 606 (1856; Slioa) ; Cab. $ Seine, Mus.
Hem. Tli. ill. p. 96 (1860; Senaar); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cucull,
p. 80 (1863; Senegambia, Gaboon); Gray, Hand-l B. ii. p. 124,
no. 7842; Heugl Orn. 2sT.0.-Afr. i. p. 712, App. p. chv (187071);
Finsch, tr. Z. S. vii. p. 275 (1870); Blanf. Geol. fy Zool
Abyss, p. 318 (1870); Antin. § Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. iv.
p. 416 (1873); Socage, Orn. Angola, p. 130 (1877): Marti
Abhandl nat. Ver. Bremen, vii. p. 100 (1881; LadoJ; Shelley,
Ibis, 1885, p. 308.
Urocolius ruacrourus, Bj). Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 3 (1854).
Adult male. Similar to O. erytlvromelon, but much paler, and
distinguished by a tuft of torquoise-blue feathers on each side of
the nape ; upper mandible red, the base and the tip horny blackish;
lower mandible black: " feet rosy crimson, the soles bluish yellow;
iris and orbital ring crimson77 (Ton Heuglin). Total length
13 inches, culmen 0*6, wing 3*45, tail 9, tarsus 0*7.
Young, Lighter in colour than the adults, and wanting the Hue
tufts on the sides of the nape.
Hah. K.E. Africa, across to Senegambia and Gaboon. Said to
have occurred in Angola, but this locality is extremely doubtful.
a. <$ ad. &k.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Juv. sk.
Mohaber, Abyssinia,
(W.Jem). *
Abv^sinia (Col. Sfurt).
Kefamet, Bogos, July 9.
July 9 Shelley Coll.
Hume Coll.
W. T. Blanford, Esq.
d. e. <J ad. &k. Eairo, Bogos, Aug. ^Y-'?- Blanford, Esq.
/ . $ ad. sk.
a. Ad. sk,
k. <J ad. sk.
I <J ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
Eairo, Aug. 16 ( W. Jess
Eairo, Aug. 14 (IF. Jess
Kokai, July 9 (W. Jesse
Efat, Slioa, April (SirHarris)*
Eordofan.
e).
e).
).
W. C.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.
Consul Petherick
I Ad. sk. White Kile.
[P.].
P. Gallon, Esq. [P.].
7H. <$ ad. sk. Lado, March 11 (Emin Pasha). Shelley Coll.
BXrOEHOTIBJE.
347
Suborder BUCEROTES.
(By "W. B. OGILYIE-GEANT.)
Bill large or very large, supported internally by cellular bony
structure. Base of the culmen with a variously-shaped casque, in
some species of large size while in others it is rudimentary and
only indicated by a slight compressed keel. In the majority the
casque is closed, hollow, and supported by bony tissue; but in
Bucorax it is more or less open anteriorly, and in Rhinoplax the
anterior wall is solid, while the posterior part is nearly filled up
with parallel bony columns.
Palate desmognathous. Basipterygoid process absent. Episternal
process perforated to receive the bases of the coracoids. Sternum broad
behind, with two shallow notches. Skeleton unusually pneumatic.
Casca none.
Hallux connected with the flexor perforans die/riorum, and not
with the flexor longus hallucis. Flexor perforans cligitorum split
into branches, of which one leads to the first digit, one to the
second, and generally one to the third and fourth.
Margins of the eyelids furnished with strong lashes.
Spinal feather-tract not defined on the neck, which has no lateral
bare tracts. Tail-feathers ten. After-shaft none. Ho down-
feathers. Oil-gland tufted. Under wing-coverts do not cover the
basal parts of the quills *.
Egg white. Young hatched naked and helpless.
This suborder comprises one family only, the Hornbills.
Family BUCEROTIDiE.
Range. Africa, Austro-Malayan Kegion, and India.
Key to the Genera.
, Casque hollow; back of the neck and middle
of back feathered
A.
Tarsus long, about twice as long as the
middle toe and claw RUC0RACIN2E.
1. BuconAX, p. 349.
B.
Tarsus short, shorter or about equal to the
middle toe and claw BUCEROTINJE.
a. Tail subquadrate; the middle tail-feathers
hardly longer than the outer pair.
a'. Chin and throat feathered.
a". Crest of long soft feathers; casque
large, elevated, and compressed or
rudimentary, scarcely rising above
the level of the culmen. Plumage [p. 416.
black and white. [Size large.] 16. BYCANISTES,
* No doubt the loud noise made by many of these birds when flying is
caused by the air rushing between the bases of the quills.
348
BTJCER0TIDJ3.
h". Crest moderate, composed of hairy
feathers.
a'". Tail white, with a wide "black bar
acro&s the middle. [Size venlarge.]
«4. Casque large, wedge-shaped,
elevated, the anterior point
either nearly straight or recurved.
2.
b4. Casque large, subquadrate, concave
in front, and rising into
a square comer on either side
at right angles to the culmen . 3.
b"'. Tail white, u&uallystained orange
or rufous, no black bar across
the middle. (Casque large, flat-
topped, and boat-shaped.) [Size
large.[
".... 4.
e". Crest moderately long, composed
of soft feathers; casque absent or
very small and keel-shaped. [Size
small.] 15.
b\ Chin and throat naked.
d". Casque large and swollen, much
like that of Anthraeoeeros, but less
compressed laterally 0.
e". Casque short, elevated in front,
smooth or transversely folded, and
extending over the skull to above
or behind the eye 8.
f't Casque moderate, compressed, and
somewhat elevated, and not extending
over the skull 7.
g".
Casque consists of a series of overlapping
oblique plates, and does
extend behind over the skull ... . 10.
b. Tail wedge-shaped; centre pair of tail-
feathers much longer than the outer
pair.
&. Feathers on the lores and on the top
of the head not unusually elongate;
tail moderate.
k". No naked wattle at the base of the
throat.
c'". Casque large or very large, sub-
crescentic, swollen posteriorly,
and extending an inch or more
behind the vertical from the eye;
middle of chin and throat
feathered 5.
d"!. Casque small, keel-shaped; crest
of long feathers.
BUCEEOS, p. 352.
[p. 355.
DlCHOCEBGS,
[p. 357.
H.YDBOCOBAX,
[p. 398.
LOPBOCEROS*,
[p. 370.
GY3IXOL2BM"CS,
[p. 377.
CRANOEHHrXCS,
[p. 371.
PEIXELOPIDES,
[p. 382.
BHYTIDOCEBOS,
[p. 361.
ANTHBACOCEROS,
* In the somewhat aberrant form Lo2)hocero$ JiartlauU the tail is wedge-
shaped, the outer pair of feathers being considerably shorter than the centre
pair.
1 .
BTJCOEAX. 349
cV Chin and throat naked. (Plu- [p. 390.
~ mage blackish brown.) 12. ANOBBIHNTJS,
dl
. Chin and middle of throat
feathered. (Plumageof under- [p. 392.
parts brick colour.) 13. PTILOLJEMTXS,
e'". Casque small but well-developed
or absent j crest very slight.
(Plumage grey.) ". 14. QCYCEROS, p. 394.
f". Casque rudimentary; base of the
upper mandible transversely
grooved; chin and throat naked;
crest moderate. [Size very
large.] 9. ACEROS, p. 380.
i". A naked wattle at the base of the [p. 388.
throat; casque large and swollen . 11. CERATOGYMNA,
d'. Feathers on the lores very long,
directed upwards and forwards; tail
long or very long.
k". Crest composed of hairy feathers;
middle pair of tail-feathers not [p. 423.
much longer than the following .. 17. BERENICORNIS,
I". Crest composed of soft feathers;
middle pair of tail-feathers much [p. 424.
longer than the next pair.« 18. ORTHOLOPHUS,
II.
Anterior part of casque solid; neck and
throat mid a line down the centre of the
back naked; tail wedge-shaped; centre
pair of tail-feathers very long, more than [p. 426.
twice as long as the second pair 19. KHINOPLAX,
1.
BUCOEAX. .
Type.
Bucorvus, Less, Traits Orn. p. 259 (1831) B. abyssinicus,
.
Tragopan, (?my, List Gen. JB. p. 65 (1841) B. abyssinicus.
Tmetoceros, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. p. 345 (1847) B. abyssinicus.
Bucorax, Sundev. (Efv. Kongl. Vetens. Ak. Fork. vi.
p. 161 (1849) ? B. abyssinicus.
Bill long, pointed, compressed and slightly curved. Casque
covers the basal third or more of the culmen, and is either elevated,
subcylindrieal and open in front, or keel-shaped and compressed.
Throat naked. Tail rather short, subequal. Tarsus very long,
about twice as long as the middle toe and claw.
Range, Africa.
Key to the Sjoecies.
I.
Casque wide open in front abyssinieus, p. 349.
II. Casque closed or slightly open in front coffer, p. 351.
I. Bucorax abyssinicus.
Le Grand Calao d'Abyssinie, Daubent. PL Enl. no. 779.
Le Calao d'Abyssinie, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 155 (1780),
Abyssinian Hornbill, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 347 (1781).
350
BTTCEROTID-E.
Le Calao caroncule", LevailL Hist. Xat Ois. cPAfr. v. pp. 109, 230,
231,232(1806).
Bucero& "brae, Bumont, Diet. So. Kat\i. p. 201 (1817).
Buceros abvssiniciis, Bodcl Tabl. PL Enl. p. 48 (1783); Gm. S. N.
i. p. 858"(1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 143 (1790) ; Shaw, Gen.
Zool Tiii. p. 21 (1811); Vieill JV. Bid. d'Hisi. Xat iv. p. 589
(1816); Merrem, Ersch u. Gruber, Encycl xiii. p. 281 (1824);
Bes Murs, §c. in Lefebire, Voy. Abyss, p. 125 (1845-50); Hartl.
J. f. 0. 1855, p. 361; Mtzs. Pteryl. Ran Soc. p. 102, pi 71.
figs. 1 & 2 (1867).
Bucorrus
ab}s4nicus, Less. Traite Orn. p. 256 (1831;; Bonnp.
Consp. G. A. i. p. 89 (1850) ; Bonap. Coasp. Vol. Anisod, p. 2
(1854); Horsf. ^* Moore, Cat B. Mus. E. Bid. Co. ii. p. 581
(1856-8); Blanf. GeoL Zool Abyss, p. ^880 (1870); Antin. e
Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. p. 420 (1873); id. Cat Ucc. p. 57
(1873) ; Reich. J.f.O. IglS^JJ ; Elliot, Monogr. Bucerot. pi. i.
(1877): Ottley, P. Z. & J879, p. 461; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Cm.
Genov. xxi. p. 101 (1884); Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 221
(1884); Beddard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 41,fisr. 2; Shelley, Ibis, 1888,
p. 48 \ Bedford, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 588,fig's. 1 & 4.
Trayropan abyssinicus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. Go (1841); Riipp.
Syst Uebers. p. 79 (1845).
Bucorax aby^inieus, Sitndev. (Efrer. Konql. Vetens. Ah. Forh. \i.
p. 161 (1849); Hartl.rn. W.-Afr. p. 165 (1S57); Hartl. J. f. O.
1*01, p. 2(51; ? Monfeiro, Ibis, 18b2, p. 338; Antin. Cat de*c.
JJce. p. 77 (lb64); iSharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 855; Bocaqe, P. Z. S.
1873, p. 60S, fks. 1 & 4.
Buconus ab\amicus, \ar. <ruineensis, Bubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii.
p. 221 (18-4).
Tmetoctros ab-v^mieii;>, Cab. 6c Heine, Mus. Hem. ii p. 175 (I860};
Fimch u. Hartl. Vary. O.-Afr. p. 480 "part] (1870); Finseh, Tr.
Z. & yii.p.279 (18t0).
Tinetucoros habessinicu^ Heuql. Orn. N. O.-Afr. i. p. 731 "part]
(1871).
Buceros eartmeulatu*., Way I. Myd. Ai. Buctrus, BO. 6 (1627).
Buceros carunculatus, var. abj^niicu^ p. 19, tz iar. gulneensis. p. 20,
ScM. Mus. Payi-Bas, i. Buceros, (1862). If
Bucorvus pyrrhops, Elliot, Ann. Mag. X H. xx. p. 171 (l67f) ; id.
Monogr. Bucerot. pi. ii. (1878); De Souza, J. Sci. Zisb. xxxviii.
p. 118, pL (1884).
Bucorax guineensis, Bocage, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 698, figs. 3 & 7.
Adult male. All the plumage Mack except the primaries, which
are white; naked skin round eye and on middle of throat blue,
remainder red; iris brown; legs and feet dusky; bill and casque
black, the base of the maxilla with a reddish patch ; casque short,
abruptly truncate, and wide open anteriorly. Total length 43
inches, wing 23, tail 13*5, tarsus Q-5.
Adult female. Plumage resembles that of male; naked skin
round eye and on throat
purple; iris, legs, and bill as above.
Total length 42 inches, wing 20*8, tail 13, tarsus 5*8.
Hah. North-eastern to West Africa.
a. Ad.sk.; b. Head. Shoa (Harris). India Museum.
c,d.
cT ? ad. sk. Facado, Abyssinia, Tweeddale Coll.
May ( W. Jesse).
1 . BTTCOBAX. 351
e. Ad. sk. N. Africa.
/. Head only.
g. Sternum. Abyssinia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].
k Skeleton.
Imm. skull.
W. Africa. Zoological Soc. Coll.
2. Bucorax caffer.
Bucorax abyssinicus, Gurney (nee Bodd.), Ibis, 1861, p. 132; ? Mm*
teiro, Ibis, 1862, p. 338 ; Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 326.
Bucorvus abyssinicus, ? Sclater, P. Z. S. 1864, p. Ill; Layard, B.
S. Afr. p. 228 (1867); Gurney, Ibis, 1868, p. 162; Ayres, Ibis,
1869, p. 296; Gurney, ed. Anderss. B. Damaraland, p. 205
(1872); id. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 60; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. Ill
(1881); ShelleyK P. Z. S. 1881, p. 591.
Tmetoceros abyssinicus, Finsch ti, Hartl Vdg. O.-Afr. p. 480
[part] (1870); Finsch, Zeit. ges. Orn. 1884, p. 361; id. J. f. 0.
1885, p. 126; Itejehen. J.f 0. 1887, p. 60.
Tmetoceros
liabessinicus, Ileugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 731 [part]
(1871).
Buceros camnculatus, var. cafer, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros.
p. 20 (1862).
Bucorax cafer, Bocage, P. Z. S.1873, p. 698,figs. 2, 5, & 6; id. J.
Ac. 8c. Lisb, no. xvi. p. 284 (1873) ; ibid. no. xvii. p. 57 (1874);
ibid. no. xix. p. 149 (1876); Sha?'pe, in Layard's B. S. Afr. pp. 122
& 808 (1875); Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. Ill (1881).
Bucorvus cafer. Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pi. 3 [text] (1880); Shelley,
Ibis, 1882, p. 245.
Bucorvus caffer, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 49.
Bucorvus abyssinicus, var. cafer, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 222
(1884).
Adult male. Plumage similar to B. abyssinicus; bare skin of
neck and round eye bright red ; iris light brown j legs black; bill
and casque black, the latter sloping gradually to the culmen and
scarcely open anteriorly. Total length 40 inches, wing 22, tail 13*5,
tarsus 5'5.
Adult female. Resembles the male in plumage and differs only
in having the bare skin of the throat and round the eye blue.
In a somewhat immature example the tail is tipped with white
and the plumage is browner, especially on the underparts of the
body, while the white primaries are mixed with black.
Rah. South and East Africa; Siik Country (Jackson) ; ? Angola.
a. (S ad. sk. Zululand, June (Gordge). Shelley Coll.
b, c. Ad. et imm. Pangani Eiver, Jan. (Kirk). Shelley Coll.
d. $ ad. sk. Cape.
Sir A. Smith [P.].
e. Ad. sk. Cape.
Purchased.
f.
Ad. sk. S. Africa. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
[P.].
g. Ad. sk. S. Africa. Purchased.
h, 6 ad. sk. Humbe, April (Anchieta). Shelley Coll.
i, k. Heads only.
352
BITCEROTIDJE.
2. BUCEROS. Type>
Buceros, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 153 (1706) B. rhinoceros.
Meniceros, Gloger, Hand- u. Hilfsb. p. 335 (1842) B. rhinoceros.
Bill large, stout, and curved; casque large wedge-shaped, elevated,
and somewhat compressed, the anterior angle either extending
forward in a prolonged point or recurved; sides of throat naked;
tail-feathers subequal, white with a broad subterrninal black band:
crest moderate, composed of hairy feathers ; size very large.
Range. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
Key to tlie Species.
I.
Casque curved up anteriorly.
a. Base of the casque and of both mandibles
black; a black line from the nostril runs
up the outer side of the casque rhinoceros $, p. 352.
b. No black at the base of the casque and mandibles
; no black line rhinoceros §, p. 352.
II.
Casque nearly straight, very slightly curved
anteriorly.
e. As in B. rhinoceros S
silvestris $, p. 354.
d. As in B. rhinoceros $
silvestris 5 , p. 354.
1. Buceros rhinoceros.
Le Calao de& Indes, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 571 (J760).
Le Calao Rhinoceros, Dauhent. PI JEJnL no. 934; Buff, Hist. Nat.
Ois. vii. p. 161 (1780); Levcdll. Hist. Nat. oVOis. VAmer. i. p. 6
pis. 1 & 2 (1801).
Rhinoceios Hornbill, Lath. Gen. Syn. L p. 342 (1781); id. Suppl i,
p. 69 (1787).
Buceros rhinoceros, Linn. S. N. i. p. 153 (1766); Forst. Ind. Zool
p. 40 (1781) j Gm. S. N i. p. 360 (1788); Shaw fy Nodd. Nat
Misc. ii. pi. xli. (1789-1813); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 141 (1790):
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 3, pi. i (1811); Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist
Nat. iv. p. 598 (1816); Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 175 (1822):
Merrem, Ersch u. Gruber, Encycl. xiii. p. 287 (1824); Wagt
Syst. Av. Buceros, no. 1 (1827); Less. Traite Orn. p. 255, pi. 31
(i8Sl) 5 Gray, Gen. B. ii.' p. 399 [part] (1847); Bonap. Consp.
Gen. Av. i. p. 89 (1850); id. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 2 (1854) ;
Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. Ind. Co. ii. p. 582 (1856-58);
Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 446; Cab. fy Heine, Mm. Hein. ii.
p. 174 (1860); Sclat. Wolfs Zool Sketch. (2) pi. xxx. (1861);
myth, Ibis, 1866, p. 352; Gray, Hdnd-L B. ii. p. 127, sp. 7866
(1870); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 464; ibid. 1875, p. 342,
%. 4; Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 490; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876,
p. 518, pi. xlix. fig. 2 ; Elliot, Monog. Bucerot. pi. 4 [text] (1877);
Shape, Ibis, 1879, p. 246; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 383; Nicholson,
Ibis, 1883, p. 240; Milne-Edio. Compt. Rend. xcix. p. 833
(1884); Beddard, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 588, fig. 2; Hartert, J.f.O.
1889, p. 369; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 14; Elliot, Auk, 1891,
p. 8.
Buceros
(Buceros) rhinoceros, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 194
(1884).
2 . BTJCEROS.
353
Baceros rhinoceros, var. a. sumatranus, b. borneensis, c. indica,
Mull $ Schl Verh. Ges. Ned. hid. p. 22 (1839-44). m
Buceros rhinoceros, var. sumatranus and var. borneensis, Schl. Mus.
Bays-Bas, i., Baceros, |>. 4 (1862).
Baceros rhinoceroides (Te?nm. Mus. Lugd.)1 Bonap. Consp. Gen. A v.
i. p. 89 (1850) ; id. Consp. Vol. Amsod. p. 2 (1854).
Buceros sublunatus (Temm. Mus. Lugd.), Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i.
p. 90 (1850); id. Consp. Vol Amsod. p. 2 (1854).
Adult male. Head, neck, back, wings, and breast dark black,
the back and wings being slightly glossed with steel-blue and dark
green; rump, upper tail-coverts, belly, thighs, and under tail-
coverts white; tail white, with a wide subterminal bar of black
across each feather; bill whitish yellow; base of both mandibles
and base of casque black, casque curving up anteriorly, dark lake-
red shading to orange on the lower part; a black line runs along the
side from the nostril to the anterior part of the casque; iris deep
lake• legs and feet yellowish green. Total length 45 inches, wing
18, tail 14*3, tarsus 2*5.
Adult female docs not differ in plumage from the male; bill and
casque as in the male, but not black posteriorly, and there is no
black line running from the nostril up the middle of the casque.
Total length 38*5 inches, wing 17*2, tail 13-5, tarsus 2*3.
Young does not differ in plumage from the adult, but the casque
is only indicated by a small elongate triangular lump on the top of
the maxilla. The small casque is orange-red, and the same colour
surrounds the base of the mandibles and gradually shades into pale
yellow towards the extremity.
Hah. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo.
a. J ad. sk. Johore, Au<r. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll.
b. $ ad. sk. Klang, April (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
c} d. <$ § ad. sk. Malacca (Dr. Cantor). India Museum.
Malacca. Capt. S. Pinwill
LP.].
e. <$ ad. sk.
/. <$ ad. sk. Malacca (Dr. A. C. Maingay). Tweeddale Coll.
g. <$ ad. sk. Rawas River, Sumatra, Nov. (JET. F. Nicholson, Esq.
O. Forbes).
pp.]
h. <$ ad. sk. Tandjong, Sumatra, Aug. (If. 0.
F. Nicholson. Esq.
Forbes).
[P.].
i. (S ad, sk. Mt. Sago, Sumatra, Sept. (Carl
Tweeddale Coll.
Bock).
k-m. (S ? ad. et Sumatra, Sept., Oct. (Carl Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
(5 imm. sk.
Sumatra.
Wallace Coll.
n. <$ ad. sk.
Lawas River, Borneo. R. T. Ussher, Esq.
°)P' 3 ? a(** sk
q. S
ad. sk. Lawas River, Borneo. H. Veitch, Esq.
[P.].
T. 5 ad. sk. Sarawak.
Wallace Coll.
s. Imm. sk. Baram, Sarawak. C. Hose, Esq. [0.].
t $ ad. sk. Indian Archipelago,
u. 6
ad., head
only.
v. Skeleton.
VOL. xvire 2 A
354 BTJCEROTlDiE.
2. Buceros silvestris.
? Le Calao d'Afrique, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 570 (1760).
? Le Brae ou Calao cTAfrique, Dauhent. PL Enl viii. p. 39* Buff.
Hist. Kat. Ois. vii. p. 154 (1780).
? African Hornbill, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. S48 (1781).
Le Calao a casque en croissant, Levaill Hist. Nat. dVOis. PA?ner. i.
p. 26, pi. IS (1601).
Crescent Hornbill, Skaiv, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 7 (1811).
? Buceros africanus, Gm. S. K. i. p. 359 (1788); Lath. Inch Orn. i.
p. 143 (1790) • Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 6 (1811) ; Vieill. K. Diet
a? Hist. Kat. iv. p. 591 (1810); Merrem, Ersch u. Gruber. Encycl.
xiii. p. 2S2 (1824).
Hydrocorax indicus, llaah, Tab. mi. dese.
Buceros silvestris, VieilL K. Diet. d'Hist Kat iv. p. 592 (1810);
Less. Traits Orn. p. 256 (1831); Elliot Monogr. Bucerot. pt. v.
[text] (1881).
Buceros dladematus, Dumont, Diet. 8c. Kat. vi. p. 203 (1817).
Buceros niger, Merrem, Ersch u. Gruber, Encycl xiii. p. 286 (ISM).
Buceros lunatus, Temm. PL Col ii. p. 63, pi. 546 (1834); Bonap.
Consp. Gen. A v. i. p. 90 (1850); id. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2
(1854); Cab. fy Seine, Mas. Hem. ii. p. 175 (I860): Gray,
P. Z. S. 1860, p. 356.
Buceros rhinoceros, var. a. javanica, Mull 8f Sehl Verh, Ges. Ned
2nd. p. 22 (1839-44).
Buceros rhinoceros, var. lunatus, Schl Mus. Paus-Bas. i. Buceros,
p. 5 (1802).
Buceros (Buceros) rhinoceros, var. silvestris, Dubois, Bull Mus.
Beh/. Hi. p. 194 (1884).
Buceros rhinoceros, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 399 "part] (1847).
Adult male resembles B. rhinoceros in general appearance, but
differs from it both in its larger size and in the shape of the casque,
which is much longer and only very slightly curved up at the
anterior end. The black subterminal band across the tail is, on
the whole, considerably wider (ea. 5 inches), and the black of the
middle portion of the shaft of each tail-feather is produced down
the median line of the white basal part to the root; but neither of
these characters is reliable, as they are occasionally more -or Jess
developed in specimens of B. rhinoceros. Bill and casque yellowish
white, middle of casque orange-red, a black line from the nostril
running up the outer edge of the casque; posterior of casque, base,
and cutting-edge of both mandibles black. Total length 47 inches,
wing 20*7, tail 10, tarsus 3*4.
Adult female does not differ in plumage from the male. There
is no black at the posterior end of the casque or mandibles, nor
any black line running up the outer edge of the casque from the
nostril. Total length 46 inches, wing 18*3, tail 15*1, tarsus 3*2.
Hah. [? Sumatra (Bock Sf Raffles)'] Java.
a. <$ ad. sk. [?] Sumatra (Raffles). India Museum.
b. cf imm. sk. [?] Sumatra (CarlBock). Tweeddale Coll.
c. S ad.sk. East Java. Wallace Coll.
d. $ ad. sk. Indian Archipelago.
e. 9 ad. sk. Bishop of Victoria
[p.j
3 , DICHOCEROS.
355
3. BICHOCEEOS.
Type.
Bichoceros, Gloger, Hand- u. Mlfsb. p. 335 (1842) B. cavatus.
Homraius, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854) B. bicornis.
Bill very laige, stout, and curved; casque large, subquadrate,
covering the basal two-fifths of the culmen and extending two
inches behind the eye, convex behind, concave in front, and rising
on either side into a square corner at right angles to the culmen;
sides of throat naked; tail-feathers subequal, with a broad subterminal
black band; crest of hairy feathers fairly developed; size
very large.
Range. Indo-Chinese Countries, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra.
1. Bichoceros bicornis.
Le Calao des Philippines, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 568 (1760); Buff. Hist
Nat. Ois. vii. p. 157 (1780).
Philippine Hombill, Lath. Gen. Sign, i. p. 345 (1781).
Le Calao a casque concave, Lemitt. Hist. Nat. oVOis. VAm&r. i.
p. 10, pis. iii., iv., & v (1801).
Le Calao bicorne, Levaill. Hist. Nat. d'Ois. TAmer. i. p. 16, pis.
vii. & viii. (1801).
Buceros bicornis, Linn. S. N. I. p. 153 (1766); Forst. Ind. Zool,
p. 40 (1781); Gm.S. N. i. p. 358 (17&8); Lath. Ind. Om.i. p. 142
(1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 16 (1811); Vieill. N. Diet
d'Hist Nat iv. p. 597 (1816); Merrem, Ersch u. Gruber, Encycl.
xiii. p. 283 (1824); Temm. PI. Col. ii. sp. 4 [text] (1824); Wagl.
Syst. Av. Buceros, no. 5 (1827); Less. TraiU Orn. p. 254 (1831) ;
Mlill. $ Schl Verh. Ges. Ned. Ind. p. 27 (1839-44); Gray, Gen.
B. ii. p. 399 (1847); Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 89 (1850);
Hartl. J. f. O. 1859, p. 288; Baker, J. As. Soc. Beng. p. 292
(1859); Sclat Wolfs Zool. Sketch, 2nd ser. pi. xxix. (1861); Schl.
Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 3 (1862); Gray, Hand-l. B. ii.
p. 127 (1870); Blanf. Ibis, 1870, p. 466; Garrod, P. Z. S.
1873, p. 464; Elliot, Ibis, 1877, p. 416.
Bichoceros bicornis,
Glog. Hand- u. Hilsfb p. 335 (1842); Cab. §•
Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 173 (1860); Hume, Nests §• Eggs Ind. B.
p. 112 (1873); Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (1874); Blyth, J. As. Soe.
Beng. p. 68 (1875); Wardlaw-Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p. 454; Elliot,
Mon. Bucerot. pi. vi. [text] (1877); Gates, B. Brit. Burmah, ii.
p. 87 (1883); Oates, Ibis, 1888, p. 72 ; Oates, Hume's Nests 8?
Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 68 (1890).
Homraius bicornis, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854); Ho?*sf,
& Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. Ind. Co. ii. p. 583 (1856-58); Moore,
P. Z. S. 1859, p. 447; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 242 (1862); Blyth,
Ibis, 1866, p. 349; Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 4; Marshall, Birds1 Nests
in Ind. p. 46 (1877).
Buceros (Bichoceros) bicornis, Dubois, Bull. Mas. Belg. iii. p. 195
(1884).
Buceros cavatus,
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 18 (1811); Mqffl. Tr.
Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 291 (1822); Merrem, Ersch u. Gruber, p. 285
(1824) ; Vig. App. Mem. Baffi. p. 666 (1830); Jerd. Madr.Jour.
p. 37 (1840); Blyth, J. As. Soc. Beng. xii. p. 986 (1842); Gould,
Cent. Birds, p. 44 (1832); Blyth, J. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. p. 993
356
BTJCEKOTID.E.
(1847) ; Blyth, Cat. B. As. Soc. Beng. p. 42 (1849); Blanf. Ihis
1870, p. 466.
Dichoceros cavatiis, Gloq. Hand- u. Hilsfb. p. 335 (1842); Hume
Str. F. iii. p. 20 (1875); Fairb. Str. F? h. p. 254 (1876); Four
dillon, Str. F. iv. p. 384 (1876); Inglis, Str. F. v. p. 20 (1877) •
Hume 4- Far. Str. F. vi. p. 98 (1878); Gates, Str. F. vii. p. 45
(1878); Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 86 (1879); Bingham, Str. F. viii.
p. 461 (1879), and ix. p. 158 (1880); Vidal, Sir. F. ix. p. 50
(1880); Butler, Cat B. S. Bombay Fres. p. 20 (1880) ; id. Str
F. ix. p. 383 (1880); Oates, Str.F x. p. IfeS (1882); Davison
Str. F. x. p. 352 (1883); mime, Str. F. xl p. 51 (1888).
Buceros (Homraius) cavatus, Tic/cell, Ibis, lb64, p. 176.
Buceros ciistatus, Vieill. K. Diet cTHist Xat. iv. p. 591 (1816).
Buceros honirai, Hodgs. Icon. hied, in Brit. Mus. Bass. pis. 311 &
312 (no. 599) ; Gray, Zool Misc. p. 85 (188T); Hodgs. J. As. Soc.
Bene/, i. p. 251 (1832); id. As. Fes. xviii. pt. ii. no. xi. p. 162
(1833); Gray, Gen. B> ii. p. 349 (1849) ; id. Hand-l, J?, pt ii.
p. 127, sp. 7871 (1870).
r
Dichoceros homrai,
Hume, Nests %• Bggs Ind. B, p. Ill (1873)
?
*
id. Str. F. ii. p. 470 (1874); id. I c. iii. p. 55 (1875).
Adult mah. Head, chin, throat, back, rump, and breast deep
black, also lesser and median upper wing-coverts and under wing-
coverts ; greater wing-coverts, primaries, and secondaries black,
with whitish bases and extremities; tail yellowish white, with a
broad subterminal band of black across each feather. Keck buff;
upper tail-coverts, belly, thighs, and under tail-coverts whitish.
leaked skin round the eye fleshy pink; eyelid black ; iris blood-
red ; legs and feet dull green; bill and casque yellowish, inclining
to orange-red on the top of the casque and towards the point of the
upper mandible; basal portion of both mandibles and their cutting-
edges black, also the anterior and posterior margins of the casque,
the black of the former extending backward along either side in a
triangular patch nearly reaching to the nostrils. Total length 52
inches, wing 19*5, tail 15*3, tarsus 2-9.
Adult female does not differ from the adult male in plumage,
but the casque is without black marking; bare skin round the
eye reddish; iris opalescent white. Total length 49 inches, wing
19-3, tail 15-3, tarsus 2*8.
Immature male and female resemble the adult in plumage, and
differ only in the shape of the casque, which is flat and triangular •
gradually the lateral ridges appear, the anterior angle disappears,
and the casque assumes the subquadrate shape characteristic of the
adult.
Hah. Indo-Chinese Countries, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra.
a, b. c?$ad. sk. Mynall, Travancore, Oct, Nov. Hume Coll.
(F. Bourdillon).
c. <J ad. sk, Ratnagiri, S. Konkan, Nov. (6% Hume Coll.
Vidal).
d. <$ ad. sk. Himalayas.
e~g. S
$ ad.; Kumaon, March (G. King). Hume Coll.
$ imm. sk.
4 . HYDROCORAX.
357
h-h. S ad. et
imm. sk.
/. $ ad. sk.
m~p. c? ad. etimm.; q~s. 2ad. et imm. sk.
t-w. <$ ad. etimm. sk.
x,y. dSad.sk.
z. $ ad. sk.
a, b'. (S 2 ad.
sk.
c'. S ad. (head
only).
d\ e'. <$ J ad.
f. Imm. sic.
g'. S ad. sk.
h\ $ ad. sk.
z\ k'. $ J ad. sk.
I', (S ad. sk.
m'. dad.sk.
n'. $ ad. sk.
or, p'. $ 2 ad.
sk.
q'-u'. tf ad. etimm.; v', w'. 2ad. et imm. sk.
a,'. 2 ad. sk.
y% z'. $ ad. sk.
a". $ ad. sk.
b". 2 ad. sk.
e". 2 ad. (head
only).
d"j e". J ad. et
imm. sk.
f'y (j"• <$ ad.
sk.; 2 ad.
(head only).
Nepal.
Native Sikhim, March (L. Mcm
detti).
Sikkini, March, April, and July
(Z. Mandelli).
Darjeeling, April & May.
N.
Khasia Hills, Feb. (A. W.
Chennell).
Garo
Hills (H. H. Godioin-
Austen).
Hodgson Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Naga Hills (B. JET. Godwin-Tweeddale Coll.
Austen).
Cachar (J. Inglis).
Toughoo, Jan. (J2. G. W. JR.)
Arrakan Hills, Pegu, June.
Pegu Hills, April.
Kollidoo, Tenasserim, Jan. (W.
Davison).
Pahpoon, Jan., Oct. ( W. Damson).
Thoungyeen, Aug. (C. T. Bingham).
Zamee HiYer,'Feb.(C.T.Bingham),
N. of Yea, March (W. Davison).
Pakchan, Jan. & Feb.
Bankasoon, Feb., Oct., & Dec. (W.
Davison).
Malawoon.
Tenasserim, Jan. (W. Limborg).
Tenasserim.
S. Tenasserim.
Siam (Mouhot).
Pinang (Dr. Cantor).
Malacca (Dr. Cantor).
ti'-k". tf ad. sk.; Sumatra.
2 ad. (head
only) et pull.
lrr, m". $ 2 ad. Sumatra {Raffles).
sk.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
E. W.
Oates, Esq.
[C.].
E. W. Oates, Esq.
[C.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Cull.
J. 1). 0. Packman,
Esq. [P.].
Oates Coll.
Gould Coll.
India Museum.
India Museum.
Wallace Coll.
India Museum.
4. HYDEOCORAX.
Type.
Hydrocorax, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 565 (1760) H. hydrocorax.
Platyceros, Cab.fyHeine, Mm. IIei?i, ii. p. 174 (1800).. H. hydrocorax.
Bill large, strong, and somewhat curved i casque large, boat
355
BUCEKOTIDJS.
shaped, and flat-topped, extending backwards an inch, or more behind
the vertical from the eye ; the anterior end either considerably
elevated, and forming an obtuse angle -with the middle of the
culmen, or sloping clown anteriorly till it becomes almost confluent
with it; sides of the throat naked ; tail-feathers subequal, uniform
white stained with buff; crest moderate, rather hairy; size large.
Ranger. Philippine Islands.
Kiti to the Species.
I, Anterior part of casque raised above the culmen.
a. Bill and casque entirely rote-red. .». hydrocorcu\ p. 358.
b. Anterior half of bill whitish.
mindancn^h, p. 359.
II.
Anterior pair of casque not raised above culmen
,. , , ».. htmignhatm7 p.300.
1. Hydrocorax hy&rocorax.
Le Calao, Brhs. Orn. iv. p. 5U8, pL xlv. (17U0).
Ltj Calao de^ Moluque-, Bavhent. PL Ln). no. 2^3; Buff. Ilht. Nat.
Oh. Mi. p. 147 (17^0).
Philippine Ilornbill. lar. A, Lath. Gin. Syn. i. p. 345 "adult" {17^).
Indian llombill, Lath. (hn. Syn. L p. 351 imiraiuiv"] 17^1).
Le Calao IIMUS, Le<cutl. JIM. Kat. d'Oh. tAmer. i. p. 13,
pi. \ M ls01).
Le Calao a C^que Tlat Livatll Hid, Sat Oh. d\l/r. i. p. 157,
pi. i>4ou-oi;j.
Duceroa lndroeorax, Linn. Si/st. Kai. L p. 153 I1700} ; JrVv£. IurL
Zool. p. 40 (17bl): Gm. S. X i. p. 35U (17^): Lttk. In*). Om.l
p. 144 {17W): hhaic, Gen. ZMI \n\. p. 31 (Wl); Vhlll X
Bid. (Fllist. Xat. iv. p. o«J7 {l^VH : Temm. PL Co), ii. p. 73,
pi. 2S3 (lH24l; Waf/L St/st. Ai\ Bucero, no. 7 flH27j; £«>•*.
Trait e Orn. p.^ 254'{1531); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. :ii»U (1847);
Blyth. Cat. Birds Mm. A*. Soc. p. 43 (ls£9f: Buna p. Consp.
Gen. At. i. p. h9 (INJO): SchL Mus. Pay#-Ba% l. I>tic^rt»s p-(
181)2); Tun Mart. J. / O. p. 1- (l*l»0); Wakhn. 7W/n. Z. S.
ix. p. li44 (lb73); Tintd. P. Z. S. Ifc77, pp. 543 & Citf; titrtre.
List Birds ir Manun. Philippines, p. 13 {lbt)0,; IZarttrt, Cat.
Mus. Senclenh Frank/, p. 140 (IStfl).
Platyceros hydroc »rax, Cab. fy llei?ien Mus. Hein. ii. p. 174 CISCO).
Buceros (Ilvdroeorax) hvdrocorax, Grau, Haad-L B. pt. ii. p. 138,
sp. 7884 (1870); Bubais, Bull. Mus. Belg. ill. p. 195 (leS4j.
Bucero> bicornis, \ar., Shaic, Gmi. Zool. viii. p. 17 (Ifcll).
Bueercs planicornis, Merrem, Ersch u. Gruber. EncyeL xlil. p. 2c7
(1824). J i
Hydrocorax planicornis, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854)
Elliot, Monogr. Bxtcerot pi. vii. [text} {1877).
Buceros plafyrhynchus, Pears. J. As. Soc. Bing p. 652 (1841).
Adult wale. Upper part of the head, cheeks, chin, and breast
black; throat white, shading gradually into the chestnut of the rebt
of the head, neck, and chest; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, wing-
coverts, and two outer secondaries dirty brown, mixed with rufous
4 . HYDRGCOJLUX.
359
in places, the latter edged on both, webs with buff; primaries and
rest of secondaries black, tho latter with a narrow edge of buff on
the outer web; thighs rufous; crissum and under tail-coverts
bright buff; tail white, but frequently discoloured so as to appear
pale buff; the entire casque and bill are blood-red: " naked skin
round eye yellow; iris red; feet brownish-rod; nails black " (A. H.
Everett). Total length 37 inches, wing 16, tail 12-7, tarsus 2*3.
Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 36 inches,
wing 15, tail 11-6, tarsus 2-2.
Young. Cheeks and upper parts of head blackish ; rest of head
and neck, rump, thighs, crissum, and under tail-coverts yellowish
white mixed with rufous; breast and belly yellowish white mixed
with, blackish grey; back, wing-coverts, scapulars, and outer secondaries
reddish brown, the wing-coverts tipped and the scapulars and
secondaries margined with buff; primaries and rest of secondaries
brownish black, margined on the outer web and tipped with buff;
basal two-thirds of tail-feathers reddish brown, margined in all
except the middle pair with black; bill and casque dark black,
except the base of the lower mandible and the extreme tip of the
bill, which are blood-red.
llab. Luzon, Marinduque ; Philippine Islands.
a, b. $ ad. sk. Monte Alban, Luzon, March Tweeddale Coll.
c-e. (S 2 ad. etimm. sk.
f-h. Ad. et imm. st.
(A. K. Everett),
Luzon, Feb., April (A. B.
Meyer).
Philippines.
Tweeddale Coll.
H. Cuming, Esq. [P.].
2. Hydrocorax mindanensis.
Buceros mindanensis, Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 543 & 823 j ibid.
1878, p. 278, figs. 1 & 2, & p. 946, & 1879, p. 70; ticlater, Chall. p. 15,
pi. ill. (1880); Steere, List Birds $ Mamm. Philippines, p. 13
(L890).
Hydrocorax
mindanensis, Elliot, Monogr. Bucerot. pi. viii. [text]
(1880).
Buceros (Hydrocorax) hydrocorax, var. mindanensis, Dubois, Bull
Mus. Belg. iii. p. 196 (1884).
Adult male. The plumage does not differ from that of II. hydrocorax\
and the only differences between the two besides the somewhat
smaller size of the present species lie in the shape of the
casque, which is only three-quarters as wide as that of H. hydrocorax,
and the colour of the bill, of which two-thirds of the maxilla
and three-quarters of the mandible are white anteriorly; naked
skin round eye sooty black, yellow just below the eye, gular skin
yellow; iris light yellow (light green in living bird); feet coral-
red : nails dark brownish grey {A. E. Everett). Total length 31
inches, wing 15*4, tail 12*4, tarsus 2-2.
Adult female. Does not differ from the male. Total length 31
inches, wing 14*6, tail 11*5, tarsus 2*2.
Young. Upper part of head and cheeks black - feathers on chin
300
UrcSROTIPJE.
and breast white, blackish grey at base; rest of head, neck, rump,
belly, flanks, and tail-coverts white mixed with rufous; back,
upper wing-coverts, scapulars, and outer secondaries brown, the
three latter widely tipped, and the last-named also widely margined
on both webs with white; rest of secondaries and primaries blackish
brown, with a white margin on the outer web, gradually increasing
in width on the outer secondaries; under wing-coverts brownish
buff; middle feathers of tail have basal two-thirds brown, and the
rest the basal half dull chestnut; the remainder of the feathers
white ; casque rudimentary; bill black, yellowish at the tip; naked
skin round eye and on gular region yellow; legs grey-green (in
skin).
Bab. Mindanao, Basilan ; Philippine Islands.
a-c. cS S ad.sk. Surigao,May {A.H.Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
d J ad. sk. Butuan, May (A. IL Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
e, f. $ ad.; J Zamboanga," March (A. H. Tweeddale Coll.
hum. sk. Everett).
ff-i. 6 9 ad. et Zamboanga. Chatter ger Exped.
iram. sk. (Types of the species.)
k, I J $ ad. sk. Basilan, May (A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
3. Hydrocorax semigaleatas.
Buceros
semigaleatus, Tweeddale, P Z. S. 1678, p. 279, figs. 3 k 4,
pp. 341, 379; Steere, List Birds $ Mamm. Philippines, p. 13 (1890).
Hvdiocorax semigaleatus, Elliot, Monogr. Bucerot. pi. ix. [text]
"(1882).
Buceros (Hydrocorax) hydrocorax, var. semigaleatus, Dubois, Bull.
Mus. Belg. iii. p. 196 (1884).
Adult male. Scarcely differs in plumage from the last two species,
but the white throat instead of shading gradually into the chestnut
below, as it does in H. lujdrocorax and H. mindaneasis, is sharply
defined ; the coloration of the casque and bill is the same as in the
latter species, and the real claim of the present species to specific
distinction lies in the shape of the casque, the front part of which is
pointed (like a quill pen) and continuous with the line of the
culmen, whereas in both the allied species the anterior end of the
casque tapers gradually to a blunt boat-shaped point which rises
high above the culmen and joins it at right angles; naked skin
round eye darkest sepia, almost black; gular skin dark indian
yellow; iris light yellow (light green in living bird); feet eoralred;
nails dark brownish grey (A. H. Everett), Total length 81
inches, wing 14*8, tail 12, tarsus 2*3.
Adult female. Does not differ in plumago from the male. Total
length 3i inches, wing 13*8, tail 11, tarsus 2*1.
Young, Similar to that of H. mindanensis, except that the outer
tail-feathers have not the basal half chestnut, although the middle
feathers are the same.
In older examples of both sexes, when the adult plumage has
been nearly attained the bill is jet-black, the yellow tip of the young
5 . ANTHKACOCEKOS.
30 1
having disappeared, and the anterior part of tlio casque is distinctly
raised above the line of the culmen.
Hab. Samar, Panaon, Leyte; Philippine Islands.
a-d. <$ $ ad. et S. Leyte, Sept. (A. H. Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk. Everett). (Types of the species.)
e-g. (S ? ad. et S. Leyte, Sept. A. H. Everett, Esq.
imm. sk. [0.].
h-h. J $ ad. et Amparo, July, Aug. (A. JET. Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk. Everett).
I J ad. sk. Panaon, Oct. A. H. Everett, Esq.
[0.].
m. 6 ad. sk. Panaon, Oct. (A. II. Everett), Tweeddale Coll.
n-o.
Skeleton. S. Leyte. A. H. Everett, Esq.
[C.].
5. AOTHBAC0CEEOS.
Type.
Anthracoceros, Reich. Syst. Av. pt. xlix. (1849) .. A. malabaricus.
Tlydrocissa, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 90 (1850). A. monoceros.
Linmophalus, Elliot, Hon. Bucerot. pi. 25 [text]
(1872)
A. montani.
Bill large, curved and compressed; casque large or very large,
subcrescentic, somewhat swollen posteriorly, and extending an inch
or more behind the vertical from the eye; compressed and elevated
anteriorly, extending over the basal throe-fifths of, and forming an
obtuse angle with, the culmen; middle of throat feathered; a wide
naked patch of skin on either side; crest moderate; tail wedge-
shaped, white (A. montani) or with middle pair of tail-feathers
black, outer pairs white or black with wide white ends.
Range. Indo-Chinese Countries, Malayan Peninsula, Java, Sumatra,
Borneo, and Sooloo.
Key to the Species.
I.
Centre pair of tail-feathers black or black tipped
with white.
A. Outer pairs of tail-feathers white.
a. Casque with a great black patch extending
over the greater part. [p. 3(32,
a'. Casque black posteriorly coronatm 3,
b'. Casque not black posteriorly ooronatus j ?
b. Casque with a moderate black patch situated [p. 362.
on the anterior part.
cr. Bill white, with a black patch at the base
of the mandibles conv&vus <? ?
d'.
Bill black at the extremity; a dull red [p. 3G4.
patch in front of the black at the base of
the lower mandible convexus §,
B.
Outer pairs of tail-feathers black with white [p. 3(3-1.
ends.
c. Breast and belly black, [p. 368.
e'. Eyebrow white malayanus tf ,
f. Eyebrow ffrev malayanus $,
J [p. 868.
362
BUCEEOTID-E.
d.
Breast and belly white.
(J.
Size larger. ' Posterior end of casque and "^ qffinis, p. 366.
I mandibles black, S • »
ti.
Size smaller, 1 Anterior part of bill black; [ malabaricys,
j a dull red patch in front of f wp. 365.
I the black at the base of }
\ the lower mandible, P, J
II. Whole tail pure white
moutani. p. 370.
1. Authracoeeros coronatus.
Le Calao de* Philippines, Baubent. PL EnL pi. <-73.
Le Calao de Malabar, Buff. EH. Nat. fJi's. \ll. p. I4r), pi. TiiL (1730).
Le Calao de la Cote de Malabar^ Sona. Toy. Intl. Orient, ii. p. 21o
pi. 121 (1782).
Pied Ilornbill, Lath. Gen. Syn. SuppL i. p. 69 (17-7).
Green-winded Hurnbill, Lath, (rea. Syn. SuppL i. p. 73 (17b7).
Le Calao iinicorne, Levaill. Hi>t. Nat. d'Ois. CAnier, L p. 30, pi*, ix.,
x.,xi. (1801).
Le Calao \iolet LevailL Hist Nat. d'Oh. FAmer. I p. 30, pi. 10
(1-01).
Bueero^ curonatu^ Bndd. TahL PL Eul. p. o3 (L -31: (rrmt. 6V*/. Z>\
Ii. p. 30U (1-47); Ifo/'tf. J.f.O. KM p. 2-i>: >V///. 3///,. I%>/
»V/v. i. iJiim-u-, p. r» (1^52} :* A7fc. I*t'fi/l. It//// Me. p. 1<J2 ti^s '7);
frV,vW. P. X, S. 1S7L\ p. 4fU. ,V* 1*7:), p. 0&>/iijr. 2.
Ihdroriwi t- jioiuta, II»t\f. X Moure, (hf. II. Mi/<. E. Ind. Co. ii.
p. .3H,5 (ISitJ--;; Cab V Him. J///N. JX///. ii. p. 170 tl-U0|;
Jtr//. /»'• iV/. i. p. 245 {l^'d\; Z//V///. 2/««, 1 - 10, p. 340: lLMm\
P. Z. S. 1-72, p. 425; Bait Sfr. if. ii. p. 3-7 f 1-74}, Oc III. p. 2U0
(lb7o); i^//^. ,ViV. P. iv. p. 254 i1-70); Hume, Str. F. vii.
p. 204(1-7-}; iW/o*. CW. if. tf. liv/tibw/ Pni. p. 20(16-0);
HV/«/, Mr. F. ix. p. 5] | 1--0J; Ztotft/% ,M,\ F. ix. p. 3SJ {Ib^O);
Baribwu Sir. F. x. p. 352 il--3).
Anthracucyr< rs coronatu*, Iltick.Sjpt. Ai\ pi. xlix. (1650J: Elliot,
MOM. Bitetrof. pi. xL text*" (l&77t: Parker* Sir. F. ix. p. 478
(1--0;; *V7. ifoa, 1--0. p. 1-4.
Bucero^
(H\dioci—a) coronams £^w/, Hand-L B. ii. p. 127, sp.
7b72 (1-70).
Bucero* (Antbracocero-) coronatus, J)uboi\ Bull. Mus. Belg. iii.
p. 196 (18-4J.
Bueeros
pica, Scop. DiL Faun, et Flor. Imitbr. ii. p. 67 (1786);
Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 300 "part"* (1847); Bhftk, J. As. Soe. Beng.
xvi. p. 003(1847); Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. As. Sue. p. 43 (lb40j;
Tickell, Lbi% 1&64? p. 170; Bi/tonf Osteol. Au. p. 02 fl^07).
Hydi%ocife&a pica, Bonap. Ojn*p, Gen, Ar, i p. iiO (16*30); id. Grasp.
*Vol. Anisod. p, 2 <l^o4).
Bueeros
malaburicus, Tar. j3 and y, Lath. Ind. Oni. i. p. 143 (1790);
Dumont, Bicf. Sc. Nat vi. p. 205 (1817); Tirkell, J. As. Soc, Beng.
ii, p. 570 (1833); Jerd. Mad. J. p 3^ (1S40); Bfyth, J. As. Soe.
Beng. xii. p. 1>03 (1843); Lauard, Ami. Mag. N. II. (2) xiii.
p. 260 (1847).
Bueeros dsehindsclaicu*, Lath, et Earns, Faun. Ind, p. 6 (1795).
Bueeros yiolaceus, Shaw, Gen. Zooi. \iii. p. 18^(1811); Tieill N.
Diet cVIIist Nat. iv. p. 509 (lhl<>); Dumont, Diet Sc. Nat vi.
p. 211 (1817); 7w . P/. CW. ii bp. 0 "tuxt" (1823); Wagl.SysL
An. Bueeros, no. 9 (1827); r/r«y? Gen. £>\ ii. p. 300 (1847); Blyth,
5 . ANTHRAC0CER08.
303
J. As. Soc. Beng. xviii. p. 803 (1849); Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 128,
sp. 7878 (1870).
Hydrocisaa violaceus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 90 (1850).
Hydrocissa (Anorrkinus) violaceus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2
(1854).
Buceros monoceros, 8haw} Gen. Zool. viii. p. 8 (1811) ; Temm. PL
Col. ii. sp. 11 [text] (1823); Wagl. Syst Av. Buceros, no. 2 (1827);
Beglie, Malay Pen. p. 513 (1834); Mull, fy Sold. Ver. Ges. Ned.
2nd. p. 22 (1839-44).
Hydrocissa
monoceros, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 90 (1850) j id.
Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854).
Adult male. Head, middle of chin and throat, neck, back, rump, "
upper tail-coverts, wing-coverts, and upper chest deep black glossed
with dark greenish blue ; primary and secondary quills black with
narrow white bases and wide white extremities, except the two
first primaries and the last three secondaries, which are black at
the extremity; front of shoulders, breast, belly, thighs, and under
tail-coverts white ; tail with two central rectrices black, sometimes
tipped with white, and the rest pure white; casque and bill wax-
yellow, the former with a great black patch extending from the
anterior end to within one-fifth of the posterior extremity, which is
also black; base of mandibles black ; naked skin blackish round the
eye ; gular region kid-white ; iris orange-red; legs and feet grey.
Total length 37 inches, wing 13*1, tail 12*7, tarsus 2-5.
Adult female resembles the male adult in plumage, and only
differs in having the posterior extremity of the casque yellow
instead of black, and the naked skin round the eye the same colour
as the gular region : " iris brown; legs and feet grey; gular skin kid-
white." Total length 33 inches, wing 12-4, tail 12*4, tarsus 2*5.
Young differ from the adult in having the basal half of the outer
rectrices black. As maturity is reached this black gradually and
irregularly disappears, beginning with the outer pair of feathers;
sometimes one of the outer tail-feathers is pure white, while the
corresponding one on the other side is still suffused with black at
the base.
A specimen from Ceylon with slightly developed casque has all the
outer tail-feathers pure white. Wing 11*2 inches, tiii 10*9.
Blab. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon.
a-c. Ad. etimm. sk. Behar. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
[p.].
d-g. <$ ? ad. sk. Seoni. Hume Coll.
h-r. S ? ad. et Raipur, Jan., Dec. Hume Coll.
imm. sk.
s, t. c? ? ad. sk. Muddur, Mysore, Jan., July. W. Davison,Esq.[P.*'.
w, v. <$ 2 ad. sk. Ratnagiri, Mar., Nov. * Hume Coll.
w. $ ad. sk. S. Konkan, Nov. (G. Vidal). Hume Coll.
i\ Ad. sk. Anjango, Travancore, Dec. Hume Coll,
y-a'. Ad. etimm. Ceylon (II. Nevill). Tweeddale Coll.
sk.
b'. Skeleton.
364 BUCEROTID^.
2. Antliracoceros convexus.
Buceros albirostris, Horsf. ^%e&^$km&) Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 175
(1822).
Hjdrocissa albirostris, Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 58j Guillem. P. Z. S.
1885, p. 406.
Buceros convexus, Temm. PL Col ii. p. 82, pi. 530 " 2 1 (1832);
Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 399 (1847); Motley $ Dillw7 Nat, Mist
Labuan, p. 53 (1855); Schl. yius. Pays-Bus, i Buceros, p. 7
(1862) ; Gray, Hancl-l B. ii. p.. 127, sp. 7873 (1870); Sclater, Bev.
Libt Vert. Aaim. p. 172 (1872); Sndtetaan in Vetlis Midden-
Sumatraj iv. p. 33 (1887).
Hjdrocissa convexa, Horsf. 4* Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. Ind. Co. ii.
p. 591 (1856-8) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 448; Cab. # Seine,
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 170 (1860); Satvad. Ucc. Borneo, p. 80 (1874);
Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 7, 1879, p. 246 ; Hume, Sir. F. vii. p. 306
(1878).
Antliracoceros convexus, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 329; Elliot, Mon.
Bucerot. pi. 12 ^ioxf (1880); Nicholson, Ibi*, 1853, p. 240; Hartert,
J. f. O. 1889, p." 368; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 15 ; Elliot, Auk,
1891, p. 9.
Buceros (Antliracoceros) convexus, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii.
p. 197 (1884).
Buceros intermedins, Blyfh, J. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. p. 995 (1847),
xviii. p. 803(1849); id. Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 43 (1849);
Wall. Ami. Mag. N. H. (2) xv. p. 98 (1855).
Buceros violaceus, Hay {nee Shaw),Madr. Journ. xiii. p. 148 (1844).
Adult male. Head, middle of chin and throat, neck, hack, rump,
wing-coverts, upper tail-coverts, and upper breast deep Hack, more
or less glossed with dark bluish green; primary and secondary quills
black, with narrow white bases and wide white ends, except the
first two primaries and the last three or four secondaries; front of
shoulders, lower breast, belly, thighs, and under tail-coverts white;
tail with two centre reetrices black, sometimes tipped with white,
and the rest pure white: skin round the eye pale cobalt, behind
rich white ; legs and feet black ; eyes rich straw-colour; bill and
casque white, a patch on the anterior part of the casque and the
base of the mandibles black. Total length 31 inches, wing 12*3,
tail 12, tarsus 2*1.
Adult female. Plumage as in adult male. The casque is much
smaller, and the black at the anterior extremity extends over the
end of the bill and along the cutting-edges: there is a dull red patch
in front of the black at the base of the lower mandible. Total
length 28 inches, wing 11*4, tail 10*7, tarsus 2.
Young differ from the adult in having the basal half of the outer
reetrices black. As they become adult this black gradually disappears,
beginning with the outer pair of feathers. Sometimes one of the
outer tail-feathers is pure white, while the corresponding one on the
other side is still more or less black towards the base. Quite young
birds have the casque represented by a raised ridge, devoid of the
black patch which characterizes the adult. Young have the bill
dark pea-green, feet dark cobalt, eye not so dark as the old birds.
Hah. Malacca, Java, Sumatra, Borneo.
305
5 . ANTHKAC0CT3K0S.
a-d. $ ad. imm. Pinang (Br. Cantor). India Museum.
et pull. sk.
e. Imm. sk. Malacca (Dr. Maingay). Tweeddale Coll.
/, g. $ ad. et Malacca (JDr. Cantor). India Museum.
imm. sk.
7i. Imm. sk. Malacca, July. Hume Coll.
i.
S ad. sk. Singapore (A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
Jc.
cT ad. sk. Raw as Biver, Sumatra (II. 0. F. Nicliolsou, Esq.
Forbes).
[P.]
l~g. 6 $ ad. et Sumatra, Sept., Oct. (C. Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk.
r.
$ ad. sk. Sumatra. Wallace Coll.
s,t.
(S $ ad. sk. Labuan (H. Lotv). H. B. Sliarpe, Esq.
[P.].
24. c? ad. sk. Labuan. Purchased.
v-i. c^ 2 ad. sk. Sarawak. Wallace Coll.
V, *• 6 2 ad. sk. Lawas Hiver. Gov. Usslier [0.].
«'. $ ad. sk. Borneo. II. Low, Esq. [0.1.
fl'-<T. 6 2 ad. et E. Java. Wallace Coll. '
imm. sk.
e'. 3 ad. sk. E. Java (A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
/'. $ ad. sk. Java. Tweeddale Coll.
*</'. $ ad. sk. Java (Horsfield). India Museum.
/*'. Skeleton.
Purchased.
3. Anthracoceros malabaricus.
Pied Hornhill, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 349, pi. xi. (1781).
Le Calao a bee blanc, Levaill. Hist. Nat. d'Ois. FAmir. i. p. 29,
pi. xiv. (1801).
Buceros malabaricus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 859 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i.
p. 143 (1790); Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. iv. p. 599 (1816);
Raffi. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 291 (1822); Merrem, Ersch u. Gruber,
Encycl xiii. p. 285 (1824); Temm. PI. Col ii. sp. 11 [text] (1824);
Less. TraiU Orn. p. 254 (1831) ; McClell. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 164;
Mull. $ Schl. Verh Ges. Ned. Ind. iv. pp. 22, 28 (1839-44).
Anthracoceros malabaricus, Elliot, Hon. Bucerot. pi. 13 [text] (1877).
Buceros (Anthracoceros) malabaricus, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii.
p. 197 (1884).
Buceros
albirostris, Shaw & Nodd. Nat. Misc. xix. pi. 809 (17901813);
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 18 (1811) ; Vieill. N. Lid. d'Hist.
Nat. iv. p. 590 (1816); Merrem, Ersch u. Gruber, Encycl. xiii.
p. 282 (1824); Wagl. Syst. Av. Buceros, no. 11 (1827); Blyth,
J. As. Soc. Beng. xii. pt. ii. p. 995 (1843), xvi. p. 994 (1847) ; id.
Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. xviii. pp. 43, 803 (1849) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-
Bus, i. Buceros, p. 6 (1862); Blyth, Ibis, 1864, p. 412 ; Gray.
Hand-l. B. ii. p. 128, sp. 7874 (1870).
Buceros (Hydrocissa) albirostris, Tichell, Ibis, 1864, p. 179.
Hydrocissa albirostris, Horsf.fyMoore, Cat. B. Mus. E. Lid. Co. ii.
p. 589 (1856-8); Cab. $• Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 171 (1860);
Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 247 (1862) ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros,
p. 6 (1862); Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 351; Blanford, Ibis, 1870, p. 466 ;
Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 5; Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (1874) ; Blyth, B.
Burma, p. 68 (1875); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 102; Hume, Str.
F. iii. p. 55 (1875); Ball, Str. F. iii. p. 290 (1875); Blyth $
Wald. J. As. Soc. Beng. xliv. extra no. p. 68 (1875); Sharpe,
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 102; Hume, 'Str. F. v. p. 20 (1877); Bingham,
Str. F.v. p. 84 (1877); Wardlaiv Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p. 455;
366
BUCEROTIDJE.
Hume $ Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 100 (1878); Hume. Str. F. vii. p. 204
(1878); Anderson, Zooh F.vp. W. Yunnan, ii. p. 577 (1878) ;
Oates, Str. F. \ii. p. 46 (1878) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 246; Bingham,
Str. F. -viii. p. 462 (1879), ix. p. 158 (1880) ; Oates, Str. F.
x. p. 189 (1882); Hume, Sir. F. xi. p. 51 (1888).
Antkracoceros aJbirostris, Oates, B. Brit. Burmah, ii. p. 90 (1883):
id. Hume's Nests $ Fggs Ind. B. iii. p. 72 (1890).
Buceros nigralbus, Hodc/s. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus. Passeres, Ann
pi. 32 (no. 066) ; Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1831).
Buceros leucogaster, Blyih, J. As. Soc. Bang. x. p. 922 (1841), xii.
p. 177 (1843).
Buceros pica, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 399 [part.] (1847).
Buceros affinis (Sutton), Blyth, J. As. Soc. Beng. xviii. p. 803 (1849) ;
id. Cat. Mus. As. Soc. p. 43 (1849); Gray, Hand-l B. ii. p. 128,
sp. 7875 (1870).
Hydrocissa affinis, Jerd. B. Ind. I p. 247 (1862); Blyth, Ibis, I860,
p. 349 j Hume, Str. F. vii. p. 205 (1878).
Hydrocissa coronata, Godwin-Austen, J. As. Soc. Beng. xiv. p. 95
"(1875).
Anthracoceros fratereulus,
Elliot, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5) i. p. 85
(1878); id. Mon. Bucerot. pi. xiv. [text] (1882).
Himalayan Race (A. affinis).
Adult male. Head, middle of chin and throat, neck, back, rump,
upper tail-coverts, wing-coverts, and upper chest black glossed with
dark bluish green ; primary and secondary quills black, with narrow
white bases and wide white extremities, except the first two primaries
and last three or four secondaries, which are black at the
extremity; front of shoulders, breast, belly, thighs, and under tail-
coverts white; two centre tail-feathers black, tipped with white,
lateral feathers with about the last quarter pure white : casque and
bill light yellow; anterior extremity of the former with a large
Iblack blotch extending onto the maxilla, posterior extremity black,
also base of mandibles and cutting-edges; naked skin round eye and
on gular region " sickly white :" iris reddish brown; legs and feet
dark plumbeous (67. King). Total length 33 inches, wing 1:2*5,
tail 12, tarsus 2*2.
Adult female similar to the male in plumage. It differs in the
coloration of the bill, the black patch on the anterior of the casque
extending not only on to the maxilla but being continued to its
extremity ; a reddish-brown patch in front of the black at the base
of the lower mandible: " iris reddish brown; legs and feet plumbeous
" (6?. King). Total length 28 inches, wing 11-3, tail 11-2,
tarsus 2.
Young differ from the adults only in size and in the smaller size
of the casque, which is paler yellow and has much less black about
it; the naked skin on the face is pale pinkish, with a bluish tinge.
a. (S ad. sk. Indian Archipelago. Hardwicke Bequest.
b-r. <$ $ ad. et Dehra Bhoon, Jan., Feb., Dec. Hume Coll,
imrn. sk. (67. King),
s, t. Imm. sk. Mussooree. Hume Coll.
u-iu. <$ § ad. sk. Siwalik; March (Scott). Tweeddale ColL
5 . ANTHKAC0CER0S.
x. 5 imm. sk. Siwalik, June. Hume Coll.
y. $ ad. sk. Gurgaon, March (W. N. Chill). Hume Coll.
*-&'. 6 $ ad. et Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
imm. sk. [P.].
<•', d'. <$ ad. et Nepal {B. H. Hodgson). India Museum.
imm. sk.
e'-g\ $ ad. et Darjeeling. Hume Coll.
imm. sk.
h'. (S ad. sk. Sikhim. Hume Coll.
t'W. tf 5 ad. et Bhotan Doars, Feb., Dec, (X. Hume Coll.
imm. sk. Mandelli).
m'. (S imm. sk. Dibrugkur, Assam, Jan. (J. JR. Hume Coll.
Ci'ipps).
n'-q'. <$ 2 ad. sk. Assam (J". McClelland). India Museum.
r'. tf ad. sk. Naga Hills (H. H. Godivin-Tweeddale Coll.
Austen).
«'-i''. c? 2a<i. sk. N. Khasia Hills, Jan., March, Tweeddale Coll.
Dec. (A. W.Chennell).
«(?', A*'. <^imm. sk. Cacliar (J. Inglis). Hume Coll.
y'. 2 ad. sk. Midnapur, Hume Coll.
c\ 2 acl-s^. Dacca. Hume Coll.
a", c^ ad. sk. Kyouk Phyou, April (J. ArmHume
Coll.
strong).
5". Imperfect Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
skeleton. [P.],
c". Skeleton. India. Eyton Coll.
d". Skeleton. Zool. See. ColL
Burmese Bace (A. malabaricus).
Identical in coloration to the Himalayan bird, from which it can
only be distinguished by its smaller size.
Adult male. Total length 29 inches, wing 10*7, tail 10*2,
tarsus 1-9.
Adult female. Total length 2§ inches, wing 9-9, tail 8*8,
tarsus 1*8.
Hah. Burma, Tenasserim, Siam, and Cochin China.
A nearly adult male specimen from Siam is identical with Elliot's
Antliracoceros fraterculus; the black blotch on the casque does not
extend on to the maxilla, and the size and other details agree. He
states that he has seen a series of specimens from Siam in the Paris
Museum, and that these cannot be separated from Indian examples,
from which they differ in size. The Siam specimen mentioned above
is precisely the same as Tenasserim examples, and differs only from
them in the bill being whiter • but in another fully adult male
specimen from the same country, as also in specimens from Cochin
China, even this difference is not apparent.
a-g. S 2 a(3-sk* Tonghoo, Jan., April, Dec. (JR. Tweeddale Coll.
G. W. it).
h. i. 6 ad. sk. Tonghoo, March. E. W. Oates, Esq.
[o.].
j-m. <$ 2 a^-sk- Tonghoo (Lloyd). Tweeddale ColL
n. <$ ad. sk. Kareen Hills, Sept. (JR. G. Tweeddale ColL
W. JR.).
o-q. d $ &(L sk. Rangoon, March. Hume ColL
368
BTJCEROTTDJ:.
r.
(5 ad sk.
s-u.
J ad. et
imm. sk.
v, to. 2 ad. et
imm. sk.
;r. $ ad. sk.
y. S ad. sk.
z-b'. $ $ ad. sk.
c'. (S imm. sk.
d', e', <S 2 Irani.
sk.
/'. ? ad. sk.
</'. § ad.sk.
A',«*. ? ad. sk.
#-»i'. tf 2 ad.et
imm. sk.
ri. 2 inani. sk.
o\ c? ad. sk.
JO'. <£ ad. sk.
q'. $ ad. sk.
r'. c? ad. sk.
5-5". d 2 ad. et
imm. sk.
c". c? ad. sk.
<£", e". c? ad. et
2 imm. sk.
/". 2 ad. sk.
g". 2 ad. sk.
h'\ <$ ad. sk.
i"~l". 6 2 ad-sk.
m". tf ad. sk.
w". c? ad. sk.
o". S ad. sk.
p",q"* 6 2ad.sk.
r". <? ad. sk.
*". Skeleton.
Rangoon, Dee, (JR. G. W. JR.).
Arrakan Hills.
Pegu.
Pegu.
Pegu, March (E. W. Oatei).
Pakpoon, Jan., Feb., Dec. (W.
Damson).
Salween Disk, Dec. (W. BJ).
Sal ween River, Aug. (JR.. C.
Beavan).
Tkoungyeen River, Oct.
Tkoungyeen River, March (C.
T. Bingham).
Kaukaryit, Sept., Oct. (J. Darling).
Thatone, Jan., Dec. (W. Dam
smi).
Assoon, March (W. D).
Assoon, Feb. ( W. Lwiborg).
Meetan, Feb. (W. Davison).
Karope, March (W. DJ).
Meeta Myo, April (W. DX
Amherst, Jan., Feb., March,
Julv, Dec. (W. D.).
N. of "Yea, March (W.DJ). -
Tavoy, March.
Malawoon, Feb.
Bankasoon, Dec. (W. Davison).
Pakchan, Jan. (IF. !>.).
Mergui, Nov. (W.DJ).
Tenasserim Town, Nov. (W.DJ).
Meklong, Siam.
Siam.
Cochin China.
Indian Archipelago.
Malacca.
TVeeddale Ooll.
Hume Coll.
E.
W. Gates, Esq,
[or.
W.T.
Blanford.E^q.
[P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
TVeeddale Coll.
C. T. Bingham, FWJ.
[C.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweedclale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Ilume Coll.
Hume Coll.
E. W. Gates, Esq.
[C.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
H. C. V. Hunter,
Esq. [P.].
Purchasedr
M. St. Pierre [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
4. Autkracoceros malayanus.
Buceros malayanus, JRaffi. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 292 (1822); Temm.
PL Col ii. p. 84 (1832); MuU. $ Schl. Ver. Ges. Ned. Ind. pp. 23
& 29 (1839-44); Sea/, Madr. /.xiii. p. 151 (1844); Gray, Gen. B.
ii. p. 399 (1847); Blyth, J. As. Soc. Beng. rvi. p. 995 (1847); id.
Cat. B. MILS. AS. SOC. p. 43 (1840); Wall Ann. Mag. N. JH. xv.
p. 98 (1855); Schl Mus. Pays-Basji. Buceros,p.7 (1862) ; Blyth.
Ibis, 1866, p. 352; Gray, HJamd-l. B. ii. p. 128, sp. 7879 (1870):
Sclat. List Vert. Anim. p. 225 (1877).
Hydrocissa malayana, Bonap. Consp, Gen. Av. i. p. 90 (1850); llorsf.
5 . ASTinUUOCEROS. 3(59
8/ .Woore, Cfc*. 5. MM*. 7?. //id Co. ii. p. 592 (183*1-58); Moore,
P. Z. & 1859, p. 448; Cab. $ Heine, Mm. Hem. ii. p. 170 (1860) ;
Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 384; Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 5G.
Hydroeissa (Anorrkinus) malayanus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2
'(1854).
Antkracoceroa malayanus, Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pi. 15 [text] (1877);
S/iarpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 10.
Buceros (Antkracoceroa) malayanus, Dubois, Bull. MMS. Belg. iii.
p. 198 (1884).
Buceros antracicus, Temm. PL Col. ii. p. 80, pi. 529 (1824).
. Buceros anJarjiticiw, Swains. Class. B. ii. p.Jd&0H(1837).&*)£
Buceros Tricolor, Eyion, P.Z.S. 1839, p. 104; Blyth, J. As. Soc.
Bong. xii. pt. ii. p. 599 [ J ] (1843).
Hydroeissa (Antkracoceros) bicolor, Bonap. Consp. Vol. A?iisod. p. 2
"(1854).
Buceros elliotti, Hay, Madr. J. xiii. pt. ii. p. 152 [ 2 ] (1844); Blyth,
J. As. Soc. Beng/xvi. p. 995 (1847).
Buceros nigrirobtris, Blyth, J. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. p. 995 (1847), xviii.
p. 803 [$ ] (1849); id. Cat. B. Mm. As. Soc. p. 44 (1849); Wall
Ann. Mat/. N. H. xv. p. 98 (1855); Gray, Ha?id4. B. ii. p. 128,
sp. 7881 (1870).
Hydroeissa nigrirostris, Horsf. 8/ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. Bid. Co. ii.
p. 593 (1856-58); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 449.
Admit male. "Wkole plumage black, with the exception of a wide
white superciliary stripe which commences above the eye and extends
to the occiput, and the last third of the four outer tail-feathers on
either side, which is pure white; the upper parts are glossed with
dark greenish blue: casque and mandibles yellowish white, the
posterior extremity of the former and the base of the latter black;
the nostril is surrounded by black; bare skin round the eye and on
the throat whitish blue; eyes reddish brown; legs and feet black.
Total length 32 inches, wing 12*5, tail 13*3, tarsus 2.
Adidt female. Differs only from the male in having the superciliary
stripe dark grey instead of white: naked space round eyes livid :
"iris greyish brown; feet black" (Cantor). Wing 12-2inches, tail
12*3, tarsus 1-8In
less mature specimens the size is smaller but the plumage is
as above, and the bill and casque in both sexes are blackish brown,
black towards the base; bare skin round eye and on the throat
fleshy pink; iris crimson-lake; legs, feet, and claws black. Total
length 30 inches, wing 12*4, tail 11-8, tarsus 1*9.
In still younger specimens the bill and rudimentary casque are
white, or black and white, and the white terminal part of the four
outer pairs of tail-feathers is spotted and mottled with black, some
feathers being occasionally quite black.
Hob. Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo.
a. $> ad. sk. ProvinceWellesley (Dr.Cantor). India Museum.
b. $ imm. sk. Kuroo (NativeState),Nov. (W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
c~e. <$ J ad. et Malacca, July. Hume OolL
imm. sk.
/ . c? ad. sk. Malacca. H. Cuming, Esq.[C.].
'g, h. $ ad. sk. Malacca. Capt. S. Pinwill [P.J.
VOL. XVII. 2 B
37 0
BTTCEItOTIBJS.
i~m. S 5 mrm. Malacca (Br. Maingay). Tweeddale CoL
sk.
n~q. S ad. et Malacca. Wallace Coll.
iraru. sk.
r, s. <$ § imm. Malacca (A. B. Wallace). Tweeidale Coll.
sk.
t, u. <$ § inini. Malacca. India Museum.
sk.
v-v. 5 a^- e t Malacca (Dr. Cantor). India Museum,
CJ1 J imm. sk.
y. 5 ad. sk. Sumatra. Wallace Coll.
z~e\ <$ J ad. et Sumatra, Sept., Oct. (C. Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk.
/' , / . ? ad. et Lavas River, N.W. Borneo Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk. (Gov. UssJter).
k'-f. 2 imm.sk. Lawas River, N.W. Borneo It. B. Skarpe, Esq.
(Treacher). ~P. ].
k'. 2 ad. sk. Baram. C.llose, E>q. [C.1.
Z\ tf ad. sk. Kina Balu. J. Whitehead," E-q.
yr.
m9 n'. <$ imm, Billiton. Tweeddale Coll.
sk.
o'-q'. $ ad. et Indian Archipelago.
imm. sk.
r'-ii. $ 2 ad. et No locality.
imm. sk.
v'. Imm. skeleton.
5.' Anthracoceros montaai.
Buceros montani, Oust. Bull. Held. Assoc. Scien. Fr. p. 203 (1NS0).
Limnophalus montani, Elliot, Mori. Bucerot. pi. :25 "text] (1S>2).
Buceros (Limnuphalus) niontani. Dabvia, Bull. 31 u^.'Belq. iii. p. 190
(1884).
Appears from Elliot's figure to belong to a species most nearly
allied to A. malayanus, and to he an immature bird in the middle
stage in which the bill and casque are black. It differs from
A. malayanus in having the tail pure white and the superciliary
region black.
Total length is said to be about 32 inches.
Hab* Sooloo.
6. aYMHOLJSMUS.
Bill large and curved. Casque as in Anthracoceros^ but more
compressed from above. Throat naked. Tail-feathers subequal.
Crest fairly developed.
Range, Palawan.
1. Gymuolaemus marchii.
Anthracoceros marchii,
Oustalet, Le Nat. 1885, p. 103 [read 20th
April].
Anthracoceros lemprieri, 8hai*pe, P. Z. S. 188-5, p. 446, pi. xxvi.
[read 5th May]; id. Ibis, 1888, p. 198, 1890, p. 45.
Adult male. Entire plumage black with the exception of the
7 . PENRLOPTDES,
37J
tail, which is white; the upper parts are glossed with dark bluish
green: casque and bill yellowish white, the only black patch being
at the base of the lower mandible; bare skin round the eye and on
the throat reddish yellow (in skin); legs and feet blackish.. Total
length 28 inches, wing 11-S, tail 9-4, tarsus 2'2.
Adult female. Eeserables the male, but the casque is less developed
and the size smaller. Total length. 24 inches, wing 10-4,
tail 8*5, tarsus 2*1.
IIah, Palawan.
a. (j1 ad. &k. Palawan. M. Lempriere [C.].
(Type of Antli. lemprieri, Rharpe.)
h, c. 5 ad. etimrn. sk. Palawan. * M. Lempriere [(\J.
7. PEFELOPIBES.
Type.
Penelojjides, Reich. Syst, Av. pi. xlix. (1849) P. panim.
Bill fairly large and curved. Casque moderate, compressed, and
somewhat elevated, covering the basal three fifths of the culmen
and not extending over the skull. Basal half of both mandibles
covered with a plate, and either or both transversely grooved. Tail
subequal, white (stained rufous), with wide black ends or entirely
black. Crest Moderate.
Mange. Celebes and the Philippine Islands.
Key to the Species.
I.
Belly rufous; base of both mandibles with
grooved plates panim <£, p. 372.
II. felly white tinged with buff.
CL
Base of both mandibles with grooved
plates; tail black, with a wide band of
white (stained rufous) across the middle,
upper parts brownish black mawill> <5, p. $73.
b. Base of upper mandible only with grooved
plate; tail with no black at the base,
upper parts brownish black glossed with
green mindorensis J % p. 374.
e. Base of lower mandible only with grooved
plate; upper parts black glossed with
green; tail with some black at the base.
a'. Upper tail-coverts black.
a". A black patch on the basal half of
the upper mandible affinis <$, p. 375.
b". Upper mandible flesh-coloured to
the base bmilanica $, p. 375.
b'.
Upper tail-coverts white tinged with
buff, like underparts; a black patch on
the basal half of upper mandible ... . samaremis 3, p. 376.
* The British Museum does not possess a female of this species, but Professor
Steere, in his ' List of the Birds and Mammals,' p. 13, says the females
differ only from the males in having the bare skin round the eye and at the
base of Jie mandibles dark blue instead of fle&h-coloured!
2R2
372
BUCEKOTIDJ:.
111. Belly Mack.
d.
Tail uniform black.
e. Throat and cheeks while exaratm S, p. 376.
d'. Throat and cheeks black exaratm $ , p. 370.
e.
Tail black, with a rufous band about an
inch wide across the middle; base of
both mandibles with proofed plates. .. . manlike J , p. 373.
/ . Tail rufous, widely tippe 1 with black and
more or less black at the base.
e'. Base of Loth mandibles with grooved
plates ; black at babe of tail almost obsolete
panini §, p. 372.
/' . Base of lower mandible only with I affinis $, p. 375.
grooved plate; black at base of tail--J basilamca $ , p. 375.
feathers marked ., ( samaremis 5 > p. 376.
1. Penelopides panini.
Le
Calao de lisle Panav, Daubent. PL Eril. no. 780 [ $ ] no. 781
[d]; Buff. Hist Kat. Oz>. vii. p. 145 (1780).
Le Oalao male a bac cisele de Vide Panay [ $ \ pi. 82, et Le Calao
femelle etc. [tf], pi. 83 ; Sonn. Voy. Xouv. Gain. p. 122 (1776).
Panayan Hornbill, £<7/A. Gen. Syn. i. p. 3o3 (1781).
Le Calao a bee cisele, LemilL Hist. Kat. d'Ois. VAmer. i. p. 35,
pis. x\i. & x\ii. (1801).
Buceros panini, Bodd. Tab. PL EnL p. 48 (1783) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii.
p. 400 [part.] (1847) ; ^fcw, Oafro/. Av. p. 63 (1807).
Penelopides panini, Cab. $ Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 108 "part]
(I860),-Waden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 100, j± xxriii. fig. 1 tf, fi«7. 2 $
(1875); BlUot, Monor/r. Bueerot. pi. 21 [text] (1&77); Steere,
List Birds # Mamm. "Philippines, p. 13 (1890).
Buceros (Penelopides) panini, F<w Martens. J.f.O. p. 18 (1366);
tV;w/, JSofw^-/. B. ii. p. 129, sp. 7892 (1870).
Buceros panayensis, Scop. Del. Faun. etFlor. In&ubr. ii. p. 87 (1786);
Gm. &I i p. 300 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 144 (1790);
Shaic, Gen. Zool. yiii. p. 33 (1811); Vieill. JY. Diet cTHist KaL
iv. p. 594 (1816); Temm. PL Col. ii. sp. 12 (1824); Merrem. Erseh
u. Gruber, Eneycl. p. 287 (1824).
Penelopides panayensis, Boiiap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 3 (1854).
Buceros insculptus, Dumont, Diet. 8c. Xat vi. p. 209 (1817).
Buceros sulcirostris, Wagl. Syst Av. Buceros, no. 13 [^ J ] (1827).
Tockus sulcirostris, Bonap. Co?zsp. Gen. Ai\ i. p. 91 (1850).
Penelopides sulcirostris, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 3 (1854).
Buceros (Penelopides) nianillae, var. panini, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg.
iii. p. 211 (1884).
Adult male. Top of the head, neck, and breast buffy white;
cheeks, ear-coverts, and feathered part of throat black; wings
and back black glossed with dark green ; belly rufous; rump, upper
tail-coverts, thighs, vent, and under tail coverts bright chestnut;
tail rufous-buff, with a wide terminal black band glossed with
green: naked skin round eye and on chin and throat flesh-colour;
bill and casque deep red, the base of the upper mandible with seven
transverse, that of the lower with five oblique ridges separated by
yellow grooves. Total length 23*5 inches, wing 10*3, tail 9,
tarsus 2.
7. PENnLOPlDlS.
373
Adult female. Head, neck, and undorparts dull black; back,
rump, upper tail-coverts, and wings black, glossed with dark green ;
tail like that of the male, but the outer web of the outside feather
is slightly black to the base; naked skin round the eye and on the
chin and throat purplish. Total length 22 inches, wing 9*0, tail 7*7,
tarsus 1*7.
Young female (without casque and only one riclge developed on
the base of tbe upper mandible). Differs from, the adult in having
the upper tail-coveits chestnut and the middle of the basal part of
the tail-feathers with more black ; naked skin round eye and on
throat white faintly tinged with bluish ; iris dull chestnut-brown ;
feet dark lead-grey with faint greenish cast, nails black; bill
brown, with olive-green tinge {A, II. Everett),
llab. Guimaras, Panay, Negros, Masbate, Philippine Islands.
a-d. S 2 ad. &k. Guimaras, March {A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll.
e. $ imm. sk. Valencia, Aug. {A. II. Everett). Tweeddale CM1.
2. Penelopides mamllse.
Le Calao de Manille, Daubent. PL JEnL no. 801; Buff. Mist, Nat
Ois. vii. p. 14-1 (1780).
Manilla Hornbill, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 334 (1781).
Le Calao a bee eisele, Levaitt. Hist Nat. cPOis. VAmer. i. p. 35
pi. xviii. (lfeOl).
Buceros manillse, Bodd. Tail PL JEnL p. 54 (1783).
Penelopides mamllse, Walden, Tr. Z. S. ix. p. 168 (1875); id. P. Z. S.
1877, p. 602 ; Elliot, Monogr. Bucerot.^l. 20[text] (1878); Steere,
List Birds fy Mamm. Philippines, p. 13 (1890).
Buceros (Penelopides) manillse, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 210
(1884).
Buceros manillensis. Gm. 8. N. i. p. 361 (1788); Lath. Lid. Orn.
i. p. 145 (1790); Vieill. N. Diet. d7IIist Nat iv. p. 596 (1816) ;
Dumont, Did. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 208 (1817); Meyen, Nov. Act. Ac.
C. L.-C. Nat. Cur. xvi. Suppl. prim. p. 91, pi. xiii. [ tf ad.] (1834) ;
Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Buceros, p. 11 (1862).
Buceros sulcirostiis, Wagl. Syst. Av. Buceros, no. J 3 [juv. TiriL]
(1827).
Buceros panini, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 400 Fpart.] (1847); v. Martens,
J.f.O. 1866, p. 18.
Penelopides panini; Cab. $* Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 168 [part.]
(1860).
Buceros
panayensis, Blyth {nee Scop.), J. As. Soc. Beng xvi. p. 997
(1847).
Adult wale. Top of the head and neck yellowish white; cheeks,
ear-coverts, and feathered part of throat black; back, rump, upper
tail-coverts, and wings brown more or less glossed with dull green,
most of the primaries, the secondaries, and their coverts narrowly
margined with buff on the outer web; breast, belly, thighs, and
under tail-coverts white tinged with buff; the basal half of the
tail is daik bro^n, and succeeded by a wide white band (stained
rufous) followed by a terminal black band glossed with green ; the
outer web of the outer tail-feathers is unifoim black: naked skin.
874
BCCEKOTID.E.
round eye and on chin and throat white; iris crimson ; feet and
nails dull black; casque transparent horn-brown; bill dark brown ;
the base of the upper mandible with five transyerse, that of the
lower with about four oblique ridges separated by ochre grooves.
Total length 207 inches, wing 9*2, tail 7*4, tarsus 1*7.
Young male differs from the adult in having the upper tail-coverts
chestnut and the buff edges to the quills and coverts much wider.
Adult female. Head and neck very dark brown; back, rump,
upper tail-coverts, and wings dark brown glossed with dull green ;
underparts brownish grey, tinged with buff on the breast; tail as in
the male adult; naked skin round eye and on chin and throat
purplish: iris brown ; legs and feet dull black ; bill and casque as
in the male. Total length 19 inches, wing 8*7, tail 7*3, tarsus 1*6.
Young female with half-developed casque differs from the adult
in having the underparts buff, edges of both the webs of the tail-
feathers margined with brown, and the upper tail-eoverts and the
ends of the feathers suffused with bright buff.
Hab. Luzon, Marinduque, Cataguam, Philippine Islands.
a. tf ad. sk. Monte Alban, Lugon, Feb. Tweeddale Coll.
(Everett),
b-e. <$ 2 ad. frt Luzun, Jan.,Feb. {Meyer), Tweeddale ColL
imm. sk.
f-i. S ? ad. et Manilla (Maitland-lleriot). Tweeddale ColL
imm. bk.
k-m. (S $ ad. et Cataguan. II. Cuming, Eb<$. [C._.
imm. st.
n-p.
<$ 2 ad- et Philippine Islands* Tweeddale Coll.
inim. sk.
q. $ ad. sk. Philippine Islands. II. Cuming, E>q. [CI.
r. ? ad. sk. Malabar (!). Mrs. Spinks [P._.
3. Penelopides mindorensis.
Penelopides mindorensis, Steere? List Birds § Mamm. Pltilippine$f
p. 13 (1890); Sartert, Cat. Mus. Senckmh Frankf p. 2-32
(1891).
Penelopides affinis sehmackeri, Sartert, Cat. Mus. Se?iekenb. Frankf,
p. 139 (1891).
Adult male. Is most nearly allied to P. panini, but differs from
that species in having the belly and under tail-coverts white, the
rump and upper tail-coverts black glossed with green, like the rest
of the back, and the upper mandible only with transversely grooved
basal plates. From P. manillm and affinis it differs (and resembles
P. panini) m having no black at the base of the tail. Total length
22*5 inches, wing 9*7, tail 8, tarsus 1*7.
Bab. Mindoro, Philippine Islands.
a. $ ad. sk. Manilla (?).
Tweeddale Coll.
b. c? ad. sk. Mindoro, June (Bourns). Steere Expedition,
v. cf ad. sit. Mindoro.
Steere Expedition.
7 . PENELOPIDES.
375
4. Penelopides affinis.
Penelopides affinis, Tweecld. Ann. Mar/. 2Vr. R. (4) xx. p. 534 (1877);
id. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 824, iig. 1; id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 947; Elliot,
3fon. Bmerot. pi. 22 [text part] (1881).
Buceros (Penelopides) manillae, var. affi.nis3 Dubois, Pull. Mus. Belg.
iii. p. 211 [part.] (1884).
Adult male. Top of the head and neck yellowish white; cheeks,
ear-coverts, and feathered part of throat black ; hack, rump, upper
tail-coverts, and wings black glossed with dark green ; breast, belly,
thighs, and under tail-coverts white tinged with buff: tail white
(stained rufous), with a wide terminal black band and some black
at the base of the feathers, sometimes a band nearly as wide as at
the extremity: naked skin round eye and on chin and throat white ;
iris crimson; feet greenish lead, nails greyish black ; basal half of
bill and casque dark brown ; rest of bill pale brown; base of the
lower mandible with three or four obliquely transverse yellow ridges
separated by dark brown grooves (A. H. Everett). Total length
1U"7 inches, wing 9*3, tail 7*7, tarsus 1-6.
Young male (with undeveloped casque) differs from the adult in
having the upper tail-coverts chestnut and the black band across
the end of the tail suffused with rufous.
Adult female. Head, neck, and underparts dull black; back, rump,
upper tail-coverts, and wings black glossed with dark green; tail
resembles that of the male : naked skin round eye and on chin and
throat dark blue; iris crimson ; feet dark greenish leaden (A. IT.
Everett). Bill and casque brown, base of lower mandible with
indistinct obliquely transverse grooves. Total length 19 inches,
wing 8-6, tail 6*9, tarsus 1*6.
Young female (with undeveloped casque) differs from the adult
in having chestnut upper tail-coverts and the black band across the
end of the tail suffused with rufous.
Hab. Mindanao, Philippine Islands.
a-c. 3 2 a(h et Surigao, Mindanao, May Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk. {Everett),
d-i. <$ $ ad. et Butuan, May (Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk. (Types of the species.)
h7l. <S 5 ad. bk. Zamboanga, March (Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
5. Penelopides basilanica.
Penelopides affinis, Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 70.
Penelopides basilanica, Steere, List Birds $• Mamm. Philippines, p. 13
(1890).
Adult male. Differs from the adult male of P. affinis in having
the upper mandible flesh-coloured to the base.
Adult female. Differs from the adult female of P. affinis in the
manner above mentioned.
Hal). Basilan, Philippine Islands,
a, b. 3 m\ ad., $ ad. sk. Ba&ilan, Juno (Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
376 BUCEROTID.L'.
b\ Penelopides samarensis.
Penelopides affinis, Tweeddale, P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 108, 341.
Penelopides samarensib, Steere, List Birds $ Mamn. Philippines,
p. 13 (1890).
Adult male. Differs from the adult male of P. affinis only In
having the upper tail-coverts buff-white, like the underparts.
Adult female. Resembles the adult female of P. affinis.
Hah. Samar, Leyte, Dinagat, Philippine Islands.
a, b. S 2 ad. sk. Samar, March (Worcester). Steere Expedition.
c, d. $ ad. et iniro. South Leyte, Sept. A. H. E\ erett, Esq. [C.].
Ska
e~h. <$ $ ad. et South Leyte, Sept., Oct. Tweeddale Coll.
mini. sk. (Everett).
i, Jc. J S ad. sk. Amparo, July (Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
/, w. c? S ad. sk. Dinagat Is., June (Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
n, o. Skeleton. S. Leyte. A.H. Everett,Esq.[O.J.
7. Penelopides exaratus.
Buceros exazhatus, Temm. PL Col. ii. p. 91, pi. 211 ~$j (lfc^l);
Wayl. tiyst. Av. Buceros, no. 15 (1827); Mull. $ 8chl. Verh. Oes.
Ned. Lid. p. 23 (1830-44); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 400 (1847); S'chL
Mm. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 10 (1802) j Gray, Iland-L B. ii.
p. 128, sp. 7b^0 (1870).
Buceros exarhaettis, Blyth, J. As. Soc. Betty. xu. p. 097 (1847).
Buceros exaratus>, Bli/i/i, Cat. B. Mux. As. Hoc. p. 44 (1849); Wald.
Tr. Z. S. Tiii. p. 47, pi. v. figs. 1 [ tf] & 2 [Q] (lb72); Lenz,
J.f.O. 1877, p. 370; Meyer, Ibis, 1879," p. tfo.
Hydrocissa exaratus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 90 (1850); Elliot,
"Monoyr. Bucerot. pi. xhi. Ltexf (187b).
Anorrhinute ex<u\itu&, Boiiap. Vunp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854).
Buceros (Hvdrocissa) exaratus, Dubois, Bull. Mas. Bely. iii. p. 210
(1884).
Adult wale. Lores, superciliary stripe, cheeks, sides of head, and
throat white; rest of plumage black, the back, rump, wings, tail,
and breast (slightly) glossed with dark green : naked skin round
eye and on throat golden yellow; iris reddish brown; legs and
feet black; casque reddish brow n, maxilla and base of mandible
yellowish white, rest darker: base of the mandible with four or five
transverse ridges separated by several quadrate black interspaces.
Total length 21 inches, wing 9-3, tail 7*4-, tarsus 1*7.
Adult female. All the plumage black; back, rump, wings, and
tail, and some of the feathers of the breast and flanks (slightly)
glossed with dark green: naked skin round eye and on throat
black; iris brown ; legs and feet black; bill yellowish; casque
golden brown. Total length 19*7 inches, wing 8*7, tail 7, tarsus
1*6.
Bob. Celebes.
a. 2 ad. sk. Celebes. Purchased.
b. <$ imxn. st. Celebes. Purchased.
C. CKANOKRHINUS.
Oil
c-e. S 2 afl* s^- Menado (P. tan Dui- Tweeddale Coll.
venbode).
/ . $ ad. sk. Menado. Hume Coll.
ff. ? ad. sk. Menado. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.].
h, i. d ? ad. sk. Macassar. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [^-J*
k. <3 ad. sk. No loc. Edward Wilson, Esq. [P.].
8.
CRAlTORRHIinJS.
Type.
Cassidix, Bonap. (nee Less.) Consp. Gen. An. i. p. 90
(1850) , C. cassidix.
Cranorrhinus, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 173 (1860). C. cassidix.
Bill large, curved and compressed ; casque elevated in front and
rounded off behind, covering the basal two fifths of the culmen, and
extending over the skull to above or behind the eye, subcylindrical
and smooth, or somewhat compressed and transversely folded; the
base of both mandibles, or the lower only, covered with a plate and
transversely grooved. Throat naked. Tail-feathers subcqual, white,
or white with the bases or ends or both black. Crest moderate or
well-developed.
Range. Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes, and Philippine Islands.
Key to the Species*.
I.
A grooved plate at the base of both mandibles;
tail white , cassidix, p. 377.
II.
A grooved plate at the base of the lower
mandible only.
a. Tail with basal third black, rest white corrugatus, p. 879.
b. Tail white with black tip
leucocephalus, p. 378.
c. Tail white (stained rufous), the basal third
and the tip black waldeni, p. 380.
1. CrauorrMrrus cassidix.
Buceros cassidix, Temm. PI Col. ii. p. 66, pi. 210 (1823); WaglSyst,
Ad. Buceros, no. 3 (1827); Griff. Anim. King. ii. p. 434, pi.
(1829); Less. Traite Orn. p. 253 (1831); Mull $ Schl Verh. Gee.
Ned. Ind. p. 24 (1839-44); Gray, Gen. Birds, ii. p. 399 (1847) ;
Schl Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 9 (1862),
Calao (Cassidix) cassidix, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 90 (1850).
Rhyticeros (Cassidix) cassidix, Bonap. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 3
(1854).
Cranorrhinus cassidix, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 173 (I860);
Mull. $ Schl Verh. Ges. Ned. Ind., Aves, p. 24, pi. 4 bis [ $ ] (183944);
Wallace, Malay. Arch. i. p. 364 (1869); Wald. Tr. Z. S. viii.
p. 47, figs. 1-4 (1872); Lenz, J.f.O. 1877, p. 370; Elliot, Mon.
Bucerot. pi. 16 [text] (1877) ; Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 65 j Guillemard,
P. Z. S. 1885, p.^54; id. Marchesa, ii. p. 188 (1886).
Buceros (Cranorrhinus) cassidix, Gray, Hand-l B. ii. p. 129 (1870);
Dubois, Bull Mus. Belg. iii. p. 192" (1884).
* Males bave the head coloured ; in the females it is black.
378
BTJGEEOTIDiE.
Adult male. The top of the head and nape deep chestnut; rest of
head, neck, and upper chest buff or yellowish white; tail white;
rest of plumage black, the upper parts glossed with dark green:
bare skin round eye blue, on chin brownish ; that on throat bluish
white, crossed by a dark blue line ; feet black ; iris light brown to
red ; casque deep red ; bill orange-yellow except at the base, which
is dark red, crossed by three or more obliquely transverse ridges
separated by black grooves. Total length 38 inches, wTing 17*3,
tail 12*2, tarsus 2*4.
Adult female. Differs from the male in having all the plumage of
the head and neck black, and in the casque being orange-yellow
like the anterior part of the bill. Total length 36 inches, wing 16,
tail 10*5, tarsus 2*3.
Hab. Celebes.
a. cT ad. sk. Gilolo (R. vanDuiuenbode). Tweeddale Coll.
b-cl. $
J ad. Menado (B. van Duiven- Tweeddale Coll.
bk. bode),
e. S ad. sk. Menado. Tweeddale Coll.
/. 2 ad. sk. Celebes. Gould Coll.
*<7,t A. c5" 5 ad. sk. Macas>ar.
A. II. Wallace, Ei>q. [C.I
i. Ad. sk. Ko loc.
Edward Wilson, Esq. LP.].
2. Cranorrhinus leucocephalus.
Buceros leucocephal us, Vieill. X. Diet, d"Hist. Nat. iv. p. 592 (181<>).
Cranoirhurns leucccephalus, Wald. Tr. Z. S. p. 105, pi. xxvli. (1875);
id. P. Z. & 1877, p. 824; Elliot, Man. Bucerot. p. 19 [text]
(1880).
Craniorrhinus
leucoeephalus, Steere, List Birds 4* Manim. PhUijjpines,
p. 13 (18510).
Buceros (Cranorrhinus) leucoeephalus, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii.
p. 193 (1884).
Buceros sulcatus, Temm. PL Col. ii. p. 89, pi. 69 (1823); Weigh Si/st
Av. Buceros, no. 10 (1827); Less. Traite Orn. p. 254 (1831);
* Gray, Gen. Birds, ii. p. 400 (1847); Sckl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i.
Buceros, p. 10 (18152).
Tockus sulcatus, Bonap. Consj). Gen. Ai\ i. p. 91 (1850).
Calao sulcatus, Bonap. Con&p. Vol Anisod. p. 3 (1854).
Buceros (Penelopides) sulcatus, Von Mart. J.f. 0.1866, p. 18.
Buceros (Cranorrhinus) sulcatus, Gray, Manat-h B. ii. p. 129 (1870).
Adult male. Occiput, nape, and back of neck deep chestnut: rest
of head, neck, and upper chest buff; tail white, with a terminal
black band ; rest of plumage black glossed with dark bluish green :
naked skin round eye and on chin and throat fiery orange-red; iris
crimson ; feet dull black; bill and casque deep red; lower man
dible crossed at the base by four or more obliquely transverse ridges,
the basal one being dark red, the rest whitish and separated from
one another by brown grooves; casque with numerous transverse
folds. Total length 29 inches, wing 13'2, tail 9*6, tarsus 2.
Adult female. Differs from the male in having the plumage of
379
8. CEANOERHINUS.
head and neck dark shining black, and the casque smooth. Total
length 23-5 inches, wing 11*0, tail 8'5, tarsus 1*8.
Hab. Mindanao, Camiguin, Philippine Islands.
«, b. <$ 2 ad. sk. Butuan {A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
c-f. <$ J ad. sk. Surigao (A. II. Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
g, h. J imm. st. Mindanao. II. Cuming, Esq. [C.].
?. J imm. sk. Mindanao, Oct. (Worcester). Steere Expedition.
k. 5 ad. sk. Camiguin Is. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.].
3. Cranorrhmus corrugatus.
Buceros
corrugatus, Temm. Pi. Col. ii. p. 85, pi. 531 [S~] (1832);
Milll. £ Schl. Verh. Ges. Ned. Ind. pp. 24 & 81 (1839-44); Gray,
Gen. Birds, ii. p. 399 (1847); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros,
p. 9 (1862); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 261 ; Bartl P. Z. S. 1869,
p. 142 ; Flow. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 150 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 220,
1871, p. 489; Murie, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 4:20.
Calao (Cassidix) corrugatus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 90 (1850).
lllivticeros (Cassidix) corrugatus, Bonap. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 3
(1854).
Cranorrhinus
corrugatus, Walden, Trans. Z. S. viii. p. 51 (1872) ;
Salvador i, TJcc. Borneo, p. 86 (1874); Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 246;
Elliot, Mon. Bucerot pi. 17 [text] (1880); Ilartert, J.f.O. 1889,
p. see.
Buceros (Cranorrhinus) corrugatus, Bubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iiL
p. 192 (1884).
Buceros gracilis, Temm.PI. Col. ii. p. 87, pi. 535 [PI (1832); Sclat.
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 220.
Buceros rugosus, Begbie, Malay Peninsula (1834), and Ann. May.
N. H. xvii. p. 404 (1846).
Hydroeissa migratoria, Mainy. P. As. Soc. Beng. p. 196 (1868).
Adult male. Top of head and nape deep shining black, rest of
head and neck white; basal third of tail-feathers black, rest white,
though usually discoloured so as to appear buff or chestnut; rest of
plumage black glossed with dark green : naked skin round eye blue;
red with black markings on chin and throat; iris reddish brown ;
feet dull black ,* casque and base of mandibles bright red, rest of
bill yellow ; base of lower mandible with obliquely transverse ridges
separated by dark grooves; casque with several transverse folds
anteriorly. Total length 32 inches, wing 16*2, tail 10*9, tarsus 1-9.
Admit female. Differs from male in having all the plumage of the
head and neck black, and the casque without transverse folds and
the same yellow colour as the bill. Total length 29 inches, wing 14,
tail 9-6, tarsus 1*9.
Bab. Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo,
a, b. <$ 5 ad. sk. Malacca, Nov. (Z>r. Maingay). Tweeddale Coll.
c, d. (S imm. ; $ Malacca. II. Cuming, Esq. [C.].
ad. st.
pif- 6 2 a& sk* Malacca, July. Hume Coll.
//, k< 6 $ ^ st. [Malacca P]
38 0 BXTCEKOTIDJ3.
t, k. d 2 ad. sk.
/. cf ad. sk.
m, n. d ? ad. sk.
o, p. S ad. sk.
q. J ad. sk.
Baram, X.W. Borneo.
Lawas Paver (Gov. Ussher).
Lawas Hirer.
Lawas River.
Sarawak (A. H. Everett).
C. Hose, E>q. [0.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Gov. Ussher [G.].
H. Yeitch, Eiq. ~P. ].
Tweeddale Coll.
r. $ ad. (Head only.)
4. Cranorrhinns waldeni.
Craniorrhinus
waldeni, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. (2) i. pp. 322. 351
(1879) ; Sfeere, List Birds $ Mam?n. Philippines, p. 13 (1890).
Cranorrhmiift waldeni, Elliot, Mon. Bacerot. pi. 18 [text] (1877).
Adult male. Head and neck and chest dark chestnut, the feathers
next the naked parts of the face and throat inclining to huff; tail
white (stained rufous), the basal third and the tips of the feathers
black; rest of the plumage black, the upper parts glossed with dark
green: naked skin round the eye and on the throat yellow; iris
red ; legs and feet black; bill and casque red, except towards the
end; base of the lower mandible covered by a plate with dark
coloured oblique grooves ; casque transversely folded. Total length
28*5 inches, wing 13-6, tail. 10, tarsus 2.
Adult female. Differs from the male in having all the plumage of
the head and neck black, and the casque without transverse folds:
naked skin appears to have been black mixed with yellow. Total
length 26-5 inches, wing 12-2, tail 8*6, tarsus 1*9.
Hah. Guimaras, Panay; Philippine Islands.
a, h. <$ $ ad. sk. Concepcion, Panay, Jan. {Moseley). SteereExped.
9. ACEROS.
Type.
Aceros (Hodgs.), Gray. Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844) A. nepalensis.
Like Cranorrliinm, but the casque is rudimentary, and the base
of the upper mandible only is covered by a large transversely grooved
plate; tail wedge-shaped, basal half black, rest white; feathers of
the crest and neck very long and hairy.
Range. S.E. Himalayas to Tenasserim.
1. Aceros nepalensis.
Buceros nepalensis,
Hodgs. Asiat. Pes. xviii. pt. i. no. x. p. 178,
2 pis. (1829); id. Glean. Sci.l p. 249 (1829); id. P. Z. S. 1832,
p. 15; Biyth, J. As. Soc. Beng. xii. pt. ii. p. 989 (1843), xvi.
p. 997, pi. 44. fig. 1 (1847); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 399, pi. xcix.
(1847); Biyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 45 (1849); Schl Mus.
Pays-Bos, i. Buceros, p. 10 (1862).
Aceros nepalensis,
Hodgs. Icon. hied, in Brit. Mus. Pass. pi. 314
(nos. 600-602); App. pis. 33, 34 (nos. 46, 47); id. Grays Zool.
Misc. p. 85 (1844); Borsf. 8f Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. Ind. Co. ii.
p. 601 (1856-58); Jerdon^B. Ind. i. p. 250 (1862); Sclater, P. Z. S.
1864, p. 251; Austen, J. A. Soc. Beng. xxxix. pt. ii. p. 95 (1870);
9. ACEROS. 381
Blyth,Ms, 1866, p. 350; Jerd. Bis, 3872, p. 5; Blyth, Cat.
Mamm. B. Burma, p. 69 (1875); Gammie, Str. F. iii. p. 210 (1875);
Ift&tf, Mon. Bucerot. pi. 45 ["textJ (1878); JEfame $• Day. Str. F.
vi. p. 110 (1878); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 251; Beddard, P. £. &
1889, p. 588, fig. 3; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests $ Eggs hid. B. iii.
p. 77 (1890).
Calao (Aceros) nepalensis, Bonap. Consp. Gen.Av. i. p. 90 (1850).
Rhyticeros (Aceros) nepalensis, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 3
(1854).
Buceros (Aceros) nepalensis, Tickell, Ibis, 1864, p. 182; Dubois,
Bidl. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 209 (1884),
Aceros leucostigma, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) v. p. 515 (1887).
Adult male. Head, neck, mantle, and underparts, except under
tail-coverts, rufous-chestnut, palest on the head and chest, darkest
on the belly and flanks ; wings, back, rump, tail-coverts, and basal
half of tail black, with bright dark green gloss ; ends of five middle
primaries and rest of tail white : naked skin round eye, at base of
lower mandible and posterior part of gular patch blue, rest of throat
red ; iris reddish brown ; legs and feet black (B. H. Hodgson) ; bill
yellowish white, the basal part of the maxilla with several (seven
in old examples) obliquely transverse ridges separated by subtpadrate
black grooves. Total length 43 inches, wing 17*8, tail 17'4,
tarsus 2-5.
Young male resembles the adult, but the ends of the tail-feathers
are tipped with black, and there are no ridges on the base of
the upper mandible; after the first moult, when there are one or
more ridges developed, three or so of the outer primary-coverts come
in mixed with white ,* this character disappears in older birds.
Adult female. Whole of the plumage black except the ends of the
middle primaries and the terminal two-fifths of the tail; the back,
rump, tail-coverts, wings, and basal part of tail glossed with dark
green : bill as in the male (B. H Hodgson), Total length 42 inches,
wing 17, tail 16*7, tarsus 2-5.
In an immature female with only two ridges on the base of the
upper mandible, the thighs and belly are mixed with rufous-
chestnut, as in the male.
Hah. S.E. Himalayas, Hills Assam, Manipur and Cachar; Tenasserim
Prov. [Mooleyit].
a-r. $ 2 ad. et Sikhim, Feb., Mar., April, May, Hume Coll.
imm. sk. Aug., Sept. (L. Mandelli).
s-z. $ J ad. et Darjeeling, April, May. Hume Coll.
imm. sk.
«', b'. <$ $ ad. sk. Darjeeling, May. Tweeddale Coll.
e'-s'. d $ ad. et Nepal (B. H. Hodgson).
imm. sk.
t\ J imm. sk. N. Cachar Hills. Major H.H.God win-
Austen [P.].
u'. Bones of tf Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
juv. [P.].
382
BUCER0T1DJE.
10.
KHYTIDOCEROS.
Type.
Rhyticeros, Heidi. Sijst. Av. pi. 1. (1849) It. undulatus.
Calao, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 90 (13*>4) ... . R plicatus.
Khytidoeerus, Cab. § Heine, Mus. Rem. ii. p. 172 (1800) R. obscuru*.
"Bill large, curved, and compressed. Casque, which covers the
basal two-fifths of the culm en and does not extend over the skull,
consists of a series of overlapping oblique plaits. Base of the
mandibles with or without grooved plates. Throat naked. Tail
subequal, white. Crest well-developed.
liange. Throughout the greater part of the -Malayan Archipelago
as far east as the Solomon Islands.
Knj to the Species.
I.
Head and neck coloured.
A.
Base of both mandibles covered with
transverse ridges undulatus S > P- ^-.
B.
Base of both mandibles without transverse
ridges.
a.
Top of head and occiput dark chestnut,
shading into black on the back of the
neck; rest of head and neck white
tinned with buff sitbrnjicoUh $, p. 384.
b.
Head and neck bright chestnut.
a\ Larger: wing 16*9 inches plicatm d\ p. :^0.
b'. Smaller : wing 12 inches nareondami <$, p. ?M.
IL Head and neck black.
0.
Base of both mandibles covered with
transverse ridges undulatus $ , p. 3S2.
D,
Ba>e of both mandibles without transverse
ridges
c.
Gular skin deep blue: size large, wing
ca. 14*2 inches sitbnificollis J , p. 3S4.
d.
Gular skin white.
('. Size larger: wing ca. 16-2 inches . . plicatus J , p. *>Ki.
d!. Size smaller: wing 10*7 inches ... . nareondami 2 . p. 380.
1. Rhytidoceros undnlatns.
Le Calao a easque fe.stonne, Levaill Hist. Nat. d'Ois. VAnu'r. i.
p. 41, pis. xx. & xxi. (1801).
Le Calao Javan, Levaill. Hist. Nat. cFOis. I1Amir, i. p. 4-5, pL xxii.
(1801) ; id. Hist. Nat. Ois. d'Afr. v. p. 125, pi. 239 (1800/; Vieill
N. Diet. dVHist. Nat. iv. p. 595 (1816). ^
Buceros
undulatus, Shatc, Gen. ZooL viii. p. 26 (1811); Horsf.
Trans. Linn. S<>c. xni. p. 175 (1822); Vig. App. Mem. Maffl.
p. \ m (1830) j Less.Traite Orn. p. 255 [part] (1831).
Itliy tidoceros undulatus, Tweeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 292; Elliot, Monog.
Bucerot. pi. 35 [text] (1877); Gates, B. Brit. Burmak, ii. p. 93
(1883) ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests $ Eggs Ind. B. hi. p. 80 (1890).
Tthvticeros
undulatus, Hume # Dav. Str. F. vi. p. Ill (1878) ;
Hmne, Str. F. viii. p. 86 (1879); Bhujliam, Str. F. viii. pp. 194
463 (1879), ix. p. 159 (1880); Hume, Str. F. ix. p. 247 (188(3)
Oates, Str. F. x. p. 189 (1882) ; Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 52 (1888).
383
10 . HHYTIDOCT,ROS.
Buceros javanicus, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 28 (1811) ; Vie ill. N.
Diet. d'Hist Nat iv. p. 595 (1816).
Buceros niger, Vieill. N. Diet. dH'ist. Nat. iv. p. 592 (1816).
Buceros annulatus, Dumont, Diet, Sc. Nat. vi. p. 210 (1817);
Drapiez, Diet Class. Mist. Nat iii. p. 32 (1828).
Buceros javanus, Dumont, Diet. So. Nat vi. p. 215 (1817).
Buceros plicatus, Mull, fy Schl. Verh. Ges. Ned. Ltd. pp. 24, 30
(1839-44); Gray, Gen. B. ii.p. 399 [part.] (1847); Bh/th, Cat. B.
Mus. As. Soc. p. 45 (1849); Hartl. J.f. 0. 1859, p. 289; Bernst.
J.f. 0.1861, p. 113 ; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 2 (1802);
Eyton, Ost. Av. p. 60 (1867); Sclat Rev. List Vert, Anim. p. 170,
fig. 20 (1872); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 464.
Iihyticeros plicatus, Reich. Si/st Av. pi. lx. (1849); Bonap. Consp.
Vol. Anisod. p. 3 (1854); Horsf. $ Moore, Cat B. Mus. E. 2nd.
Co. ii. p. 598 (1856-58) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 451 ; Godwin-
Aa^ten, J. As. Hoc. Beng. xxxix. pt. ii. p. 96 (1870); Jerd. Ibis,
1872, p. 5 ; Hume, Sir. F. ii. p. 470 (1874).
Calao (Calao) plicatus, Bonajp. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 90 (1850).
Aceros plicatus, Bh/th, Cat Mamm. <§• B. Burma, p. 69 (1875).
Buceros (Iihvtidoceros) plicatus, var. undulatus, Dubois, Bull. Mus.
Beltj. iii. p. 206 (1885).
Buceros pucoran, Blyth, J. As. Soc. Bene/, xii. pt. ii. p. 990 (1843).
Buceros pusaran, Bh/th, J. As. Soc. Beng. xvi, p. 993 (18471; id.
Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 45 (1849).
Buceros (Rhyticeros) pusaran, Ticked, Ibis, 1864, p. 180 [part.].
Ifhytidoceros obscurus, Cab. <§• Seine (nee Gm.), Mus. Hein. ii.
p. 172 (I860); Salrad. TJcc. Borneo, p. 85 (1874).
Buceros (Rhyticeros) obscums, Gray, Hand4. B. ii. p. 129 (1870).
Rhyticeros obscums, Hume, Nestsfy Egas Ind. B. p. 115 (1873).
Aceros plicatus (YLatk.), Blyth, Cat Mamm. B. Burma, p. 69
QJ&76).
Adult male. Top of the head and occiput dark chestnut, shading
into black on the back of the neck; sides of head and rest of neck
white, more or less tinged with buff; rest of plumage black glossed
with green, except the tail, which is pure white: naked skin round
eye reddish fleshy; gular skin intense bright yellow, with a broad
transverse black band interrupted just at the middle; iris orange-
red ; legs and feet black, inclining to hoary on the back and sides of
the tarsus: bill pale horny yellowish white, reddish towards the
base, with transverse plaits on both mandibles; first plait of the
casque reddish; nine plaits appear to be the limit even in the
oldest examples. Total length 42 inches, wing 19*5, tail 12-8,
tarsus 2*6.
Young male, with plaits of casque undeveloped and base of bill
smooth, is similar to the adult in other respects. The tail-feathers
are sometimes irregularly spotted with black. In specimens with
three or four plaits only the plaits are much wider than in the
older examples.
Adult female. Entire plumage black except the tail, which is pure
white. The back and wings are glossed with dark green. In other
points it resembles the male adult, but the gular skin is intense
blue instead of yellow. Total length 34 inches, wing 17, tail 11-1,
tarsus 2*2.
384
BTTCEKOTTDJE.
Young female, with only two plaits of the casque developed, is
similar to the adult.
Hah. Cachar, Manipur, Pegu, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula,
Sumatra, Java, Borneo.
a, h, c. c? ? ad. Cachar, March, Hume Coll.
sk.
d. S imm. sk. Dilkou<ha, Cachar. Hume Coll.
*, fi
9-<$ 2 ad. X. Cachar Hills. Mijor H. H. Godsk.
vdn-A listen "P.".
h.
d ad. sk. X. Khasia Hills Feb. (A. TV. Tweeddale Coll. "
Chennell).
i.
S ad. sk. Manipur, Feb. (A. 0. H). Hume Coll.
k. 6 imm. sk. Tonglioo, Dec. (22. G. TV. It.). Tweeddale Coll.
/. $ ad. sk. Meplay, Thoungyeen, Jan, C. T. Bingham. E*q.
7n. (S imm. sk. Zami River, Feb. (C. T. Bing- Hume Coll.
ham),
n.
$ ad. sk. Jahdee, S. of Yea, April (W. Hume Coll.
Davison),
o.
2 imm. sk. 80 miles S. of Mergui, Bee. Hume Coll.
(W. Davison).
Pi a. J 2 ad. sk. Pakchan, Jan. ( TV. Davison). Hume Coll.
r~Jc. cJjad.sk. Bankasoon, Feb. to May and Hume Coll.
Dec. (W. Davison).
lf, m. c? $ ad. Malawoon, Jan. E. AV. Oate=?j Esq.
sk. r> _ [0.].
n'. S ad. bk. Victoria Point, March (W. Hume Coll.
Davison),
o'. 2 ad. sk. Choungthanoung, Dec. (IF. Hume Coll.
Davison),
jp'. 2 ad. sk. Province Welle<Iey (Dr. Can- India Museum,
tor),
q'-f. <S ad. et Pinang (Dr. Cantor). India Murium
imm. sk.
u\ v'. 2 a^-e^ Malacca, Sept. Hume Coll.
$ imm. sk.
w'-z'. S 2 ad. et Malacca (Dr. A. C. Maingay). Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk.
«". $ ad. sk. Malacca. Capt. Stackhouse
Pinwill [P.],
b". cT ad. sk. Malacca. Purchased."
<?", d". $ ad. sk. Lanipong, S.E. Sumatra (E. Tweeddale Coll.
C, Btcxton).
a^-s^
«";/". 2 Indian Archipelago. Purchased.
2. Rhytidoceros subrnficollis.
Buceros subruficollis, Blyth, J. As. Soc. Benq. xii. pt. i. p. 177
(1843); ibid, xviii. p. 320 (1849); Barbe, J. As. Soc. Bene/, x.
p.
902(1841).
Rhyticeros subruficollis,
Horsf. fy Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. Ind. Co.
il p. 600, no. 883 (1856-58); Hume, Nests $ Eggs Did. B. ft. i.
p. 115 (1873) ; Hume, Sir. F. ii. p. 470 (1874); Hume <$• Dar.
Str. F. vi. p. 112 (1878): Ramsay, Ibis, 1877, p. 455; Hume, Sfr. F.
viii. p. 80 (1879); Bingham, Str. F. viii. p. 403 (1879), ix. p. 159
10 . EHXTIDOCEROS.
385
(18b0); Oates, Str. F. x. p. 189 (1882); Nicholson, Ibis, 1883,
p. 241.
REytidocerossubruficollis, Cab. §• Heine, Mus. Hein.ii. p. 172 (1860);
fweeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 295; Elliot, Monog. Bucerol pi. 36
[text] (1878); Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 246 j Oates, B. Brit Burmah,
ii. p. 91 (1883); Anderson, J. L. S. xxi. p. 147 (1887);
Oates, ed. Hume's Nests $ Eggs Lid. B. iii. p. 81 (1890).
Buceros (Rliyticeros) subruficollis, Gray, Iland-l B. ii. p. 129
sp. 7886 (1870).
Aceros subruficollis, Bh/th, Cat. Mamm. Sf B. Burma, p. 69, sp. 72
(1875); Oates, Str. F vii. p. 46 (1878).
Buceros plicatus, Blyth (nee ForSt.), J. As. Soc. Beng. xii. p. 991
(1843;; ibid, xvi. p. 998 (1847); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 399 [part.]
(1847); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 45 (1849).
Buceros
(Rkytidocero^) plicatus, yar. subiuficollis, Dubois, Bull.
Mus. Belg. iii. p. 200 (1885).
Buceros (Rliyticeros) pusaran, Tichell, Ibis, 1864, p. 180 [part.].
Adult male. Resembles the male adult of B. undidatas in every
particular except that the base of the bill is smooth, and never has
any transverse plaits developed ; the gular skin has no transverse
black band, and the general size is smaller ; iris lake : bill greenish
white; eyelids greenish; skin on throat bright lemon-yellow; legs
black. Total length 37*5 inches, wing 17*5, tail 10*4, tarsus 2-1.
Adult female. Exactly similar to the female adult of B. undulatus,
but the base of the bill smooth instead o£ being covered with
transverse plaits, and the size smaller: skin on throat turquoise-
blue. Total length 30 inches, wing 14*2, tail 8*2, tarsus 2.
An adult male from Labuan has the bach of the neck white like
the front.
Hah. Arrakan, Pegu, Tenasserim, Southern Shan States of Siam,
Sumatra, Borneo.
a-h. $ $ ad. et Tonghoo, "Feb., May, June, Dec. Tweeddale Coll
imm. sk. (22. G. W. JR.).
i. c? ad. sk. Pegu, April.
E. W. Oates, Esq.
h.
$ ad. sk. Lower Pegu, Peb. E. W.' Oates, Esq.
[C.].
h m
> 6 ? ad. sk. Amherst, March (W. DaviHume
Coll.
son).
n. S ad. sk. S. of Yea, April (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
o} jp, q. c? $ ad. Karope, March (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
sk.
r. $
ad. sk. Meetamyo, Tavoy, April (W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
s. <$ ad. sk. Tenasberim, Peb. (W. Lim-Tweeddale Coll.
borg).
t $ ad. sk. Tenasserim, Feb. C. T. Bingham [0.].
u, v, w. c? ? ad. Tenasserim (Heifer). India Museum.
sk.
(Typical specimens.)
x. J ad. sk. Bankasoon, Dec. (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
y.
J ad. sk. Rawas R., Sumatra, Nov. (if. F. Nicholson, Esq*
O. Forbes).
[P.].
«. (S imm. sk. Baram, Sarawak. C. Hose, Esq. [C.].
VOL. XVH. 2o
386 BT/CEKO'IIDJE.
a7 . $ ad. bk. Mernpakul River, oppositeLabuan (Gov. Ussher).
C4ov. Uglier [C.[.
b'~e'. d $ ad. sk.
/ . $ ad. sk.
Lawas R., N. W. Borneo.
No locality.
Gov. Ussher [C.].
Bishop of Victoria
g\ Ad. skeleton.
3. Rhytidoceros narcondami.
Rhyticeros narcondami, Hume, Sir. F. i. p. 411 (1878), ii. pp. 110,
17G (1874).
Rhytidoceros narcondami, Elliot, Man. Bucerot. pi. 38 [text] (1880).
Buceros (Rhytidoceros) plicatus, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. id. p. 205
[part.] (1884).
Adult male. Head and neck bright chestnut, shading into buffiwhite
on the throat; rest of the plumage with the exception of the
tail, which is pure white (stained grey), black, the upper parts
glossed with dark.green: naked skin round eye pale blue; gular
skin bluish white; iris pale red; legs and feet brown, soles grey ;
bill and casque horny yellowish brown, the posterior plait and base
of both mandibles red, the latter without any transverse ridges.
Total length 22 inches, wing 12, tail 7*0, tarsus 1*6.
Adult female. Entirely black except the tail, which is purs white
(stained grey); wings, back, and rump glossed with dark green.
Otherwise similar to the male.
Eab. 2uireondarn Island, Bay of Bengal.
a<^* s^*
a, b. <$ 2 Narcondam Island, Bay of Ben- Hume Coll.
gal, 23rd March, 1873. (Types of the species.)
4. Rhytidoceros plicatus.
"Wreathed Hombill, Lath, Gen. Syn. i. p. 358 (1781) • id* Suppl, i.
p. 70 (1787).
Buceros
plicatus, Forsi. (ex Dumpier, p. 231) Lid. ZooL p. 40
(1781); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 14b1 (1700); Shaw, Gen. ZooL viii.
p. 38 (1811) j Vieill K Diet d'Hist. Nat iv. p. 593 (1810);
Dwnont, Diet Sc. Nat. vL p. 210 (1817); Merrem, Ersch u.
Gruher, Eneycl. xiii. p. 287 (1824) * Wag!. Syst. Ai\ Buceros,
n. 8 [part.] (1827); Less. TmiU Orn. p. 255 (1831); Gray, Gen.
B. ii. p. 399 [part.] (1847); Ttoeeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 295.
Rhyticeros (Rhyticeros) plicatus, Bonap. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 3
(1854).
Rhytidoceros plicatus, Ttceeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 294 j Salvad. Ann.
Mus. Civ. Genov. x. p. 299 (1877); Ramsay, P. L. 8. N S. W. iii.
p. 263 (1878), iv. p. 97 (1879); Elliot, Mon. Bucerot pi. 37 [text]
(1878); DAlb. $ Salv. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 47 (1879);
Salvad. Orn. Fapuasia, i. p. 392 (1880); Btasius, F. Z. S. 1882,
p. 702; Guillemard, F. Z. S. 1885, p. 506; Grant, F. Z. S. 1887,
p.'330,1888, p. 192 ; Tristram, Ibis, 1889, p. 557.
Rhytidoceros plicatus, var. ruficollis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov.
x. p. 299 (1877).
Buceros (Rhytidoceros) plicatus, Dubois, Bull Mus. Belg. iii. p. 205
[part] (1885). '* l
Buceros obscurus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 362 (1788).
10 . RHYTIDOCEBOS*
387
Buceros ruficollis, Vieill. N. Diet. cVHist. Nat iv. p. 600 (1816);
Quoy # Gaim. Voy. Tlran. Zool. p. 678 (1824); Temm. PL Col
ii. p. 68, pi. 567 (1834); Mull. % Schl Verh. Ges. Ned. Ind.
pp. 24, 30 (1839-44) j Willi. Verh. Nat. Ges. Land-en Folk
pp. 22, 109 (1839-44); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 399 (1847); Selat J.
Limi. Soc. ii. p. 156 (1858); Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 194; id. Cat.
B.
New Gain, pp. 38, 59 (1859); id. P. Z. S. I860, p. 356,1861,
p. 436; Bernst J.f 0. 1861, p. 118; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i.
Buceros, p. 3 (1862); Bennet, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 83; Wall Intell
r
Ohs. iii. p. 314 (1863); Parker, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 516; Finsch, Neu-
Guin. p. 161 (1865); Sclat P. Z. S. 1869, p. 122; Rosenb. Heist
naar GeelivinU. pp. S3, 115 (1875); Machay, P. L. 8. N. 8. W.
i. p. 37 (1876); JD'Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. x. p. 9 (1877); 8cl.
P. Z. 8 1878, p. 671; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 17 ; Layard. Ibis,
1880, p. 307; Fimch, Ibis, 1881, p. 537.
Calao (Oalao) ruficollis, Bonap. Consjj. Gen. Av. i. p. 90 (1850);
Eosenb. Nat Tijd. Ned. Ind. xxr. p. 229 (1863); id. J. f. O.
1864, p. 117.
Rhyticeros (Rhyticeros) ruficollis, Bonap. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 3
(1854).
Buceros (Rhyticeros) ruficollis, Gray, Hand-l. B. ii. p. 129 (1870).
Rhytidoceros ruficollis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 763
(1875), ix. p. 19 (1876), x. p. 124 (1877) ; Shame, J. Linn. 8. xiil
p. 314 (1877), p. 493 (1878), xiv. p. 186 (1879).
Calao papuensis, Bosenb. Nat Tijd. Ned. Ind. p. 229 (1863); id,
J.f.O. 1864, p. 117.
Bucerosflavicollis, Bamsay, P. L. 8. N. 8. W. i. p. 393 (1876).
Adult male. Head, neck, and upper chest dark chestnut, rather
paler on the throat *; tail pure white, rest of plumage black, the
back and wings especially being glossed with dark green : bill yellowish
white, reddish at the base, and without any transverse ridges
(C. 21. Woodford). Total length 34 inches, wing 16*7, tail 10,
tarsus 2-2.
Young male. Without casque ; scarcely differs in plumage from the
adult. The head and neck appear to be always rufous -buff, and
the tail is irregularly spotted with black. The iris is reddish
brown.
Adult female. Tail pure white, rest of plumage black; the upper
parts except the head and neck glossed with dark green : otherwise
similar to the male adult. Total length 30 inches, wing 16*2, tail
9*3, tarsus 2-2.
Young female. Resembles the adult.
Hah. Solomon Islands, New Britain, New Guinea, Waigiou, Mysol,
Halmahera, Morty, Batchian, Oeram, Amboyna, Salwatti, Ravak,
Gruebeh, and Batanta.
a. S ad., head Morty Island. A. R. "Wallace, Esq,.
only.
b-d. 6 ? ad.
imm. sk.
et Gilolo.
[O.].
A. R. Wallace, Esq
[0.].
* The tint of the head and neck is subject to great variation, some specimens
being dark chestnut, while others are rufous-buff. This difference is
partly clue to age, the younger examples being always pale, but an old example
from Gilolo with 6 plaits to the casque is as pale as the youngest.
2 c 2
388
sxrcEEOTiDJE.
e. S
hm&- sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace. Esq.
[O.j.
/ . <J ad. sk. Mysol, Aug. (.4. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
g.
$ ad. bk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace, Esq.
[0.],
k. $
ad. sk. Oerain. A. R. Wallace, Esq.
[C.].
nea(l
i 5 &&•) Astrolabe Mountains. H, H. Romillv, Esq.
only. [P.J.
J, &. cf $ ad. sk. Port Moresby (Broadbent). Purchased.
/. $ imm. sk. A leva, S.E. New Guinea, Tweeddale Coll.
March.
m. <$ ad. sk. S. New Guinea.
Tweeddale Coll.
n. § ad. sk. New Britain.
Rev. G. Brown [0.].
o, J imm. sk. Solomon Islands. P. L. Sclater, Esq.
[P.].
p.
cJ imm. sk. Shortland Islands. 0. M. Woodford,
Esq. [C.].
<?, ?*. c? ? ad. sk. Guadalcanal-, May. C. M. Woodford,
Esq. [P.].
s. J
imm. sk. Guadalcanal*. 0. M. Woodford,
Esq. [C.].
t, Ad. skeleton. No locality.
n-a\ Skull and Solomon Islands. C. M. Woodford,
sternum. Esq. [C.].
?/. Sternum.
11. CERATOaTMHA.
lype.
Ceralogymna, Bonap. Comp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854) ... . C. elata.
Tinetoceros, Bonap. (nee Cab.) Camp. Vol. Anisod. p. 5
(18-54) C. atrata.
Spkagolobus, Cab. $B[eine} Mu*. Hein, ii. p. 171 (1859) .. C. atrata.
Bill large, deep, and somewhat curved; casque large, elevated,
subcylindrical, covering the basal half or more of the culmen, and
extending over the skull behind the eye; a naked wattle at the
base of the throat, which is naked, with the exception of a line of
feathers down the middle from the chin to the base of the wattle;
crest soft, fairly developed; tail rounded; middle pair of tail-
feathers black; outer pairs white, or black with white ends.
Mange. W.
Africa.
Key lo the Species.
A. Lateral tail-feathers white,
a. Head black
elata <$, p. 388.
b. Head red
elata $,p. 388.
B.
Lateral tail-feathers black, with the outer half
white.
c. Head black
atrata <?, p. 389.
d. Head red
atrata $ , p. 389.
1. Ceratogymaa elata.
Buceros elatus, T&mm. PI. Col ii. p. 75, pi. 521. fig. 1 (1831) ; Gray,
Gen* B. ii. p. 399 (1847) ; Cassin, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. PMlad. i.
p. 135 (1848); Sundev. GEfvers. Kongl. VetensJc. AJmd. Fork. vi.
11 . CEEATOaYMISrA,
p. 161 (1849); Hartl. J. f. 0. 1854, p. 126, 1855, p. 301, 1861,
p. 261 • id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 161 (1857); Gurney, Ibis, 1859,
p. 153; Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. JBuceros, p. 18 (1862); Byton,
Osteol Av. p. 63 (1867); JSharpe, Ibis, 1872, p. 67; Sclat. Rev.
List Vert. Anim. p. 72 (1872) ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 51.
Bucorvus elatus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 89 (1850).
Ceratogynma elata, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anuocl. p. 2 (1854); Blliot,
Mon. Bucerot. pi. 23 [text] (1878) ; Shelley. Ibis, 1888. p. 50;
Reich. J. f. 0.1890, p. 114.
Buceros
(Ceratogynma) elatus, Gray, Hand-l. B. pi. ii. p. 130,
sp. 7909 (1870) ; Dubois, Bull. Mm. Belg. hi. p. 198 (1884).
Bucero« cultratus, Sundev. (Efvers. Konql. Vetensk. Akad. Fork vi.
p. 160 [2 ] (1849); Jar£ Contr. Orn. p. 161 (1852); Earth
J.f. 0.1854, p. 127 ; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 161 (1857).
Tmetoceros cultratus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854).
Adult male. Centre line of throat, from the chin to the wattle,
and sides of throat and neck scantily covered with short brown
feathers with buff bases, between which the naked skin appears;
crest, breast, and rest of imderparts brownish black; wings, back,
rump, upper tail-coverts, and two central tail-feathers brownish
black, bronzed with purplish green; rest of tail white; the uncovered
bases of the primary quills are white : bill black; casque
very high and abruptly truncated in front, black at the base and
yellowish white above. Total length 36 inches, wing 15, tail 12-2,
tarsus 2'2.
Adult female. Differs from the male adult in having all the
feathers of the head and neck rufous-buff, with paler bases; otherwise
the plumage is similar: bill and casque yellowish white, the
latter but slightly developed. Total length 31 inches, wing 13*8,
tail 10*5, tarsus 2.
The nestling and immature resemble the female adult; but in
young males the dark brown feathers of the crest, mixed with
rufous, begin to make their appearance at an early stage.
Hal. W. Africa.
a-c. <$ $ ad. sk.
Fantee (Gov. Ussher). Sharpe Coll.
Fantee {Gov. Ussher). Sharpe Coll.
d. $ ad. (head only).
Denkera (Aubinn). Sharpe Coll.
e. S iw&-sk-
Denkera (Aubinn). Sharpe Coll.
/.
$ ad. (head only).
Kaitzarako {Auhinn). Sharpe Coll.
g. $ ad. (head only).
Ashantee. Gould Coll.
h. $ ad. &k.
River Niger. Dr. Baikie [0.].
(5 ad. sk.
Wasa.
Capts. Burton and
h. S imm. sk.
Cameron.
1. <$ ad. sk. Coast of Guinea.
No locality.
m. <$ ad. (head only).
2. Ceratogynma atrata.
Buceros atratus,
Temm. PI. Col. ii. p. 69, pi. 558 (1834); Gray,
Gen, B. ii. p. 399 (1847); Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 127, 1855,
p. 361; id. Orn. W.-Afr. pp. 162, 274 (1857); Cass. P. Ac.
Philad. p. 139 (1859); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 18
(1862); Socage, J. 8c. Lisb. ii. p. 347 (1868); Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B.
390 BUCEBOTIDJE.
p. 8 (1871) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1872, p. 62 ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 51;
Reich. J.f. 0)n. 1877, p. 18 ; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 113 (1881) ;
Marti Abh. not. Ver. Brem. viii. p. 203 (1882) ; Buttihofer,
Notes Leyd. Mus. vii. p. 205 (1885).
Bucorvus atratus, Bona]). Comp. Gen. Av.'i. p. 89 (1850).
Tmetoceros atratus, Bonap. Consp. Vol Anisod. p. 2 (1854).
Spliagolobus atratus, Cab. $ Heine, Hits. Hein. ii. p. 171 (1860) ;
Hein. J. /. O. 1864, p. 188; Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pi. 24 [text]
(1877); Bouvier, Cat Ois. Marche etc. p. 28 (1875); Sharpe,
J.L.S. x™. p. 486 (1884).
Buceros (Spliagolobus) atratus, Gray, Hand-l B. ii. p. 131, sp. 7914
(1870); Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 199.
Ceratogymna atrata, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 51; Belch. J. f. O. 1890,
p. 114.
Buceros poensis, Fras. Ann. Mag. K H. XT. p. 136 [$ ] (1855).
Adult male. Crest, all the plumage of the wings and body, and the
centre pair of tail-feathers black; rest of tail-feathers black, with
the terminal quarter white ; wing-coverts, back, rump, breast, and
belly glossed with bronze or purplish green; the primaries, secon
daries, and tail-feathers glossed with dark green; the uncovered
bases of the primary quills blackish: upper mandible black, brownibh
at the base; lower mandible brownish black at the tip; casque
large and swollen, apparently blackish brown. Total length 36
inches, wing 16, tail 13, tarsus 2*4.
Adult female. Differs from male in having the crest, sides and
middle of throat, and upper part of neck chestnut, otherwise the
plumage is as above: bill and casque black, reddish brown towards
the middle; the casque smaller than in the male, and with a double
furrow along the upper surface. Total length 32 inches, wing 14*7,
tail 11#3, tarsus 2.
Young birds and immature males resemble the female, but the
latter have some dark feathers mixed with the chestnut of the
crest, and the back is only slightly glossed with dull green.
Hah. W. Africa, from Angola to Liberia, and inland to 5C X. lat.
on "White Nile.
a. tf imm.; b. $ juv. Fantee (Gov. Ussher). Sharpe Coll.
sk.; c-e. <$ juv.
(heads only).
f-i. $ ad. et imm. sk. Denkera (Aztbinn). Sharpe Coll.
k. $ imm. sk. Denkera (BHssett). Shelley Coll.
I <$ ad. sk. Ashantee. Gould CoH.
m. 3 imm. sk. Gaboon. Verreaux Coll.
n. 2 a(i* sk. Ogowe" River. H. Ansell, Esq. [P.].
o. ^ ad. sk. W. Africa. Zool. Soc. Coll
p, q. J ad. et imm. st. W. Africa. Purchased.
r, s. $ 2 ad.; t. <$ Semmio, Niam Mam F.Bohndorff[C.].
imm. sk. country, Jan., Feb.
12. ANOKEHDTUS.
Type.
Anorrkinus, Meich Syst. Av. pi. xlix, (1849) A. galeritus.
Bill fairly large, somewhat curved and compressed; the basal
12 . ANOKKHIFUS.
three-fifths of the culmen covered by a moderately elevated keel-
shaped casque • throat naked; crest well developed, and composed
of long soft feathers ; tail rounded, basal three-quarters of feathers
brownish grey, rest black; plumage dark.
Range. S. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.
1. Anorrhiaus galeritus.
Buceros
a'aleritus, Temm. PI Col ii. p. 78, pi. 520 (1824); Mull, et
Sold. Verh. Ges. Ned. Bid. pp. 23, 28 (1839-44); Gray, Gen. B.
ii. p. 399 (1847); Low, Sarawak, p. 411 (1848); Blijth, Cat B.
Mus. As. Soc. p. 44 (1849); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 8
(1862).
Hydrocissa galeritus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 90 (1850).
Ilydrocissa (Anthracoceros) galeritus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod.
p. 2 (1854).
Anorrhinus
galeritus, Beich. Syst. Av. pi. xlix. (1850;f; Horsf. c$*
Moore, Cat. B. Mas. E. Ind. Co. ii. p. 594 (1856-58); Moore,
P. Z. S. 1859, p. 450; Cab. § Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 169
(1800); Salvad. Ucc. Borneo, p. 79 (1874); Hume, Ibis, 1875,
p. 318; Ttceeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 292; Hume <§• Dav. Sfr. F.
\i. p. 109 (1878); Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 246; Hume, Sir. F.
ix. p. 86 (1880); Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pi. 42 [text] (1880);
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 793; id. Ibis, 1890, p. 16; Elliot, Auk,
p. 9 (1891).
Buceros (Anorrhinus) galeritus, Gray, Hand4. B. ii. p. 128, sp. 7877
(1870),
Buceros carinatus, Blyth, J. As, Soc. Beng. xiv. p. 187 (1845), &
xvi p. 996 (1847).
Adult male. Head, neck, back, rump, wings, and thighs brownish
black glossed with dark green; middle of throat, breast, and belly dull
chocolate-brown, rather paler on the abdomen and slightly glossy;
under tail-coverts brownish grey; tail glossed with green, last two-
fifths black, rest brownish grey: bill black. Total length 32
inches, wing 14*5, tail 11-6, tarsus 2.
Young male differs from the adult in having the crest much less
developed; the greater and median wing-coverts, secondary quills,
and long scapulars margined with pale buff on their outer webs •
and the breast and belly pale brown : bill dull red at tip, pea-green
at base (J". 'Whitehead).
As age increases the anterior parts of the bill become whitish
yellow, and the base of the maxilla, basal half of the lower mandible,
and upper part of the casque black- In this stage the plumage is
quite similar to that of the adult. Gradually the black increases in
area, till only a white line is visible along the base of the casque,
and this also disappears in time.
Adult female does not differ except in size from the adult male.
Total length 29 inches, wing 13*3, tail 11, tarsus 1*9.
Young female resembles young male.
Hab. S. Tenasserim, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo.
a. £ ad. sk. Malawoon, March (W. Davison), Hume OolL
h J ad. sk. Klang, Salangore, Feb. (W. DaHume
Coll
visori).
392 BU0EE0TIDJ3.
c-o. Ad. ct imm. Malacca.
sk»
p. "imm. sk. Pinang. ^^ 0o H ; n
j7. Ad. sk. W. Coast of Sumatra. Van Faber [0 ]
r. Ad. sk.
s. cjT ad. st.
f. Ad. sk.
Lampong, S.E. Sumatra (E. C.
Bunion).
Sumatra.
Benkoka, N. Borneo.
Tweeddale Coll.
J. Whitehead,
Esq. [P.].
w. Imm. sk.
thy. Ad.etimm.
Baram, Sarawak.
Lawas River.
0. Hose, Esq. [C.].
Governor Usaher
sk.
z. Ad. sk.
&'. Imm. sk.
[Philippines.]
Indian Archipelago.
[C].
13. PTILOLJEMUS.
Like AnorrMmis, but with the throat feathered; tail brownish
black, tipped with white; plumage brownish above, rufous-buff below.
Range. H". Cachar and N". Tenasserim Hills.
Key to tlie Species.
Sides of the head, chin, and throat rufous-buff tickelli, p. 392.
Sides of the head, chin, and throat white ansteni, p. 393.
1. Ptilolaemus tickelli.
Buceros tickelli, Blyth, J. As. Soc. Bene/, xxiv. p. 266 (1855); Tichell,
J. As. Soc. Bene/, xxiv. p. 285 (1855) ; Blyth, J. As. Soc. Beng.
xxviii. p. 412 (1859); Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 5.
Toclius tickelli, Tichell, Ibis, 1864, p. 173, pi. iii.
Anorrhinus tickelli, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. B. Burma, p. 69 (1875);
Elliot, Mo7i. Bucerot. pi. 43 [text] (1880); Hume, Sfr. F. ix.
p. 86 (1880); Oates, B. Brit. Burmah, ii. p. 96 (1883); Oates, ed.
Hume's Nests 8? Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 76 (1890).
Ocyceros tickelli, Hume, Nests fy Eggs Ind. B. p. 113 (1873); Hume
% Eav. Str. F. vi. p. 103 (1878); Hume, Str. F. vii. p. 499
(1878); Bingham, St?-F. viii.p. 462 £1879), ix. p. 158 (1880).
Ocyceros tickelli®, Bingham, Str. F. viii. p. 194 (1879).
Meniceros tickellise, Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (1874).
Buceros (Anorrhinixs) tickelli, Dubois, Bull. $£us. Belg. iii. p. 209
[part.] (1884),
Adult male. Lores rufous-buff; top of head and crest brown,
with pale shaft-streaks and edged with, rufous; back, rump, upper
tail-coverts, scapulars, wing-coverts, and two central tail-feathers
brown, more or less glossed with dull green; primaries, secondaries,
and rest of tail-feathers blackish, glossed with dark green ; primary-
coverts, primaries, secondaries, and tail tipped with white, and
these, together with the greater wing-coverts and scapulars, are
narrowly margined with buff, which, in the middle of the outer web
of the third to the eighth primaries, spreads to the shaft; sides of
the head and underparts bright rufous-buff, darkest on the ear-
coverts and paling towards the vent; front of shoulders buff: bill
and casque yellowish white j tip of lower mandible light black, and
13. PTUOIUMUH.
303
base saffron (J". Darling). Total length 2K-» inchesting I*i>,
tail 11-4, tarsus 1-9.
TbMw^r m«fe with undeveloped casque differs from the adult in
haying the crest lens developed and more nirongly matgincd with
rulous ; and tlio feathers of the checks, throat, nock, and chest v>ith
white shaft-streaks : hill yellow, banal half underlaid greenish (('. T.
Bingham).
Adult female. Differs from the male adult In having the lores the
same colour as thercbtof head; the primaiy-covertsand secondaries
without white tips, and the buff on the middle of the outer web of
the primaries much reduced in extent; the hreaht, bellv, and especially
the flanks, much duller and inteimixed with brown : bill and
slight casque black (J. DarVuuj), Total length 27 inches wing ]y1 ,
tail 10-9, tarsus 1-8.
Eab. N. Tenasserim Hills.
a,b. 8 ad. et Thoungyeen Rher, Tenasserim. Hume Coll.
imm. sk. Mar., Oct. ( O. T. Biw/ham).
e. <S imm. sk. Thoungyeen River, June, C. T. Bingham, E*q.
[0.1.
d. S
imm. sk. Thoungyeen River, Oct. (0, T. Gates Coll.
Bingham).
e.
$ ad. sk. Thoungyeen Riw , Feb.(C.T. R. B. Sharps Esq.
Bingham), [P.],
f. g. <$ ad. et Houngthraw Valley, Feb., Dec. C.T, Bingham, Esq.
imm. sk. [(\].
h~p. (S $ ad. sk. Thoungyah, Oct., Nov. (/. Hume Coll.
Darling).
q.
5 ad. sk. Eoad to Myawadee, Jan. (IF. Hume Coll.
Davison),
2. Ptilolseimis austeni.
Anorrhinus galeritus, Godw.-Amt. (nee Tenwi.) J. As. A'oe. Btntj,
xxxix. pt. ii. p. 90 (1870).
Anorrhinus austeni, Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 0 ; Hume, A7r. F, iv.
p. 493 (1876) j id. Str. F. v. p. 117 (1877); ibid \iu pp. 107, 499
(1878) ; Oaies, B. Brit Burmalt, ii. p. 07 (188tt); llartvrt, J.f, (K
(1889), pp. 195, 420.
Anorrhinus tickelli, Godw.-Amt. Ibis, 1878, p. 207.
Buceros (Anorrhinus) tickelli, Dubois, Bid I. Mus. Ihltj. iii. p. 201.1
[part.] (1884).
Craniorrhinus corrugatus, Blyth, J. As, AV. Heng. extra no. p. i\\\
(1875) i Hume, Str. F. pp. 00, 117 ilS77).
Nearly adult male. Closely resembles the adult male of A. tielalli,
but has the sides of the head, chin, and throat white instead of
rufous-buff; the rest of the underpays rather pater, and the
secondaries are not tipped white ; the upper parts, too, are of a
greyer brown : bill yellowish brown, \uth an orange ^ spot at the
base of the mandible, and the rest of the soft parts as in J. tickdli.
Total length 30 inches, wing 13, tail 11*5, tarsus 1-8.
Hob. Asalu, N. Cachar Hills, Hills B. of Dihing River (Ilartert).
a Nearly ad, sk. Asalu, N. Cachar Hills. Major II.II. Godwin-Austen
J
[P.]. (Typeofthobpeeies.)
394
BUCEBOXIDJD.
14. OCYCEEOS.
Ocyceros, Hume, Wests c$-Eggs hid. B. p. 113 Type.
(1873) 0. ginginianus.
Size small; bill moderate, curved, with or without a small keel-
shaped casque ; sides of the throat more or less naked ; tail wedge-
shaped ; crest slight; plumage grey, below white or grey.
Range. Peninsula of India and Ceylon.
Key to the Species,
A.
Bill with a small well-developed keel-shaped
casque birostris, p. 394.
B. Bill without a casque.
a. Underparts grey; second pair of tail-feathers
brownish black griseus, p. 396.
b. Underparts greyish white ; second pair of tail-
feathers black; with white ends ghigalensis) p. 397.
1. Ocyceros birostris.
Le Calao de Giugi, Bonn. Voy. Ind. Orient, ii. p. 214, pi. 120 (1782);
Levaill. Hist. Nat. cVOis. VAmer. i. p. 32, pi. 15 (1801).
Gingi IloTi\l)ill,Lcd/i. Gen. Syn. Siqipl. i. p. 71 (1787).
Bueeros birostris, Scop. Bel. Faun, et Flor. Insubr. ii. p. 87 (1786) ;
Blyth, J. As. Soc. Bene/. x\L p. 995 (1847).
Lophoceros birostris, Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pi. 48 [text] (1878);
Swinhoe § Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 62.
Ocvceros birostris, Davids, cy Wend. Str. F. vii. p. 78 (1878) ;
Hume, Str. F. vii. p. 205 (1878); Butler, Str. F. ix. p. 384
(1880); Beid, Str. F. ix. p. 22 (]*81) ; Davids. Str. F. x. p. 29G
(1882); Gates, Hume's Nests § Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 74 (1890).
Bueeros (Lophoceros) birostris, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 212
(1884).
Bueeros
ginginianus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 140 (1790); Shaw, Gen.
Zool viiL p. 36 (1811); Tieill N Diet. d'Hist. Nat. iv. p. 594
(1810); Dumont, Diet So. Nat vi. p. 207 (1817); Temm. PL Col
ii. sp. 13 ftext] (1824); Merrem, Ersch u. Grvber, Encycl. p. 285
(1824) $ Blijth, J. As. Soc. Beng. xii. pt. ii. p. 996 (1843); Gray,
Gen. B. ii. p. 400 (1847); Schhg. Mus. Pays-Bas, L Bueeros, p. i l
(1862).
Penelopides ginginianus, Cab, # Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 169 (1860).
Tockus ginginianus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 91 (1850).
Meniceros ginginianus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. A?iisod. p. 3 (1854).
Ocyceros ginginianus, Hume, Nests $* Eggs Ind, B. p. 113 (1873).
Bueeros oxyurus, Wagl. Syst. Av. Bueeros, no. 14 (1827).
Bueeros gingianus, Less. TraiU Orn. p. 253 (1831); Gray, Gen. B.
ii. p. 400 (1847).
Meniceros (Ocyceros) ginginianus, Ball, Str. F. ii. p. 388 (1874).
Bueeros cinera&cens, Hodgs. Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, pi. 313
(no. 58) ; Gray, Zool Misc. p. 85 (1844).
Meniceros bicornis, Jerdon, Bflnd. i. p, 248 (1862); Blyth, Ibis,
1866, p. 350; Home, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 241 ; Marshall, Str. JP. iii.
p. 331 (1875) 5 Butler, Str. F. iii. p. 457 (1875), iv. p. 37 (1876);
14 . OCTCEKOS.
395
Marshall, Birds' Nests in India, p. 46 (1877); Butler, Str. F. v,
p. 218 (1877).
Tockus bicornis, Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. JS, Bid, Co. ii. p. 597
(1856-58).
Ocyceros bicornis, Fairb. Str. F. v. p. 394 (1877).
Adult male. Ear-coverts and cheeks blackish grey; a wide superciliary
stripe, chin, breast, under wing-covcrts, and rest of underpays
white; rest of the body grey, palest on the chest and nape,
and inclining to brown on the back and tail; the primaries, except
the first two, and secondaries, except the last four, are blackish
brown, tipped with white; middle pair of tail-feathers longest and
slightly, the outer pairs widely, tipped with white, all with a wide
subterminal black band: end of the bill, upper part of the anterior
half of the culm en, and lower half of the lower mandible yellowish
white; casque (which is well developed and produced into a point
anteriorly) and remainder of mandible black. Total length 24 inches,
wing 8*8, tail 11, tarsus 1*8.
Adult female does not differ from the male in plumage, but the
casque is abruptly truncated at right angles to the middle of the
culmen. Total length 22*7 inches, wing 7'9, tail 10*2, tarsus 1*7.
Hah. Peninsula of India, never on the eastern side of the Bay
of Bengal.
a. 5 ad. sk. Nepal,
B. II. Hodgson [P.].
b. S ad. sk. Dinapur (Binwill). Tweeddale Coll.
N.W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackliouse
e, d. $ 5 a(l- sk.
PinwiJl [P.].
e. 2 a(h sk. Himalayas (Griffiths). India Museum [P.].
/, (j. <$ ad. sk. Oudk, Nov., Dec. Hume Coll.
h. $ ad. sk. Gondali (Binwill). Tweeddale Coll.
i. $ ad. sk. Kurnaon. Tweeddale Coll.
k-m. <$ ad. sk. Etawak District; Jan. Hume Coll.
n.
2 ac^-,qk. Futtekglmr, Sept. (A. AnderHume
Coll.
son).
o.
$ ad. sk. Mkow, Nov. Lieut-Col. Swinhoe
[P.].
p. S ad. sk. Kattiawar, April. Capt. Lloyd [P.].
q. $ ad. sk. Ahmedabad, Oct. (Butler). Hume Coll.
r, s. <$ $ ad. sk. Khandeish. Tweeddale Coll.
t-v. $ 2 ad. et Ivkandeish, Jan., June, Dec. Hume Coll.
imm. sk. (Davidbon).
w. (S ad. sk. Ooonoor Ghat, Sept. (B. G. Tweeddale Coll.
W.B.).
$j V> 6 ? ad. sk, Mysore, Aug. (B. G. W. B,). Tweeddale Coll.
z. <$ ad. sk. Madras. India Museum [P.].
a'. <$ ad. sk. Madras. — Cole, Esq. [P.].
V. (S ad. sk. Nursingpur, Jan. Hume Coll.
c', d\ <$ ad, et Saugor (Hoope?-). India Museum [P.].
imm. sk.
e\ $ ad. sk. Kamptee. Di\R.B.Hinde[P.].
f'-m'. cJ $ ad. sk. Eaipur. Hume Coll.
396 BTTCEBOTID^.
2. Ocyceros griseus.
Grey Hornbill, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl i. p. 72 (1787).
Buceros orisens, Lath. Intl. Orn. i. p. 147 (1790); Shaic, Gen. Zool
viii. p/"40 (1811); Vieill. N. Diet. d'Eist Nat. iv. p. 594 (1810);
Dumont, Diet. Sc. Kat. vi. p. 212 (1817); Ilerrem, Ersch v.
Gruber, Encycl. xiii. p. 285 (1824); Gray, Gen. Birds, ii. p. 400
(1847); ScM. Mas. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 11 (1862).
Buceros (Tockus) griseu«, Less. Trait4 Orn. p. 252 (1831).
Tockus griseus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 91 (1850)• Fairbanl^
Str. F. iv. ]). 255 (1876), v. p. 395 (1877) ; Elliot, Mon. Bucerot.
pi. 54 [text"1 (1677); Butler, Cat. B. S. Bombay Pres. p. 21 (1880);
Tidal, Str.'F. ix. p. 51 (1880); Butler, Str. F. ix. p. :J84 (1880);
Davison, Str. F. x. p. 352 (1883).
Rkinoplax griseus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 3 (1854).
Toccus griseus, Bourdilhn, Str. F. iv. p. 387 (1876).
Alopkius griseus, Dubois, Bull. Hits. Belg. iii. p. 216 (1884).
Buceros cineraceus, Temm. PL Col ii. p. 80 (1824); Gray, Gen.
Birds, ii. p. 400 (1847).
Tockus gimralensis, Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 250 rpart.*] (1862); id. Ibis,
I860, p. 350,1872, p. 5.
Adult male. Superciliary stripe, extending from the lores to the
nape, and the chin greyish white ; ear-coverts blackish grey and
crown dark grey, neck and chest paler; all the feathers with whitish
shaft-streaks ; breast, inner side of shoulders, and thighs pale grey ;
belly whitish ; vent and under tail-coverts rufous-buff; back, rump,
and upper tail-coverts brownish grey ; wing-coverts grey ; bases of
quills white ; rest of primaries and secondaries blackish grey, slightly
glossed with green, the third to the seventh primaries with white
ends ; middle and second pairs of tail-feathers brownish black,
glossed with green; three outer pairs the same, but with the last
inch and a half white: bill horny yellow, dull orange towards the
base and black along the cutting-edge. Total length 22*5 inches,
wing 8-4, tail 9*5, tarsus 1*7.
Adult female. Besembles the adult male in plumage, but the bill
is paler and the basal part of the top of the culmen and a patch
at the base of the lower mandible are black. Total length 18*5
inches, wing 7*7, tail 7*7, tarsus 1*6.
Immature birds have the wing-coverts and scapulars narrowly
margined with buf, and the middle part of the outer web of the
white-tipped primaries margined with white.
Hab. Western India, Ehandeish to Travancore.
a. S ad. sk. Khandeish. Tweeddale Coll.
b-d. S § ad. sk. JKhandala, April, Mav (Fair- Hume & Tweeddale
bank). " ^ Colls.
e,f. <$ ad. sk. Bramagherries, April (Davison). Hume Coll.
(/,%. S ad. sk. Wynaad, May (Davison). Hume Coll.
z. 2 &d. sk. Cardamun Hills, Feb. (Elwes). Hume Coll.
7c. <$ ad. sk. Mynall, April (Bourdillon). Hume Coll.
/, m. S $ ad. sk. Travancore. Gould Coll.
n, o. S imm. sk. Eamghaut, Jan. Tweeddale Coll.
p. Ad. sk. Malabar. Mr. Spinks TV.
14 . 0CTCEK0S. 397
3. Ocyceros gingalensis.
Le Calao Gingala, Zevaitt. Hist, Nat. d'Ois. VAm6r. i. p. 47, pi. xxiii.
(1801).
Buceros gingalensis, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 37 (1811); Merrem,
JEJrsoh u. Gruber, Encyol. xiii. p. 285 (1824); Temm. PI. Col. ii.
p. 17 (1824); Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 400 (1847) ; Blyth, J. As. Soc.
Beng. xvi. p. 996 (1847); Laijard, Ann. Maq. N. I£ xiii. p. 260
(1854); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 12 (18G2).
Tockus gingalensis, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 91 (1850) j Jerdon,
B. Bid. i. p. 250 [part.] (1862) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 296; Holdsw.
P. Z. S. 1872, p. 425; Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 14; Elliot, Mon. Bucerot.
pi. 55 [text] (1877); Hume, Sir. F. vii. p. 366 (1878) ; Legge. B.
Ceylon, i. p;275, pi. 14 (1878); Parker,Taprobanlan, ii. p. 132 (1889).
Bhinoplax gingalensis, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 3 (1854).
Alopliius griseus, var. gingalensis, Dubois. Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 216
(1884).
Buceros gingala, Weill. N Diot. d'Hist. Nat, iv. p. 600 (1816);
Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat. vi. p. 214 (1817).
Buceros pyrrhopygus, Wagl. Syst. Av. Buceros, no. 18 (1827),
Toclms griseus, Bayard, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 204.
Adult male. Top of the head and crest brown; ear-coverts dark
brown, each with pale shaft-stripes ; rest of head, feathered parts of
throat, inner side of shoulders, base of quills, breast, and belly white;
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts brownish grey; wing-coverts
and scapulars pearl-grey, with dark margins like the back; thighs
pale grey; vent and under tail-coverts rufous-buff; primaries black,
the third to the seventh tipped with white; secondaries blackish,
lighter towards the edge of the outer web, and narrowly margined
with pale buff; middle pair of tail-feathers blackish brown, slightly
glossed with green; second pair the same, with the last inch and a
half white ; remaining feathers white, some black on the basal half
of the outside pair: bill yellowish white, with a patch of black at
the base of the upper mandible, just in front of the eye, and another
beneath the lower mandible. Total length 23 inches, wing 8*2,
tail 8*9, tarsus 1*7.
Adult female. Differs from the male only in the coloration of
the bill, which is black with a white patch situated on the lower
half of the upper mandible. Total length 21 inches, wing 7*7,
tail 8-2, tarsus 1*6.
Immature males and females resemble the adults in plumage,
but the three outer pairs of tail-feathers are black, with white ends
like the second pair in the adult, the amount of white in the three
outer pairs of feathers increasing at each moult till they become white.
In young the bill is pale greenish, brown at the base: iris leaden
grey; eyelids dirty yellow-brown; feet pale dull green. (Parleer.)
JEab. Ceylon.
a, b. (S ad. et
inim. sk.
Ceylon, Sept. vv. V. Legge, Esq.
c-v. S $ ad. et
imm. sk.
Ceylon. Tweeddale & Hume
Colls.
w. Skull.
398
BUCEEOTIDJC.
15.
LOPHOCEKGS.
Type.
Lophoceros, Hempr. fy Mir. Symh. Phys. At.
fol. 2, footnote 8 (1828) L. nasutus.
Alophius, Hempr* § Mir. t. c. fol. aa; footnote 1
(1828) L. eiTthiwhynehus.
Tockus, Less. Traite Orn. p. 2-52 (1831) L. erytkrorhynchus.
Ehynchoceros, Glor/er, Hand- u. Hilfsb. p. 335
(1842) L. nielanoleucus.
Granimicus, Reich. Syst. Ac. pi. xlis. (1849) .. L. nasutus.
Size small or very small. Bill moderate, curved, with or without
a small keel-shaped casque; sides of throat more or less naked;
tail subquadrate; moderate crest of soft feathers; plumage above
variously coloured, below white *.
Rcmge* Africa.
Key to tlie Species.
I.
Xo white or pale grey line running from the
nape down the middle of the back.
A. Wing-coverts neither spotted nor margined
•with white.
a. Breast and belly white.
a\ Bill orange-red; four outer pairs of tail-
feathers with white tips melcmoleucus, p. 399.
b'. Basal part of lower mandible yellowish
white ; third and fourth pair& of tail-
feathers black with white end* sanifasciatus, p. 401.
c\
Basal part of lower mandible dark
reddish black; third and fourth pairs
of tail-feathers white fasciatus, p. 402.
b. Breast blackish grey; belly mixed with
white Jiartlauhi, p. 403.
B.
Wing-coverts spotted or margined with
white.
c. Wing-coverts spotted with white.
cV. Middle pair of tail-feathers with Mack
shafts , monteiri, p. 403.
e'.
Middle pair of tail-feathers with yellow
shafts .. camurus, p. 404.
d. Wing-coverts margined with white.
f.
Middle pair of tail-feathers with black
shafts hemprichi, p. 405.
g\
Middle pair of tail-feathers with whitish
shafts pallidirostris, p. 406.
II.
A white or pale burl line from the nape down
the centre of the back.
e. Middle pair of tail-feathers
with white
shafts.
h\ Casque not developed , , nasutus, p. 406.
H. A small but well-developed casque ... . ejnrldnus, p. 408.
* Z. hcvrtlatM, one of the smallest of all Hombills, is a somewhat aberrant
species, having the tail wedge-shaped and the colour of the plumage below
dark grey.
15 . LOPHOCEROS.
399
/ . Middle pair of tail-feathers with black or
dark brown shafts.
h}. Wing-coverts spotted with white.
a". Bill dark red.
«3. Forehead, cheeks, and sides of the
head pure white ; two outer tail-
feathers white damarensis, p. 411.
b2
. Forehead, cheeks, and sides of the
head blackish grey and white;
two outer tail-feathers black and [p. 409.
wThite erythrorhynchus,
b". Bill orange-yellow.
c3. Feathers on the chest white, edged
with black.
aK Middle primaries spotted with
white on the outer web only .. leucomelas, p. 414.
bK Middle primaries spotted on both
webs with white elegans, p. 415.
cf. Feathers on the chest white with
black shafts flavirostris, p. 412.
c". Bill red, with yellowish-white extremity
jachsoni, p. 416.
V. Wing-coverts not spotted with white.
(Bill red, with yellowish-white extremity")
decheni, p, 416.
-^ . 1. Lophoceros melanoleucus.
Le Calao couronnS, Levaill Hist. Nat dOis. Afr. v. p. 117, pis. 234,
235 (1806).
Buceros melanoleucus, Zicht. Cat. Iter. Nat. Rar. p. 8 (1793) j Gray,
Gen. B. ii. p. 400 (1847) ; Earth Orn. G&FAfr. p. 164 (1857);
Sehh Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 12 (1862); Finseh § Marti.
Vog. Ost-Afr. p. 485 (1870); Eeuc/h Orn. NO.-Afr. i. p. 720
(1871); Fisck. 4- Reich. J. f. O. 1879, p. 343, 1880, p. 141:
Bohm, J. f 0.1883, p. 168;'Shelley, P. Z. S. 1885; p. 224.
Tockus melanoleucus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 91 (1850); Earth
J. f 0. 1854, p. 128, 1861, p. 261; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 164
(1857); Eorsf. § Moore, Cat B. Mm. J®. Lid. Co. ii. p. 597
(1856-58) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1862, p. 157; Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 327 ;
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. Ill; Bocar/e, J So. Nat Lisb. ii. p. 347
(1868) j Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 149; Sharpe, Cat Afr. B. p. 9
(1871); Gulliv. P. Z. S.1872, p. 16 ; 8clat Rev. List Vert Aft.
p. 172 (1872); Gurney, ed. A?iderss. B. Damara-Land, p, 208
(1872); 8Mrpe, ed. Layards B. 8. Afr. p. 127 (1875); Reich.
J.f 0. 1875, p. 12; Nichol. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 358; Socage, Orn.
Angola, p. 116 (1881); Mliot, Mon. Bucerot pi. 49 [text] (1880);
Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 591; Flower, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 401.
Buceros
(Lophoceros) melanoleucus, Gray, Eand-h B. ii. p. 130,
sp. 7906 (1870); Dubois, Bull. Mm. Belg. iii. p. 214 (1884), iv.
p. 147 (1886).
Rhynchoceros melanoleucus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 3 (1854).
Lophoceros melanoleucus, Cab. § Eeine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 168
(1860); Cab. V. d. JDecken's Reis. iii, p. 37 (1869); id. J. f. O.
1878, p. 235; Schaloio, J.f O. 1883, p. 348 \ Fisch. J.f 0.1885,
p. 126; Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 61.
Buceros coronatus, Shaw (nee Bodd.), Gen. Zooh viii. p. 35 (1811);
400
BUCEROIIDiE.
Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat iv. p. 593 (1816) ; Tieill. Encycl
Meth. i. p. 401, pi. 240. fig. 4 (1823); Swains. Zool III (1) iii.
pi. 178 (1823); Merrem, JErsch u. Gruber, Encycl xiii. p. 283
(1824); Wagl Syst. Av. Buceros, no. 17 (1827); Less. Traite Orn.
p. 253 (1831); Bes Murs, etc. in Lefebire, Toy. Abyss, p. 127
(1845-50); Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 225 (1867); id. Ibis, 1869,
p. 372.
Toccus coronatus, Gurney, Ibis, 1801, p. 133.
Loplioceros alboterminatus, Biittikofer, Notes Leyd. Alus. xi. p. 67
(1880).
Adult male. Ear-coverts dark grey; rest of the head brownish
black; most of the feathers over the eyes and on the sides of the
crest with white ends; throat, neck, and chest greyish brown;
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts brown; wing-coverts and
scapulars dark brown margined with lighter; primaries and secondaries
blackish brown, both narrowly margined on the outer web
with pale buff; breast and rest of underparts, except the sides,
which are grey, pure white; tail black, slightly glossed with dark
green; the middle pair of tail-feathers slightly, and the remainder
widely, tipped with white : bill and small casque red, darker along
the cutting-edge, and with a narrow yellow band along the base.
Total length 20*7 inches, wing 10#1, tail 9, tarsus 1*3.
Adult female resembles the adult male. Total length 17*3
inches, wing 9*2, tail 8*2, tarsus 1-3.
Young males and females resemble one another and differ from
the adults in having the outer and central pairs of tail-feathers
uniform dark brown, slightly margined with pale buff. The casque
is only represented by a swelling on the basal half of the upper
mandible, and the bill is yellow or orange,
Hab. Africa, S. of about 5° 1ST. lat.
a, h. Ad. et intra. Mombasa. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
sk. [P.].
c. 3
ad. sk. Duruma, near Mombasa, Dec. Dr. J. 1L Hildebrandt
[C.].
d7 e. 3 2-a<^-sk- Kilimanjaro. F. J. Jackson, Esq,
[p.].
fg.
3 ? ni. ad. Kilimanjaro. 11. H. Johnson, Esq.
sk. [O.].
h, i 3 S ad. sk. Pangani River (Ki?'7c). Shelley Ooll.
h. 3 ad. sk. Dar-es-Salaam (Kirk). Shelley Coll.
I Imm. sk. Skupanga, Shire* River (KirJo). Livingstone Exped.
m} n. Imm. sk. Zambesi. Sir John Kirk [P.].
o-q. Ad. sk. Zambesi (Mellar). Sharpe Coll.
r.
$> ad. sk. Swaziland, June (T. BuckShelley
Coll.
ley).
s. 3 ad. sk. Pinetown, Sept. (T. L. Ay res.) Shelley Coll.
*. 3 ad. sk. Eland's Post, July {Atmore). Sharpe Coll.
u-w. 3 $ imm. si Galungo, Loanda, Aug., Sept. Sharpe Coll.
(Sola).
#, y. 3 ad. sk, Rio Dande, July (Sala). Sharpe Coll.
85. 3 ad. sk. Ambaca (Anchieta). Sharpe Coll.
«'. Skull, Zool. Soc. Coll.
15. LOPTIOCEKOS.
2. Loplioceros semifasciatns.
Buceros
semifasciatns, Hartl.. / . 0. 1855, pp. 350, 3G1; Sehl.
Mus. Pays-Has, i. Buceros, p. l*i (1802); Reich. J. /. 0. 1876,
p. 43 ; 1877, p. 18 [part.]; Buttikofer, Notes Leyd. Mus. iy. p. 208
(1885).
Tockus semifasciatus, Hartl.rn. W-Afr. p. 103 [part.] (1857);
Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 192; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 9 (1871);
Reich. J. f. 0. 1875, p. 13; Elliot, Man. Bucerot. pi. 50 (lower
%.) [text] (1878); Oustal N. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. p. 128 (1879);
Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 558; Hartert, J.f. 0. 1886, p. 595.
Loplioceros semifasciatus,
Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 59; Reich. J. f. 0.
1890, p. 115.
Buceros fasciatus, Hart/. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 163 [part.] (1857);
Gumey, Ibis, 1859, p. 153.
Buceios (Loplioceros) fasciatus, yar. semifasciatus, Dubois, Bull.
Mus. Bely. iii. p. 215 (1884).
Adult male. Plumage resembles that of L. fasciatus, but only the
terminal third of the third and fourth pairs of primaries is white*;
small casque and bill yellowish white for the basal two-thirds, the
remainder black; the latter colour extends backwards on either side
in three stripes, the first traversing the side of the casque, the second,
which is edged with red, the groove to the nostril, and the third
the anterior half of the cuttiug-edge of the mandibles and terminating
on the side of the lower mandible near the base. Total length 24
inches, wing 10*4, tail 9*2, tarsus 1-3.
Adult female. Similar to the adult male in all respects except the
colour of the naked skin on the unfeathered parts of the throat,
which is orange, whilst it is blue in the male. Total length 19*3
inches, wing 9*3, tail 8-2, tarsus 1-3.
Immature male has the white ends of the third and fourth pairs
of tail-feathers tipped with black, otherwise the plumage resembles
that of the adult; the markings of the bill are undefined, and the
underside of the lower mandible is blackish; naked skin round eye
and on throat fleshy.
Hab. "W. Africa, from the Niger to Senegambia.
a. § ad. sk. Accra.
Sharpe Coll.
b. (S ad. sk. Penkera (Ussher). Shelley Coll.
o-g. d
$ ad. et Eantee. Sharpe Coll.
imm. sk.
h. Imm. sk. Fantee (Aubimi). Shelley Coll.
?". § ad, sk. Gold Coast. Shelley Coll.
h. $> ad. sk. Ashantee. Godfrey Lagden, Esq. [P.].
1. $ ad, sk. Ashantee. Gould Coll.
m. $ imm. sk. Shonga, Nov. W. A. Forbes, Esq. [P.].
n. § ad. sk. Ankobra Biver, Wassan. Oapts. Burton & Cameron
o,p. $ ad. et Coast of Guinea.
m
c$ imm. sk.
g, r. 2 ad. et "W. Africa. Purchased
PurchasedPurchased.
imm. sk.
* The amount of white on the third and fourth pairs of tail-feathers varies
in some specimens; in two apparently fully adult female birds quite half of the
tail-feathers are white and the fifth pair are also tipped with white.
VOL. XVII.
2 D
402
BTTCEEOTIDJ3.
^ 3. Loplioceros fasciatns.
Le Calao longibande, Lemill. Hist. Nat. Ois. d'Afr. v. p. 115, pi. 233
(1806).
Buceros longibandus, ? Wilkes, Encycl LoncL ill. p. 480 (1808).
Buceros fasciatus, Show, Gen. ZooL viii. p. 34 (1811); Merrem,
E'rsch w. Gruber, Encycl xiii. p. 284 (lb24) : Gray, Gen. B. ii.
p. 400 (1847) j Cranch, Tucheijs Evp. River Zaire, App. 4, p. 407
(1819); Jard. Ann. Mag. N. H. xvii. p. SO (1846j ; SuhL Mus.
Pai/s-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 12 (1862); Eytoiu Osteol. Av. p. 32
(1867); Reich. J.f O. 1877, p. 18 [part.1; Oustalet, N. Arch. Mm.
(2) ii. p. 69 (1879).
Tockus fasciatus,
Bonap. Camp. Gen. Av. i. p. 91 (1850); Cassin, P.
Ac. Nat. Sd. Philad. viii. p. 319 (1857); Marti. Orn. JT.-Afr.
pp. 163, 274 [part] (1857); Cassia, P. Ac. Nat. Sou Philad. 1859,
p. 140; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 123 (1881); Elliot, Mon. Bucerot.
pi. 50 (upper fig.) [text] (1878); Sharpe, J. Linn. Soc. xvii.
p. 435 (1884).
Orammicus fasciatus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 3 (1854).
Loplioceros fasciatns, Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hem. ii. p. 168 (I860);
Heine, J. f. O. 1860, p. 188; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 41 j id. Ibis,
1888, p. 59 ; Reich. J.f.O. 1890, p. 114.
Buceros (Loplioceros) fasciatns, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belt), iii. p. 214
(1884).
Buceros melanoleueus, Tieill. {nee Liclit.) N. Diet. cVHist. Nat. iv.
p. 505 (1816); Wagl. Syst. AD. Buceros, no. 16 (1827).
Buceros semifabciatus, HartL Orn. W.-Afr. p. 163 [part.] (1857),
Adult male. A spot on the front of the shoulder, middle of breast,
belly, front of thighs, under tail-coverts, and third and fourth pairs
of tail-feathers white; remainder of plumage black ; the back and
wings glossed with purplish: naked skin round the eye and on un
feathered part of throat dark blue; iris dark brown: legs and feet
dusky brown; bill and small casque yellowish white, except the
anterior half of the casque, the end of the bill, and the whole base
of the lower mandible, which are dusky red. Total length 23*5
inches, wing 11, tail 10-3, tarsus 1*3.
Adidt female does not differ in plumage from the adult male,
but the naked skin round the eye and on the throat is yellow
instead of dark blue. Total length 20 inches, wing 9-4, tail 8*2,
tarsus 1*3.
Immature birds have the third and fourth pairs of tail-feathers
mixed irregularly with black. In one example the second and
fifth pairs of tail-feathers are also mixed with white.
Hab. ~W. Africa, Angola to Gaboon ; and north-eastwards to
Equatorial Africa.
a. 5 &&•sk- Ogowe' River. • II. Ansell, Esq. [P.].
b. S ad. sk. Ogowe" River.
Shelley Coll.
c. <S ad. sk. Gaboon (Du Chailht). Sharpe Coll.
d. 3 iinm. sk. Chinch onxo, April (Petit). Shelley Coll.
e. $ ad. sk. Ivando (Lucan fy Petit). Shelley Coll.
/. $ ad. sk, Semrnio, Nyam-nyarn, Feb. F. Bohndoiff [C.l.
g. 5 hum. sk. Ndoruma, Nyam-nyam, Sept. F. Bohndorff [C.j.
h. $ ad. sk. Kubbi, Equatorial Africa, July. Emm Pasha [P.].
i-l.
J ad. et Tingasi, Fquatorial Africa, July, Emin Pasha [P.J.
inrm. sk. Aug., Sept.
403
15 . L0PH0C13K0S.
4. Lophoceros hartlaubi.
Toccus hartlaubi, Gould, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 380 ; SharpedIbi*, 1870,
p. 485; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 9 (1871); Elliot, Mon. Bvcerot. pi. 58
[text] (1881).
Bucoros hartlaubi, Reich. J. f. 0. 1877, p. 18; Buttihofer, Notes,
Leyd. Mm. iv. p. 209 (1885).
Alophius hartlaubi, Dubois, Bull Mux. Belg. iii. p. G9 (1884).
Lophoceros hartlaubi, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. G9.
Buceros nagtglassi, Schl. Kecler. Tijd. Dierh i. p. 56, pi. 2 (1862) ;
Schl Mm. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 16 (1862); Sclater, Ibis, 1863,
p. 359, 1864, p. 398.
Tockus nagtglassi, Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 541 (1881).
Adult male. A greyish-white superciliary stripe from the lores to
the nape; top of the head, ear-coverts, and thighs blackish grey;
feathers down the middle of the throat and on the neck blackish
edged with pale grey; chest and rest of underparts pale grey,
whitish on the middle of the belly and inside of the shoulders; back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts greyish black; wings and tail black
glossed with dark green ; the three outer pairs of tail-feathers tipped
with white : naked skin round the eye black, on the unfeathered
parts of the throat yellow; legs and feet dusky black : bill blackish,
crimson towards the tip ; culmon compressed into a keel at the base.
Total length 15 inches, wing G-2, tail 6* 6, tarsus 1.
Immature birds resemble the adult, but the ends of the greater
coverts are tipped with white, and the inner primaries have each a
white mark on the middle of the outer web; the bill is uniform
black.
Hob. "W. Africa.
a-c. Ad. et imm. sk. Fantee (Ussher). Sliarpe Coll.
d, e. Ad. et imm. sk. Gold Coast (Kirby). Shelley Coll.
/. Ad. sk. West Africa. Gould'Coll.
5. Lophoceros monteiri.
Toccus monteiri, JBartlaab, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 87, pi. v.; Sliarpe, Cat.
Afr. B. p. 9 (1871); Gumei/, eel. Anderss. B. Damara-Land,^. 208
(1872); Sharpe, ed. LayarotsB. S. Afr. p. 129 (1875); Elliot, Mori.
Bucerot. pi. 53 [text] (1877); Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 121 (1881).
Alophius monteiri, Dubois, Bull. Mm. Belg. iii. p. 219 (1884).
Lophoceros monteiri, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 62.
Adult male. Head, throat, neck, and chest dark grey with blackish
centres to the feathers, many of those on the sides of the head and
nape tipped with white; back and scapulars brown, gradually be
coming blackish on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; under wing-
coverts, base of quills, breast, and rest of underparts white ; wing-
coverts brown, blackish towards the extremity, and each with a
subterminal white spot, except the inner primary and secondary
greater coverts, which are nearly pure white; primaries blackish
brown tipped with white, the last three very widely ; the third to
the seventh have a white spot on the middle of the outer web;
secondaries pure white or very nearly so, except the last three,
2n2
404 BTTCEROTID-ffi.
which are drab-brown margined with white; middle and second
pairs of tail-feathers blackish brown, rest white, with some black
on the basal part of the third and fifth pairs: bill, very long and
strong, yellowish red, becoming dark purple towards the extremities
of the mandibles. Total length 23'4 inches, wing 8*9, tail 9-2,
tarsus 2.
Adult female does not differ from the adult male in plumage,
but the bill is not nearly so long and strong. Total length 21 inches,
wing 7*8, tail 8*8, tarsus 2.
Hal. S. Africa, Damaraland and Benguela.
a, b. $ ad. sk. Otjimbmque, Damaraland, Sharpe Coll.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
June (Andersson).
Damaral md.
Damaraland.
Benguela.
C. J. Andersson, Esq. [C.~].
C. J. Andersson, Esq. [C,].
J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C.].
(Type of species.)
/ Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
Benguela (Anchieta). Shellev Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
^ 6. Lophoceros camuxas.
Toclnis camums, Cassin, P. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1857, p. 819,
1859, p. 140; Heine, J. f. 0. 1800, p. 188; Reichen. J. f. O,
1875, p. 13; Bouvier, Cat. Ois. Marche, etc. p. 20 (1875) ; Boeage.
Orn. Angola, p. 541 (1881); Elliot, Man. Bucerot. pi. 59 [text]
(1880); Sharpe, J. Linn. Soc. xvii. p. 430 (18S4).
Buceros camurus, Heichen. J. f. O. 1877, p. 18; Bilttikofer, Notes
Leyd. Mus. iv. p. 210 (1885).
Alophius camurus, Dubois, Bull Mus. Belg. iii. p. 220 (1884).
Lophoceros camurus, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 62 ; Reich. J. f. O. 1890,
p. 116.
Buceros pulchrirostris, Sold. Ned. Tijd. Dierh. i. p. 74? pi. 4 (1862) ;
Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 15 (1862); Sharpe, Cat. Afr.
B. p. 9 (1871).
Tockus pulchrirostris, Sharpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 485; id. P. Z. S. 1871,
p. 604.
Adult. Head, neck, back, and under wing-coverts rufous-brown,
shading to rufous on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts;
feathers of the chest brown with white ends, rest of underparts
white, thighs mixed with brownish buff; wing-coverts brown, lesser
with more or less marked subterminal white spots, median and
greater with white ends forming two oblique white bars across the
wing; base of the quills buff; primaries blackish, the first two and
the last three spotted with buff on the inner web only, the remainder
on both; secondaries blackish brown slightly glossed, edged on the
outer web and spotted on the inner with buff, except the last three
secondaries, which have a complete buff margin ; the tail is brown
slightly glossed, narrowly margined with buff and tipped with white.
Total length 11 inches, wing 6-1, tail 5*5, tarsus 1*2.
Bill bright scarlet. In some specimens the point of the bill is
black ; whether or not this is characteristic of age or sex is unknown.
Hab, Western and Central Africa.
15. LOPHOCEROS.
405
a. Ad. sir. North bank of Congo. Spencer Shield, Esq. [P.],
b. Ad. sk. Elobe district, Gaboon. H. Ansell, Esq. [P.J.
c. d. Ad. sk. Gaboon (Walker). Sharpe Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Cameroons Mountains, Sharpe Coll.
Eeb. (Crossley).
f, g. Ad. sk. Fantee (Aubimi). Sharpe Coll.
h, i Ad. sk. Fantee (Ussher). Sharpe Coll.
k. Ad.sk. Fantee (Ussher). Shelley Coll.
/. Ad. sk. Ashantee. Gould Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Ashantee. Godfrey Lagden, Esq. [P.],
n. Ad. sk. Sassa, Nyam-nyam, Oct. Dr. F. Bohndorff [C.J.
WB^- 7. Lophoceros hemprichi.
Buceros (Lophoceros) liempricliii, Ehrenb. Symb. PJiys. Ao. fol. aa,
footnote 3 (1828).
Toccus heniprichi, Blcmf. Geol. $ Zool. Abyss, p. 320 (1870); Antin.
e Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civ. Gen. p. 417 (1873); iid. Cat. Ucc. p. 54
(1873); Elliot, Mm. Bucerot. pi. 52 [text] (1877) ; Salvad. Ann.
Mus. Civ. Genov. p. 103 (1884) ; Hartert, Cat. Mus. Senckenb.
Frank/, p. 139 (1891).
Buceros hemprichi, Finsch, Trans. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 317 (1870) ;
Heugl. Dm. N.O.-Afr. pp. 721 & civ (1871); Ureas. $ Blanf.
IbisK 1874, p. 83a
Alophius hemprichii, Dubois, Bull Mus. Belg. iii. p. 215 (1884).
Lophoceros hemprichi, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. GO.
Buceros limbatus, Hupp. Faun. Abyss., Vog. p. 5, pi. ii.fig.1 (1835);
Grayj Gen. B. ii. p. 400 (1847); Sehl. Mus. Pays~Bas, i. Buceros.
p. 13 (1862); Heugl. J.f.O. p. 270 (18G4); Finsch, Tr. Z. S. vii.
p. 279 (1870)
Tockus limbatus, JRupp. Syst. Uebers. Vog. KO.-Afr. p. 79 (1845);
Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 92 (1850) ; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B.
Mus. E. Ind. Co. ii. p. 596 (1856-58); Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 9
(1871).
Granmiicus limbatus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anis. p. 3 (1854).
Lophoceros limbatus, Cab. <$• Heine, Mus. Hem. ii. p. 168 (1860).
Adult male. Head, feathered parts of throat, neck, chest, least
wing-coverts, back, and rump dark brown, some of the feathers on
the sides of the head with whitish ends; inner side of shoulders,
breast, and rest of underparts white; median and greater wing-
coverts, scapulars, quills, middle, second, and fifth pairs of tail-
feathers blackish brown, white at the base, and mostly margined
with white, widest on the wing-coverts; third and fourth pairs of
tail-feathers white; naked skin round the eye and on the unfeathered
parts of the throat black : bill dull red, whitish on the basal part of
the upper mandible. Total length 2d inches, wing 11*7, tail 10*5,
tarsus 1*6.
Adult female. Eesembles adult male, but naked skin on the unfeathered
parts of the throat yellowish.
Immature bird differs from the adult in having the basal part of
the third and fourth pairs of tail-feathers mixed with black, the
white edging to the secondaries and coverts wider; the naked skin
round the eye and on the throat is yellowish.
Hal. N.E. Africa.
406
BTJCEK0TID32.
a. Ad. 8k. Senafe*, Abyssinia (Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.
b. J imm. sk. Senafe, Abyssinia, May (Jesse). Sharpe Coll.
c. 5 ad. sk.
Tio-re, Abyssinia, March. TV. T. Blanford, Esq.
[0.].
d. Imm. sk. Abyssinia.
Shelley Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Hume Coll.
/ . $ ad. sk. Shoa, May (Antinori). Shelley Coll.
g, h. (5 9. ad. sk. Ankober, Shoa, Feb. (Harris). India Museum.
i.
Sternum and Abyssinia.
sacral vertebrae.
^ 8. Lophoeeros pallidirostris.
Buceros pallidirostris, Finsch u. Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 871 (1870) ;
Bocage, J. 8c. Lisb. ii. p. 348 (1870).
Tockus pallidirostris, Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 117 (1881).
Lophoeeros pallidirostris, fShelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 64.
Tockus melanoleucus, tillage, ed. Layard's B. 3. Afr.
p. 128 [part.]
(1884).
Buceros (Lophoeeros) nasutus, var. dubia, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg.
iii. p. 218, pi. x. fig. 2 (1884).
Adult male. A broad white superciliary stripe extending to the
nape; rest of head, feathered parts of throat, neck, chest, and thighs
grey, the two latter inclining to brownish, and most of the feathers
on the forehead and chest with dark centres;
back, rump, and
upper tail-coverts brown ; wings dark brown ; the wing-coverts and
secondaries edged with white ; inner side of shoulders, breast, and
rest of uuderparts white; tail blackish brown, the centre pair of
feathers edged and slightly tipped with white, the
outer pairs with
the last inch white : bill and small casque yellowish white. Total
length 22 inches, wing 9*7, tail 9, tarsus 1*6.
Hah. Caconda, Benguela, and Lake Tanganyika.
a. <$ ad. sk. Caconda, Benguela, May (Anchieta).
Shelley Coll.
b. $
ad. sk. Caconda, Benguela, Dec. (Anchieta). Prof. B. du Bocage
[P.].
9. Lophoeeros nasutus.
Le Calao a bee noir du Senegal, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 673 [cf] (1760);
Daubent. PI Bnl. no. 890 [ tfl.
Le Tock, Buff. Hist. Hat Ois. vli. p. 141 [part.] (1780).
Black-billed Hombill, Lath. Gen. &ij7i. i. p. 354 (1781).
Le Calao nasique, LevailL Hist. Nat. Ois. d'Afr. v. p. 120, pi. 236
(1806).
Buceros nasutus, Linn. Syst. Hat. i. p. 154 (1766); Gm. S. N. i.
p. 361 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 145 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool
viii. p. 30 [part.] (1811); Vieill. N. Diet. tfHist. Hat. iv. p. 600
(1816); Wagl Syst. Av. Buceros, no. 19 (1827); Gray, Gen. B.
ii. p. 400 (1847); Hartl Orn. W.-Afr. p. 164 (1857); Schl. Mus.
Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 13 (1862); Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 227
(1867); Finsch $ Hartl Vog. Ostafr. p. 486 (1870); Finsch, Tr.
Z. Soc. vii. p. 277 (1870); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. pp.723 & civ
(1871); Finsch $ Meich. J.f O. 1878, p. 254; Hartl. Abh. nat.
Ver. Brem. viii. p. Il l (1881); Bohm, J.f O. 1883, p. 169.
15 . LOPHOCEROS.
407
Tockus nasutus, Biipp. Syst. Uebers. Vog. N. O.-Afr. p. 79 (1845);
Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 91 (1850) ; Ilartl. J. f 0. 1854,
P. 128; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 164 (1857); id. J.f 0. 1861, p. 261;
llorsf. # Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. hid. Co. ii. p. 596 (185658);
Heuql. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 271; Blanf. Geol $ Zool. Abyss.
j). 329 (1870); Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 9 [pait.] (1871): Shelley
8f Buck. Ibis, 1872, p. 286; Antin. fy Salvad. Aim. Mus. Civ. Gen.
p. 418 (1873): iid. Cat. Ucc. p. 55 (1873) ; Bouvier, Cat Marche,
etc. p. 27 (1875); Hartert, J.f 0. 1886, p. 596.
Buceros nasutus, \ ar. senegalensis et orientalis, Sundev. (Efv. Kongl.
Vet.-Ak. Forh. pp. 108, 130 (1850).
Grarnniieus nasutus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 3 (1854).
Lophoceros nasutus, Cab. § Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 167, footnote
(1860); Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pi. 47 [text, part.] (1877) ; Cab.
J. f. 0.1878, p. 236; Schalotv, J.f. 0.1883, p. 348; Salvad. Ann.
Mus. Civ. Gen. p. 103 (1884); Fimch, J.f O. ]885, p. 126;
Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 63.
Buceros (Lophoceros) nasutus, Dubois, Bull. Mus. iii. p. 212 [part.]
(1884).
Buceros nasica, Cuv. Begne Anim. i. p. 419, footnote (1817).
Buceros (Lophoceros) forbkalii, Uempr. § EJirenb. Si/mb. Phi/s. Av.
folio z, footnote 8 (1828); Dress. # Blanf Ibis, 1874, p. 337.
Lophoceros forbkalii, Cab. <§* Seine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 167 (1860).
Buceros (Lophoceros) hemileucos, Uempr. 8f Ehrenb. Symb. Bhys.
Av. folio aa, footnote 2 (1828) ; Dress. £ Blanf Ibis, 1874, p. 388.
Buceros hastatus, Cuv. Ilegne Anim. i. p. 446, footnote (1829).
Buceros (Tockus) ha&tatus, Lebs. TraiU Orn. p. 252 (1831).
Grammieus hastatus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 3 (1854).
Buceros poeeilorhynchus, La Fres. Bev. Zool. p. 257 (1839); Gray,
Gen. B. ii. p. 400 (1847); Selil. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 14
(1862).
Tockus poeeilorhynchus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 91 (1850);
Uartl. J. f. Q/1854, p. 193; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 164 (1857); id.
J.f O. 1861, p. 261; Ileugl. J.f 0. 1864, p. 271.
Adult male. A "broad white superciliary stripe on either side,
extending backwards on the sides of the crett, rest of the head and
neck grey, most of the feathers blackish along the shafts• back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts brown; feathers down the centre pale
whitish buff and forming a median line from the nape to the tail ;
wing-coverts and scapulars brown, darkest in the middle and edged
with pale buff; quills dark brown, mostly tipped with white; outer
secondaries margined with pale buff, inner primaries and secondaries
edged on the outer web with the same; chest brownish grey with
dark shaft-stripes; inner side and front of shoulders, breast, and
rest of underparts white; tail dark brown, centre pair of feathers
narrowly edged all round with buff and tipped with white, and the
rest widely tipped with white : bill and rudimentary casque black,
with a white streak on the basal half of the upper mandible above
the^cutting-edge; lower mandible with five or more obliquely
transverse narrow white ridges. Total length 20 inches, wing 5*9,
tail 8, tarsus 1*4.
Adult female does not differ from the adult male in plumage,
but the bill is red, w ith a much larger white patch on the basal part
408
BXJCEEOTIDiB.
of the upper mandible, and the base of the lower mandible is black.
Total length 18 inches, wing 8-5, tail 7*3, tarsus 1-4.
The young male resembles the adult female in the coloration of
the bill, but the white patch is small as in the adult male, and the
centre tail-feathers are tipped with white.
In still younger specimens the outer and centre pairs of tail-
feathers show only faint traces of white tips, and the other white-
tipped feathers have subterminal black spots.
Hah. N.E. and "W. Africa.
a. 2 ad. sk. 5th Cataract of the Nile. F. Gallon, Esq. [P.].
b, c. tf ? ad. sk. 5th Cataract of the Nile. F. Galton, Esq. [P.I.
d, e. cS ? ad. sk. Ain, Massowah, July. W.T.Blanford,Esq.
[0.].
/, g. ? ad. sk. Ain, July (Jesse). Sharpe Coll.
k <$ ad. sk. Bogosland. Shelley Coll.
i. J ad, sk. Mo haber, Abyssinia, J uly (Jesse). Shai'pe Coll.
k. (S ad. sk. Mokaber, Abyssinia, July (Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.
1. £ imm. sk. Abyssinia, Jan. Br. Riippell [C.].
m. (S ad. sk. Abyssinia (Jesse). Sharpe Coll.
n. S ad. sk. Geddem, Dec. (Harris). India Museum.
o,p. c? ad. et River Gambia. Sharpe Coll.
imm. sk. ft
</, r. 2 a(h s^' River Gambia. Shelley Coll.
s, t. S $ ad. fek. Accra, Feb. (G. E. &). Shelley Coll.
u. g ad. sk. Niger (Baikie), Sharpe Coll.
v. <$ ad. sk. Niger.
Dr. Baikie [C.].
w. $ ad. sk. No locality.
x. skeleton. Abyssinia.
Jesse Coll.
y.
Sternum. Abyssinia. W. T.Blanford,Esq.
[P.].
. 10. Lophoceros epirhinus.
Buceros epirkinus, Sundev. (Efv. Kongl. Veten.-Ak. ForJi. p. 108
(1850).
Lophoceros epirkinus, Cab. $* Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 167, footnote
(1860); Holub u. Feb. Orn. Sildafr. p. 140 (1882); Shelley,
Ibis, 1888, p. 64.
Buceros nasutus, var. caffer, Sundev. CEfv. Kongl. Veten.-AJy. Fork.
p. 108 (1850).
Tockus poecilorhynchus, Kirk (nee La Fres.), Ibis, 1864, p. 327.
Buceros nasutus, Ayres (nee Linn.), Ibis, 1871, p. 260 ; ibid. 1879,
p. 285.
Tockus nasutus, Shaiye, Cat. Afr. B. p. 9 [part.] (1871); Gumey,
ed. Anderss. B. Damara-Land, p. 206 (1872) ; Buckley, Ibis, 1874,
p. 365 ; Sharpe, ed. Layartfs B. S. Afr. p. 641 (1875); Bocage, Orn.
Angola, p. 118 (1881) ; Sharpe, in Oafes's Matabele Land, App.
p. 304 (1881).
Lophoceros nasutus, Flliot, Monog. Bueerot. pi. 47 [text, part.l
(1877).
Buceros
(Lophoceros) nasutus, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 212
[part.] (1884).
Adult male. Exactly like the male of L. nasutus, but the upper
mandible is provided with a small well-developed casque, produced
409
15 . LOPHOCEROS.
into a point anteriorly ; the ends of the quills are not tipped with
white.
Adult female. Like the female of L. nasutus, but with a small
casque, which is not produced into a point anteriorly.
Hab. S. Africa.
a.
$ acl. sk. Ovaquenyama, June (Andersson). Shelley Coll.
Ondongo, Ovampoland, Jan. Sharpe Coll.
b. $ ad. sk.
(Andersson).
c. d. cS ad. et Damaraland (Andersson). Sharps Coll.
iinm. sk.
e. $ ad. sk. Zambesi (Kirk). LivingstoneExped.
/,</• d 2 ad. sk. Zambesi (Bradshaw). Shelley Coll.
h. (S ad. sk.
Kanye, Matabele (Exton). Sharpe Coll.
i. <$ ad. sk. Matabele. W.E.&C.G.Oatea,
Esqrs. [P.],
k, I. $ ad. et Transvaal (Ayres), Sharpe Coll.
5 iinm. sk.
m.
$ ad. sk. Rustenburg, June (Ayres). J. H. Gurney Esq.
[P.].
n. $ ad. sk.
Limpopo River, Nov. (Buckley). Shelley Coll.
o. 5 ad.sk.
Bamangwato, Aug. (Buckley), Shelley Coll.
<""""""*" 11. Lophoceros erythrorhyiiclriis.
Le Calao a becque rouge du Senegal, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 575 (1760);
Baubent. PL Enl. no. 260.
Le Tock, Buff. Nat. Hist. Ois. vii. p. 141 [part.] (1780).
Var. A, Red-billed Hornbill, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 355 (1781).
Le Calao Toe, Lemill. Hist Nat. Ois. dAfr. v. p. 122, pi. 238
(180G).
Buceros nasutus, Vieill. (nee Linn.) Encycl. Meth. i. p. 305, pi. 10.
%. 3 (1823).
Buceros erythrorhynchus, Temm. PI. Col. ii. sp. 19 [text] (1823);
Merrem, Ersch u. Gruber, Encycl. xiii. p. 284 (1824); Wagl. Si/st.
Av. Buceros, no. 20 (1827) ; Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 400 (1847);
Thorn. Exp. Niger, I p. 250 (1848); Marti. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 165
(1857); Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 14 (1862) ; Layard,
B. S. Afr. p. 227 (1807); Ay res, Ibis, 1869, p. 296; Finsch, Tr.
Zool S. vii. p. 278 (1870); Finsch <$• Hartl Vbg. W.-Afr. p. 491
(1870); Heuql. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. pp. 727 & civ (1871); Hartl.
Abk nat. Ver. Brem. vii. p. 112 (1881); Bohm, J. f. 0.1883,
p. 169.
Buceros (Tockus) erythrorhynchus, Less. TraiU Orn. p. 252 (1831).
Tockus erytkrorlrynckus, Pilpp. Syst. Uebers. Vog. N.O.-Afr. p. 79
(1845);'' Bonap. Consp. Gen. Ao. i. p. 92 (1850); id. Consp. Vol.
Anisod. p. 3 (1854); Hartl J.f.O. 1854, p. 193; Horsf. $ Moore,
Cat. B. Mus. E. Ind. Co. ii. p. 595 (1856-58); Hartl. Orn. W.-
Afr. p. 165 (1857) ; Xirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 327; Heugl. J. f. O.
1864, p. 271; Antin. Cat. descr. Ucc. p. 78 (1864); Sharpe, Ibis,
1867, p. 192 ; Bocaye, J. Sc. Lisb. i. p. 335 (1866), ii. p. 348 (1868) ;
Blanf. Geol. 8r Zool. Abyss, p. 328 (1870); Sharpe, Cat Afr. B. p. 9
(1871); Gurney, ed. Anderss. B. Bamara-Ld. p. 211 [part] (1872);
Sclat Rev. List Vert. An. p. 172 (1872); Antin. § Salo. Ann. Mus.
Civ. Genov. iv. p. 417 (1873); Salvad. Ucc. Bogos, p. 54 (1874);
Buckley, Ibis, 18747 p. 365; Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 131
410
BUCEROTIDiE.
(1875) ; Bouvier, Cat. Marche, etc. p. 27 (1875); Elliot, Mon.
Buceroi. pi. 5Q [text] (1878)• Bocage, Orn. Angola, y. 120 (1881);
Holub u. Feb. Orn. Siidafr. p. 141 (1882); Sharpe, J. Linn. Soc.
xvii. p. 435 (1884); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ, Genov. xxi. pp. 103,
262 (1884); At/res, Ibis, 1886, p. 289; Hartert, J. f O. 1886,
p. 596.
Kkynckaceros erytlirorkvnchus, Cab. Sf Heme, Mus. Hem. ii. p. 166
(1860); id. Jf. 0. 1878, p. 235; Schaloio, J.f 0. 1883, p. 348 ;
Fisch. Zeit. ges. Orn. i. p. 362 (1884); id. J.f.O. 1885, p. 126.
Alopbius ervthrorkynckus, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 218
(1884).
Loplioceros erytkrorkynckus, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 65.
Buceros erytkrorkynckus, var. caffer, Sundev. CEfv. Kongl. Vet.-
Akad. Ftirk p. 108 (1850); Heugl. Ibis, 1859, p.'843.
Buceros (Alopkius) erytkrorkynckus, var. leucopferus, Hempr. §
Ehrenb. Symb. Phys. An. folio aa, footnote 1 (ISaSTT f*f «.«
Buceros rufirostris, Sundev. CEfv. Kongl. Vet-Akad. Fork. p. 108
(1850).
Adult male. Top of tke kead dark grey tinged with brown; lores
and a broad stripe over the eye white, with dark shafts; ear-
coverts, cheeks, and sides of neck white edged with grey; nape,
middle line of the upper half of the back, feathered parts of throat,
front of neck and rest of underparts, under wing-coverts and base
of quills white ; rest of back brown, becoming almost black on the
rump and upper tail-coverts; wing-coverts brown with large terminal
spots of white, except the majority of the greater secondary
coverts, which are nearly pure white ; primaries black, the first two
and the eighth (usually) spotted with white on the inner web only,
the intermediate ones on both, and the remaining quills immaculate;
first secondary black, next three the same but margined on the
upper half of the outer web and spotted on the inner with white,
the fifth to the seventh have the terminal half white; remaining
secondaries and long scapulars dark drab, the former margined with
white ; centre tail-feathers dark brown, second pair black, remainder
black with the terminal quarter white, the fourth pair with a subterminal
fenestra of white in the black, which in the fifth pair is
enlarged into a great white space sometimes extending nearly to the
base of the feathers: naked skin round eye and on throat yellow ;
iris brown ; legs dusky ; bill red, blackish at the base of the lower
mandible. Total length 21 inches, wing 7*9, tail 8*2, tarsus 1*7.
Adidt female. Besembles the adult male in every particular
except that the bill is not quite so long. Total length 17*9 inches,
wing 7*8, tail 8*1, tarsus 1*6.
Immature birds have more feathers on the throat than tke adults,
and tke base of tke lower mandible is not black; tke plumage is
as above.
Hah. Africa S. of about 17° N. lat.
a. <$ ad. sk. 5th Cataract of tke Nile. F. Galton, Esq. [P.].
b. Imm. sk. Bogosland {Esler). Purchased.
c. Imm. sk. Bayrayguddy, May (Jesse), Skarpe Coll.
d. S
ad- sk, Mayen, Feb. "W. T. Blanford, Esq.
LO.].
15 . LOPHOCEROS.
e.
$ ad. sk. Samhar, July. W.T.Blanford,Esq.
[0.].
f. § imrn. sk. Abyssinia, Oct. Dr. Riippell [C|.
g. <$ imm. sk. Efat, Shoa, April (Harris). India Museum [P.].
h. J imm. sk. Dembo, Nyam-nyam, June. Dr.F.BoktidorfiTC.J.
i. J imm. sk. Malemboa, Ukamba, July. Dr.HildebrandtrC.j.
h. Ad. sk. Makalaka (Bradshaw). Shelley Coll.
1. Ad. sk. Zambesi (Bradshaio). Shelley Coll.
m. Imm. sk. Tette, May {Kirk). Livingstone Exped.
n. $ imm. sk. Matabele, Sept. (Buckley). Shelley Coll.
o. $ imm. sk. Transvaal (Ayres). Shelley Coll.
p. 2 ad. sk. Limpopo River (Ayres). Sharpe Coll.
q.
2 inmi. sk. Limpopo River, July (T. L. J. H. Gurney, Esq.
Ayres). LP-]r.
Ad. st. S. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]s-
v.
S 2 ad. et Ondonga, Ovampoland, Jan. Sharpe Cull. '
imm. sk. (Andersso?i).
iv. 2 ad- sk. Ondonga, Jan. (Andersson). Shelley Coll.
A*. (31 imm. sk. Damaraland (Avidersson). Shelle'y Coll.
y, s. <5 2 ad. sk. Damaraland (Andersson). Sharpe Coll.
a', S ad. sk. Elephant Ylny, Sept. (Anders-Shelley Coll.
SO?l).
b'. d imm. sk. Elephant Vley, Aug. (Anders-Sharpe Coll.
soil).
<?'. <$ ad. sk.
Shar/e Coll.
Oapangombe, Mossamedes (Anchieta).
<#'. c? ad. sk. Rufisque, Senegal. L. Laglaize [C.].
*',/'. cTSad.sk. Rufisque, Senegal, Nov. (LaTweeddale
ColL
glaize).
?'. Ad. sk. Dakar, Jan. (Laglaize). Tweeddale Coll.
'ti. Ad. sk. River Gambia. Sharpe ColL
a'. Imm. sk. Gambia (Moloney). Shelley ColL
k'. Skull and imAbyssinia.
W.T.Blanford,Esq.
perfect skel.
P'l
1'. Skeleton. Abyssinia. Jesse ColL
m'. Skull.
12. Lophoceros damarensis. (Plate XIY.)
PBuceros erythrorhynchus, Sundev. (nee Temm.).
Tockus erythrorhvnehus, Gurney, ed. Aiiderss. B. Damara-Land,
p. 211 [part.] (1872).
Lophoceros damarensis, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 66.
Adult male. Two birds from Damaraland have been described by
Captain Shelley nnder the above name. They both differ from
typical L. erytlirorhynchus in having the whole of the feathered
parts of the head and the neck pure white, except the crown, which
is mixed with blackish-grey feathers. In one specimen the fifth to
the seventh secondaries and the two outer pairs of tail-feathers are
pure white, while the fourth and eighth secondaries and the third
pair of rcctrices are very nearly so. In the second specimen the
fifth to the seventh secondaries and the outer tail-feathers have
some black mixed with them. In all other respects they resemble
L. erythrorhynclms. Total length 19 inches, wing 7*9, tail 8,
tarsus 1*7.
412 BUCER0TID-2B.
Hab. Damaraland, S. Africa.
a. <$ ad. sk. Otjimbinque, Damaraland (Andersson). Sliarpe Coll.
b. $ ad. sk. Sckrnelens "Hope, Damaraland, Jan.
[Andersson),
(Tj pe of species.)
Sliarpe Coll.
13. Lophoceros flavirostris.
Buceros flavirostris, Bupp. Faun. Abyss., Ydgel, p. 6, pi. iL fig. 2
(1835); Gray, Gen. Birds, ii. p. 400 (1847); Spehe, Ibis, 1860,
p. 244; Fmsch # JSartL Yog. Ostafr. p. 490 (1870); Finsch, Tr.
Z. S. vii. p. 278 (1870); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. pp. 725 & civ
(1871).
Tockus flavirostris, Riipp. Syst Uebers. Yog. N.O.-Afr. p. 79 (1845);
Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 92 (1850); id. Consp. Vol. Anisod,
p. 3 (1854) ; Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat. B. Mus. B. hid. Co. ii. p. 596
(1856-58); Blanf. Geol. $ Zool Abyss, p. 327 (1870); Sharpe,
Cat. Afr. B. p. 9 [part.] (1871); Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pL 51
[text, part.] (1877) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. pp. 104, 2C2
(1884).
Bhynehaceros flavirostris, Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 235.
Alopliius flavirostris, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 218 [part.]
(1884).
Lophoceros flavirostris, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 67.
Adult male. Top of the head blackish brown ; lores, broad stripe
over the eye, and chest white with black shaft-stripes ; ear-coverts
grey, with black shaft-stripes and narrowly edged with the same
colour; rest of plumage on face, throat, neck, and down the middle
line of the upper half of the back, also breast, rest of underparts,
ba&es of quills, and inner under wing-coverts white ; rest of back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts black; wing-coverts black with white
subterminal spots; long scapulars brownish black; primaries and
secondaries black, spotted with white on the middle of both webs
(the first two primaries and the last primaries and secondaries excepted),
the spots gradually increasing in size till on the fifth, sixth,
and seventh secondaries they form large white lateral patches, these
feathers are also widely tipped with white; the middle and second
pairs of tail-feathers are black, the three outer pairs are black,
widely tipped with white and with a bar an inch and a half wide
across the middle: naked skin round the eye dusky, and on the
unfeathered parts of the throat pink (yellow in skin); iris pale
yellow; legs dusky ; bill and slight casque orange-yellow, the end
of the bill and cutting-edge of the mandibles dark reddish black.
Total length 21 inches, wing 8*4, tail 9*2, tarsus 1*6.
Adult female. Does not differ in plumage from the adult male,
but the bare skin of the throat is dusky like that round the eye.
Total length 19 inches, wing 7*7, tail 8*6, tarsus 1*6.
Hah. E. Africa, between about 15° N. lat. and 5° S. lat.
a. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Hume Coll.
b,c. S ? ad* sk- Undel Wells, April (Jesse). Sharpe & Shelley Coll.
d. <$ ad. sk. Sooroo (Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.
15. LOPHOCEROS.
D F
A, D. 5tli primary and 3 outer tail-feathers of Lophoceros flavirostris,
B, E. „ „ „ X. leucomelas.
C, F. „ „ „ Z. elegans.
414
BXTCBEOTIDJS.
<*,/. <? $ ad. sk. Near SeDaf6, Feb., May. W. T.Blanford, Esq.
g. 2 ad. sk. Hareguddy (Jesse). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h, g ad. sk. Efat, Skoa, April (Harris). India Museum.
i. <$ ad. sk. Et'it, Shoa, April (Harris). India Musedm.
k. tf ad. sk. Udi, Taite, Feb. Dr. Hildebrandt.
I, m.
Skull and
skeleton.
14. Lophoeeros leucomelas.
Buceros leucomela0, Licht. Terz. Sdugeth. u. Tog. p. 17 (1842).
llhyncliaceros leucomelas, Cab. $ Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 1G6
(i860).
Lophoceros leucomelas, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 07.
Buceros flavirostris, Schl. (?iec JRiipp.) Mm. Pags-Bas. i. Buceros,
p. 14 (1862); Agres, Ibis, 1871, p. 200, 1879, p. 295.
Tockus flavirostris, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 9 [part., S. Afr.] (1871);
Gtimey, ed. Anderss. B. Damara-Lawd, p. "210 (1872); "Buckley,
Ibis, 1874, p. 365 ; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 82 ; Sharpe, ed. Bayard's
B. S. Afr. p. ]30 (1875); Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pi. 51 [text, part.]
(1877); Sharpe in Oates1 Matabele-land, App. p. 804 (1881);
Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 245; Holub u. JPelz. Orn. Sildafr. p. 140
(1882).
Alophius
flavirostris, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 218 [part.]
(1884).
Adult male. Plumage very similar to that of L. flavirostris, but
the top of the head is greyer, the white stripe down the middle of
the back wider, and the feathers of the chest have white shafts and
are edged on either side with black ; the white spots on the wing-
covert s are larger, and those on the primaries are confined to the
outer web from the fourth to the seventh quills, while the remainder
and the two first secondaries are uniform black ; the fifth and sixth
secondaries and their coverts are nearly pure white arid the
remainder are margined with white ; the third pair of tail-feathers
are black with the terminal third white, the fourth the same but
with a " window " of white in the end of the black part; the fifth
pair are white with black base and a black spot or band across
the middle of the white: naked skin round the eye dark pink
like that of the throat (yellow in skin). Total length 22 inches,
wing 8*3, tail 9, tarsus 1*6.
Adult female. Resembles the adult male in all particulars, including
the Baked skin round the eye and on the throat, which is
dark pink. Total length 17*5 inches, wing 7*9, tail 8*3, tarsus 1*6.
Immature bird has the bill much darker than the adult, but is
otherwise quite similar.
Hub. S. Africa.
a. <5 ad. sk. Makalaka (Bradshaio). Shelley Coll.
b. 2 ad. sk' Kanye, Matabeli (Ex-ton). Sharpe Coll.
c. J
ad. sk. Motloutsee, Aug. "W. E. & 0. G.
Oates, Esqs. [P.].
d. S ad. sk. Transvaal (Ayres). Sharpe Coll.
e~g. d $ ad. sk. Transvaal, July (Buckley). Shelley Coll.
15 . L0PH0CER0S. 415
h. <$ ad. sk.
hjj &• d S ad. sk.
I. J ad. sk.
m. Ad. st.
w. Ad. sk.
o. Ad. sk.
p. Imm. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
Hustenburg, May (T. Ay res).
Crocodile River, July (Oates).
Cape (Butler).
S. Africa.
Damaraland (Andersson).
Damaraland (Andersson).
Damaraland.
Otjirnbinque, June (Anders-
J. H. Gurney. Esq.
[P.].
Shelley Coll.
Shelley CoH.
Sir A. Smith [P.].
Shelley Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Sir J. Alexander [C.].
Sharpe Coll.
soil).
r,s. c? ad. otimm.
sk.
Otjirnbinque, June, Aug.
(Andersson).
Tweeddale Coll.
t. $ acl. sk. Sclimelen's Hope, Jan. Sharpe Coll.
u. Imm. sk.
(Andersson).
Great Namaqualand, April
(Andersson).
Sharpe Coll.
000^- 15. Lophoceros elegans.
Toccus elegans, Ilartlaub, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 86, pi. iv.
Lophoceros elegans, Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 68.
Tockus flavirostris, Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 9 [part.] (1871); Elliot,
Monogr. Bueerot. pi. 51 [text, part.] (1877) ; Bocage, Orn. Angola,
p. 119 (1881).
Alophius flavirostris, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 218 (1884).
Adult male. Yery similar in plumage to L. flavirostris andZ. leucomelas;
the third to the seventh primaries are spotted on both
•webs with white, those on the inner not quite reaching the outer
margin of the feathers, the last three primaries and the first three
secondaries black, the fourth, and fifth spotted on both, webs with
white, the sixth and seventh more white than black, and the
remainder like the scapulars brownish edged with white; first and
second pairs of tail-feathers black, remainder widely tipped with
white as in L. flavirostris, and with a band of white across the
middle of the black, narrowest on the third and widest on the firth
pair, in which the white extends almost to the base of the feathers;
the feathers of the chest are edged with black as in L. leucomelas,
and without the black shaft-stripes characteristic of L. flavirostris.
The colours of the soft parts are the same as in L. leucomelas.
Total length 17*4 inches, wing 7*2, tail 7*7, tarsus 1*6.
Adult female. Resembles the adult male; but the dark parts of
the bill are more red and less black. Total length 16 inches,
wing 6*7, tail 7*1, tarsus 1-5.
Bab. S.W. Africa.
a. Ad. sk. Bengiiela. J. Monteiro [C.].
(Type of species.)
b-d. <$ 2 ad. sk. Gahmgo, Loanda, Aug., Oct. Shelley Coll.
(Sala).
e-g.
tS ? ad. sk. Galungo, Loanda, Aug., Sharpe Coll.
Sept., Oct. (Sala).
416 BFCEROTID^E.
^^ 16. Lophoeeros deckeni.
Buceros (Rhynckaceros) deckeni, Cab. V. d. Decken'sBeisen, Hi. p. 36,
pi. 6 (1869).
Buceros deckeni, Finsch fy Hartl Tog. Ostafr. p. 489 (1870);
Bo'hm, J.f. 0.1883, p. 170.
Rkynchaceros deckeni, Cab. J f. 0. 1870, p. 235, pi. 2; Fisch. Zeit.
ges. Orn. p. 362 (1884); id. J.f. 0. 1885, p. 126; Beichen. J.f O.
1887, p. 60.
Tockus deckeni, Elliot, Mon. Bucerof. pi. 57 [text] (1881).
Alophius deckeni, Dubois, Bull. Mm. Belg. iii. p. 217 (1884).
Lophoeeros deckeni, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 68.
Tockus bocagei, Oust. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1881, p. 1G1; Bochebrune•,
Faun. Senegamb., Ois. p. 121, pi. xiii.
Adult male. Lores and top of the head blackish grey; ear-coverts
white, edged with grey and with dark shafts ; a broad superciliary
stripe, rest of the head, feathered parts of throat, neck, breast,
tmderparts, middle line of upper half of back, under wing-coverts,
and base of quills white ; rest of back, rump, and upper tail-coverts
black; wing-coverts black, except the middle secondary coverts,
which are almost entirely white ; primaries black, the four centre
ones with a white spot on the middle of the outer web; first four
secondaries black, the fifth and last three white-margined, and the
sixth and seventh nearly white ; middle and second pairs of tail-
feathers black, rest with black bases and white ends, the last
third of the third pair and two-thirds of the fifth pair being white ;
there is often a fenestra of white present in the terminal part of
the black; in skin, naked skin round the eye is dusky, on the sides
of the throat yellow ; legs and feet black ; basal half of bill orange-
red, remainder yellowish white, the end of the mandible and the
cutting-edge black. Total length 20 inches, wing 7#4, tail 8*8,
tarsus 1*7.
Hob. E. and E.-Central Africa.
a. Ad.sk. Lamu. F. J. Jackson, Esq.
[p.].
b. S ad. sk. Taita, July {Hildebrandt). Shelley Coll.
c. $ ad. sk. Taita, July. Dr. Hildebrandt [C.].
17. Lophoeeros jacksoni. (Plate XIII.)
Lophoeeros jacksoni, Grant, Ibis, 1891, p. 127.
Adult male. Differs from L. deckeni m having the wing-coverts
ornamented with subterminal oval white spots. Total length 10-5
inches, wing 7*5, tail 8*6, tarsus 1*5.
Hob. Torquel, Siik (Jaclcson).
16. BYCAOTSTES.
Type.
Eycanistes, Cab.fy Heine, Mm. Ileln. ii. p. 171 (1860). B. buccinator.
Pholidophalus, Elliot, Mon. Bucerot pi. 32 [text]
(1878) B. fistulator.
16 . BYCANISTES.
417
Bill rather short, deep, and compressed, either with a large
elevated, subeylindiical, compressed casque, longitudinally or transversely
furrowed, covering the basal three-quarters of the culmen
or more, and extending over the skull behind the eye, or with the
casque quite rudimentary, scarcely rising above the level of the
culmen. Plumage black and white. Tail sub quadrate. Crest large,
composed of long soft feathers.
Range. Africa.
Key to the Specks.
I. Breast and belly A\ hite.
a. Well-developed casque.
a'. Outer tail-feathers black tipped with white, buccinator, p. 421.
b\ Outer tail-feathers white leucopygius, p. 418.
b. Very slight casque.
c'. Outer tail-feathers black tipped with white, fistulator, p. 422.
d'. Outer tail-feathers pure white (or nearly
so) „
sharpii, p. 422.
II. Breast black, belly white.
c. Feathers on sides of head and chest with
grey ends.
e'. Ends of secondaries black (sometimes
slightly margined with white) cristatus, p. 417.
/' . Outer half of secondaries white. [p. 419.
a". Greater secondary coverts black subcylindricus,
b". Greater secondary coverts with wThite
ends ".
subquadratus, p. 419.
d.
Feathers on sides of head and crest black.
g'. Thighs black in front cylindricus, p. 420.
//. Thighs pure white albotibialis, p. 420.
1. Bycanistes cristatus.
Buceros cristatus, Jtilpp. Faun. Abyss., Tbgel, p. 3, pi. i. (1833); id,
Syst. Uebers. Vd(/. N.O.-Afr. p. 79 (1845); Gray, Gen. Birds, ii.
p. 399 (1847) ; ' Cass. P. Ac. JPhilad. p. 139 (1^59); Sc/il Mus.
Fays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 16 (1862) ; JSeugl. J.f. 0. 1864; p. 270;
Sclat P. Z. S. 1864, p. Ill; Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 326 ; Finsch $
Marti. Yog. Ostafr. p. 482 (1870); Seugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i.
pp. 731 & clvi (1871) ; Elliot, Ibis, 1873, p. 178; Sharpe, ed.
Bayard's B. S. Afr. p. 126 (1875); Fisch. $ Reich. J. f. O. 1880,
p. 141; Fisch. Zeit yes. Orn. 1884, p. 361; id. J. f. O. 1885,
p. 126; Shelley, P.Z.S. 1885, p. 224; Beichen. J. f. O. 1887,
p. 60; Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 52.
Bucorvus cristatus, Bonap. Co?isp. Gen. Av. i. p. 89 (1850).
Tmetoceros cristatus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854).
Bycanistes cristatus, Cab. 8f Seine, Mus. Sein. ii. p, 172, note
(1860); Cab. V. d. Deckeris Beis. iii. p. 38 (1869); Elliot, Mon.
Bucerot. pi. 26 [text] (1877); Shelley, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 591;
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xxi. p. 102 (1884).
Buceros (Bycanistes) cristatus, Gray, Iland-l. B. ii. p. 331, sp. 7912
(1870); 'Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 200 (1884).
Adult male. Ear-coverts greyish white; rest of head black, glossed
T0L. XVII. 2 E
418 BTJCEROTIDJE.
with dark green at the end of each feather, and, except the longer
crest-feathers, tipped with greyish white; throat, neck, upper hack,
wings, chest, breast, upper part of belly, and front of thighs black
glossed with dark green, especially the upper parts; lower back, rump,
inner side of shoulders, under wing-coverts, bases of primaries, lower
part of belly, back of thighs, and tail-coverts white; basal portion
of all the tail-feathers and terminal quarter of all except the central
pair white, rest black glossed with dark green like the back : naked
skin round e} e blue ; iris crimson ; legs and feet black ; casque very
large, striated and corrugated, and of a yellowish-white colour; bill
brownish yellow, lighter towards the tip, an orange-yellow band
across the base from the nostril to the angle of the lower mandible.
Total length 29 inches, wing 15, tail 11, tarsus 2*4.
Adult female. Differs from the adult male only in the shape and
coloration of the casque, which is much less developed and of a dark
colour similar to the bill; naked skin round the eye blue. Total
length 27 inches, wing 13*4, tail 10*2, tarsus 1*8.
Immature male n**sque half-developed has the superciliary
feathers and those " *he head mixed with rufous-buff..
Hob. East Afri ,T>* Zambesi.
a-c. <$ ad. etinim. "' *** Coll.
sk.
d. <S ad. sk.
e. g ad. sk.
f,g- d $ ad. sk. .
h. S ad. (head only).
», k. (S 2 ad. sk. * Abyssinia.
2. Bycanistes leucapygras.
Bueeros (Bycanistes) leucopvgius, Dubois, Bull Mus. Belg. iiL
p. 202 (1884).
Adult. General plumage greenish black; greater wing-coverts
tipped with white; first primary black, second with the tip and
greater part of the inner web white, third entirely white with a
black mark on the middle; fourth, fifth, and sixth white, with the
outer web black except the tip; secondaries white; breast, rump,
and tail-coverts white ; tail white, with the centre pair of feathers
black with green reflexions; iris dark brown ; feet black ; bill and
casque yellowish, the latter rounded but compressed in front and
merging into the line of the culmen (Dubois). Wing 10*8 inches.
Young. Bill and casque like that of the adult; the black parts
still intermixed with brown feathers; the colours of the primaries
differ from those of the adult, all are black irregularly tipped with
white, and the greater wing-coverts are not tipped with white
(Dubois).
Eab. JSTyam-nyam,
16 . BYOifflSTES.
419
3. Bycanistes subcylindricus.
Biiceros
sufoylindricus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 688, pi. xxxix.,
1871, p. 485, fig. 1: Elliot, Ibis, 1873, p. 179 ; Marie, P. Z. S.
1874, p. 420, woodcuts; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 550, 1832,
p. 313; Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 54 [part.].
Bycanistes subcylindricus, Elliot, Mori. Bacerot. pi. 29 [text] (1877).
Bucero3 (Bycanistes) subcylindricus, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii.
p. 201 [part] (1884).
Adult femile. Eir-coverts and most of the cheek-feathers greyish
white ; rest of head and neck black glossed with green, the ends of
the feathers greyish white; back, wing-coverts, chest, and breast
black glossed with green ; inner side of shoulders, rump, belly, and
tail-coverts white ; the bases of the primaries and secondaries, and
the terminal half of the last four primaries, the secondaries, and
lon^ scapulars white ; the rest of the first six or seven primaries
and the middle parts of the other quills black; basal part of tail-
feathers and terminal half of all but the centre pair white, remainder
of feathers black glossed with dark green: naked skin round the
eye and on the throat red (in skin) ; iris reddish brown; legs black;
bill and casque black, the latter extending nearly to the point of the
bill. Total length about 24 inches, wing 11*3, tail about 9,
tarsus 1*7.
An immature female has the feathers on the lores edged with
rufous-buff, the tip of the middle tail-feathers white, and the naked
skin round the eye is dark blue.
Hob. W. Africa.
a, b. J ad. et imm. sk. W. Africa. Zool Soc. Coll.
(Types of species.)
4. Bycanistes subquadratus.
Bycanistes subquadratus, Cab. J.f.O. 1880, p. 350, pi. i.; Booage,
Orn. Angola, p. 540 (1881); Elliot Mon. Bucerot. pi. 28 I text]
(1882).
Buceros subquadratus,
Hartl. Abh. not. Ver. Bremen, viii. p. 208
(1882).
Biiceros (Bycanistes) subcylindricus, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii.
p. 201 [part.] (1884).
Buceros subcylindricus, Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 54 [part.].
Adult male. Resembles B. subcylindricus in general appearance,
but differs in having the black on the basal part of the inner primaries
and secondaries reduced to a wide bar, while the greater
coverts of these feathers have wide white ends instead of being
uniform black; the casque is large and resembles that of B. cristatus
in shape, rising high above the culmen anteriorly and terminating
abruptly quite two inches from the point of the bill; bill
and casque black, the latter with a large yellowish-white patch
posteriorly, and in some specimens a yellowish line from the nostril
2E2
420
BUCEKOTIDJE.
to the base of the lower mandible: iris crimson ; legs black. Total
length 28 inches, wing 14, tail 10*5, tarsus 2*1.
Hah. Talla Hogongo, Angola; Nyam-nyam Country, Upper White
Kile District, Elgon, ^60 00-8000 ft. (JacUon).
5. Bycanistes albotibialis.
Buceros albotibialis,
Cab. # Reich. J.f.O. 1877, pp. 19 & 103, 1878,
pi. i.; Bocage, On?. Angola, p. 540 (1881) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1883,
p. 56 ; JZeit-h. J.f. 0. 1890, p. 114.
Bycanistes albotibialis Elliot, Mon. BuceroL pi. 81 ["text] (1880) •
"Hartert, Cat. Mus. Sencl-enb. Franlcf. p. 141 (1891).
Buceros (Bycanistes) albotibialis, Dubois, Bull, Mus. Belg. iii. p. 202
(1884). *
Adult. Head, neck, back, wing-coverts, and breast black glossed
with dark green; inner side of shoulders, rump, belly, thighs, and tail-
coverts white ; base of primaries and secondaries and the terminal
part of the quills except the first two primaries white ; tail white
with a wide subbasal black band glossed with dark green; naked
skin round the eye and on throat reddish yellow (in skin) ; legs and
feet black ; base of casque and basal three-quarters of bill blackish,
rest white; the anterior portion of the casque extends forward to
within an inch of the end of the culmen. Total length 28 inches,
wing 13, tail 8-8, tarsus 1*8.
Hah. "W. Africa.
a. Ad. sk. Gaboon.
Purchased.
6. Bycanistes cylindricus.
Buceros
cvlindricus, Temm. PL Col ii. p. 76, pi. 521. fig. 2 (1824) ;
Gray, Gen. Birds, ii. p. 399 (1847) j Hartl J. /. O. 1854, p. 127;
HartL Orn. W.-Afr. p. 102 (1857); Cass. P. Ac. Philad. 1859,
p. 139; Schl. Mtis. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 17 (1862); Sharpe,
Ibis, 1872, p. 67; Elliot, Ibis, 1873, p. 178 ; Vssher, Ibis, 1874,
p. 51; Buttikofer, Notes Leyd. Mus. iv. p. 206 (1885); Shelley,
Ibis, 1888, p. 55.
Bucorvus cylindricus, Bonap. Co?isp. Gen. Av. i. p. 89 (1850).
Tmetoceros cylindricus, Bonap. Gonsp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854).
Bycanistes cylindricus, Cab.ty Heine, Mus. Hem. ii. p. 173 (1860);
Elliot, Mon. BuceroL pi. 30 [text] (1881); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1885,
p. 851.
Buceros (Bycanistes) cylindricus, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 201
(1884).
Buceros (Byanistes?) casuarinus, Gray, Ann. 8? Mag. "N. H viii.
p. 437, pi. xvii. (1871); Bocage, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 703.
Buceros (rholidophalus) easuarinus, Dubois, Bull Mm. Belg. iii.
p. 205 (1884).
Pholidophalus casuarius, Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pi. 34 [text] (1882).
The plumage is similar to that of B. albotibialis, except that the
black of the breast is continued down the front of the thighs nearly
10 . BYCATnHTKS.
421
to the tarsal joint, the greater primary-coverts have white ends, and
the back is glossed with purple an well as green ; the casque is
abruptly truncated in front, not produced forward into a point as
m B. albotihialix ; naked akin round the eye and throat red; iris
crimson; legs and feet dusky; bill and casque yellowish white.
.Total length 28 inches, wing 13, tail 8*8, tarsus 1*8.
Hab. N. Africa, Gaboon to Liberia.
?• Ad
-&• Fantee {Usshcr). Sharpe Coll.
*• Ad- at. \y. Africa.
c. Head only. No loc. (Type of Buceros casuarinm.)
7, Bycanistes buccinator.
Buceros bucinator, Temm. PL Col. ii. p. 98, pi. 284 (1824).
33uceros buccinator, WagL Syst. Ai\ Buceros, no. 12 (1827) ; Less.
Trait4 Orn. p. 253 (lb31) ; <7r«?/, <VW?. ifc'/vto, ii. p. 399 (1847) ;
— Gumey, Ibis, 1861, p. 133; &*^. Ate. Pays-Bits, i. Buceros, p. 17
(18(52); JKiVA;, ifoa, 1864, p. 326; Lai/ard, B. S. Afr. p. 226 (L807);
Finsch § Ilartl. Yog. Ostafr. p. 484 (1870); Elliot, Ibis, 1873,
p. 179 ; hharpe, ed. Bayard's B. IS. Afr. p. 125 (1875); Socage, Orn.
Angola, p. 540 (1881); Finsch, J.'f. 0. 18b5,p. 126; Ay res, Ibis,
1867, p. 51; tihelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 53.
Bucorvus buccinator, Bonap. Cousp. Gen. Av. i. p 89 (1850).
Tmetoceros buccinator, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854).
Bycanistes buccinator, Cab. $ Heine, Mm. Mem. ii. p. 171 (1860);
Cab. V. d. Deckers Beis. iii. p. 38 (1869); Elliot, Man, Bucerot.
pi. 27 [text] (1880); tihelley, P. Z. & 1881, p. 591.
Buceros (Bycanistes) buccinator, Dubois, Bull. Mm. Beta. iii. p. 200
(1884).
Adult male. Ear-coverts grey; some of the feathers on the sides
of the head and crest with grey centre streaks; rest of head, the
neck, chest, back, wings, and tail black glossed with green; the
bases of all the quills, the ends of the last two primaries, of all the
secondaries, and of the tail-feathers, except the middle pair, white ;
the long scapulars are sometimes tipped with white ; inner side of
shoulders, rump, breast, belly, thighs, and tail-coverts white:
naked skin round eye and on tho nnfeathered parts of tho throat
purple (reddish in skin) ; iris red ; legs and feet blackish ; bill and
casque blackish, the anterior extremity of the latter produced in a
point extending nearly as far as tho end of the bill. Total length
25 inches, wing 11-5, tail 8*3, tarsus 1*6.
Adult female. Plumage similar to the above; but the bill and
casque are much smaller, and the anterior part of the casque is
abruptly truncated above the middle of the bill. Total length 21*3
inches, wing 10*2, tail 8*2, tarsus 1*6.
In younger examples the lores and front of the head are mixed,
•with chestnut, otherwise the plumage is the same.
llab. East Africa south of the Equator to Natal, lung Williams-
town, the Knysna in Cape Colony, and northwards to Angola.
422
BUCEROTID^.
a^-s**
a. S 2 South Africa (Hope). Purchased.
b. Imm. sk. Cape.
Purcliased.
c. d. Ad. et imm. sk. Kingwilliamstown. Lt. Trevelyan [P.],
e,f. $ 5 imm. sk. Durban, Aug. {Gordge). Shelley Coll.
a.
S ad. sk. Oliphants R.? Transvaal, J. H. Gurnev, Esq.
Jn\y(T. Ayres). [P.].
h. 6 ad. sk, Zambesi. Sir John Kirk rP,J.
i S ad. sk. Zambezi (Mellar). Shelley Coll.
k $ ad. sk. Shuparga (£»&). Earl Russell [P.],
/. $ ad. sk. Paugani R. {Kirk). Shelley Coll.
m,n. Jad.sk. ilelinda {Kirk). Shelley Coll.
Skull.
o,
8. Bycanistes fistulator.
Buceros fistulator, Cassin, P. -4c. Kat. Sci. PMlad. v. p. 68 (1852);
Hartl Orn. W.-Afr. p. 162 [part.] (1857) ; id. J.f.O.1861, p. 261
(1885); Hariert, J.f 0. 1886, p. 596 ; Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 53.
Tmetoceros nVtulator, Bonap. Consp. Vol. A?usod. p. 2 (1854).
Buceros (Bycanistes) fistulator, Gray, Hand-L B. ii. p. 131, sp. 7913
(1870).
Pholidophalus fistulator, Elliot, Man. Bucerot. pi. 32 [text" (WSV
Buceros (Pholidophalus) fistulator, Dubois, Mull. Mvs. Belg. iii.
p. 203 [part.] (1884).
Buceros leucostigma,
Ttmm. Mus. Lugd., in Schh Mus. Put/t-IJas, i.
Buceros, p. 16 (1862).
Adult. Ear-covcrts grey ; centre of most of the feathers of the
crest silvery; rest of head, neck, back, rump, upper-breast, and
•wing-coverts black glossed with green ; inner side of shotikleis, bases
of quills, ends of three inner primaries and the sceendarus, lower
breast, belly, thighs, and tail-coverts v\hite; base of tail-feathers
and the terminal quarter of all except t he middle pair w hite, remainder
of feathers black glossed with green : naked skin round the eye
purplish red ; ins dark brown ; legs and feet blacki>h brown, soles
golden ; bill golden white, black in the middle of both upper and
under mandible. Total length 20*5 inches, wing 9*4, tail 7*3,
tarsus 1*6.
Bab. W. Africa, from the Niger to Senegambia.
a. Imm. sk. Fantee (Ussher). Sharpe Coll.
b-e. Ad. et imm. sk. Fantee, Nov. (Aubifin). Sharpe Coll.
/ . Ad. (head only). Fantee (Aubinn). Sharpe Coll.
g. Ad. sk. No loc.
Shelley Coll.
9. Bycanistes sharpii
Buceros fistulator, Cassin, P. Acad. Kat. Sci. PMlad. 1859, p. 139;
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 134; id. Cat. Afr. Birds, p. 8 (1871);
Meich. J.f 0. 1877, p. 19 [part.].
Buceros sbarpii, Elliot, Ibis, 1873, pp. 177, 179; Oustalet, K. Arch.
Mus. (2)ii.p. 69 (1879); Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. U4(lfc81);
Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 54.
17 . BEREKICORNrs.
423
Pholidophalus sharpii, Elliot, Mon. Bacerot. pi. 33 [text] (1881).
Buceros vivi, Dubois, Bull Mus. Belg. iii. p. 204, pi. xi. (1884).
Buceros fistulator, var.; Dubois, Bull Mus. Belg. iii. pi. xi. (1884).
Adult. Resembles B. Jistulator, but is easily distinguished by the
following characters :—Larger size ; the uniform black head glossed
with dark green ; the greater amount of white in the wing, the whole
of the middle quills being pure white ; the tail-feathers except the
black central pair are nearly pure white, the second pair sometimes
with some black near the base. Total length 24 inches, wing 10*6,
tail 8-2, tarsus 1*6.
In younger examples there is less white and more black in the
quills as well as the tail-feathers, but never to the same extent
observed in the most adult specimens of B.fistulator.
Hah. W. Africa, Angola to the Mger.
a. Ad. sk.
h. Imm. skc. Ad. sk.
Angola {Hamilton).
Congo.
Gaboon.
Sharpe Coll. (Type of the
species.)
Lords of the Admiralty [P.].
Purchased.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk,
Ogowe* R., Gaboon.
Niger.
H. Ansell, Esq. [P.].
Dr. Baikie [C.J.
17.
BERENICORNIS.
Type.
Berenicornis, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 9 (1850) ... . B. comatus.
Bill large, curved, compressed. Casque moderate, keel-shaped,
covering the basal half of the culm en. Sides of the throat naked.
Crest very large and hairy, the feathers on the lores very long and
directed upwards and forwards. Tail long, white, wedge-shaped,
middle pair of feathers considerably the longest.
Range. S. Tenasserim, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.
1. Bereniconris comatus.
Buceros comatus,"Raffi.Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. j^9ff(1822); Temm.
PI. Col. ii. p. 83 (1832) ; Mull. $ &M- Verh. Ges. Ned. Ind.
pp. 23, 29 (1839-44); Hay, Madr. J. xiii. p. 149 (1844); Gray,
Gen, Birds, ii.p. 399 (1847); Blyth, J. As. (Soc. Beng. xvi. p. 996,
pi. xliv. fig. 2 (1847); Schl. Mus. JPays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 8
(18G2).
Buceros lugubris, Begbie, Malay Peninsula, p. 513 [imm.] (1834) ;
id. Ann. Mag. N. II. xvii. p. 405 (1846).
Berenicornis comatus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 91 (1850); id.
Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854;; Horsf.Sr Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.
Ind. Co. ii. p. 594 (1856-8); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 450; Hume,
Str. F. iii. p. 318 (1875), v. p. 20, note (1877); Kellum, Ibis,
1881, p. 385; Hume § Dav. Mr. F. vi. p. 106 (1878) ; Hume,
Str. F. ix. p. 86 (1880).
Anorrhinus
comatus, Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pi. 39 [text] (1877);
Gates, B. Brit. Burmah, ii. p. 94 (1883); Hartert,J.f.O. 1889,
p. 369 ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 16.
Bu (eros (Anorrhinus) comatus, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Belg. iii. p. 207
(1884),
424 BCCEEOTIDJE.
Adult male. Head, neck, breast, tipper part of belly, tips of
primaries and secondaries, patch on inner side of shoulder, and tail
white ; rest of plumage black, the scapulars and wings glossed with
dull green : naked skin round eye and at base.of lower mandible
pale blue; iris wax-yellow : legs and feet black: bill black, a
flight mottling of pale dull green at the base of both mandibles
( W. Davison). Total length 41 inches, wing 15-b, tail 18, tarsus 2-4.
Young nude in first plumage differs from the adult in having
the head, neck, breast, and upper part of belly black tipped with
white; the tail black, glos&ed with dull green and tipped with
white, widest on the outer feathers. After the first moult the
plumage resembles the adults, but many feathers of the head and
crest have black shafts and the tail remains as above, but with an
increased amount of white at the extremity of the feathers. The
fully adult plumage appears to be attained after the second moult.
" ^Taked skin round eye pink or pink tinged with blue: iris oil-
yellow : bill, where not dull black, a very pale dull green" (IF.
Davison).
Adult female. Upper parts of head, chin, tips of primaries and
secondaries, and tail white ; rest of plumage black, the back and
wings slightly glossed with dull green : naked skin round eye and
at angle of lower mandible dull blue ; iris wax-yellow ; legs and
feet black : bill black, yellowish green at base. Total length 30
inches, wing 14*6, tail 15*2, tarsus 2*3,
Immature female. " Bare skin on face dull fleshy purple • irides
pale bluish grey ; legs and feet black ?1 (Kelham).
Bah. S. Tenasserim, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.
a-e. d ? ad.: f-h. Baokasoon. Mar,, June, Dec. Hume Coll.
d imin. &k. (TV. Davibottj.
i. J ad. sk. Malawoon, Feb. E._ W. Gates, Etq.
k. ? ad. sk. Malacca (Dr. Cantor). India Museum.
/, m. d ? ad. >k. Malacca. Capt. Stack house
linwill 1\\
n. d ad. bk. W. eoa^t Sumatra. Tan Fab.r C".
o, p. d $ ad. sk.
q, d imm. sk.
Sumatra,
Benkoka, N. Borneo, Aug. J. "Whitehead, Ebq.
r. d inim. &k. Baram, Sarawak.
.p.].
C. Hose, Esq. (,*._,.
18. OETHOLOPHUS.
Bill fairly large and cuived. Casque moderately elevated, keel-
shaped, and covering the greater part of the culmen. A tract of
feathers down the middle of the naked throat. Tail very long,
wedge-shaped, black tipped with white, middle pair of tail-feathers
very much the longest. Crest of long soft feathers, those on the
lores and front of the head growing straight up.
Manr/c. W. Africa.
425
18 .
OKTHOLOPHTJS.
Key to the fineries.
a. Cheeks and throat-feathers black; greater wing-
coverts and quills tipped with white albocristatus, p. 425.
b.
Cheeks and throat-feathers white with black
shafts; greater wing-coverts and quills not
tipped with white leucolophus, p. 426.
1. Ortholophus albocristatus.
Buceros
albocristatus, Cassin, Journ. Acad, Sci. Philad. i. }>. 135,
pi. xv. (1848)5 Sc/iL Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 9 (1862);
Reich. J. f. 0. 1875, p. 12 ; id. X f. 0. 1877, p. 18; Sharpe #
Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Z. France, p. 310 (1876) : Bocage, Orn. Angola,
p. 540 (1881).
Berenicornis albocristatus, Hartl. Orn. W.~Afr. pp. 163, 274 [part.]
(1857); Cassin, P. Acad. Nat. ScL Philad. 1859, p. 139 [part.];
Sharpe, Cat Afr. B. p. 8 (1871); id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 604, tig. 1;
Bouvier, Cat. Ois. Marche, etc. p. 27 (1875); Shelley, Ibis, 1888,
p. 09.
Anorrhinus albocristatus, Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pi. 40 [text] (1877).
Buceros (Anorrhinus) albocristatus, Dubois, Bull Mus. Bely. iii.
p. 207 (1884).
Berenicornis macrourus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 91 (1850) j id.
Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854).
Adult. Top of the head and crest covered with long white
feathers, each with a black shaft-streak terminating in a black spot
at the end of the feather; remainder of plumage black, glossed with
dark green on the upper parts and breast; a patch of white ai? the
base of the mandible and on the inner side and front of the shoulder;
greater wing-coverts, quills, and tail-feathers tipped with white,
and a white spot on the outer web of the six middle primaries; tail
graduated, middle pair of feathers very long, twice and a half as
lo*ng as the fifth pair : naked skin round the eye blue, on the unfeathered
parts of the throat red; legs and feet, bill and casque
black, a reddish-yellow mark extending forward from the nostril to
the cutting-edge of the upper mandible. Total length 31-5 inches,
wing 9*7, tail 18*5, tarsus 1*5.
Immature specimens resemble the above, but the bill is uniform
black.
Hab. "W. Africa to the north of the Congo.
a. 1mm. sk. North bank of Congo, River Spencer Shield, Esq.
b-d. Ad. etimni. Cameroons (Crossley). Sharpe Coll.
sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/. Ad. sk.
Gaboon.
Gaboon (Ansell).
II. T. Ansell, Esq.
Shelley Coll.
[P.].
426 BUCEEOTIDJE.
2. Ortholophus leucolophus.
Beremcornis albocristatus, Earth {nee Cass.) Orn. W.-Afr, p. 163
[part.J (1857); Schl. Handl. d. Bierk. i. p. 314, pi. iii. fig. 39
(1857); Sharpe, Ibis, 1869. p. 385; id. B. Z. S. 1871, p. 604, fig. 2;
Shelley # Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 286.
Buceros albocribtatus, Bidtikofer, Notes Leyd. Mus. iv. p. 207 (1885).
Berenicornis leucolophus, Sharpe, Zool. Bee. 1871, p. 54 (1873);
Shelley, Ibis, 1888, p. 70.
Anorrliinus leucolophus, Elliot, Mon. Bucerot. pi 41 [text] (1877).
Buceros (Anoirkinus) albocristatus, var. leucolophus, Dubois, Bull.
Mus. Belg. iii. p. 208 (1884).
Adult. Closely resembles B. albocristatus^ but differs in having1
the cheeks, sides of the face, and greater part of the feathers on
the throat and neck white with black shafts; the greater wing-
coverts and quills are not tipped with white or show only the
slightest traces of white at the extremities ; the basal half of the
upper mandible is covered by a large black and yellowish-white
scale. Total length 31*5 inches, wing 9mo, tail 17*4, tarsus 1 -5.
Immature specimens have the feathers on the throat black as in
B. albocristatus and there is not even a trace of white on the
greater wing-coverts and quills ; otherwise the plumage is the same
as in the adult.
Ilab. ~W. Africa, confined to the Gold Coast.
a. (S imm. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
Liberia, Feb. (Buttikofer).
Ashantee.
Dr. Jentink [P.].
c-e. 5 ad. et
imm. sk.
Fantee (Ussher). Sharpe Coll.
f. Imm. sk.
y. § ad. sk.
h. <$ ad. sk.
i. Imm. sk.
k. $ ad. sk.
Fantee.
Fantee.
Denkera.
Interior of Fantee.
Gold Coatot(A7;%).
Shelley Coll.
A. Stt anzv, Esq. ~P^.
R.B. Sharpe, Eaq/lY
J. Hickman, Esq. [P."
Shelley Coll.
19. RHI^OPLAX.
Type.
Rhinoplax, Gloger, Eand. u. Eilfsb. p. 335 (1842)...... R. galeatus.
Cranoceros, Reich. Syst. Av. pi. 1. (1849) R. \ igil.
Buceroturus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 89 (1850) .. R. galeatus.
Bill moderate, very slightly curved, sloping to a sharp point.
Anterior wall of casque solid, cylindrical, extending backwards to the
vertical from the middle of the eye and ending abruptly in front at
right angles to the middle of the culmen. The whole of the throat and
a band down the centre of the back naked. Centre pair of tail-
feathers very long.
Range. S. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.
427
19 . KHOTOPLAX.
1. Khinoplax vigil.
Le Calao a casque rond, JDaubent. (ex Edwards, Gleanings, p. 150,
pi. 281.fig. 0) PL Enl. no. 933; Buff. Hist Nat. Ois. vii. p. 159
(1780).
Helmet Hornbill, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 343 (1781).
Buceros vigil, Forst, Ind. Zool. p. 40 (1781).
Hhinoplax vigil, Elliot, Mon. Bucerot pi. 10 [text] (1877); Hume
tf Dav. 8. F. vi. p. 115 (1878); Hume, 8. F. viii. p. 8G (1879);
Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 248; Oates, B. Brit. Burmah, ii. p. 89 (1888);
Hartert, J.f.O. 1889, p. 366; 8harpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 16.
Buceros scutata, Bodd. Tabl PL Enl. p. 55 (1783); Gray, Gen. Birds,
ii. p. 399 (1847).
Buceros scutatus, 8chl, Mus. Pays-Bas, i. Buceros, p. 1 (1862).
Bhmoplax scutatus, Horsf.fy Moore, Gat. B. Mus. E. Ind. Co. ii.
p. 581 (1856-8); 8alvad. Ucc. Borneo, p. 88 (1874) ; Hume, 8tr.
F. iii.p. 318 (1875).
Buceros galeatus; Gm. 8. N. i. p. 360 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i.
p. 142 (1790) ; Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 24 (1811) ; Vieill. N Diet,
dHist. Nat. iv. p. 593 (1816) ; Baffi. Tr. Linn. 8oc. xiii. p. 291
(1822); Merrem, Ersch u. Gruher, Eneycl. xiii. p. 284 (1824);
WagI. 8ysL Av. Buceros, no. 4 (1827); Less. Traite Orn. p. 257
(1831) ; Blyth, J. As. 8oc. Beng. xvi. p. 998 (1847).
Bhinoplax galeatus, Gloger, Hand. u. Hilfsb. p. 335 (1842).
Buceroturus galeatus, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 89 (1850); id.
Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 2 (1854).
Adult male. Superciliary feathers and ear-coverts chestnut: lores,
top of the head, and crest brownish black; breast, back, and wingcoveits
dark brown, shading into brown on the scapulars, outer
secondaries, rump, and upper tail-coverts, many of the last having buff
centres ; rest of secondaries and primaries black tipped with white;
inner side of shoulders, bases of quills, belly, and rest of underparts
white ; centre tail-feathers very long (more than twice as long as
the second pair and twice and a half as long as the outer pair), pale
brown with white ends, outer pairs white, and all with a black
subterminal band: naked skin round the eye, on the throat, neck,
down the centre of the back, base of thighs, and underneath the
wings indian red; iris, legs, and feet the same; anterior half of
bill and front of casque yellow, posterior half of bill and rest of
casque deep red like the throat. Total length 63 inches, wing
18-5, tail 34, tarsus 3-3.
Adult female. Differs from the adult male in size only. Total
length about 50 inches, wing 16*5, tail about 26, tarsus 2*9.
Younger birds differ in the shape of the casque, which is rounded
in front instead of being abruptly truncated.
Immature birds without a casque have the basal part of the bill
greenish red and the naked parts yellowish (in the skin); the basal
parts of the dark-brown breast-feathers are mixed with rufous and
many of the least wing-coverts have buff tips ; otherwise the plumage
does not differ from that of the adult.
Hah. S. Tenabserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo.
428
a. $ ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk.
d,e. [tf] $ ad.
et imm. sk.
f-i
<$ $ imm.
sk.
h. $ imm.sk.
I.
(S imm. st.
m. $ ad. sk.
w, o. [cf J] ad.
sk.
p} q. Imm. sk.
BUCEE0TIDJ3.
Bankasoon, Mareli (Damson).
Malawoon, Jan.
JKeddah (Cantor),
Malacca.
Malacca (Maingay),
Malacca, July.
Malacca.
Singapore,
Lawas River.
Bararn, Sarawak.
Doubtful species.
Hume Coll.
E. W. Oates [0.].
India Museum.
Purchased.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
H. Cuming, Esq. [P.].
Governor Ussher [C.].
C. Hose, Esq. [0.].
Baceros rostixdus^ Eorst. Ind. Zool. p. 40 (1781).
TROGONIDJB.
429
Suborder TROGONES.
(By W. R. OaiLVIE-GEAJSTT.)
Palate schizognathous. Basipterygoids present. Sternum with
four notches.
Pemoro-caudal and semitendinosus muscles present, accessory
femoro-eaudal absent.
The first and second digits are turned backwards and supplied
by the flexor longus hallucis; the front toes are supplied by the
flexor perforans digitorum.
Pterylosis Passerine ; spinal feather-tract well defined from nape
to oil-gland, and not forked; the after-shafts to the contour-
feathers are very long; down absent.
Oil-gland nude.
Caeca present.
This suborder comprises one family only.
Family TROGONID.E.
Bill short, strong, wide and curved, the tip of the culmen
hooked ; the edges of the mandibles serrated or smooth. Nostrils
and base of the mandibles covered with well-developed bristles.
Tail-feathers 12.
Range. Indian, African, and Tropical-American Regions.
Key to the Genera.
I.
Upper tail-coverts extend to or beyond
the extremity of the tail 1. PHAROMACRTTS, p. 430.
II.
Upper tail-coverts do not extend
nearly to the extremity of the tail.
A.
Centre pair of tail-feathers the
same in both sexes :—
a. Purplish, bluish, or greenish, without
a terminal black band.
a'.
Sides of the face feathered ;
feathers behind the eye, and
ear-coverts produced into long
hair-like filaments; upper tail-
coverts extend to the middle
of the tail 2. EUPTILOTIS, p. 436.
430
TKOGONIDJE.
V. Infraloral space feathered ;
gape and cheeks partially
covered by a line of feathers
from the lores to the ear-
coverts; a space behind the
eye naked; throat greenish
or blackish ,.. . 6. HAPALODERMA, p. 477.
c'.
Infraloral space, gape, cheeks,
and space behind the eye
naked; throat yellow 1. 8. HAPALARPACTES, p. 496.
b.
Outer web and tip purplish blue ;
rest of inner web oil-green .... 3. TMETOTROGOX, p. 437.
c.
Bronzy green, shading into purplish
blue at the tip, and deeply
excised at the extremity 4. PRIONQTELUS, p. 439.
d. Chestnut, -with a black'terminal
band 7. HARPACTES, p. 480.
B.
Centre pair of tail-feathers different
in the two sexes. (Bronze-green,
blue, or purple, with a black terminal
band in the males, and
chestnut, grey, or blackish in the
females.) 5. TROGON, p. 440.
1.
PHAEOMACRUS.
Type.
Pharomachrus, Be la Llave, Registr. Trim. i. p. 48
(1831) . .\ .m ^ P. mocinno.
Calurus, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 337 (1837) P. resplendens.
Antisianus, u WOrb.f Ay ass. Index Universal p. 27
(1846).
Caliurus, Agass. Index Universal, p.. 61 (1846).
Cosrnurus, Reich. Av. Syst. Nat. pi. 88 (18-50) ... . [P. antisiensis.]
Pharomacrus, Sclat. P. Z. S. p. 60 (1858) P. antisiensis.
Tanypeplus, Cab. §• Heine,MILS. Hein. iv.p. 205 (1863) P. pavoninus.
Central pair of tail-feathers the same in both sexes.
Median wing-coverts unusually developed; upper tail-coverts
extending to the end of the tail or far beyond. Feathers of the
head much lengthened and forming a large crest, or almost normal.
Infraloral space and sides of the face feathered. Edge of the
upper mandible not toothed behind the subterminal notch.
Range. Central and South America as far south as Bolivia.
Key to the Males,
(Upper breast blood-red, outer web of primaries black.)
I.
Some of the upper tail-coverts enormously developed,
at least four times as long as tail mocinno, p. 431.
II,
Upper tail-coverts as long or slightly longer than
the tail.
a.
Greater part of three outer pairs of tail-feathers
white antisiensis, p. 433.
b> All the tail black.
a'. Bill yellow auriceps, p. 434.
b'. Bill red pavoninus, p. 436.
431
1 . PHAE0M1CRUS.
Key to the Females.
(Upper breast brownish, outer web of primaries edged with, buff.)
I.
Three outer pairs of tail-feathers toothed with
white.
A. Bill black.
a.
White marks on outer tail-feathers extending
across the inner web; head dull
golden green mocinno, p. 431.
b. "White marks on outer tail-feathers confined
to outer webs except at the extremities ;
head brown antisiensis, p. 433.
B. Bill red
pavoninus, p. 436.
II. Outer tail-feathers black
auriceps, p. 434.
1. Pharoinacrus mocinno.
Quezal, Newton, Fncycl. Brit. ed. 9, xx. p. 179 (1886).
Trogon pavoninus (nee 8pix), Temm. PI. Col 372 (1825); Less.
TraitS Orn. p. 120 (1831) ; Wilson, III. Zool pi. vi. (1831);
Dubois, Orn. Gal. i. p. 79, pi. 49 (1839).
Pharomacrus mocinno, La Llave, Megistr. Trim. i. p. 48 (1831);
Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 30 a (1849); Wiirtemb. Naumannia,
1852, p. 51; Cab. 8f Seine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 211 (1863) ;
Gould, Mori. Trogon. ed. 2, pi. i. [text] (1875) ; Garrod, P. Z. S.
1875, p. 345,1876, p. 511, pi. li. fig. 3; Forbes, P. Z. S.1881, p. 837.
Calurus mocinno, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p, 152 (1850).
Trogon resplendens, Gould, P. Z. S. 1836, p. 29, 1836, p. 12; Bonap.
P. Z. S. 1837, p. 101; Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. i. pi. 21 Ttextl
(1838).
Trogon (Calurus) resplendens, Goidd, Mon. Trog. ed. i. List of
Plates, sp. 21 (1838).
Calurus
resplendens, 8wains. Class. B. ii. p. 338 (1837); Gouldf
Mon. Trog. ed. i. syn. sp. Calurus, sp. 1 (1838) ,* Gray, Gen. B. i.
p. 71 (1845); Gray, List Fissir. B. Brit. Mus. p. 45 (1848);
Burm. 8yst. TJeb&rs. Th. Bras. ii. p. 273, note 1 (1856).
Trogon paradiseus, Bonap. [1826, ubi?] P. Z. S. 1837, p. 101.
Calurus paradiseus, Marti. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 12 (1844) \ Wiir
temb. Naumannia, 1852, p. 51.
Pharomacrus paradiseus, 8elat. fy 8alv. Ibis, 1859, p. 132 ,* Taylor.
Ibis, 1860, p. 118; 8alvin, Ibis, 1861, pp. 66, 138; 8clat. Cat.
Am. B. p. 277 (1862) • Cab. J.f. 0.1862, p. 175.
Trogon pavonius, Glog. Sand- u. Ililfsb. Nat. Ges. p. 201 (1842).
Pharomacrus mocinno, La Llave, var. costaricensis, Boiceard, P. Z. S.
1878, p. 48.
" Pharomacrus mocina, La Llave, var. costaricensis, Cab.,11 Boucard,
Orn. Misc. iii. p. 21 (1878).
"Pharomacrus costaricensis, Cab." Gould, Mon. Trogon. ed. ii.pi. i.
[in text] (1875); Boucard, Orn. Misc. iii. p. 21 (1878).
Adult male. Feathers of the head much lengthened, forming a
rounded crest; median wing-coverts unusually long, and upper
tail-coverts enormously developed, the centre pair being more than
four times as long as the tail. Peathers of head, chest, back,
lesser and median wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts bright
432 TEOGCOTDiE.
metallic green, washed with golden and with black bases ; beast,
belly, and under tail-coverts blood-red, darker on the upper breast;
thighs black, edged with metallic green ; primaries, secondaries,
greater wing-coverts, and three centre pairs of tail-feathers black,
the middle pair edged with metallic green ; three outer pairs white,
with black bases: bill yellow. Total length (to the end of the
tail) 14'2 inches, wing 8-2, tail 8, tarsus 0\o.
Immature males resemble the adult female, but the buff edges of
the outer webs of the primaries are toothed with black and the
outer webs of the secondaries are largely intermixed with buff.
The ends of the three outer pairs of tail-feathers are nearly pure
white.
Adult female. Feathers on the lores somewhat lengthened and
forming a short crest; median wing-coverts fairly developed, and
upper tail-coverts not extending beyond the tail; head and chest
brownish grey, washed with metallic green; rest of upper parts
like those of the male, but less brilliant; throat, breast, and belly
brownish grey; crissum and under tail-coverts red ; primaries and
most of the secondaries edged on the outer web with buff; three
outer pairs of tail-feathers have the greater part of the outer and
the end of the inner web white, barred with black: bill black.
Total length 13*6 inches, wing 8-1, tail 7'5, tarsus 0-75.
Immature female has the general tone of the upper parts, wings,
tail, breast, and belly brown, the metallic green parts of the adult
being represented by dull green ; the crissum, tail-coverts, and
three outer pairs of tail-feathers as in the adult female: bill
yellowish, brownish horn on the culmen.
Hal. High Forests of Central America from Guatemala to
Yeragua.
a. $ ad. sk. [Mexico.] Hardwicke Bequest.
b-h. (S imm., 5 San Martin, Que'zaltenango, Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. Guatemala, Oct. (Richardson).
i, Jc. <3 imm. sk. Pie de la Cuesta, San Marcos, Salvin-Godman Coll.
G uatemala, Nov. (Mckard$o?i).
7, m. c? ad. et Vera Paz, Guatemala (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
imm. sk.
n. $ ad. sk. Vera Paz, March (Salvin). Gould Coll.
o. <$ ad. sk. Cohan, Vera Paz. Gould Coll.
p-u. <$ § ad. et Rasche", Vera Paz, March (SalSalvin-
Godman Coll.
imm. sk. vin).
v-ar. c? $ ad. et Volcan de Fuego, Sept., Nov. Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. (Salvin).
b\ $ imm. sk. Volcan de Fuego, Dec. (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.
c'-e'. <$ ad, et Volcan de Agua, Nov. (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk.
f. <S ad. sk. Chilasco (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g'. 2 ad. sk. Guatemala. Zool. Soc. Coll.
h'. 5 ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
%'. S ad. sk. Costa Bica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k'. $ ad. sk. San Jose', Costa Bica, May Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Zeledon).
I', <$ ad. sk. Chiriqru, Panama. Gould Coll.
433
1 . PHABOMA.CRUS.
m'. 5 ad. sk. Volcande Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n'-r'. <$ 5 &cL et Oalovevora, Panama (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk.
s'. tf ad. sk. Calovevora, Panama (ArcS). Gould Coll.
t'-v\ £ ad, sk. Central America. ' Gould Coll.
w\ Skull.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Kiaromacrus antisiensis.
Trogon
antisiensis, If Orb. Voy. de TAmer. p. 381, pi. 06. fig. 1
(1835-44).
Pliaromacms antiaiensis, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 60 ; Cab. $ Heme,
Mus. Rein. Th. iv. p. 209 (1863) ; Berl. $ Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884,
p. 308, 1885, p. 107.
Trogon antisianus B'Orb. Mag. de Zool, Ois. pi. 85 (1837); Burm.
Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras. ii. p. 273, note 2 (1856).
Calurus
antManus, Gray, Gen. of B. i. p. 71 (1845) ; id. List
Birds in Brit. Mus. pt. ii. Sect. i. Fissirostres, p. 46 (1848);
Sclat. P. Z. 3. 1855, p. 137.
(1886).
Trogon pulchellus, Gould, Mon. Troy. ed. i. pi. 22 [text] (1838).
Trogon (Calurus) pulchellus, Gould, Mon. Troy. ed. i. List of Plates,
sp. 22 (1838).
Calurus pulchellus, Gould, Syn. sp. Calurus, sp. 9 (1838); Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 71 (1845); Bonap. Co?isp. Gen. Av. i. p. 152 (1850).
Pharomacrus pulchellus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Trogon peruvianus, Gould, Monogr. Trog. ed. ii. pi. ii. [in text]
(1858).
Trogon fulgidue, Gould, Mon. Troy. ed. i. pi. 24 [text] (1838) pmm.].
Trogon (Calurus) fulgidus, Gould, Mon. Troy. ed. i. List of Plates,
sp. 24 (1838).
Calurus fulgidus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 71 (1845); id. List Birds
in Brit Mus. pt. ii. Sect. i. Fissirostres, p. 46 (1848); Bonap.
Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 152 (1850); Sclat P.Z.S. 1855, p. 137;
Burm. Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras. ii. p. 273, note 5 (1856).
Cosmurus fulgidus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Pharomacrus fulgidus, Gould, Mon. Troy, ed. ii. pi. iii. [text]
(1858); Sclat Cat Am. B. p. 277 (1862); Sak. $ Godm. Ibis,
1879, p. 205 ; Sclat. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 535.
Tanypeplus fulgidus, Cab. $ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 208 (1863).
Adult male. Feathers of the head, throat, chest, lesser and
median wing-coverts, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts metallic
green with black bases; those of the crest, head, and upper back
more or less bronzed; feathers of the lores erect and forming a
cre&t; primaries, secondaries, and greater wing-coverts black;
breast, belly, and under tail-coverts blood-red, darker on the top of
the breast; three middle pairs of tail-feathers black; three outer
pairs white, with black bases; the middle and longest pair of tail-
coverts extend about an inch beyond the tail: bill yellow. Total
length 12-4 inches, wing 7*5, tail 6*3, tarsus 0*7.
In less mature specimens (P. fulgidus, Gould) the crest is less
YOL. XVII.
2 P
43 4
TEOG0KIDJ5.
developed, the head more bronze, and the basal half or more of the
three outer pairs of tail-feathers is black ; the outer webs of the
primaries are buff and black. In still younger birds the chin and
breast are greyish brown, while in a quite young specimen the tail
is almost similarly marked to that of the female, but the feathers
are more pointed and the outer webs of the secondaries as well as
the primaries are mixed with buff.
Adult female. Head, throat, and breast dull brown; chest brown,
washed with metallic green ; rest of the upper parts as in the
adult male, but the middle pair of upper tail-coverts are an inch
shorter than the tail; the primaries and secondaries are edged with
buff; tail black, the whole outer web of the sixth pair, half that of
the fifth, and the extremity of the fourth pair toothed with white :
bill black. Total length 12*1 inches, wing 7*6, tail 6'6, tarsus 0-7.
Hab. High forests of S. America, ranging from Venezuela
through Colombia, Ecuador, to Bolivia.
a, b. 3 ad. sk. San Jo.^e, Ecuador (BucJctey). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. S ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
dr-f. cJ? ad.sk. Quito. Gould Coll.
g~k. tfimm.st., Bogota. Sclater Coll.
^ imm., et 2
ad. sk.
1. ^ imm. sk. Bogota.
Purchased.
m. S ad. sk. Bogota.
Gould Coll.
n. S ad. sk. Bogota {Bowman). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, p. $ ad. sk. Chiquinquira, U.S.O. (Ulieeler). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. $ ad. sk. Concordia, U.S.C {Salmon). Salvin-G-odman Coll.
r.
<5 ad. sk. Santa Elena, U.S.C. {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
s.
J imm. sk. Ohinchicua \ alley, Sierra de Salvin-Godman Coll.
Santa 3Iarta (Simons).
t. <S ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
UjV.tf § imm. st. Aragua, Venezuela. Purchased.
w. $ imm. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
x.
<S ad.st. S. America. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].
y-v.
6 $ ad. S. America. Purchased.
st. et sk.
3. Pharomacras auriceps.
Trogon (Calurus) auriceps, Gould, Ann. Mag. N. II. ix. p. 238
(1842).
Calurus auriceps, Hartl. Verz. 31m. Brem. p. 12 (1844); Gray, Gen.
B. i. p. 71 (1845); Gray, List Birds in Brit. Mm. pt. ii. 'Sect. i.
Fis&irostres, p. 46 (1848) ; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 1*52 (1850) ;
Sclat P. Z.8. 1854, p. 110, 1855, p. 137.
Cosmurus auriceps, Bp. Co?isp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Pharomacrus auriceps, Gould, Man. Troq. ed. ii. pi. iv. [text] (1858),
and pi. iv. a (1875); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 00, 1859", p. 144, and
1860, p. 93; id. Cat. Am. B. p. 277 (1862); Wyatt, Ibw, 1871,
p. 375 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 240; Scl $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 535; Tacz. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 175 (1886).
Tanypeplus
auriceps, Cab. 8? Heine, Mm. Ilein, Th. iv. p. 207
(1863).
1. PirVROMACRUS.
435
Tanvpeplns heliactin, Cab. § Heine, Mas. Hew. Th. iv, p. 207
(1863).
Pliaromacrus aurieeps heliactin, BerL $ Tacz. JP. Z. S. 1884, p. 308,
and 1885, p. 107.
Pharomacrus xanfhogaster, Turatl § Salvad. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 652.
Trogon (Oalurus) hargitti, Oustalet, Le Nat. xiii. p. 261 (1891).
Adult male. Head, throat, and cheeks green, glossed with golden
bronze; feathers on the lores somewhat elongated and forming a
small crest• feathers on the chest, hack, lesser and greater wing-
coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts blood-red ; thighs black, tipped
with bronze ; primaries, secondaries, and tail-feathers black • greater
wing-coverts black, edged on the outer web with golden green• the
upper tail-coverts extend about an inch and a half beyond the tail:
bill yellow. Total length 14 inches, wing 8*3, tail 7*9, tarsus 0*8.
Immature male has no crest; throat and cheeks buff, rest of the
head blackish, tipped with golden bronze ; primaries and secondaries
edged on the outer web with buff, and the scapulars and greater
wing-coverts largely intermixed with the same colour; tip of the
outer tail-feathers suffused with white: bill black.
Adult female. Resembles the adult male, but the throat, cheeks,
and upper breast are bronze-brown; the primaries have the outer
web edged with buff; the tips of the two outer pairs of tail-feathers
are sometimes suffused with white, and the whole plumage is less
brilliant; the long wing- and upper tail-coverts, too, are less developed,
the latter scarcely reaching to the end of the tail : bill horncoloured,
blackish on the oilmen. Total length 13*5 inches, wing
8-3, tail 8, tarsus 0*8.
Immature female has the wings and head of the immature male,
and the upper breast brown, as in adult female.
Hob. High forests# of S. America, ranging from Golombia to
Peru.
a. S ad. sk, Ecuador.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
b.
(S ad. sk. Chiguinda, Ecuador, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Villagomez).
c. $ ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d-h. S ? ad. et Quito. Gould Coll. (Types
imm. sk. of the species.)
%. <$ ad. sk. U.S. Colombia {Harris). Sclater Coll.
k. $ ad. sk. U.S. Colombia. Purchased.
I, m. <$ $ ad. sk. U.S. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
n. 6 ad. sk. Bogota (Kelson), Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, p. <$ ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.
q, r. S ad. et Bogota. Purchased.
imm. st.
5. $ imm. sk. Bogota.
Sclater Coll.
t-v.
c?ad. etimm. Fusagasuga, May {Wheeler). Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.
w, .r. S ? ad. sk. Concordia {Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
y.
$ imm. sk. Sierra Nevada, Merida, VeneGould
Coll.
zuela {Goering).
2F2
436
TROGOJttDiE.
4. Pharomacrus pavoninns.
Trogon pavoninus, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 47, pi. xxxv. (1824); Steph.
in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiv. pt. i. p. 219 (1826); Gould, P. Z. S.1833,
p. 107, 1835, p. 29, 1836, p. 12 • id Monog. Trog. ed. i. pi. 23
[text] (1838).
Caluras pavoninus, Swains. Class, of B. ii. p. 338 (1837); Gray, Gen.
B. i. p. 71 (1845) ; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 293 (1850; ;
Bwm. Sgst. Uebers. Th. Bras. ii. p. 273 (1856), and note, sp. 3.
Tanvpeplus pa\oninu^ Cab. §* Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 205
(1803).
Pharomacius pavoninus, Sclat. 8? Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 583 ; Gould,
Monog. Trog. ed. ii. pi. v. (1809); r. Peh. Orn. Bras. pp. 20, 403
(1868-71); Sclat. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 293 ; iid. Nomencl Av,
Neotr. p. 104 (1873) j Taca. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 176 (1886).
Adult male. Head golden bronze, inclining slightly to green on
the cheeks and throat; feathers on the lores not elongate• chest,
back, lesser and median wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts
metallic green with black bases, those of the back especially being
also edged with bronze ; primaries, secondaries, greater wing-covertst
and tail black ; breast, belly, and under tail-coverts blood red; the
middle pair of tail-coverts extend almost to the tip of the tail: bill
red, yellow at the extremity. Total length 12*5 inches, wing 7*3,
tail 6*4, tarsus 0*7.
Adult female. Differs from the male in having the top of the head
brown, washed with green and bronze ; the chest brown, washed
with metallic green ; checks, throat, and breast brownish grey; the
primary and secondary quills with buff edges to the outer webs ;
the last third of the outer web of the outermost pair of tail-feathers,
the terminal sixth of the next pair, and the end of the fourth pair
toothed with white: extremity of bill blackish, base red. Total
length 12*1 inches, wing 7*1, tail 6*2, tarsus 0*65,
Hah. Eorests of the Upper Amazon and Eio Negro.
a. $ ad. sk.
b. 2 ad. sk.
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Chamicuros, Peruvian Amaz.,
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
c. cJ ad. sk.
Sept. (Bartlett).
Chamicuros, Peruvian Amaz., Sclater Coll.
d. $ ad. sk.
Sept. (Bartlett).
Chamicuros, Peruvian Amaz. Gould Coll.
e. J ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Peruvian Amaz. Sclater Coll.
f. 1mm. sk.
g. <$ ad. sk.
ft. Skeleton.
(Bartlett).
Barra do Rio Negro ( Wallace).
Eio Xi6, Rio Negro, June(Batterer).
Upper Ucayali.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Bartlett Coll.
2.
EUPTILOTIS.
Type.
Euptilotis, Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 6 [in text]
(1858) E. neoxenus.
Leptuas, Cab. § Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 206 (1863). E. neoxenus.
Three central pairs of tail-feathers black, glossed with purplish
3 . TMETOTROG-OST.
437
blue in both sexes. Infra]oral space and sides of the face feathered.
Feathers behind the eye and ear-coverts produced into long hairlike
filaments. Upper tail-coverts extend to the middle of the tail.
Bill very slender in proportion to tho size of the bird. Upper mandible
not toothed behind the subterminal notch.
Range. Mexico.
1. Euptilotis neoxenus,
Trogon neoxenus, Gould, Man. Trog. ed. i. pi. 25 [text] (1838).
Trogon (Calurus) neoxenus, Gould, Man. Trog. ed. i. List of Plates,
sp. 25 (1838).
Caluvus neoxenus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 71 (1845),-Gray, List Fissir. in
Brit. Mus. p. 46 (1848); Bonap. Consp. Gev. Av. 1. p. 152 (1850).
Cosmiirus neoxenus, Bonap. Cony). Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Euptilotis neoxenus, Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 6 [text] (1858).
Leptu is neoxenus, Cab.tyHeine, Mus. Mein. Th. iv. p. 206 (1863).
Adult male. Head, cheeks, lengthened tufts behind the eyes, and
throat black slightly glossed with bluish green, and the top of the
head with dull bronze-green ; ends of the feathers of the chest,
sides of neck, back, lesser and median wing-coverts bronzy green,
shading into bluish green on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts, bases greyish black; breast, belly, and under tail-coverts
blood-red; thighs blackish grey ; primaries black, white towards
the base of the outer web : secondaries black with white bases, and
greater wing-coverts black, both edged with metallic green : bill
blackish horn. Total length 13*3 inches, wing 8, tail 7'6, tarsus 0*7.
Adult female. Differs from the adult male in having the head,
cheeks, and throat dull blackish grey, and the neck and chest grey,
shading into brown on the breast. Otherwise the plumage is the
same. Total length 13*3 inches, wing 8, tail 7*8, tarsus 0*7.
An immature specimen^ probably a young female, resembles the
adult, but the belly and under tail-coverts are pinkish, mixed with
buff, and the outer secondaries show traces of having been blotched
with buff.
Hah. Mexico.
a-e. <$ $ ad. et Sierra de Valparaiso, Mexico, Salvin-Grodman Coll
imm. sk. July* Aug. (Richardson).
f.
J ad. sk. Sierra Madre, Nayarit, 8000 ft., Salvin-Godman Coll.
Mexico, July (RlcImrdso?i).
g-i. <$ 2 ad. sk. Mexico (Floresi). Salvin-Godinan &
Gould Colls.
(Types of the species.)
A\ Imm. sk. [Mexico,] Purchased.
3. TMET0TE0G0N.
Type.
Temnotrogon, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854). T. roseigasler.
Tmetotrogon, Cab. 8f Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. p. 166
(1863) T. rliodogaster.
Centre pair of tail-feathers with the outer web and tip purplish
433
TROGONIDJC.
blue, the rest of the inner weh oil-green, and the second and third
pairs purplish blue in both sexes. Infraloral space and sides of the
face feathered; ear-coverts produced into hair-like filaments. Upper
tail-coverts not abnormally lengthened. Edge of npper mandible
toothed behind the sub terminal notch.
Range. San Domingo.
1. Tinetotrogou rho&ogaster.
La Couroucou
damoiseau, Levaill. Hist, Nat. Cuuroiw. ty Tourac.
pt. iii. p. 17, pi. 13 (1806).
Trogon roseigaster, Vieill Encycl Meth. Orti. pt. iii. p. 1358 (1823) ;
Gould, Hon. Trog. ed. i. pi. 20 [text] (1838); Gray, Gen. B. i.
p. 69 (1845); Bonap. Consjy. Gen. Av. i. p. 149 (1850); Sclat. P. Z. S.
1857, p. 235; Salle, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 235; Gould, Mon. Trogon.
ed. ii. pi. 32 [text] (1858); Bryant, P. Bust. Soc. N. H. xi. p. 95
(1866).
Termmrus roseigaster,
Gould, Mon. Trog., syn. sp. Ternnurus, sp. 2
(1838).
Trogon (Ternnurus ?) roseigaster, Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. i. List of
Plates, sp. 20 (1838).
Temnotrogon roseigaster, Bonap. Cdnsp. Vol Zygod. p. 14 (1854);
Gray, ITand-L B. i. p. 83 (1869) ; Cory, B. Haiti fy San Domingo,
p. 95 (1885); id. List B. W. Ind. p. 18 (1885) ; Cory, B. W. hid.
p. 155 (1889).
Tmetotrogon roseigaster, Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. Syn. of Species,
p. xix (1875).
Trogon domicellus, Cuv. Beg. Anim. ed. ii. i. p. 459 (1829).
Trogon rhodogaster, Temm. PL Col. iii. gen. Courouc. sp. 14 (1825).
Tmetotrogon rhodogaster, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 166
(1863).
Temnotrogon rhodogaster, Scfat. fy Salv. Nom. Av. Keotr. p. 103
(1873).
Adult male. Differs from the female in having the wing-coverts
blackish washed with bronze, without any white bars, the secondaries
uniform blackish grey, and the outer webs of the primaries margined
but not barred on the outer web with white. Total length 11*5
inches, wing 5*6, tail 6'5, tarsus 0*7.
In a somewhat younger specimen the terminal portion of the
outer web of the primaries has traces of bars like that of the female.
Adult female. Lores and chin black; cheeks, ear-coverts, and
throat darker grey; the ear-coverts long and hair-like at the ends;
top of the head dull olive-green, becoming bronze on the occiput;
back, least wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts bronze-green;
chest and upper breast pale grey; lower breast and rest of under
parts blood-red; wings black, quills with white bases ; primaries
margined on the basal part and barred on the terminal part of the
outer web with white; greater primary-coverts and inner secondaries
toothed on the outer web with white; rest of wing-coverts and
secondaries with narrow distinct bars of white on both webs * tail with
a well-marked subterminal oval dark purplish-blue spot, rudimentary
or absent on the outer web of the two outer pairs of tail-feathers,
489
4 . PItlOKOTELTTS.
and sometimes also on the fourth: bill pale yellow; feet flesh.
Total length 11*5 inches, wing o*6, tail 6*4, tarsus 0*7.
Hah. San Domingo.
a, b. cT g ad. sk.
c, d. J $ ad. sk.
San Domingo (Salle).
San Domingo (Salle).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
<*,/• 6 S ad. sk.
g, h. $ S ad. sk.
San Domingo.
San Domingo.
A. Salle* [0.].
A. Salle |_C.J.
4.
PRIONOTELUS. _
Type.
Temnurus (nee Less. 1831), Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 33/
(1837) P. albicollis.
Priotelus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 10 (1840) P. temnurus.
Prionotelus, Reich. Av. Syst. Nat. pi. 88 (1850) P. temnurus.
Sexes entirely similar. Centre pair of tail-feathers bronzy green,
shading into purplish blue at the tip, second and third pairs purplish
green; all the feathers deeply excised. Infraloral space and sides
of the face feathered; the ear-coverts produced into long hair-like
filaments. Upper tail-coverts normally developed. Edge of upper
mandible toothed behind the sub terminal notch.
Range. Cuba.
1. Prionotelus temnurus.
Trogon temnurus, Temm. PL Col. iii. pi. 326 (1825); Vig. Zool.
Journ. iii. p. 443 (1827); Less. TraiU WOrn. p. 120 (1831);
Gould, Mon. Trogon, ed. i. pi. 19 [text] (1838); JD'Orb. in Ramon
de la Sagrds Hist. Nat. Cuba, iii. p. 165, Atlas, pi. xxvi. (1840);
Gundl. J. Bost. Soc. N H. vi. p. 319 (1857).
Priotelus temnurus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 10 (1840); Gray, Gen. B.
i. p. 70 (1845); Bonap. Consp. Av.
i. p. 150 (1850); Gundl J.
f. O. 1856, p. 106 ; Brewer, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. vii. p. 307 (1860) ;
Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 83 (1869); Gundl. Rep. Fisico-Nat. Cuba,
i. p. 298 (1866) ; id. J. f. O. 1874, p. 165; Cory, B. West Ind.
p. 155 (1889).
Prionotelus temnurus, Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 164
(1863).
Prionteles temnurus, Sclat. fy Salv. Norn. Av. Neotr. p. 103 (1873).
Prionoteles temnurus, Cory, List B. W. I. p. 18 (1885).
Temnurus albicollis, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 337 (1837).
Trogon (Temnurus) albicollis, Gould, Mon. Trogon. ed. i. list of
Plates, sp. 19 (1838).
" Temnurus silens, Herz. Wiirtte?nb." Hartl. in Naumannia, ii. p. 51
(1852). "
Adult male. Lores, cheeks, and ear-coverts black, the latter
produced into hair-like filaments; top of the head and nape black,
glossed with dark greenish blue and purple; back, lesser and
median wing-coverts bronze-green, shading into dark green on the
rump and upper tail-coverts; chin, throat, and breast pale grey,
palest on the chin and lower breast, shafts of chin-feathers black
and brittle-like; belly and under tail-coverts blood-red; thighs
TROGOMDJE.
dark grey, edged with white; primaries black, tlie first and second
toothed with white on the outer web, the remainder with the
basal part margined and the terminal part toothed with white,
the extent of the margin increasing and the number of white
notches diminishing on the inner primaries; secondaries, greater
primary and secondary coverts black glossed with dark green, the
forme/ with white bases, and all three oxnamenfied with a subterminal
white spot, usually confined to the edge of the outer web,
but extending across both on the outer secondaries and their corerts ;
three outer pairs of tail-feathers with the basal part black slightly
glossed with blue, and the remainder white *•—the white on the
outer web extending nearly to the base on the outer pair of feathers,
while in the fourth ancl fifth pairs it takes the form of oblong spots
among the black ; a subterminal white spot next the shaft on the
black of the inner web in the two outer pairs: culmen black, lower
mandible and base of upper red; feet dark flesh. Total length
10*2 inches, wing 5*1, tail 10*2, tarsus 0*7.
The adult female resembles the male.
Hab. Cuba,
a. Ad. sk. Cuba. Purchased.
/>, c. Ad. sk.
d Ad. hk.
e. Ad. sk.
f\g. Ad. hk\
Cuba.
Cuba (Wright).
Cuba (McLeannan).
Ban Cristobal; Cuba.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godmnn Coll.
Sal vin-Godman Coll.
//. S ad. sk.
L Ad. sk.
A*. Ad.sk.
Kemedio*, Cuba, Feb. (£n/a/it),
[Cuba.] ' ' '
[Cnba._|
Mrs. Brvant [P.].
Gould Coll.
Laugler Coll,
r5. TEOGOIT,
lype.
Trogon, Linn. & X. i. p. 167 (2706) , T. strigilattis.
Trogonurus, Bonap. Consp. Zyy. p. 14 (1854) T. eollaris.
Ciirucuju«, ibid p. 14 (1854) „ T. xnelanurus.
Pothinus, Cab. 6f Heine, Mm, Hein. iy. p. 180 (1863). T. atricollis.
Aganus. iid. L c. p. 184 (1863) T. braccatus.
Ilapalophoras, iid. I c. p. 11)9 (1^63) T. suiucua.
Troctes, iid L c. p. 201 (1863) . T. ruelanuras.
Sexes with the centre pair of tail-feathers different—bronzegreen,
blue, or purple, with a terminal black band in the males, and
chestnut, grey, or blackish in the females. Infraloral space and
sides of the face feathered. Upper tail-coverts normal. Upper mandible
behind the subterminal notch more or less toothed.
Range, Mexico, Central and South America north of about the
Tropic of Capricorn.
* In some specimens the subterminal part of the white of the outer web and
the basal part of the inner are speckled with brownish black.
5 . TKOGON.
Key to the Sjoecies.
I.
Three outer pairs of tail-feathers tipped
with white.
A.
Males with the chest bronze-green. Females
with upper parts olive-brown.
a. Lower belly blood-red or orange.
a'. Centre pair of tail-feathers metallic
green or bronze. (Males.)
a". Three outer pairs of tail-feathers
with a square terminal white
band, much wider than the rest if
pre** nt.
a"'. Remainder of the outer pairs of
tail-feathers black
b'". Remainder of the outer pairs of
tail-feathers black with obsolete
white bars
(/". Remainder of the outer pairs of
tail-feathers with black and
w^hite bars of equal width ... .
d'". Remainder of the outer pairs of
tail-feathers white with narrow
black bars
e"\ Remainder of the outer pairs of
tail-feathers white freckled
with black
b". Terminal white band of three outer
pairs of tail-feathers not, or only
slightly, wider than the rest of
tlif1 nflVS
/"' . Belly redf/". Belly deep orange
b'. Centre pair of tail-feathers reddish
brown. (Females.)
c". Scarlet of nnderparts separated
from the white pectoral band by
the brown upper breast
d". Scarlet or orange of unclerparts
extending to the white pectoral
band.
h'".
Throat and cheeks deep black .
ini
. Throat and cheeks greyish or
brownish.
a%. Ring of white feathers round
the eye forming a small patch
behind; terminal white bar
of three outer pairs of tail-
feathers wider
b%. Ring round the eye usually
absent, or very slight if present;
terminal white bar of
three outer pairs of tail-
feathers narrower.
a\ Belly red
b\ Belly orange
mexicanus <$, p. 444,
personatus S ? p. 446.
collar is c?, p. 448.
elegans <$, p. 449.
ambiguas <$, p. 451.
puella <?, p. 452.
auranteiventris tf $.454,
mexicamts 2 , p. 444.
personatus $ ; p. 446.
collaris $, p. 448.
puella J , p. 452.
auranteiventris $ ,p.434.
44 2
THUG02JIDJS.
e". Scarlet of underparts separated
fiom. the white pectoral band by
the whitish lower breast and upper
belly.
k'". Three outer pairs of tail-feathers
have the black bars, except the
last one or two, broken up into
freckle*
/'". Three outer pairs of tail-feathers
have the black bars separate
and distinct
b.
Lower belly yellow.
c'. Centre pair of tail-feathers metallic
green glossed with blue or bronze .
d\
Centre pair of tail-feathers reddish
brown
B.
Males with the chest dark bltii&h green,
purple, or dark grey. Females with the
upper parts grey.
c.
Centre pair of tail-feathers metallic
green, bronze, or blue. (Males.)
e'. Wing-coverts uniform black or dark
grey.
/'' . Breast and rest of underparts vermilion
; che.st blackish grey,
slightly glos&ed with purple ...**.
g". Breast and rest of underparts
orange-yellow or lemon-yellow,
m'". A white pectoral band; client
grey, slightly globsed on the
sides with green; rest of the
underparts lemon-yellow ... .
?i'". No white pectoral band.
cK Head and chest blackish grey,
clK Head and chest purple.
c\ Outer pair of tail-feathers
black, with the last third
white.
cP. Outer pair of tail-feathers
white, with only the base
black
e5. Outer pair of tail-feathers
black, barred and tipped
with white .
/' . Wing-coverts black, finely vermiculated
with white; belly and underparts
orange-yellow, no white pectoral
band; head and chest purple j
outer pair of tail-feathers black,
barred and tipped with white ... .
g\ Wing-coverts finely vermiculated
with black and white,
h".
Breast and belly yellow; head
black, nape and chest purplish
blue j white pectoral band; outer
tail-feathers black, barred and
tipped with white
ambiguitb J , p. 4-31.
elegans 9, p. 449.
utricollis d%p. 4-JO.
atrkottis J , p. 455.
bainli d\ p. 401.
citreolus J , p. 461.
[p. 402.
melaaocephalm d,
viridls $, p. 4-38,
chionnrus $, p. 46*0,
ramonianus $, p. 468.
meridionalls <$, p. 467.
ealir/afus rf, p. 46o.
5. TROGOtf. 443
i". Breast and "belly blood-red or
orange.
d". Outer pair of tail-feathers barred
with black and white; belly
blood-red.
e*. Back glossed with golden
green ; a white pectoral band;
three outer pairs of tail-
feathers widely tipped with
white, and equally barred
with black and white variegatus J? p. 408.
fK Back glossed with bluish
green; no pectoral bandj three
outer pairs of tail-feathers
Mack, narrowly barred and
tipped with white bolimanus $, p. 470.
p'". Outer pair of tail-feathers with
the basal half black.
gl. Belly red surucura S , P- 471.
A4. Belly orange auranthts tf, p. 471.
d. Centre pair of tail-feathers grey or
blackish grey. (Females.)
h'. Belly vermilion bairdi 2, p. 461.
i'. Belly yellow.
k". Wing-coverts uniform black or
dark grey.
q"\ A white pectoral band; outer
pair of tail-feathers black, with
the last third white dtreolas $, p. 461.
r'". No pectoral band; outer pair
of tail-feathers black, squarely [p. 462.
tipped with white mekmoceplialus §,
I". Wing-coverts black, with narrow
distinct white bars.
s'". Wing 5*6 or more.
a4. Outer pair of tail-feathers
black, tipped and toothed on
the outer wreb with white .. viridis J , p. 458.
kK Outer pair of tail-feathers
black, with the last third
white chionurus $ 7p. 460.
t'". Wing ca. 5*0 or less. "*
ll. Outer pair of tail-feathers f ramcmianim $, p. 46R„
black, tipped and toothed on < meridionalis § , p. 467.
the outer web with white .. [ caligatus $ , p. 465.
k'. Belly blood-red or pale orange.
m". Outer pair of tail-feathers black,
tipped and toothed on the outer
web with white bolimanus J , p. 470.
n". Outer pair of tail-feathers black,
with the outer web' and tip
white.
u"'. Belly blood-red.
m4. Wing 4*7 variegatus § , p. 468.
w4. Wing 5'7 surucura § > p. 471.
v'"> Belly orange auraniius $, p. 47L
444
XKOGOKIDJE,
II. None of the tail-feathers tipped with white.
C.
Centre pair of tail-feathers and chest
green, glossed with blue or bronze.
(Males*)
e. Outer pair of tail-feathers uniform black.
V. A white pectoral band.
o". Wing 0*2, tail 6 melanums Si P- 472.
p". Wino-6'6, tail 7*1 maerio'us <$, p. 474.
m'. No white pectoral band; wing 7*2,
tail 7'1 massena d, p. 474.
/.
Outer pair of tail-feathers black, with
narrow distinct bands of white across
both webs and extending nearly to
the base of the feather clathratus <$, p. 476.
D.
Centre pair of tail-feathers and chest
grey. (Females.)
g. Outer pair of tail-feathers black ; breast
grey like the cheat.
n'. Wing 6*2, tail 6 melanums $, p. 472.
o'. Wing 6*5, tail 6*8 macrurus 2 ? P- 474.
p'. Wing 7*2, tail 6*9 massena J , p. 474.
h.
Outer pair of tail-feathers black, with
narrow distinct bands of white across
both webs, and extending nearly to
the base of the feather; breast brown,
contrasting with the dark grey client . clathratus 2, p. 470.
1. Trogon mexicanus.
Trogon mexicanus, Sicains. Phil Mag. p. 440 (1827): id. ZooL III.
(2) pis. 82 & 107 [d imm., 2 ad.] (1831-33); Gould, Monog.
Trog. ed. i. pis. i. & ii. [text] (1838); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 70
(1845); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 41 (1848); Bonap. Consp.
Gen. Ai\ i. p. 150 (1850); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 307, 387;
Sclat 4* Sale. Ibis, 1859, p. 132T 1800, p. 41 ; Sclat Cat Am. B.
p. 276 (1802); Cab. § Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 108 (1863);
Gar rodf P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 404, 031; Sclat. § Salv. Xomencl. Ar.
Feotr. p. 103 (1873); Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. vii. Ttext]
(1875); Gar rod, P. Z. S. 1&76, p. oil.
Trogonurus mexicanus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Trogon (Trogonurus) mexicanus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 82 (1869).
Trogon glocitans, IAclit, Preis-Verz. JIed\ Th. v. Deppe u. Sckiede, p. 1
(1830); id. J.f.O. 1863, p. 55.
a Trogon morgani, Swains.,'" Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. i. text to pi. 1
(1838).
Adult male. Lores, cheeks, chin, and throat black; rest of head,
chest, sides of neck, and back bronze-green, shading into bluish
grey on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; a white band across the
upper breast; rest of underparts blood-red; thighs black; wings
black, bases of the inner primaries and the secondaries white;
lesser, median, greater secondary-coverts, and outer web of secondaries
finely vermiculated with white; middle tail-feathers green,
with a teiminal black band ; second and third pairs black, more or
less glossed with green on the outer web, and the three outer pairs
5. TROGON. 445
black with, the last inch white : hill yellow. Total length 12 inches,
wing 6, tail 7*1, tarsus 0*75.
Immature males differ from the adult in having the breast
immediately bolow the white band and the under tail-coverts mixod
with brownish-olive and buff feathers, the outer webs of the primaries
white-edged, those of the secondaries vermiculated with
buff, the centre pair of tail-feathers mixed with rufous at the
extremity, while the three outside pairs resemble those of the adult
females, but are less regularly marked. In still younger examples
the plumage of the uppor and unclerparts is like that of the female
interspersed with that of the male, and the under tail-coverts are
all tawny ; the median wing-coverts and scapulars have large
terminal buff spots edged with black.
Adult female. Head, throat, chest, upper breast, back, rump, and
upper tail-coverts olive-brown ; a ring of white feathers round the
ej e, widened into a small patch behind; a white band across the
upper breast; lower breast, belly, and under tail-coveits scarlet:
thighs black; primaries and secondaries brownish black with white
bases, the former edged on the outer web with white, and the latter
finely vermiculated with brownish buff, as are also the lesser, median,
and greater secondary-coverts ; middle pair of tail-feathers rufous-
brown, with a buff and black terminal band; second and third
pairs black, and three outer pairs black with an irregular wedge-
shaped white terminal portion, and the margins of both the inner
and outer webs toothed with white : bill blackish horn, yellowish on
the lower mandible. Total length 11-6 inches, wing 5'6, tail 7,
tarsus 0*6.
An Immature female resembles the adult, but the median wing-
coverts and scapulars have large terminal buff spots edged with black.
Hab. Mexico and Guatemala.
a. Ad. sk. Real del Monte, Mexico. J. Taylor, Esq. [P.].
(TV vgon nwrgani, Swains.)
b, c. $ ad. et Sierra del Nayarit, June Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. {Richardson).
d-g. c? ad. sk. Sierra de Bolanos, Mar. {RichSalvin-
Godman Coll.
ardson).
h. S imm. sk. Santana, Jalisco, Aug. {Lloyd), Salvin-Godman Coll.
i-l. d $ ad. sk. Sierra Nevada de Colima, Salvin-Godman Coll.
April {Lloyd).
m-p. $ $ ad. sk. Sierra Nevada de Colima, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Dec. {Richardson).
Ohimalpa (Tacubaya), Valley Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. § ad. sk.
of Mexico, July {Ferrari-
Perez).
Coapa (Tlampam)j Valley of Salvin-Godman Coll.
r. i$ imm. sk.
Mexico, March {Ferrari-
Perez).
Tenango de Valle, Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll.
s. (S imm. sk.
Oct. {Richardso?i).
t-x. S $ ad. et Eio Frio, Ixtaccihuatl, Sept. Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. (Richardson).
y, z. c?ad. etimm, Near City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.
446 TROGOXIDJE.
a'. $ imm. sk. Coatepec, Vera Cruz, "SOY. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Trujilh).
V . $ imm. sk. Capre "de Perote, Xov. (JTVM-Salvm-Goduian Coll.
jillo).
c -k'. 6 2 ad. et Oinilteme, Guerrero, July Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. (Smith).
m'. c? ad.sk. Villa Alta, Oavaca, March Salvin-Godman Cull.
r,
(Tn/Jillo).
72*. (5 imm. sk. Jucliateujo, Oaxaca, April Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Tri/jPIo).
o1 .
.. S ad. sk. Oasuca, June { TrajUlo). Salvin-Godman Coll.
. 6 ad. sk. (Xmica {Feno< hio). Salvin-Godman Coll.
-s. o' 2 ad. et Mexico [ISOca). Gould Coll.
imm. sk.
t\ $ imm. sk. Parada, Mexico (Rcbovch). Sclater Coll.
u' . 0 ad. sk. Guatemala. Tweeddale Coll.
v'.. J ad. sk. Santa Cruz Mts., Vera Paz, Tweeddale Coll.
Dec. {Salvia).
w1-s'. S 2 ad. et San Geronimo, Vera Paz, Bee. Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. {Salvia).
et
a", b". 6 2 ad-San Geronimo, Vera Paz, Dec. Gould Coll.
imm. sk. ^ (Salvia).
c".. $ ad. sk. Volcan de Fuego, 3 an. (Sahiri). Gould Coll.
d" . (j1 imm. sk. Volcan de Fuego (Salvia). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f/
e-f. cT 2 ad. et Santa Maria, near Quezalte-Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. nango, Aug. {Richardson).
k"'. d ad. sk. San Martin, Quezaltenango, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Oct. | Ilkhardsoa)
I",. 2 ad.sk. Chuipache,Quezaltenango,Sept. Sah in-Godman Coll.
(liichardson).
m ". Skeleton. Volcan de Fuego. Salvin-Godman Coll.
ri ';o". Skeleton. Volcan de Fuego. Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Trogon personatus.
Trogon personata, Gould, Ana. &? Mag. X H. ix. p. 287 (1842).
Trogon personatus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 70 (1845); Bonap. Con*p.
Gen. Av. i. p. 150 (1850) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 137, 1858,
p. 555,1859, p. 144, I860, p. 93: id. Cat. Am. B. p. 227 {mvl);
Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. x. [tex€ (1875) ; Sclat. $ Sale.
P. Z. S. 1879, p. (332 $ Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 60.
Trogommis personatus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Trogon (Trogonurus) personatus, Gray, ILand-l. B. i. p. 82 (1809).
Trogon heliotnrix, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. p. 300 (1844), et Faun.
Peruana, pp. 41, 257 (1845-46); Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 4
(1849); Bo7iap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 150 (1850); Tacz. P. Z. S.
1874, p. 547,1882, p. 43.
Trogon assimilis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1846, p. 67; Gray, Gen. B. iii.
App. p. 4 (1849); Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 150 (1850).
Trogonurus assimilis, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Trogon propinquus, Cab.fyHeine, Mus. Hein. Tli. iv. p. 175 (1863).
Trogon personatus propinquus, Berl. $ Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884. p. 307,
1885, p. 107 j Tacz. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 166 (1886).
Trogon personatus heliothrix, Tacz. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 167 (1886).
Adult male. Lores, cheeks, and throat deep black ; rest of head,
chest, sides of the neck, hack, ramp, and upper tail-coverts bronze
5 . TROGOK. 447
green, inclining to bluish on tlie head and upper tail-coverts; a
white pectoral zone separates the chest from the breast, belly, and
under tail-coverts, which are blood-red; thighs black; primaries
and secondaries black with white bases, the former with white
margins to, and the latter with fine white vermiculations on, the
outer web ; greater primary wing-coverts black, rest of the coverts
black, finely vermiculated with white ; centre pair of tail-feathers
bronze-green, with black terminal bar; second and third pairs the
same, but the inner web black ; three outer pairs black, obsoletely
barred with white, and each with a wide terminal white band :
bill yellow, blackish on the upper part of the culmen. Total length
11 inches, wing 5*2, tail 6*3, tarsus 0*6.
A male after the first moult differs from the above in having the
white bars narrow but distinct.
An immature male has many of the white feathers in the pectoral
zone finely barred with black, and the plumage of the underparts,
especially the under tail-coverts, mixed with rufous feathers ; the
greater secondary-coverts and the secondaries resemble those of the
adult female, but are also blotched with buff at the extremities ; the
lesser and median coverts are like those of the adult male; the
middle pair of tail-feathers have the extremity rufous, which is
repeated in the second and third pairs in a less degree; the three
outer pairs are black; most of the outer webs and a wide terminal
part white, mixing irregularly with the black; the margins are in
addition irregularly mixed with rufous-buff and marked with black.
Adult female. Lores, cheeks, and throat deep black, rest of head,
chest, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts olive-brown; a white
pectoral band separates the chest from the red breast, belly, and
under tail-coverts; thighs blackish grey; wings as in the male
adult, but the coverts are finely vermiculated with buff; middle
tail-feathers rufous-brown with black terminal band; second and
third pairs the same, but the inner web black; three outer pairs
black, banded with white on the outer and terminal half of the
inner webs, and each with a wide white terminal bar: bill yellow.
Total length 10*4 inches, wing 5*1, tail 6*1, tarsus 0*55.
An immature female differs from the above in having the under
tail-coverts mostly rufous-buff, while the tail-feathers resemble
those of the immature male.
Hal. Ranging from Bolivia through Peru, Ecuador, Colombia,
Yenezuela, and British Guiana.
a,b. <$ 2 ad. sk. Tilotilo, Pro v. Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Buckley).
c. <$ ad. sk. Peru. Gould Coll.
(Type of the species.)
d. S ad.sk. Huasampilla, July (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. 2 ad. sk. Cosnipata, July ( Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/ . J ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.
y, h. $ imm.sk. Marovina (Villayomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.
V. S ad. sk. San Lucas (Villayomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7c. c? ad. sk. Matos, June (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
/, m. S ad. sk. Quito. Gould Coll.
448
TR0G0SIDJ3.
n. d ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased.
o,g. 2 a<*.et Colombia. Gould Coll.
imm. sk,
q, r. S ? ad. sk. Colombia. Sdvin-Godman Coil.
s-u. S ? ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.
v. $ ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
w-z. 3 2 ad.sk. Zitaguira ( Wheeler). Rah in-Godman Coll.
a. 9. ad. sk. Fusagatuga, May ( Wheeler). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b', c. tf ad. sk. Venezuela. * Gould Coll.
d'-f* <5 ? ad. Rorainia, Brit. Guiana, Jan., Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk. Nov., Dec. (Wliitely).
3. Trogon collaris.
? Curucui, Marcgrave, Hist. Bras. p. 211.
PTroaron brasiliensis viridis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 173 (1760).
? Trogon curucui, Linn. S. N. p. 167 (1766).
Le Couroucou rosalba, Levaill. Hist. Nat. Ois. Courouc. et Tourac.
pt. iii. p. 12, pi. vi. (1800).
Trogon collaris,
Vieill N. Dirt. cVHist. Nat. via. p. 320 (1817); id.
Encycl. Meth. iii. p. 1362 (1823); Less. Traite Om.f. 119 (1831);
Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. i. pi. 5 Ttext] (1838); Gray, Gen. B. i.
p. 69 (1815) ; id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 41 (1848); Bonap.
Consp. Gen. Ac. i. p. 149 (1850); Burm. Si/st. Uebers. Th. Bras.
ii. p. 276 (1856): v. Pekeln, Site. AJcad. Wien, xx. p. 506 (1856) ;
Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 88; v. Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 19 & 403 (1MK71)
; Finsoh, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 559 ; Sclat. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 293; Tacss. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 547; Gould, Mon. Trorj. ed. ii.
pi. xiii. [text] (1875): Sclat. § Salv. P. Z. S. 1879. p. 534 ; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1880, p. 210,1882, p. 43; id. Orn. Perou, iii.. p. 163 (1886).
Trogon (Trogonurus) coll iris, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 82 (1869).
Trogonurus collaris, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Trogon castaneus, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 48* pi. 37 F $ ] (1824).
Trogon auratus, Swains. An. in Menag. p. 329 (1837?); id. Class. B.
p. 337 (1837); id. B. Braz. $ Mexic. pis. 61 & 62 [tf ? ] (1841).
Trogon rosalba, Cm\ Meg. Anim. i. p. 459 (1829); Haril. Verz.
Mus. Brem. p. 12 (1844).
Trogon eytoni, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 368.
Trogon elegans, Licht. {nee Gould) in Mus. BeroL \_Jide Cab. §• HeineT
Mus. Hem. iv. p. 178 (1863)1.
Trogon erythrinus, Licht. in Mus. BeroL [iid. I. c]
Trogon exoptatus, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. Iv. p. 179 (1863).
Trogon curucui, Hahn, Vog. As., Afr., Am. etc. vii. pi. 3 (1818-36);
Cab. 8f Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. iv. p. 176 (1863).
Trogon vaginalis, Cab. $ Heme, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 173 (1863) ;
Berl. # Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 572,1884, p. 307.
Adult male. Resembles the adult male of T. personatus, but the
head and tail-coverts are bronze-green like the back; the wing-
coverts are white vermiculated somewhat coarsely with black, and
the three outer pairs of tail-feathers have the middle of the basal
part black, a wide bar at the extremity white, and the rest of the
feathers transversely barred with black and white bars of equal
width: bill yellow. Total length 10-3 inches, wing 5*3, tail 6*1,
tarsus 0*6.
Immature males differ from the adult in a similar manner to that
5 . IR0G03S".
449
described in the young of T. jpersonatus; the three outer pairs of
tail-feathers resemble those of the adult female, but in some speci
mens the outer web and the subterminal part of the inner are
barred with black almost as in the adult male.
Adult female. Like
the adult female of T. jpersonatus, but the
throat and cheeks are brownish; the yermiculations on the wing-
coverts are coarser, and the three outer pairs of tail-feathers have
each a wide white terminal bar, separated by a narrow black bar
from the rest of the feather, of which the central part is black,
shading into white freckled with black towards the margins. Total
length 10*4 inches, wing 5"13 tail 6, tarsus 0*6.
Rah. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peruvian Amazons, and
Brazil.
a-c. S $ ad. et Bahia.
Gould Coll.
imm. sk.
d. <$ ad. sk. Rio de Janeiro. Eyton Coll.
(Type of Trogon eytoni, Eraser.)
e. $ ad. sk. Villa Maria, Brazil, Aug. Salvin-Godman €oll.
(Naiterer
/. $ ad. sk. Ucayali, July (Hauxivell) Gould Coll.
g. S ad. sk. Upper Ucayali, July. E. Bartlett [C.].
h, i. 6 S ad. sk. River Amazon. Bates Coll.
h.
<S ad. sk. Yquitos, Upner Amazon, Salvin-Godman Coll.
June (Whitely).
lr-n.
(S ad. et Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Gould Coll.
imm. sk.
o. $ imm. sk. Pallatanga, Oct. (Fraser), Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. J ad. sk. Gualaquiza (Fraser). Gould Coll.
q, <$ ad. sk. Sarayacu (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
r.
(S ad. sk. Lower Amazons (\ Salvin-Godman Coll.
s. (S ad. sk. Bogota.
Sclater Coll.
t. (3 ad. sk. Bogota.
Purchased.
u, v, 6 § ad. sk. Santa Elena, U.S. Colombia, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sept. (Salmon).
w. S ad. sk. Fusagasug&, May (Wheeler). Salvin-Godman Coll.
x. (S ad.sk.(vac.). Medina, Llanos of E. Meta Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Wheeler).
y, z, $ J ad. sk. Concordia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
a'. <$ ad. sk. Concordia (Salmon). Gould Coll.
b', c'. <$ $ ad. sk. Vicinity of Medellin (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d', e'. cS $ ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
f,g'> 6 $ ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. Gould Coll.
A'. $ ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. J. Dyson.
*', hf. 6 2 ad. sk. Venezuela (Spence). Sclater Coll.
I', $ imm. sk. Oaripe, Venezuela, June Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Goering).
m'-o'. <$ J ad. sk. Trinidad. Gould Coll.
p', q'. (S ad. sk. Cayenne. Gould Coll.
4. Trogon elegans.
Trogon elegans, Gould, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 26 j Swains. Class. B. ii.
p. 337 (1837) ; Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. i. pi. 3 [text] (1838) j
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 69 (1845); Gray, List Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 43
(1848); Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 117; Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii.
pi. 9 [text] (1869); Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 322.
VOL. XVII.
2 0
450
TKOGONID2E.
Trogonuriis elegans, JBonap. Consp. Vol. Zygocl. p. 14 (1854)^
Trogon (Trogonurus) elegans, Gray, Eand-h B. i. p. 82 (1870).
Trogon personalis, HartL (nee Gould) Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 12
(1844) [fide Cab. § Seine, Mus. Eein. Tk. iv. p. 170 (1863)1.
Oalurus auriceps, Earth (nee Gould) Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 12 (1844)
[iid. h ft]
Adult male. Closely resembles the adult male of T. collaris, from
which it differs in the following points :—the forehead is black with
a slight bluish gloss• the black vermiculations on the white wing-
coverts are finer; the black bars on the three outer pairs of
tail-feathers are not so wide, giving these feathers the appearance
of being white narrowly barred with black; the bill also is much
stronger. Total length 12 inches, wing Q-5, tail 7*6, tarsus 0*6.
An immature male has the upper parts like the adult male, but
the top of the head is brown tipped with bronze-green. The rest of
the plumage resembles that of the adult female, except that the buff
feathers of the upper breast are faintly barred with black, the red
advances further up the belly; many of the wing-coverts have terminal
buff or white blotches, and the basal half of the centre pair
of tail-feathers is glossed with bronze.
Adult female. A ring of white feathers surrounds the eye and
forms a patch edged with black on the ear-coverts; rest of the
head, chest, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts brown, inclining to
black on the lores, cheeks, and throat; a white pectoral zone separates
the chest from the breast, which is brownish buff shading into
white on the upper part of the belly, rest of the belly and under
tail-coverts pinkish red; thighs greyish black; primaries blackish,
margined on the outer web with white• secondaries blackish, their
outer webs like the wing-coverts and scapulars buff, faintly vermiculated
with dusky• centre pair of tail-feathers reddish brown with
a terminal black bar• second and third pairs black, washed with
reddish brown on the outer web; the three outer pairs somewhat
like those of the female of T. mexkanus—the basal and central
part of each feather is black, the extremity white, and the remainder
white somewhat widely crossed with narrow black bars.
Total length 11*5 inches, wing 5*3, tail 6-6, tarsus 0*5.
Eab. Guatemala, Nicaragua.
a. <$ ad. sk. Virgin Bay, Lake of Nicara- Salvin-G-odman Coll.
gua (Bridges).
I. $ ad. sk. Ohontales, Nicaragua (Belt), Salvin-Godman Coll.
e-f.
(S J ad. sk. El Volcan, Chinandega, April Salvin-Godman Coll
to July (Richay'dsoii).
g. $ ad. sk. Comayagua,Honduras(Tr«y/or). Sclater Coll.
h-n, $ ? ad, sk. La Libertad, San Salvador; Salvin-Godman Coll.
Feb. (Mchardson).
o-s. <J $ ad. sk. Volcan de San Miguel, March, Salvin-Godman Coll.
July (Mchardsori).
t, u. $
imm.; J Guatemala. Gould Coll.
ad. sk.
v. <J ad. sk. No loc. Gould GolL
(Type of the species.)
w. cJ ad. sk.
Purchased.
5 . TROGON. 451
5. Trogon ambiguus.
Trogon ambiguus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 30; id. Mon. Trog. ed. i.
pi. 4 (1838) ; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 69 (1845); Bonap. Consp. Gen.
Av. i. p. 149 (1850); Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 8 (1858);
Lawrence, Mem. Boston Soc. ii. p. 290 (1874) ; Ridgw. Auk, iv.
p. 161 (1887); id. P. U. 8. Nat. Mm. x. p. 147 (1887).
Trogon (Trogonurus) ambiguus, Gray, Kand-l. B. i. p. 82 (1869).
Trogonurus ambiguus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Trogon rnexicanus, Baird {nee Sivains.), U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv.,
Birds, p. 5, pi. 2. figs. 1 [c? ad.] & 2 [juv.] (1859); id. B. N.
Amer. p. 09, Atl. pi. (1860).
Adult male. Kesombles the adult male of T. elegans, but the
upper parts are golden bronze with green reflexions, most pronounced
on the rump and upper tail-coverts; the middle pair of
tail-feathers are rich fiery crimson-bronze with dark green reflexions
and wide black terminal bars, the second and third pairs repeat the
same colour on the outer web, and the three outer pairs have black
bases and wide white ends, separated by a more or less distinct
black line from the remainder of the feather, which is white freckled
with black: bill yellow. Total length 11*2 inches, wing 5*3,
tail ()•(), tarsus 0*65.
The immature males differ from the adult in having the white
pectoral zone extending on to the breast; the middle pair of tail-
feathers rufous, at the extremity merely edged with black, the
second and third pairs of feathers black, with the margin of the
outer web glossed with bronze, while the three outer pairs have the
basal and central portion of the feathers black, the margins white
with narrow wide-set bars of black, and the extremities white.
In less mature specimens the greater part of the head, back, and
chest are brown, and the breast and under tail-coverts a mixture of
whitish brown and white tipped with dusky; the median wing-
coverts, greater secondary-coverts, and scapulars are widely tipped
with white or buff and edged with black.
In quite young the plumage of the upper parts and chest is brown,
inclining to rufous on the rump; the white pectoral zone is distinctly
marked, the breast and belly are buff-white tipped with
brown, and the rest of the plumage is as above.
Adult female. Eesembles the female of T. elegans, but the three
outer pairs of tail-feathers resemble those of the adult male of her
own species ; but the black freckling is coarser and forms a few irregular
bars immediately behind the black line which bounds the
white extremity: bill yellow. Total length 11*2 inches, wing 5%
tail 6*5, tarsus 0-65.
The young female resembles the quite young male described
above, but has the middle tail-feathers uniform rufous-brown, not
edged with black at the extremity, and a few pink feathers round
the crissum.
Hah. Mexico.
a} b. 6 $ ad. sk.
e. S worn. sk.
d. $ imm. sk.
Mexico (Floresi).
Mexico {Richardson).
W. Mexico {Bartlett).
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
2a2
452 TAO&OSH)^!.
e-g. ($ 2 &&' s^«
k 5 ad. sk.
a&* e^
imm. sk.
m, n. <$ imm. et
$ ad. sir.
i-L S 2
o. J ad. sk.
p-t. s 2 a<^et
imm. sk.
it, v. $ j uv. et 2
ad. sk.
to. 3 ad. sk.
.v, 2 a<i-sk.
y, a. <$ ad. sk.
«',&'. S ad. et
imm. sk.
c'. cJ a& sk.
#, e'. S 2 a<*« sk.
f,g'. cj2ad.sk.
A', £'. tf ad. et 5
iinm. sk.
h'-m'. c?imm., $
ad. et imm, sk,
n'. $ ad. sk,
or. $ ad. sk.
p\ (S juv. sk.
g'. c? ad. sk.
r'. d ad. sk.
s'-io'. S ad. et
imm.; Jad.sk.
x'. $ ad. sk.
y'-b'. S 2 a(i. et
S imm. sk.
2 a(3-e^
d-d.
imm. sk.
f-l'. d1 ad. et
imm.; 2 a#. sk.
m'. $ ad. sk.
ft-#'. c? ? ad. et
imm. sk.
yr. $ ad. sk.
Ysleta, Sonora, May {Lloyd).
Sierra de Alamos, Sonora,
May (Z%aJ).
Tres Marias Is., "W". Mexico,
Feb., April (Jbrrer).
Presidio de Mazatlan, Jan.,
Oct. (Forrer).
Tepic, May (Richardson).
Santiago, Tepic, May, June
(Richardson).
Sierra Madre de Jalisco, June
{Richardson).
San Bias, Jalisco.
San Bias, April {Richardson).
Zapotlan, Jalisco, April, Dec.
{Lloyd 4* Richardson).
Volcan de Colima, Dec, Jan.
{Richardson).
Beltran, April {Lloyd).
Bolaiios, March, July {Rich
ardson).
Sierra de Nayarifc, June, July
{Richardson).
Aniula, Guerrero, Aug.
(Smith).
Omilteme, Guerrero, July, Aug.
{Smith).
Oaxaca (Fenochio).
Tuparate {Verdey).
La Lana, April {Salle).
Coajimalpa(Tacubaya), Valley
of Mexico, April {Ferrari-
Perez).
Chackapa, Puebla, July {Ferrari-
Perez).
Sierra de Valparaiso, Zacatec,
July, Aug. {Richardson).
Sierra de San Luis Potosi,
July {Richardson).
Ntievo Leon, May, June {Armstrong).
Tamaulipas {Richardson).
Sierra Madre, above Ciudad
Victoria, Tamaulipas, April,
May {Richardson).
Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas,
April {Richardson).
Tampico, Feb., March, June
{Richardson).
[S. America.]
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvm-Godman Coll.
Salyin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godinan Coll,
Salyin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salyin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman ColL
Salyin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salyin-Godman Coll.
Salyin-Godman Coll.
Salyin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salyin-Godman Coll.
Salyin-Godman Coll.
Salyin-Godman Coll.
Salyin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
6. Trogon puella.
Trogon puella, Gould, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 18; Gray, Gen. B. p. 70
(1845); Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 149 (1850) ; Sclat P. Z. S.
1856, p. 286; Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 11 [text] (1858); Sclat.
O. TKOGOST.
453
P. Z. S. 1850, pp. 367, 387; Sclat. fy Sab. Ibis, 1859, pp. 132,
216, 1860, p. 41; Sclat Cat. Am. B. p. 276 (1862) ; Cab.
J.f. 0. 1862, p. 173; Garrod, P. Z. & 1873, pp. 464, 631,1876,
p. 511; Boucard, P. Z. & 1878, p. 48,1883, p. 454.
Trogonurus puella, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Trogon (Trogonurus) puella, Gray, HancU. B. i. p. 82 (1869).
Trogon xalapenbis, JDu Bus, JEJsquiss. Orn. pi. 2 [text] (1845); Lafr.
Mev. Z. p. 180 (1847); Bonap. Consp. Gen. Ax\ i. p. 150 (1850).
Trogonurus xalapensis, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zijd. p. 14 (1854).
Trogon luciani, Less, ex Bonap. 1837; Bonap. Compi Rend, xlii,
p. 955, note 1 (1856).
Adult male. Lores, superciliaries, ear-coverts, cheeks, and throat
black : rest of head, chest, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts green
glossed with golden bronze; a white pectoral zone below the chest;
rest of breast, belly, and under tail-coverts blood-red; wings black;
bases of inner primaries and secondaries white; outer webs of the
primaries margined with white, and those of the secondaries finely
vermiculated with white ; wing-coverts finely vermiculated with
white, forming wide-set but distinct wavy bars on the least
coverts; middle pair of tail-feathers bronze-green with a black
terminal band, the second and third pairs are the same but with the
inner web black; the three outer pairs are black, narrowly barred
with white except on the basal and middle part, and the terminal
white bar is not, or scarcely, wider than the preceding. Total
length 10*7 inches, wing 5'5, tail 6, tarsus 0*6.
The immature male differs from the adult in having the three
outer pairs of tail-feathers either like those of the adult female but
more coarsely marked, or black barred with white, the white bars
being much wider, nearly as wide as the black, and becoming more
broken and less regular towards the end, which is widely tipped
with white. In this stage the present species closely resembles the
adult male of T. collaris, but may be at once distinguished by the
wing-coverts being black vermiculated with white, while in T. collaris
the exact reverse obtains.
In less mature specimens the feathers of the white pectoral zone
are barred with black, the outer webs of the secondaries and the
secondary-coverts are mottled and tipped with rufous-buff, and the
under tail-coverts are mixed with the same colour.
Adult female. Differs from the adult female of T. collaris in
having no white ring of feathers round the eye, and the white terminal
bars of the three outer pairs of tail-feathers narrower, Total
length 10*8 inches, wing 5*5. tail 64, tarsus 0-6.
The immature female differs only from the adult in having the
ends of the outer secondaries and secondary-coverts tipped with buff,
the under tail-coverts rufous-buff, and the white ends of the three
outer pairs of tail-feathers wider and, as in all young Trogons, more
pointed.
Hal. Banging from Mexico to Chiriqui.
a. cJ ad. sk. Mexico.
Purchased.
b. S
hum. sk. Ohirnalapa, Tehuantepec, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Mexico, March (Jtichardson).
454
TBOGOmXSL
c} d. S ad. et
imm. sk.
e.
J imm. sk.
/,
g. <S ad. et
imm. sk.
h. $ imm. sk.
i. <$ ad. sk.
k-p> 6 2
ad. et
imm. sk.
q. S ad. sk.
r-t. 6 2 ad. sk.
u, v. $ ad. et
imm. sk.
iv-y. S 2 ad. sk.
z,a'. 6 2 ad.sk.
b'. 2 ad. sk.
c'-e'. 6 ad. et
imm, sk.
/'. 2 nearlyad.sk.
g', h'. 6 2 inim.sk.
i'tf-6 ?ad. sk.
k'. 6 ad. sk.
l'-n'. S 2 ad.
et imm. sk.
o'. <$ ad. sk.
p\ S ad. sk.
of. 6 imm. sk.
r'. 3 ad. sk.
s'-w'. 6 2 ad-et
imm. sk.
$'. 6 ad. sk.
y. $ ad. sk.
z'. 2 a^-sk«
&". c? imm. sk.
b". 2 ad. sk.
c". c? ad. sk.
d"-(/". Skeletons.
h",i". Skeletons.
Vega del Casadero, "Vera Cruz,
Dec. (Trujillo).
Cofre de Perote, July (Trujillo)
Atoyac, Vera Cruz, April
{Smith). ^
Coatepee, Nov. (Tmfillo).
Misantla, March (Godman).
Jalapa, March, May.
Yucatan (Gaumer).
"W. District, British Honduras,
Jan. (Blancaneaux).
Cohan, Vera Paz, Guatemala,
Nov. (Salvin).
Retalhuieu, Guatemala, July
(Richardson).
Pie de la Ouesta, San Marcos,
Guatemala, Nov. {Richardson).
Santa Maria, near Quezaltenango,
Aug-. (Richardson).
Ckoctuin, Jan. (Salvin).
Choettmi, Jan. (Salvin).
Toleman (Salvin).
Toleman, Dec. (Richardson).
Volcan de Fuego, Feh. (Salvin).
Duenas (Salvin).
Escuintla.
Yaxcamnal (Salvin).
Medio Monte, Nov. (Salvin).
Alotenango, Feh. (Salvin).
Guatemala.
Ohiriquyn, Guatemala, Jan.
(Salvin).
San Mateo, Costa Rica, April
(Cooper).
Dota, July (Carmiol).
Angostura, Jan. (Carmiol).
Turrialha (Arce).
Chiriqui (Arci).
Alotenango.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godmaa Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
(T} pe of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-•Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin--Godman Coll.
Salvin-•Godman Coll.
Salvin-•Godman Coll.
Salvin-•Godman Coll.
7. Trogon auranteiventris.
Trogon auranteiventris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 107; Sclater, P. Z. S.
1856, pp. 139, 286 ; Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 12 [text] (1858);
Laior. Ann. Lyc. Neio York, vii. p. 290 (1861); Salvin, Ibis,
1866, p. 194.
Trogon (Trogonurus) auranteiventris, Gray, Hand-L R. i. p. 83
(1869).
Pothinus aurantiiventer, Cab. Sf Heine, Mus.Jffein. Th.iv.p.182 (1863).
Trogon sallsei, Ronap. Compt. Rend. xlii. p. 955 (1856).
Pothinus saltei, Cab. $ Heine, Mm. Rein. Th. iv. p. 183 (1863).
5 . TKOGON.
455
Adult male. Differs from the adult male of T. puella in having
the hreast, belly, and under tail-coverts orange instead of blood-red.
An adult male from Barranca, Costa Eica, has the breast and
underparts orange-red, exactly intermediate in colour between
T. puella
and T. auranteiventris.
Adult female. Differs from the adult female of T. puella only
in having the breast, belly, and under tail-coverts orange.
The young differ from the adults in the same way as the young of
T.
puella.
Hah. Banging from Guatemala to Yeragua.
It is very doubtful if this species is really distinct from T. puella
or merely a colour-variety.
a.
J imm. sk. Ohoctum, Vera Paz; Guatemala, Salvin-Godman Col].
Jan, (Salvin).
b.
<$ ad. sk.* Barranca, Costa Eica, April Salvin-Godman Coll.
( Carmiol).
c.
S ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Chiriqui. Gould Coll.
d. e. $ § ad. sk.
(Types of the species.)
f-i* 6 ? ad. et Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk.
k. § near. ad. sk. Santa Fe* (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.
It m. S $ ad. sk. Cordillera de ToU (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n, o. c? $ ad. & Veragua (ArcS). Sclater Coll.
nearly ad. sk.
8. Trogon atricollis.
A number of names have been given to specimens of this species
from different parts of its wide range, which extends from Nicaragua to
Eio Grande do Sul wherever there is forest. In comparing specimens
from these two localities numerous differences at once present themselves
: in specimens from Central America (T. tenellus) the middle
pair of tail-feathers are green glossed with peacock-blue, the bars on
the three outer pairs of tail-feathers are wider and less numerous,
and the breast and underparts are yellow unmixed with orange;
the specimens from South Brazil (T. chrysocMorus) are rather larger,
the middle pair of their tail-feathers are green glossed with bronze,
the bars on the three outer pairs of tail-feathers are narrower and
more numerous, and the breast and underparts are orange-yellow;
but these differences are more or less bridged over by specimens from
Guiana (T. atricollis), U.S. Colombia, Ecuador, and other intermediate
localities. The only characters which appear to be of any importance
to distinguish Central-American from all South-American specimens
are the colour of the middle pair of tail-feathers coupled with that of
the breast and underparts, though it must be added that in a single
specimen, labelled "Demerara, Gould Coll.," the centre pair of tail-
feathers have a distinct inclination to the peacock-blue shade of
T. tenellus, while the breast is orange-yellow as in other South-
American specimens (T. atricollis and T. chrysocMorus). It is
Intermediate between T. auranteiventris and T. pmtta.
456
TBOGONmE.
impossible to distinguish between the two last-named, and T. tenellus
can at most be considered as a race only of T. atricollis.
Bace A {Trogon atricollis).
Yellow-bellied Green Cuckoo, JEdio. Gleanings JSr. H. pi. 331 (1758)
Couroucou a queue rou&se de Cayenne, Daubent. PL Enl. pi. 736.
Couroucou oranga, Leva ill. Mist. Courouc. et Tourac. pt. iii. p. 14,
pis. 7, 8, 15 (1806).
Couroucou aurora, Levaill. I. c. pi. 9, p. 22 (1806).
Trogon curucui, yar. y, Gm. 8. N. L p. 403 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn.
i. p. 199. 1, yar. h (1790).
Trosron rufus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 404 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 200.
•5" (1790;; Stevh. Shaw's Gen. Zool. is. p. 9, pi. 3 (1815); Gran,
List Fissir. Brit. Mies. p. 42 (1848).
Trogon
atricollis, Vieill X. Diet. d7Hist Nat. viii. p. 318 (1817);
id. Gal. des Ois. i. p. 17, pi. 31 (1825); Less. Trait6 Orn. p. 119
(18ZI); Gould, Mon. Trog. ed.L-pi 8 [text] (1838); Gray, Gen. B.
i. p. 69 (1845) 5 Cab. Schomb. Beis. Brit Guian. iii. p. 719 (1848):
Bonaj). Consp. Gen. Ai\ i. p. 148 (1850) ; Burm. Syst. TJebers. Th.
Bras. ii. p. 279 (1856); v. Pelz. Sitz. Ah. Wien, xx. p. 507 (1856) ;
Peh. Orn. Bras. pp. 20,403 (1868-71); Finsch, P. Z. S.1870, p. 560;
8alvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 321; Sclat. § 8ah. Nom. An. Neotr. p. 104
(1873); iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 293 ; Gould, Mm. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 14
[text] (1875) ; Sclat £ Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 535 ; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1882, p. 43 ; Sakin, Ibis, 1886, p. 61; Tacz. Orn. Perou,iil p. 172
(1880).
Pothinus atricollis, Cab. § Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iy, p. IbO (1863).
Trogon (Pothinus) atricollis, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 83 (1869).
Trogon lepturus, Swains. An. in Menag. p. 331 (1837 ?) ; id. Class. B.
ii. p. 337 (1837); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 69 (1845).
Trogon meridionali&, Bemlle et Des Murs, Rev. Zool. p. 333 (1849);
Hartl.J.f. 0.1857, p. 43.
Trogon sulphureus, Des 3Iurs in Casteln. Bxped., Zool. Ois. p. 34
(1855).
Trogon chrysochloros, Natterer, MS. Cat, v. Pelz. Sitz. Ah. Wien,
xx. pp. 497, 505 (1856); id. Orn. Bras. p. 20 (1868).
? Aganus devfflei, Cab. § Seine, Mm. Hein. Th. iy. p. 191 (1863).
Trogon scalaris, Licht. Mus. Berol. [fide Cab. $* Heine, Mus, Hein. Th.
iy. p. 182 (1863)].
Eace B {Trogon tenellus).
Trogon tenellus, Cab. J.f. 0.1862, p. 173; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
yiii. p. 3 (1867); Salvin, Ibis, 1872, p. 321; Gould, Mon. Trog.
ed. ii. pi. 15 [text] (1875).
Trogon (Pothinus) tenellus, Gray, Hand4. B. i. p. 83 (1869).
Trogon atricollis, Sclat. $ 8ak. P. Z. S.1864, p. 364.
Trogon auranteiventris, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. M T. yii. p. 290 (1862).
Adult male. Lores, cheeks, and throat deep black; rest of head,
chest, sides of the neck, back, and rump bronze-green, inclining to
bluish on the upper tail-coyerts ; sometimes an indistinct white
pectoral band; breast and rest of nndorparts bright yellow or orange-
yellow ; thighs black; primaries and secondaries black with white
bases, the former with white margins to, and the latter with fine
white yermiculations on, the outer webs: greater primary wing
5. IKOGOK. 457
coverts "black, rest of the coverts black, finely vermiculated with
white; centre pair of tail-feathers green, glossed with peacock-blue
or bronze ; second and third pairs the same, with the inner webs
black; three outer pairs with the middle of the basal part black,
a wide bar at the extremity white, and the rest of the feathers
transversely barred with black and white bars of equal width : bill
horny yellow.
Total length 10*4 inches, wing 4*8, tail 6*0, tarsus *6 (S. Brazil).
„ 9*9 „ „ 4*65, „ 5'6o, „ '55 (C. America).
A quite young male resembles mostly the adult female, but the
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts are those of the adult male;
the outer wobs of the secondaries and the whole of the greater
secondary-coverts are buff, coarsely vermiculated with black and
tipped with paler buff; the lesser and median wing-coverts are
black, with narrow wavy bars of buff, the breast-feathers are barred
with dusky, and the middle of the belly and under tail-coverts are
rufous-brown like the middle tail-feathers, which have no terminal
black bar and are glossed with bronze on the upper half.
Adult female. Head, back, rump, upper tail-coverts, throat, and
chest brown, inclining to rufous on the head; an indistinct white
pectoral band separates the chest from the rest of the yellow underpays
; primaries and secondaries black with white bases, the former
with the outer web margined with white and the latter with the
whole outer web brown, vermiculated with black ; greater primary
wing-coverts black, edged on the outer web with brown; rest of
wing-coverts light brown, finely vermiculated with black; middle
tail-feathers rufous-brown with a terminal black bar, second and
third pairs the same, but with the inner web black, three outer pairs
like those of the adult male, but the black bars are only half the
width of the white and less regular: bill horny black, yellowish
towards the end of the lower mandible.
Total length 10*2 inches, wing 4*7, tail 6'0, tarsus *55 (S. Brazil).
„ 9*9 „ „ 4*55, „ 5-8, „ -5 (0. America).
Kace A (Trogon atricoUis).
Hah. S. America, north of about the Tropic of Capricorn.
a, b. <£ ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d. $2 ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.
e. <$ ad. sk. Demerara. Gould Coll.
/ . <5 ad. sk. Demerara. Salvin-Godman Coll.
g, h. $ $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Oct., Nov. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitehj).
i} j. <$ ad. et Sarayacu, Ecuador, Feb. (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. ley),
k. 5 near. acl. sk. Chamicuros, July. E. Bartlett, Esq. [C.].
1. J ad. sk. Barra do Bio Negro (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. <$ ad. sk. Borba, March (Naiterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n, o. <$ imm. et Ypanema, May, June (Natterer). Sclater Coll,
$ ad. sk.
458
TB0GO3TED.2B.
p. S inim. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Janeiro Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Youds).
q7 r. $ ad. sk. Rio Grande do Sid (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.
s. S acL sk* Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
t S &&-s^- Brazil. Sclater Coll.
u, v. $ $ ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
w.
$ ad. sk. No locality. (Abdomen and Gould Coll.
underparts nearly pure white.)
Eace B (Trogon ienellus).
Hob. Banging from Nicaragua to Panama.
XiV' 6 ? ad.sk. Gbontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll,
z, a'. <$ j ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.
b', d. <$ ad., $ Barranca, April (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
nearly ad. sk.
d'. <$ ad. sk. Angostura, Feb. (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e'Kf\ $ ad. et Bugaba, CMriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk.
g\ <$ juv. sk. Cordillera de Tole", Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll.
(ArcS).
h'. S a^. sk. Santiago (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i'. § ad. sk. Chitra (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k'. S ad. sk. Santa Fe" (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.
V. ^ ad. sk. Santa F6 (ArcS). Gould Coll.
m'. ^ ad. sk. Calovevora (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ra'. cj ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o'. 3 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
jz/. $ ad. sk. Cliepo, Panama, Nov. (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.
9. Trogon viridis.
Trogon Cayanensis viridis, Briss, Orn. iv. p. 168, pi. xvii. fig. 1
[c? imm.] (1760).
Trogon Cayanensis viridis, ventre candido, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 170
(1700).
Trogon Cayanensis cinereus, Briss. Orn. iv, p. 105, pi. xvi. fig. 1 [ 91
(1760).
Couroucou de Cayenne, Baubent. PI. JEJnl pi. 195 [ $ ].
Couroucou de la Guiane, Baubent. PL Enl. pi. 765 [$].
Couroucou a ventre jaune, Levaill. Hist.Courouc. etTourac. pt. iii. p. 8,
pis. 3,4(1806).
Couroucou albane, Levaill. I c. p. 10, pi. 5 (1806).
Trogon strigilatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 167 [ $ ] (1766); Steph.
Shaw's Gen. Zool ix. p. 10 (1815).
Trogon viridis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 167 (1766) ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 404
(1788); Lath. Lnd. Orn. i. p. 199 (1790); Steph. Shaw's Gen. Zool
ix. p. 11, pi. 4 (1815); Weill. Bncycl Meth. iii. p. 1361 (1823) •
Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 50 (1824); Less. Traits Orn. p. 119 (1831);
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 69 (1845); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 42
(1848) ; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 148 (1850); Burm. Syst.
Uebers. Th. Bras. ii. p. 277 (1856); v. Peh. Syst. Ah. Wien, xx.
p. 505 (1856); Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 275 (1862); Taylor, Ibis,
1864, p. 88; Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 21 [text] (1869); v. Beh.
Orn. Bras. pp. 20, 403 (1868-71); id. Ibis, 1873, p. 19; Sclat.
8r Salv. B. Z. S. 1873, p. 293; Tacz. B. Z. S. 1882, p. 43 ; Salvin,
Ibis, 1886, p. 61; Tacz. Orn. Perou, iii. p. 170 (1886).
5 . TKOGON. 459
Aganus viridis, Cab. § Heme, Mus. Rein. Tli. iv. p. 196 (1863).
Trogon (Aganus) viridis, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 81 (1869).
Trogon leverianus, Shaw, Mtis. Lever, p. 175 (1792); Vieill N. Diet.
cPHist. Nat. viii. p. 316 (1827); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 70 (1845); v.
Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 20 (1868).
Trogon violaceus, Spiv (nee Gmel), Av. Bras. i. p. 50 (1824); Wied,
Beitr. Naturgesch. Bras. iv. p. 297 (1832).
Trogon albiventer, Cuv. Beg. An. i. p. 459 (1829); Bonap. Consp.
Gen. Av. i. p. 148 (1850).
Trogon melanopteras, Sicains. Anim. in Menag. pt. iii. p. 832 (1837 ?);
id. Class. B. ii. p. 337 (1837); Gould, Mem. Troy. ed. i. pis. 10,11
[text] (1838).
Aganus venustus, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. iv. p. 194 (1863).
Trogon cyanurus, Hartl. MS.; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870; p. 559.
Adult male. Lores, cheeks, and throat black; rest of bead, nape,
chest, and upper breast shining purple ; back and least wing-coverts
golden bluish green with purple reflexions and shading into peacock-
blue or purple on the rump and upper tail-coverts; rest of breast
and underparts fine orange-yellow; thighs and wings black, the
quills with white bases and the basal half of the outer web of the
primaries margined with white; centre pair of tail-feathers bronze-
green with blue reflexions and a black terminal band, second and third
pairs the same, with the inner web black, three outer pairs black
with the apical part white, meeting the black obliquely and extending
nearer the base on the outer web: bill whitish. Total length
11 inches, wing 6, tail 6*2, tarsus 0*6.
Immature males resemble the adult females, but have the back,
rump, and upper tail-coverts like those of the adult male- the
wing-coverts and the secondaries are spotted on the outer web with
white or pale buff, and the centre pair of tail-feathers are slightly
glossed with greenish bronze.
Adult female. Head, chest, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts dark
grey; rest of underparts orange-yellow; thighs black; wings
black; quills with white bases, primaries with the basal half of the
outer web margined with white and the apical part spotted ;
secondaries, greater secondary-coverts, median and lesser coverts
widely barred with narrow wavy white lines • three centre pairs
of tail-feathers black, three outer pairs black with white tips, and
toothed with white on the outer web, the first few extending across
the shaft into the black of the inner web: bill horny black. Total
length 11 inches, wing 5*9, tail 6*3, tarsus 0*6.
Hah. South America north of about the Tropic of Capricorn.
a. $ ad. sk. S. America. Gould Coll.
b, c. (S $ ad.sk.
d, e. $ ad. sk.
Bogota, U.S.C.
Bogota.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman &
Sclater Colls.
/ . <$ inmi. sk. Medina, Llanos of R. Meta Salvin-Godman Coll.
g-i. d $ ad. sk.
;. J ad. sk.
k. <$ ad. sk.
(Wheeler),
Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley).
Napo.
Pilar, Venezuela, March
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Goering).
1. <$ ad. sk. Trinidad. Gould Coll.
460
TROGOXIDJE.
»2, n. c? ad. sk. Demerara.
Gould Coll.
o. J ad. sk. Demerara.
Purchased.
p,q.
<J $ ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll,
Sept., Oct. (Wkitehj).
r.
(J ad. sk. Attapurow Eiver, British Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guiana, Jan. (WMtely).
5. J ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll.
March (WMtely).
£. tf imm. sk. Oyapok, Trench Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Verdey)..
u-x. S S ad, sk. Lower Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.
y, z. d $ ad. sk. Eiver Amazon. Bates Coll.
a', V. S ? ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons, June Salvin-Godman Coll.
(WMtely).
o'. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.
d'-ti. <$ J ad. et Brazil. Salvin-Godman
imm. sk. & Gould Colls.
£', A', c? ad. sk. Pernanibuco (Craven). Sclater CoU.
/-w'. d ? ad. sk. Bahia (Wuckerer). Salvin-Godman,
Sclater, & Gould
Colls.
o'. cT ad. sk. Mato Grosso, Oct. (batterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p'. $ imm. sk. Sao Paulo (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q'. $ ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Province of Salvin-Godman Coll.
Eio Janeiro (Youds).
r'. Ad. skel. Purchased.
10. Trogon cMomirns.
TroG'on \iridis, Sclat. § Salv. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 304 ; Lawr. Ami. Lye.
New York, vii. p. 290 (1802).
Trogon chionurua, Sclat. #* Sah. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 843; Wyatt, Ibis,
1871, p. 374; Sclat. $ Sah. Komencl. Av. Neotr. p. 304 (1873);
iid. P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 535, 549.
Trogon eximius, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. Neio York, x. p. 11 (1874).
Adult male. Differs from the adult male of T. viridis only in
having the outer pairs of tail-feathers white almost to the base, the
fifth pair two-thirds and the fourth pair half white. Total length
11*1 inches, wing 5Sf tail 6-1, tarsus 0*55.
Adult female. Differs from the adult female of T. viridis m having
wide white ends to the three outer pairs of tail-feathers. Total
length 11*2 inches, wing 5*7, tail 5*8, tarsus 0*55.
In three females from Eemedios, Antioquia, all apparently quite
adult, the amount of white varies strikingly. In one the three
outer pairs of tail-feathers are almost exactly similar to those
described above in the adult male, in a second specimen the white is
confined to the apical half, while in the third the tail is as described
above. Possibly the white increases with each successive moult.
Eab. Eanging from
Panama through Colombia to Ecuador.
a. £ ad. sk, Veragua (Arci). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c.
S 2 a(i* s^* Panama (McLeannari). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)
d. £ ad. sk. Panama, Gould Coll.
e-k, (S J ad. sk. Eemedios, Antioquia, U.S. Salvin-Godman &
Colombia (Salmon), Sclater Colls.
f
5 . TEOGON. 461
I (S ad. sk. Medellin (Salmon). Gould Coll
m." <$ ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Illingioorth).
11. Trogon bairdi.
Trogon bairdi, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. New Fork, ix. p. 119 (1868) ; Salv.
Ibis, 1869, p. 316; id. P. Z. S. 1870 p. 202; Sol. # Salv. Nomencl.
Av. Neotr. p. 104 (1873); Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 23 [text]
(1875).
Adult male. Differs from the adult male of T. viridis only in
having the lower breast and rest of underparts scarlet, the three
outer pairs of tail-feathers with more white and less black at the
base, and the purple reflexions on the dark grey chest much fainter.
Total length 11*2 inches, wing 5-3, tail 5*8, tarsus 0*55.
Adult female. Differs from the adult female of T. viridis only in
having the lower breast and rest of underparts scarlet, the three
outer pairs of tail-feathers barred at the apical ends across both
webs with white, and the terminal white bars scarcely wider than
the rest. Total length 11*1 inches, wing 5-8, tail 6, tarsus 0*55.
Hah. Costa Biea and Panama.
a-e. <$ $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Ohiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ft g: d $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Ohiriqui (Arci). Gould Coll.
h, i. $ ad. sk. Bibalaz, CMriqui (ArcS). Gould Coll.
h. $ ad. sk. CMriqui (Arce). Sclater Coll.
I c?ad. sk. Ohiriqui. E. Arce* [C],
12. Trogon citreolus.
Trogon citreolus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 30; id. Mon. Trog. ed. i.
pi. 13 [text] (1838); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 69 (1845); Bonap.
Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 149 (1850); Sel $ Salv. Ibis, 1859, pp. 132,
219; Scl. fy Salo. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 104 (1873); Lawrence,
Mem. Boston Soc. ii. p. 290 (1874).
Aganus citreolus, Cab. $ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 197 (1863).
Trogon (Aganus) citreolus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 8^ (1869).
Trogon capistratum, Less. Bev. Zool. p. 136 (1842).
Trogon capistratns, Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 4 (1849).
Trogonurus capistratns, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Trogon lucidus, Liclit. Mus. Berol [fide Cab.fy Heme, Mus. Hein.
Th. iv, p. 197 (1863)].
Adult male. Head, nape, throat, and chest dark grey *; back
bronze-green, shading into peacock-blue on the rump and upper
* GS-ould remarks, in the first edition of his Monograph of the Trogons, that
the male specimen figured is an immature bird and that in fully adult
specimens the whole crown, like the neck, chest, and rest of upper surface, is of
a rich green. This, however, is not the case, for in a large series before me
containing many fully adult males, the whole crown, nape, and chest are dark
grey, the only exceptions being two specimens from Mazatlan, which have the
occiput and hinder part of the crown green glossed with blue, in contrast to
the greenish bronze of the back, and the chest slightly washed with green on
the sides. One or two of the specimens from the Territory of Tepic and a male
from Mexico (type of the species) are slightly washed with green on the
occiput.
TEoaosriDjs.
m
tail-coverts; a "white pectoral zone separates the chest from the
lemon-yellow breast and rest of underparts ; thighs dark grey ;
wings black, quills with white bases, and primaries with the basal
half of the outer webs margined with white; tail as in T. bairdi,
but the centre pairs of tail-feathers are bronze-green. Total length
10*5 inches, wing 5*o, tail 5*7, tarsus *6.
An immature male
resembles the adult, but the belly is whitish
yellow, and the
centre pairs of tail-feathers are greyish black
slightly glossed with bronze-green.
Adult female. Head, chest, back, and rest of upper parts dark
grey; centre pair
of tail-feathers greyish black with a black
terminal band, second and third pairs black ; rest of the plumage
as in the adult male. Total length 10*4 inches, wing 5-6, tail 5*9,
tarsus 0*6.
In an immature female the outer web of the secondaries is
blotched or margined with pale buff, and the black basal part of
the outer web of the three outer pairs of tail-feathers is more or
less toothed with white.
Hal. Mexico.
a, b. 6 $ ad. sk. Mexico, Gould Coll. ^ (Types
of the species.)
c. 2 a<^- sk*
Presidio de Mazatlan, Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jan. (Forrer).
cl J ad. sk. Mazatlan, Nov. (Forrer), Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. c? imm. sk.
Mazatlan (Xantus). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f-h.
<5 $ ad. sk. Mazatlan (Grayson). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Santiago, Terr, de Tepic, May Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Richardson).
l-a. S ? ad. sk. San Bias, Terr, de Tepic, April, Salvin-Godman Coll.
May (Richardson),
r. $ ad. sk. Colima {Lloyd). Salvin-Godman Coll.
s,t. <3 $ ad. sk. Culata (Manzanillo), Colima, Salvin-Godman Coll.
June {Lloyd).
u,v.
<$ $ ad. sk. Acapulco, State of Guerrero, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sept. (Smith).
w.
$ imm. sk. Eincon, State of Guerrero, Oct. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Smith).
x-z. <$ $ ad. sk. Tehuantepec, Feb. (Richai-d-Salvin-Godman Coll.
son).
a'-c'. d $ ad.sk. Tonola, Chiapas, Feb., Nov. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Sumichrast).
d\
e'. <$ ad. sk. Chimalapa, Tehuantepec, Salvin-Godman Coll.
March {Richardswi).
13. Trogon melanocephalus.
Trogon melanocephala, Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. i. pi. 12 (18*38).
Trogon melanocephalus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 70 (1845); id. List
Fissir. Brit. Mm. p. 42 (1848); Bonap. Consp, Gen, Av. i. p. 149
(1850); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 327; Gould, Mon. Troy. ed. ii.
pi. 27 [text] (1858); Sclat. JP. Z. S. 1859, pp. 367, 387; id.
§• Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 132; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 117 ; Sclat. Cat.
Am. B. p. 276 (1862); Sakin, Ibis, 1872, p. 322; Boucard,
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 454; Salmn, Ibis, 3889, p. 371, 1890, p. 88.
5. TE0G0N.
463
Trogonurus nielanocephalus, Bonap. Consp, Vol Zyg. p. 14 (1854),
Trogon (Aganus) melanocephalus, Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 82 (1869).
Adult male. Head, nape, and chest blackish grey; back bluish
green glossed with gold and shading gradually into purplish blue on
the rump and upper tail-coverts; breast and rest of underparts
orange-yellow; thighs and wings black, quills with white bases
and the basal half of the outer web of the primaries margined with
white; centre pair of tail-feathers bronze-green, with blue reflexions
and a black terminal band; second and third pairs the same with
the inner web black, three outer pairs black with the last inch
white meeting the black nearly horizontally : bill whitish, darker
towards the base. Total length 10*7 inches, wing 5-5, tail o*5,
tarsus 0*55.
Immature males differ from the adult in having the outer webs
of the secondaries margined with whitish spots; the black of the
outer web in the three outer pairs of tail-feathers is toothed with
white, and the middle pairs of tail-feathers are black glossed with
greenish bronze.
In a much younger specimen the wing-coverts and secondaries
are spotted and edged on the outer web with buff.
Adult female. Head, upper parts, and chest dark grey; rest of
underparts orange-yellow; wings and three outer pairs of tail-
feathers as in the adult male; three middle pairs of tail-feathers
blackish grey, with a black terminal band. Total length 10*4 inches,
wing 5-5, tail 5'5, tarsus 0*6.
Less mature females have the outer web of the three outer pairs
of tail-feathers toothed with white; otherwise they resemble the
above.
Hah. Ranging from Southern Mexico to Costa Rica.
a, b. S $ ad. sk. Mexico (D'Oca). Gould CoU.
c. c? ad. sk. Tampico, Feb. (Hichardson). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 5 ad. sk. Vera Cruz, Feb. (Richardson). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e.
S ad. sk. Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Dec. (Trujillo).
f.
$ nr, ad. sk. Misantla, X^era Cruz, Dec. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Trujillo).
g.
$ ad. sk. Laguna Verde, Vera Cruz, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sept. {Trujillo).
h~l.
<$ $ ad. sk. Teapa^ Tabasco, Feb., March Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Stnith).
m.
$ ad. sk. Vera Paz, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Hague).
n. S ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
0. $ ad. sk. Meco I., Yucatan, Nov. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Gaumer).
q. S ? ad. sk. Yucatan, May (Gaumer). Sclater Coll.
s. 6* ? ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
t. <5 imm. sk. Merida, Yucatan, May (Schott). Salvin-Godman Coll.
u--a'. <$ ? ad. sk. Buctzotz, Yucatan, April Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Gaumer),
V~f> 6
S ad. sk. Peto, Yucatan, April Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Gaumer).
464
TROG0TSID&.
g',h\ 6 2 ad.sk Belize, Britisli Honduras Saivin-Godrnan Coll.
(Blancaneaux).
i\ $ ad. sk. San Felipe, Western Britisli Salvin-Godman Coll.
Honduras, April (Blancaneaux).
k'. 6 ad, sk. Corosal, Britisli Honduras (Hoe). Salvin-Godman Coll.
I', m\ S nr. ad.; San Antonio, Britisli Honduras, Salvin-Godman Coll.
$ ad. sk. Jan., April (Bla?ica?ieaux).
»'-«'. <$ ? ad. sk. Cayo, Britisli Honduras, Feb., Saivin-Godman Coll.
March, April, July (Blan
caneaux).
if. $ ad. sk. Orange Walk, British HonSalvin-
Godman Coll.
duras, Dec. (Gaumer).
u', v\ d ad. et Honduras. Sclater & Gould
inini. sk. Colls.
w'. $ ad. sk. Honduras. Purchased.
of. <S ad. sk. Medina, Honduras (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
yr, z'. 3 J ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras Sclater Coll,
(Whitely).
o!\ ? ad. sk. La Union, San Salvador, Salvin-Godman Coll.
March (Salvin).
V.
(J ad. sk. La Libertad, Feb. (RichardSalvin-
Godman Coll.
son).
c". <? ad. sk. Volcan de San Miguel, April Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Richardson).
(?". c5 imm.sk. Nicaragua.
Gould Coll.
e". J ad. sk. Virgin Bay, Nicaragua Lake. Tweeddale Coll.
/". <$ ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll.
gn~m". (S ad. et El Volcan Ohimandega, April, Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. May (Richardson).
n". 2 inim.sk. Costa Eica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o",;>". c?$ad.st. No loc.
Purchased.
q". Skeleton.
TEOGON CALIGATUS, 3IEE1DIOXALIS, CUld EAITOXIAXUS.
To distinguish typical adult males of these three forms from one
another is no doubt easy enough. T. caligatus, from Mexico and
Guatemala, can be at once distinguished from the others by its
entirely blade head, blue nuchal collar, and finely vermieulated
black and white wing-coverts; in both T. meridionalis, from British
Guiana and Venezuela, and T. ramonianus, from Ecuador and the
Upper Amazons, the whole head is blue, and in the former the
wing-coverts resemble those of T. caligatus but the black predominates,
while in the latter they are entirely black. Prom
Guatemala and Panama we have some specimens (mostly immature
males) in which the nuchal collar is considerably wider, and the
blue extends over the back of the head, but the great majority from
these countries are typical T. caligatus. Again, in specimens from
Bemedios in Antioquia, the head is nearly as blue as in typical
T. meridionalis, and the birds must be considered as belonging to
that race, while from other parts of the U. S. of Colombia, and
Babahoyo in Ecuador, we find typical T. caligatus. The fact is,
these two races completely intergrade, and it is almost impossible
to draw a line between the two. T. ramonianus appears to be a
5 . TEOGON, 465
more distinct form, though, it is only to be distinguished from typical
T. meridionalis from Guiana by its entirely black wing-coverts.
So far as our specimens show these two do not intergrade, but their
immature males are very similar and both have the wing-coverts
somewhat vermiculated with white as in the adult of T. meridionalis
; and it is probable that when specimens of T. ramonianus
are obtained from the Lower Amazons, which more nearly approach
the range of the last-named, they will be found to intergrade.
It might perhaps be best to consider the three forms as merely
local races of one species, T. caligatus.
14. Trogon caligatus.
Trogon caligatus, Gould, Mon. Troy, ed. i. pi. 7 (1838); Gray, Gen.
B. i. p. 70 (1845); Gray, List B. Brit. Mus. pt. ii. sect. i. Fissirostres,
i. p. 43 (1848); SclaU P. Z. S. 1856, p. 286; v. Peh.
Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 495 (1856); Gould, Mon. Troy. ed. ii.pl. 16
[text] (1858) ; ticlat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 284; Lawr. Ann. Lyc.
New York, vii. p. 290 (1861); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 328 ; Salv.
$ Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 174 ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 454;
Tacz. Orn. Peroic, iii. p. 173 (1886).
Trogon (Aganus) caligatus, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 81 (1869).
Trogon concinnus, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. New York, vii. p. 463 (1862).
Aganus lepidus, Cab.fy Seine, Mm. Rein. Th. iv. p. 187 (1863).
Aganus braccatus, Cab. $• Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 184 (1863).
Adult male. Head and throat black; nuchal collar and chest
peacock-blue shaded with purple; back and upper parts bronze-
green, inclining to bluish on the upper back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts ; a more or less distinct white pectoral band; breast and
rest of underparts orange-yellow; sides grey ; thighs black; primaries
and secondaries black with white bases, the former with
white margins to, and the latter with white vermiculations on, the
outer webs ; greater primary-coverts black, re&t of the coverts
finely vermiculated with black and white; middle pair of tail-
feathers green glossed with blue and tipped with black, second and
third pairs the same with the inner webs black, three outer pairs
each with the basal and central part black, a wide white terminal
band, and the rest regularly barred with black and white, the latter
narrower: bill horny yellowish black. Total length 9-7 inches,
wing 4*8, tail 4*7, tarsus 0-55.
In a nearly mature malo the nuchal collar is less bright and more
diffuse, extending somewhat over the back of the head, some of the
greater coverts and inner secondaries are coarsely and irregularly
barred with white, the three centre pairs of tail-feathers are black
slightly glossed with green, and in the three outer pairs the black
and white transverse markings are less regular.
In a younger bird the back of the head and an irregular band
across the upper chest are bluish green, and the throat and remainder
of chest are blackish grey.
In a still younger bird no nuchal collar is developed, and the
chest and wings are nearly like those of the adult female.
Adult female. Head, throat, chest, and upper parts blackish grey;
VOL. XVII. 2 H
466 TROGONID-E.
breast and rest of underparts orange-yellow; wings black; primaries
margined with white; secondaries and coverts with narrow
wide-set white bars ; centre pair of tail-feathers blackish grey with
a black terminal band, second and third pairs black, three outer
pairs have almost the entire inner web and the basal part of the
outer black, the rest of each feather is white regularly barred with
black except at the end: " irides red: cere yellow; legs and feet
blue " (Fraser). Total length 9#8 inches, wing 5, tail 4*9, tarsus
0-55.
Immature female is similar to the above, but the wing-coverts
and secondaries have coarse irregular bars and markings; and the
black terminal bar on the middle tail-feathers is wanting.
Hah. Hanging from Southern Mexico through Panama and the
U. S. of Colombia to Ecuador.
a-d. d 5 ad. et Mexico.
imm. st.
e. S ad. sk. Mexico.
/. $ ad. sk. Vera Cruz (Boucard).
ff, h, <$ J ad. sk. Vera Cruz (Boucard).
it S ad. sk.
k. <$ ad. sk.
l-o. $ 2 ad. sk.
p. tf ad. sk.
q-s. S $ ad. sk.
t. $ ad. sk.
u. c? ad. sk.
v-y. d 2 ad. sk.
z, 3 ad. sk.
a'. <$ ad. sk.
b', c'. J ad. sk.
d'-f. 3 imm.3 5
ad. sk.
g'-k'. <5 ad. sk.
I', tf ad. sk.
m'. 2 ad. sk.
ri. <$ imm. sk.
o\ (S ad. sk.
p'. $ imm. sk.
q'~s\ <$ ? ad. sk. Dueiias (Salvin).
t\ $ ad. sk. Dueiias, Nov. (Salvin).
u'} v'. <S imm. sk. Sources Pdo de la Pasion, Feb.
w'. J ad. sk.
:v'. $ ad. sk.
;/, z'. S acl. sk.
au~</': c? 2 ad.
et imm. sk.
Oolipa, March (Godman).
Tehuantepec {Richardson).
Chinialapa, Tehuantepec,March
(Richardson).
Play a Vicente, Vera Cruz, Dec.
(Trujilb).
Atoyac, Vera Cruz, May
{Smith).
Misantla, Vera Cmz, Dec.
(Tmjillo).
Los Cerrillos, June (Trujillo).
Teapa, Jan., Feb. (Smith).
Tampico, June {Riehardsoyi).
Yucatan, May (Gaumer).
Peto, Yucatan,April (Gaimier).
Guatemala.
Retalhuleu, Guatemala, Jan.,
July (Richardson).
Cboctum, Vera Paz, Jan. (Sal
vin).
Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Teleman, Vera Paz (Salviri).
Tollman, Dec. (Riehardsoyi).
Volcan de Fuego, Aug. (Salvin).
(Salvin).
Alotenango, Nov. (Salvin).
Yaxcamnal (Salvin).
Volcan de San Miguel, March
(Richardson).
La Libertacl, Feb., March
(Richardson).
Purchased.
Gould Coll,
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Goduian Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater&Gould Colls.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
5. TROGON-. 467
^V - cf? ad.sk.
k"-m". d ad. sk.
»", o". d $ ad.
sk.
p". d ad. sk.
q". $ ad. sk.
r". J ad. sk.
s'', t". d ad. sk.
«". tf ad. sk.
?;f'-r". tf ad. et
imm. sk.
y". d ad. sk.
z". c? ad. sk.
«3. 2 ad. sk.
63, c\ d ? ad.
sk.
d*. d ad. sk.
e3. d ad. sk.
/V - d?ad.sk.
k\ i3. d ad. sk.
k*, P. Skeleton.
nv\n2. Skeleton.
o3. Skeleton.
Chon tales, Nicaragua (Belt).
El Volcan, Chinandega, April
(Richardson).
Angostura, Costa Rica, Jan.
(Carmiol).
Santa F&, Veragua (ArcS).
Calovevora, Veragua {Arci).
Castillo, Veragua (Arei).
Panama.
Panama.
Panama (McLeannan).
Paraiso Station, Panama
(Hughes).
San Pablo Station, Panama,
March (Saloin).
U. S. Colombia.
Minca, U.S.C.,March (Simons).
Santa Fe de Bogota.
Popayan.
Baoahoyo, Ecuador (Frazer).
Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing
worth).
Medio Monte.
Alotenan^o.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman &
Sclater Colls.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
15. Trogon meridionalis.
? Trogon violaceus, Gm. 8. K. i. p. 404 (1788) ; Steph. Shaw's Gen.
Zool ix. p. 8 (1815).
Aganus violaceus, Cab. 8? Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 190 (1863).
Trogon meridionalis, Swains. An. in Menag. p. 332 (1837 ?); id.
Class. B. p. 337 (1837),-Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. i. pi. 9 [text]
(1838) ; Cab. Schomb. Brit. Guian. iii. p. 719 (1848); Scl. Cat.
Am. B. p. 27Q (1862); v. Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 20, 403 (1868-71);
Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 17 [text] (1875); Sclat. fy Salv.
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 535 ; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 61.
? Trogon sulphureus, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 48, pi. xxxviii. (1824);
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 69 (1845); Gray, List Fissir. Brit. Mtis. p. 42
(1848) ; Beat. Ois. Trinidad, p. 101 (1866).
Pothinus sulphureus, Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 184
(1863).
Aganus caligatus, Cab. $ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 186 (1863).
Aganus crissalis, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 190 (1863).
Adult male. Similar to T. caligatus, but the entire head is blue
and the wing-coverts are blacker, the upper parts also, especially
the rump and upper tail-coverts and centre pair of tail-feathers, are
much more blue, and there is no indication of a white pectoral
band.
Adult female. Similar to that of T. caligatus, but no sign of white
pectoral band.
Hah. Eanging from Dutch Guiana to the TJ. S. of Colombia.
Trinidad.
2H2
46 8
TEOQOKID.E.
a. S ad. sk.
b,c. $ J ad. et
imm. sk.
^, e. (5 ad. et
imm. sk.
f. § imm. sk.
#. 5 ad. sk.
h. <3 ad. sk.
i. c? ad. sk.
;, &. c? ad. et
imm. sk.
l-n. 6 S ad. sk.
o-q. $ ad. sk.
Surinam, April.
Bartica Grove, British Guiana,
Sept., Oct. (Whitely).
Camacusa, June, Oct.( Whitely).
llorairua, Dec. (Whitely).
Attapurow Pi., Feb. {Whitely).
Demerara.
Venezuela (Boucard).
Trinidad.
Bemedios, Antioquia (Salmon*).
No loc.
E. Bartlett, Esq [C.J.
Salvia-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater&Gould Colls.
Sclater & Salvin-
Godman Colls.
Gould Coll.
16. Irogon ramonianus.
Trog'on ramoniana, Deville et Des Murs, Rev. Zool. p. 331 (1849);
Des Murs in Castehiav, Exped., Zool. Ois. p. 33, pi. xi. fig. 2
(1855); JSartl J.f. 0. 1857, p. 43.
Trogon ramonianus, Bonap. Compt. Rend. xlii. p. 955, note 1 (1856);
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 60; Gould, Man. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 18 [text]
(1858) ; Tacz Orn. Rerou, iii. p. 171 (1886).
Aganus
ramonianus, Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 194
(1863).
Trogon meridionalis, Sclat. $* Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 293.
Adult male. Similar to the adult male of T. meridionalis, hut the
wing-coverts are entirely black.
In immature males the wing-coverts are faintly vermiculated with
white, and are not to he distinguished from those of T. meridionalis
of a similar age. As in the others, the upper parts are much greener
than in the adult.
Adult female. The same as in T. meridionalis.
Eab. Ecuador and the Peruvian Amazons [?Oyapok, French
Guiana].
a- d. S ? ad. et Sarayacu, Ecuador, Feb., Dee. Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. (Buckley).
e,f. $ ad. et Napo, Ecuador, Gould Coll.
imm. sk.
g. $ ad. sk. Chamicuros,Peru\ ian Amazons, E. Bartlett, Esq. [C.].
July.
h. $ imm. sk. Lower Ucayali, May (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i. $ ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. Gould Coll.
Jc,L S 2 ad. sk, Yquitos, Upper Amazons, Sept. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
m, n. <S ad. et (?)Oyapok, Cayenne (Verdey). Sclater Coll.
imm, sk.
17. Trogon variegatxts.
Trogon
variegatus, Spiv, A v. Bras. i. p. 49, pi. xxxviii. a (1824);
Steph. Shaw's Gen. Zool xiv. p. 218 (1826); Gould, Mon. Trog.
ed. i. pi. 5 [text] (1838); Gray, Gen. B. I p. 69 (1845) j Bonap.
5 . TROG0J*\
469
Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 149 (1850); v. JPelz. Site. Ah. Wien, xx.
p. 506 (1856); Burm. Sgst. Uelers. Th. Bras.
ii. p. 275 (1856);
v. JPelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 10, 403 (1868-71); Gould, Mon. Trog.
ed. ii. pi. 19 ptext] (1875); Sclat. $ Sab. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 633•
White, P.ZJS. 1882, p. 618; Sclat. fy Hudson, Argent. Om.il
p. 29 (1889). #
Trogonurus variegatus, Bonap. Consp. Vnl. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Hapalophorus variegatus, Cab. <§* Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. iv. p. 199
(1863).
Trogon purpuratus, Sioains. An. in Menag. p. 330 (1837 ?); id. Class.
B. p. 337 (1837); id. B. Braz. $ Mex. pis. 63 & 64 (1841); Bonap.
Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 149 (1850).
Trogonurus pnrpuratus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Trogon behni, Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 20 [text] (1875).
Adult male. Lores, cheeks, and throat black; head and chest
greenish blue glossed with purple; back greenish glossed with golden
bronze, shading into bluish green on the rump and upper tail-
coverts ; a more or less distinct white pectoral zone divides the
chest from the breast and rest of underparts, which are blood-redsides
grey; thighs black ; quills black, with white bases; primaries
with white margins to the outer webs ; secondaries with the outer
webs finely vermiculated with black and white like the rest of the
wing-coverts, except the greater primary-coverts which are black ;
middle pair of tail-feathers green glossed with blue, with a black
terminal band, second and third pairs the same with the inner web
black ; three outer pairs with the basal and middle part black, the
last inch white, and the remainder of the feather equally barred
with moderately wide black and white bars; in older birds the
black bars become imperfect or obsolete towards the end of the
feathers, which become nearly pure white: bill dull yellow. Total
length 9*3 inches, wing 4*9, tail 5*1, tarsus 0*55.
This species bears a close resemblance to T. eollaris, from which
it is only to be distinguished by the bluish-purple head and chest
and the finer vermiculations of the wing-coverts.
Adult female. Head, upper parts, chest, and sides grey; a more
or less distinct white pectoral zone separates the chest from the
breast and rest of underparts; wings as in the male, but the outer
webs of the secondaries and wing-coverts are black with narrow
wavy bars of wrhite, which are wider and more diffuse in the most
adult; centre pair of tail-feathers blackish grey with a black
terminal band, second and third pairs the same with the inner web
black, three outer pairs have the outer half and the whole tip
white, the rest black, and the white of the outer web as far as the
shaft barred with black; in very old birds the outer web is nearly
pure white and the bars disappear: bill yellowish horn. Total
length 9*5 inches, wing 5, tail 5, tarsus 0*55.
Hah. Banging from Bolivia across Southern Brazil to Bio de
Janeiro and Bahia.
a.
<$ ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges), Eyton Coll. (Type
of Trogon behni\ Gould,)
470
TEOGONIDJE.
h $ ad. sir. Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas (BuckSalvin-
Godman Coll.
ley).
c. J ad. sk. Villa Maria, Brazil, Aug. (Nat-Salvin-Godman Coll.
terer).
d-f- 6 $ ad. sk. Chapada, Matto Grosso, June, Salvin-Godman Coll.
July (Smith).
g-i. S ad. et 5 Kio. Sclater Coll.
imm. sk.
h~o. S ? ad. sk. Baliia (WucTierer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p~s. tf ad. sk. Baliia ( Wvr-herer). Guiild Coll.
t. <$ ad. sk. Rio Xegro ( Wallace). Sab in-Gudman Coll.
u. $ ad. sk. Cajatuba near Para (Natterer). Sabin-Godman Coll.
v-x.
$ ad. et "So locality. Gould Coil
imm. sk.
IS. Trogon "boliviairas. (Plate XT.)
Trogon variegatus, Sclat. §* Scdv. (nee Spix) P. Z. S. 1806, p. 193,
1873, p. 293 j Tacz. Orn. Pfrou, iii. p. 165 (1880).
Adult male. Differs from the adult male of T.varkgaius in having
the back and upper parts glossed with blue instead of golden bronze;
no white pectoral zone ; the three outer pairs of tail-feathers black,
crossed with narrow white bars, and the terminal one only twice
as wide as the rest. Total length 9*8 inches, wing 4*9, tail 5,
tarsus 0*55.
Immature male resembles the adult female, but the upper parts
are beginning to assume the colours of the male; the least wing-
coverts and the outer webs of the secondaries are somewhat widely
barred with white, and the inner webs of the three outer pairs of
tail-feathers are incompletely barred with white, in this respect
approaching the adult male.
Adult female. Differs from the adult female of T. variegatus in
having no trace of a white pectoral zone, the white marking on the
outer web of the secondaries much reduced, and the whole of the
three outer pairs of tail-feathers black, the outer web barred with
white and the terminal margin the same colour: upper mandible
blackish except the tip, which, together with the lower, is yellowish.
Total length 9*7 inches, wing 4*8, tail 5-3, tarsus 0*5.
Hab. Ecuador and the Peruvian Amazons.
a. J ad-s^* Napo, Ecuador, Gould Coll.
b. $ imm. sk. Gualaquiza (Frazer), Gould Coll
c, d ad. sk.
Cosnipata, July (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
Cosnipata,Feb., July (Whitely), Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. tf $ ad. sk.
(Types of the species.)
f,g. J ad. sk. Yquitos, Aug. (Whitely), Sclater Coll.
h, I c? ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons, Aug. E.Bartlett,Es(i.rC.].
k. $ ad. sk. No locality.
Gould Coll.*
* This may possibly be the original specimen presented by Professor Behn
to Mr. Gould. The specimen bears the date Eeb. 3, 1837, in Mr, Gould's
handwriting, which was probably the date when he received it,
\
O. TROGOX.
19. Trogon surncura.
Surucua, Azara, Apunt. Hist Xat. Pdxar. Parag. ii. p. 873, no. 270
(1802).
Trogon surucura, Yieill. N. Diet. (VHist. Nat. viii. p. 322 (1817) ;
Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. i. pi. 15 [text] (1838); Gray, List Fissir.
Brit. Mus. p. 41 (1848); Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. top. 09 (1849);
Bonap. Consp. Gen. At. i. p. 148 (1850) ; v. Pelz. Sitz. Ak. Wien,
xx. p. 505 (1856); v. Pelz. Ora. Bras. pp. 19 & 403 (1808-71)
Bigg-Wither, Ibis, 1879, p. 113; White, P.Z.S. 1882; p. 019;
Sclat. $ Hudson, Argent. Orn. ii. p. 29 (1889).
Trogon curucui, Dubois, Orn. Gal. i. p. 63, pi. 39 (1839).
Trogon curucuru, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 69 (1845).
Ourucujus suracua, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Trogon surucua, Burm. Syst. Uebers, Th. Bras. ii. p. 274 (1850).
Hapalophorus surucua, Cab. $• Heine. Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 199
(1863).
Trogon (Hapalophoms) surucua, Gray, Hand-I. B. i. p. 83 (1869).
Trogon leucurus, Swains. An. in Menag. p. 331 (1837?); Swains.
Class. B, ii. p. 337 (1837); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 70 (1845) ; Bonap.
Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 149 (1850).
Trogonurus leucurus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Adult male. Resembles the adult male of T. variegatus, from
which it differs in its larger size, as well as in haying no trace of a
white pectoral band and the outer pair of tail-feathers with the
basal and central part to the middle black and the rest white, the
fifth pair with the
basal two-thirds black and the rest white, and
the fourth pair black with the apical part of the outer web and the
tip white. Total length 11*1 inches, wing 5*6, tail 5*7, tarsus 0*6.
Adult female. Resembles the adult female of T. variegatm, but
differs in its larger size and rather darker colour, as well as in
having no trace of
a white pectoral band; the bars on the wing-
coverts and secondaries wider apart and more regular, and the
outer webs of the
three outer pairs of tail-feathers uniform white
without black bars. Total length 11 inches, wing 5*7, tail 5'8,
tarsus 0*6.
Hab. Ranging from Uruguay to Paraguay.
a. $ ad. sk. Paraguay.
Gould Coll.
b. d" ad. sk. Santa Oatharina {Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll
c. $
ad. sk. Lagos dos Patos, Rio Grande Salvin-Godman Coll
do Sul (Rogers).
d. e. c? ? ad. sk, Minas Geraes (Rogers). Sclater Coll.
f9ff> c? 9 ad. sk. Bogota ? Gould Coll.
h. 5 ad. sk. S. America.
Purchased,
20. Trogon aurantius.
Trogon aurantius, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 47, pi. xxxvi. (1824); Steph.
Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 219 (1826); Gould, Mon. Prog. ed. i.
pi. 14 [text] (1838); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 69 (1845); id. List
Fissi?*. Brit. Mus. p. 42 (1848); Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 149
(1850); Burm. Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras, ii, p. 279 (1856) ; v. Pelz.
Sitz. Ak. Wien, xx. p. 505 (1856); Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 276
472 TR0GOm~DM,
(1862); Gould, Man. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 24 [test] (1869); v. Peh.
Orn. Bras. pp. 20, 403 (1868-71).
Aganns aurantius, Cab. f Seine, Mm. Hein. Th. iv. p. 192 (1863),
Trogon (Aganus) aurantius, Gray, Hand-L B. 1. p. 81 (1889).
Trogon chrvsogaster. Sicains. An. in Menaq. p. 330 (1837?); Swains*
Class. B'.ii. p. 337 (1837).
Adult male and female. Differ from T. simtcura only in having
the breast and underparts orange ir^tead of blood-red.
Immature malts differ from the adult in having the outer webs
of the secondaries and some of the coverts coarsely speckled and
marked with white, and the three outer pairs of tail-feathers resemble
those of the adult female.
Hah. Brazil and Guiana.
a, b. $ ad. et South America' Gould Coll.
imm. sk.
c, § ad. sk.
d-f. d 2 ad. et
imm. fek.
Guiana.
Brazil.
Purchased.
Salvin-Gudman (*uI2.
y1 k cf imm. et Brazil. Sclater Coll.
2 ad. sk.
i. 2 ad. sk.
"k. Ad. sk.
Brazil.
Brazil.
M. Claussen [P.].
Ptireka.sed.
/. $ ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Prov. of RioJaneiro (Youds).
Salvin-Godman ColL
21. Trogon melanurus.
Couroueou b ventre rouge de Cayenne, Dauhent. PL Enl no. 4o2 * d ]•
Couroucou gris a longue queue de Cayenne, id. I c. no. 737 ~$ }.
Couroueou d'Amerique a ventre rose, Zemill Mist. Couroue. ei
Tourac. pt. iii. p. 5, pis. 1, 2 "^ 5 ] (1806).
Trogon curncui, Gm. 8. JS\ i. p.""403, var. 3 (1788) j Lath. Lid. Orn.
i. p. 200, var. y (1790).
Trogon curucui {nee Linn.), Yieill. JSneycl. Mitli. iii. p. 1362 (1823);
Spix, An. Bras.^ i. p. 49 (1824); Less. Traite Orn. p. 118 (1831) ;
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 69 (1845) ; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Ai\ i. p. 148
(1850); Burm. Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras ii. p. 275, note 2 (1856).
Trogon strigilatus {nee Linn.}, Spix, Ac. Bras. L p. 49 (1824).
Trogon melanurus, Swains. An. in Menag. p. 329 (1837 ?) ; id. Class,
B. p. 337 (1837); Gould, Monog. Trog. text to pt. 18 (1838);
Gray, List Fissir. Brit. Mm. p. 41 (1848) ; Cab. in Sckomb* Brit
Guian. iii. p. 718 (1848) ; v. Peh. Sitz. Ah Wimu xx. p. 506 (ia56) ;
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 261, 1860, p. 284; id. Cat Am. B. p. 277
(1862); Sclat. fySalv. P.Z.S. 1866, p. 193, 1867, pp. 583,978,
1869, p. 598; v. Peh. Orn. Bras. y$. 19, 402 (1868-71); Sclat* #
Salv. P. Z. S.1873, p. 293; iid. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 104 (1873);
Gould, Mm. Trog.ed. ii.pl. 29 [text] (1875); Tacz. P. Z. S.1877,
p. 328; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 61; Tacz. Orn. PSrou, iii p. 168
(1886).
Curucujus melanurus, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Troctes melanurus, Cab. § Heine, Mus. Hem. Th. iv. p. 201 (1863).
Trogon nigricaudata, Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. i. pi. 18 (1838).
Troctes mesurus, Cab,fy Heine, Mm. Hein. Th. iv. p. 202 (1863).
Adult male. Lores, cheeks, and chin black; rest of head, upper
5 . TR0G0N.
473
parts, and chest green with bronze and blue reflexions; a white
pectoral band separates the chest from the rest of the underparts,
which are blood-red; thighs black; wings black* quills with white
bases, the outer webs of the primaries margined and those of the
secondaries vermiculated with white• greater primary-coverts black,
rest of the coverts vermiculated like the outer webs of the second
aries : middle pair of tail-feathers green glossed with purplish blue,
and with a terminal black band; second and third pairs the same
but with the inner web black, fourth pair black with the basal half
of the outer web glossed with green; two outer pairs black, some
times slightly freckled with white on the margin of the outer web :
bill orange. Total length 11*8 inches, wing 6-2, tail 6, tarsus 0*6.
An immature male differs from the adult in having the second
aries and greater secondary-coverts margined and marked on the
outer web with white and buff, the chest grey slightly mixed with
green, and the three outer pairs of tail-feathers tipped and irregu
larly barred on the terminal part of the outer
web with white;
the centre tail-feathers also are blackish slightly glossed with green,
and without the terminal black bar of the adult.
Adult female. Head and upper parts dark grey, breast and chest
lighter: rest of underparts blood-red; thighs blackish grey : wings
as in the adult male but browner, and the white vermiculations on
the wing-coverts and outer webs of the secondaries are much finer
and further apart, often fainter, sometimes absent; tail blackish:
bill with the culmen black, rest orange. Total length 11*7 inches,
wing 6m2, tail 6, tarsus 0*6.
An immature female differs from the adult in having the outer
webs of the secondaries margined with white, the two outer pairs
of tail-feathers slightly tipped, and irregularly barred on the ter
minal half of the outer web, with white, and
the fourth pair
margined with white at the tip.
Hob. S. America north of about lat. 5° South.
a, h. $ J ad. sk. Bogota.
Gould Coll.
e. S imm. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Oct. (Whitely).
d, e. <$ J ad. et Bartica Grove, British Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. Nov., Dec. (Whitely). /.'
(S ad. sk. Atapurow River, British GuiSalvin-
Godman Coll.
ana, Jan. (Whitely).
g. $ ad. sk. Demerara.
Purchased.
h-l
cS $ ad. et Demerara. Gould Coll.
imm. sk.
m.
<$ ad. sk. Demerara River, Nov. [R. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Swain: Henshaw Coll.).
n. 5 ad. sk. Cayenne.
Zool. Soc. Coll.
o. <S ad. sk. Cayenne (Dillwyn). Sclater Coll.
p. $ ad.sk. Oyapok.
Sclater Coll.
q. J ad.sk. Para, May ( Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.
r, d
ad. st. Para. R. Graham, Esq.
[p.].
s. S ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro, Dec. Gould Coll.
474
TEOGONID-E,
t S ad. sk. Marabitanas, Rio Xegro, ^lar. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Natter er),
u. S acl. sk. Teffe, 11. Amazon. H. W. Bates TV.
v. 2 ad. sk. NapOj Ecuador. Gould Coll. ~ "
w, so. <$ J ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Frazer). Gould Coll.
y~a\ $ J ad. et Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Cull
imm. sk.
#'? c'. $ 2 ad. sk. Santa Itita, Ecuador (BuckSalvin-
Godman Cull.
ley).
d,e'. <$ $^ad.sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons, Salvin-Godman Coll.
June. Sept. ( Whitely).
/' . J ad. sk. Pebas,E. Peru, Aug. [Hcwx-Salvin-Godman Cull.
well),
g'-i'.S 2 ad. sk. Upper Amazons, June (WalSalvin-
Godman and
lace). Wallace Colls.
k'. 2 ad. sk. Upper Amazons. E. Bartlett X*.".
I'. $ imm. sk. Eio Javari. II. W. Bates" XT .
22. Trogon maerurus.
Trogon niacroura, Gould, Moa, Troy. ed. i. pi. 17 ^text~] (1838);
Gray, List. Fissir. Brit Mus. p. 41 (1848).
Trogon macrourus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 70 (1845); Bonap. Omsp. Gen.
Av. i. p. 130 (1850) ( Gray, Haml-l B. i. p. SI (Ibm): Sclat. f
Salv. Nomencl. Av. Xeotr. p. 104 (1873J; Gould, Mon. ZW/. t*d. ii.
pi. SO [text] (1875); Sclat. $ Sate. P. Z S. 1879, p. 535.
Curucujus maerurus, Bonap. Camp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (lb54).
Proetes macrurus; Cab. § Heine, Mut. lleia. Th. iv. p. '20$ (1SIJ3),
Adult male* Kesernbles the adult male of T. melst/wrus, and
differs only in size. Total length 1:2*4 inches, wing 6*0, tail 7*1,
tarsus 0*6.
Adult female. Differs from the adult female of T. mtlaaunts in
size only.
Total length 12*4 inches, wing 6*5, tail 6*5y tarsus 0*0.
The young differ from the adults as described in T. turlanunts.
Hab. Panama to Colombia; (?) Bolivia.
a-d. $ 2 ad. et Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman and
imm. sk. Selater Colls.
e. § ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll.
Panama (Hugken).
f,g- 6 2 ad. sk. Colombia. Gould Coll.
h~l S 2 a^- et Hiimedios, Antloquh(Sahion). Salvin-Godman and
imm. sk.
Selater Colls.
m. $ imm. sk. Bolivia (?).
Gould Coll.
n. $ ad. sk. No locality.
Gould Coll.
a<^-s^
o,p. $ 2 ^ ° locality.
23. Trogon massena.
Trogon massena,
Gould, Mon. Troy. t*d. i. pi. 10 [text] (183S);
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 70 (1845); id. List Fissir. Brit Mm. p. 41
(1848) ; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 149 (1850;; Sclat. P. Z. S.
* Assuming the male plumage.
5 . TROGON.
475
1858, p. 96, 1859, p. 387; Moore, P. Z. S.1869, p. 53; Sclat. $ Salv.
Ibis, 1859, p. 132; Salv. Ibis, 18(11, p. 146; Mat. Cat. Am. B.
p. 277 (1862); Cab. J.f. 0. 1862, p. 174; Mat. % Salv. P. Z. S.
1864, p. 364; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 151; Gray, Hand-l B. i.
p. 81 (1869); Sclat. $ Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 104 (1873) ;
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 48.
Curucujus massena, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Troctes massenae, Cab. # Heine, Mm. Sein. Tit. iy. p. 204 (1863);
Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 31 [text] (1869).
Troctes hoflmanni, Cab. $ Heine, Mus. Rein. Tli. iy. p. 204 (1863).
Trogon erytkronotus, Mull. Beis. in Mex, i. p. 229 (1864), and iii.
p. 562 (1865).
Adult male. Differs from the males of T. melammis and macrwrus
in haying no vrhite
pectoral band, the yermieiilations on the wing
coyerts finer, the upper parts with green and bronze, but only
slight blue reflexions, and the middle tail-feathers with compara
tively dull bronze and green reflexions and diffuse black terminal
bands. The size, too, is greater *. Total length 13#5 inches, wing
7'2, tail 7*1, tarsus 0*65.
The young of both sexes differ as described in T. melammts.
Adult female. Resembles that of T. macrums, which it usually
exceeds considerably in size. Total length 12*7 inches, wing 7*2,
tail 7, tarsus 0*65.
Hab. Ranges from Southern Mexico to Panama.
a. c? imm. st. Mexico.
Purchased.
b-d.
(S $ ad. et Ohimalapa, Tehuantepec, Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk. March (Bichardson).
e. $ ad. sk. Teapa, Feb. (Smith). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/.
J &cL sk. Sources Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guatemala, Feb. (Salvin).
g. S
ad. sk. Rashche, Vera Paz, March Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salvin).
h. $ ad. sk. Teleman, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i-l
6 2 inim. sk. Ohoctum, Vera Paz, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salvin).
m. 5 ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n, o. <$ imm. et Guatemala. Tweeddale Coll.
$ ad. sk.
Guatemala. Gould Coll.
imm. sk. (Types of the species.)
t, u. <$ ad. et imm. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.
sk.
v, w. d ad. sk. Honduras. Purchased.
cc, y. 6 2 a<i-sk. British Honduras (Blanea-Salvin-Codman Coll.
neaux).
z.
2 imm. sk. Western District, British HonSalvin-
Godmau Coll.
duras, Jan. (Blancaneaux).
* It must be added that where the ranges of T. macrurus and the present
species (i. e. at the Panama Bailway, where both occur) approach they intergrade
in size, and the latter becoming smaller, many having a wing-measurement
of only 6*7, are only to he distinguished from T. macrurus by the absence of
the white pectoral band in the male; the females cannot be distinguished
wiih certainty.
476 T-RQ&osmm.
a'-o'. <$ $ ad. sk. San Felipe, W. British HonSalvin-
Godman Coll.
duras, Feb., March; April
(Blaneaneaux).
df, e'. S 2 a^- sk. Cayo, W. British Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll.
{Blaneaneaux).
/', g\ 6 S ad. et Virgin Bay, Lake of NicaTweeddale
Coll.
imm. sk. ragua.
h', i'. $ § ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua {Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k', I'. <$ 2 ad- sk. Yalza, Costa Kica, Feb. (Car-Salvin-Godman Coll.
77210I).
m\ n'. <$ ad. et Bugaba, Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. sk.
o'. J ad. sk. Chiriqui. Capt. KellettandLt.
Wood.
p'. $ ad. sk. Southern slope of Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Arce).
q'. J ad. sk. Veragua (Aree). Salvin-Godman Coll.
r'. <$ ad. sk. Gordillera de Tole, Yeragua Salvin-Godman Coll.
(ArcS).
s'. <$ ad. sk. Panama. Gould Coll.
t', «'. 6 2 ad. sk. Panama (McLeminan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
24. Trogon clathratns *.
Trogon clathratus, Salvin, P. Z. S. I860, p. 7-5, 1807, p. 151 • id. Ibin,
1869, p. 316; Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p. 81 (1809); Salvin, P. Z. S.
1870, p. 202 ; Sclat. § Salv. Somencl. Ai\ Xeotr. p. 104 (1*73);
Gould, Mo?i. Troy. ed. ii. pi. 28 [text] (1875).
Adult male. Eesembles T. mdanurns, but differs in having no
pectoral band and the outer pairs of tail-feathers are barred on both
webs with narrow distinct white bars. Total length 11*7 inches,
wing 6*4, tail 5*9, tarsus 0*6.
Immature males have the three outer pairs of tail-feathers edged
at the tip with white and the wing-coverts, scapulars, and outer
secondaries barred and mottled with huff and white; otherwise
they resemble the adult.
Adult female. Differs from that of T. melanurvs in having the
breast brown in contrast to the dark grey chest, and the outer tail-
feathers barred with white as in the adult male, but the "bars are
narrower and less complete on the inner web. Total length 11*7
inches, wing 6*4, tail 6, tarsus 0*6.
Immature females differ from the adult in the same points as
described in the immature male.
Hab. Costa Eica and Panama.
* Trogon clathratns, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 119 (1868). The specimen
described is certainly not the female of Salvin's species, for the breast is
described as being " plumbeous slate" instead of brown, and the four central
tail-feathers are of a "fine Vandyke brown" whereas they are blackish grey.
We are unable to apply the description to any Trogon with which we are
acquainted.
477
6. HAPALODEKMA.
a. $ ad. sk, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.
&. $ ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Eica, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Carmiol).
c. <$ imm. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcs). Salvin-Godrnan Coil.
d-f.
<$ $ ad.sk. Cordillera de Tola, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll.
(ArcS).
g.
<$ ad. sk. Santa Fe*, Veragua (ArcS). Salyin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
h. £ ad. sk. Veragua (ArcS) Gould Coll.
6. HAPALODEBMA. _
Type.
Apaloderma, Swains. Class. B, ii. p. 387 (1837) H. narina.
Ilapaloderma, Agass. Index Universal, p. 172 (1846) ... . H. narina.
Both sexes have the three central pairs of tail-feathers purplish
or greenish, without any terminal black bars to the central pair.
Infraloral space feathered; gape and cheeks partially covered by a
band of feathers from the lores to the ear-coverts; a naked space
behind the eye. Upper tail-coverts normally developed. Edge of
the upper mandible with or without teeth behind the subterminal
notch. Throat greenish or black.
Range. Africa.
Key to the Species #.
I.
Terminal part of the outer pair of tail-feathers
white.
A.
Median wing-coverts, greater secondary-
coverts, ana secondaries black, vermiculated
with white and margined on the
outer webs with green.
a. Chest green » , narina tf, p. 477.
b. Chest rusty brown
narina 5 , p. 477.
B.
Median wing-coverts, greater secondary-
coverts, and secondaries clearly vermiculated
with black and white, never edged
with green; chest green comtantia S, p. 479.
II.
Terminal part of the outer pair of tail-feathers
white, barred with black glossed with purple;
median wing-coverts, greater secondary-
coverts, and secondaries black, with narrow,
distinct, wavy, white bars j chest green vittatum tf 1 p. 480.
1. Hapaloderma narina.
Couroucou narina, Levaill Ois. d'Afr. v. p. 73, pis. 22B & 229 (1806) j
id. Hist. Courouc. et Tourac. pt. iii. p. 16, pis. 10 & 11 (1806).
Trogon narina, Steph. Skald's Gen. ZooL ix. p. 14 (1815); Vieill. N*
-* Doubtful species.
Le Couroucou geant, Levaill. Hist. Courouc. et Tourac. pt. iii. pi. 12 (1806).
Trogon gigas, Vieill. X Diet. d'Hist. Nat. iii. p. 315 (1817); Gould, Man.
Trog. ed. I. pi. 28 [text] (1838).
478
TBOGGSnCD^.
Diet cPEist. Nat viii. p. 818 (1817); id. Fneycl Meih. ill.
p. 1300 (1823); Less. Traite Orn. p. 121 (1831); Gould, Mon. Trog.
ed. i. pi. 26 [text] (1838); Sundev. Krit Framst. p. 49 (1857);
Brehm, Ergebn. Raise Eobesek, p. 276 (1863); Monteiro, P. Z. S.
1865, p. 92; Finsch § Earth Tog. Osiafr. p. 155 (1870); Finseh,
TV. Z. S. vii. p. 210 (1870j; Sharpe, P. Z. S.1871, p. 134; Fiseh.
$ Reich. J.f. 0. 1878, p. 253.
Apaloderma narina, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 387 (1837); Gray, Gen.
R. i. p. 70 (1845); id. List Fissir. Brit. Mm. p. 43 (184s);
Bonap. Cbnsp. Gen. Av. i. p. 150 (1850); Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 61
(18u7); Gray, Hand-l B. i. p. 83 (1869).
Hapaloderma
narina, Cab. $* Seine, 3Ius. Eein. Th. IT. p. 104
(1&03); jSTzrA*, ifos, 1864, p. 823; Bianconi, Spec, Zool. Mosamb.
fasc. xviii. p. 320 (1887); Eeuyl Orn. X.O.-Afr. p. 170 (IfeOUJj
Gurney, Ibis, 1873, p. 254; Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi 34 "text]
(1875); Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 08; Sharpe in Bayard's B. S. Afr.
p. 106 (1875) ; Boeage, Orn. (VAngola, p. 82 (1881); Gurney,
Ibis, 1881, p. 124; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 224.
Trogon. (Hapaloderma) narina, Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p. 75.
Adult male. Head, chest, back, rump, and upper tail-coverts
green, the latter with bluish reflexions, the rest with golden
bronze; breast and rest of underparts blood-red, rather darker on
the upper breast; thighs blackish grey; wings black; quills with
white bases; primaries margined on the outer web with unite,
secondaries finely vermiculated on the outer web with white and
margined with green ; greater primary-coverts black, narrowly margined
on the outer web with green : rest of the coverts finely vermiculated
with white and margined with green ; three middle pairs of
tail-feathers blackish glossed with dark blue and edged on the outer
web with green ; three outer pairs have the basal two-thirds of the
tail blackish glossed with blue, and the remainder white, the white
meeting the black obliquely and extending towards the base on
the outer web : bill lemon-yellow; feet dark flesh-colour; iris bright
chestnut. Total length 11*5 inches, wing 5-2, tail 6% tarsus 0*65.
An immature male differs only from the adult in having the
green of the chest mixed with rusty brown, and the culmen
dusky.
A somewhat younger bird has most of the lores, throat, and
chest rust-brown; the rest of the underparts pinkish, except the
under tail-coverts, which are whitish, shaded at the tips with buff,
and the outer secondaries blotched with white towards the extremities
of the outer webs.
A still younger specimen resembles the above, but has a ring of
buff feathers tipped with green at the base of the throat, and the
feathers of the chest are pinkish grey, narrowly barred with dusky
intermixed with buff, tipped with greyish black.
Adult female. Differs from the adult male in having the lores,
throat, and chest rusty brown, the latter shading gradually into the
pinkish-grey breast: culmen and base of lower mandible dark
horn-colour, rest of lower mandible lemon-yellow ; feet dark flesh ;
iris brown. Total length 11*1 inches, wing 5*1, tail 6'6, tarsus 0*65.
6, HAPiXODEKMA.
Immature females differ from the above in having the outer
secondaries and greater secondary-coverts vermicidated with brown
and black, and each ornamented with a large subterminal blotch of
white, edged with buff; some of the outer median wing-coverts
have subterminal blotches or spots of rufous-buff, and the under
tail-coverts are white, shaded at the extremities with buff.
A still younger specimen differs from the above in having the
pinkish-grey breast-feathers transversely barred with dusky.
Hob. Ranging from K".E. Africa to the Cape of Good Hope and
on the South-west as far north as Angola.
a,h. $ $ ad. Bogosland (JEsler) Purchased.
sk.
c.
d imm. sk. Abyssinia (Jesse). Tweeddale Coll.
d.
(5* ad. sk. Shoa, April (Antinori). Shellev CoU.
e,f.
6 ? ad. Seinmio,Nyam-Nyam,Feb.; May. Herr *F. Bohndorff
sk. [0.].
y.
<$ ad. sk. Kilimanjaro. H. R. Johnston, Esq.
[0.].
h.
S ad. sk. Belinda (Kirk). Shelley Coll.
i. $ imm. sk. Zambebi {Mellar). Sharpe Coll.
k-p. 6 ad. et Durban. Sheliey Coll.
imm. sk.
q, r.
tf ad. ; Pinetown, Natal, June (Ayres). Shelley Coll.
5 imm. sk.
s. $ ad. sk. Orange R. Gould Coll.
t $ ad. sk. Cape of Good Hope. Gould Coll.
w, v. $ ad. sk. Knysna, Dec. (Andersson), Sharpe Coll.
20. <$ imm. sk. Benguela. J. J. Monteiro. Esq.
[C.].
x. $ ad. sk. Angola {Hamilton). Sharpe Coll.
y, «. 6 2 ad. S. Africa. Sharpe Coll.
sk.
a', b'. <$ 2 ad. S. Africa. Purchased.
st.
c'. 2 imm. sk. S. Africa. Gould Coll.
d', e'. S ad.; Africa. Purchased.
5 imm. sk.
2. Hapaloderma constantia.
Hapaloderma narina, Cass. Tr. Ac. Thilad. p. 38 (1857).
Trogon mv'wa,,Hartl Dm. W.-Afr. p. 263 (18-57) ; Fischer $ Rekh.
J.f. 0. 1879, p. 342.B
Hapaloderma
constantia, Sharpe and Ussher, Ibis, 1872, p. 181;
Gould, Man. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 35 [text] (1875); Shelley, P. Z. S.
1881, p. 566; Gumey, Ibis, 1882, p. 75.
Adult male. Differs from H. narina in having the median greater
secondary-coverts and secondaries finely and clearly vermiculated
with black and white, without any green margins to the outer webs
or tips, while the white on the three pairs of tail-feathers is much
more extensive, so that the sixth pair are black at the base only:
480
TEOGONID-E.
bill appears to be always dark horn, becoming orange-yellow
towards the tip of the lower mandible; feet dark flesh. Total
length 11-5 inches, wing 4*9, tail 6*4, tarsus 0*6.
The female is not known.
Hah. "W. Africa : Eantee to the Interior of the Calabar Elver.
a, b. <$ ad. sk.
c. S ad. sk.
d. $ ad. sk.
Fantee (Aabinn).
Fantee (Ussher).
Denkera, Oct.
Sliarpe Coll.
(Types of species.)
Shelley Coll.
Gould* Coll.
e. <? ad. sk. (exspirit specimen).
Calabar R. Dr. A. Smith XV.
3. Hapaloderma vittatum. (Plate XVI.)
Hapaloderma -vittatum, Shelley, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 306, 1689, p. &>0.
Adult male. Lores and throat black; top of the head, feathered
part of cheeks, and ear-coverts very dark olive-green ; back, rump,
and upper tail-coverts bronze-green, with bluish-green reflexions;
throat shading into a bronze band, succeeded in turn by narrow
purple-blue and dark green' bands shading into one another and
together clothing the chest; breast and rest of under/parts blood-
red ; wings black ; quills with white bases, primaries margined on
the outer web with white, greater primary-coverts black ; least
wing-coverts black, widely margined with green; rest of wing-
coverts and secondaries black, with narrow distinct wavy bars of
white, some of the median coverts narrowly edged with green;
three middle pairs of tail-feathers blackish glossed with purplish
blue, three outer pairs with the basal part black glossed with
purple, and terminal portion white, with narrow bars of black
glossed with purple across both webs: bill yellow, much smaller
than in H. narina; " feet pale flesh ; iris crimson-brown, naked
spot in front of eyes yellow*' (F. J. Jackson). Total length 11
inches, wing 5, tail 7, tarsus 0*6.
A third adult male specimen obtained by Mr. F.
J. Jackson at
Kikuyu completes, as far as we are aware, all the specimens known.
The female is unknown.
Bab. East Africa: Mamboio, Kilimanjaro, and Kikuyu Country
(Jackson).
a.
$ ad. sk. Mamboio (Kirk). Shelley Coll.
(Type of species.)
b. 6
ad. sk. Kilimanjaro, Aug. H. C. V. Hunter, Esq.
[P.].
7. HARPACTES.
Type.
Harpactes, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 337 (1837) H. malabaricus.
Hapalurus, Reich. Av. Syst. Nat pi. 88 (I860) [H. diardi.]
Duvaucelius, Bonap. Comp. Vol Zyg. p. 14 (1854) .. II. rutilus.
Pyrotogon, id. I. c II. ardens.
Oreskios, id. I. c H. pouldi.
Orescius, Cab. # Heine, Mus, IMn. iv. p. 161 (1863).. II. gouMi.
7 . HAHPACTBS. 481
Centre pair of tail-feathers chestnut, with a black terminal band
in both sexes. Infraloral space, cheeks, and space round the eye
naked. Upper tail-coverts not abnormally lengthened. Upper
mandible behind the subterminal notch is not toothed.
Range, India, Malay Peninsula, Siam, Cochin China, Ceylon,
Sumatra, Billiton, Java, Borneo, and the Philippine Is.
Key to the Species.
(Males.)
a. Breast and underparts scarlet or crimson.
a'. Head black.
a". Chest black, and divided from the breast
by a white pectoral band.
a'". Nuchal collar pink; terminal part of the
outer tail-feathers white freckled
with black diardi} p. 482.
b'". Nuchal collar scarlet; terminal part of
the outer tail-feathers pure white. . kasumba, p. 483,
c'". Nuchal region black like the head;
terminal part of the outerfeathers pure white
h". Chest scarlet like the breast.
d"'. Rump rusty brown; size largere"\ Rump scarlet; size smaller.
br
. Head crimson; chest dull scarlet-lake
tailfasciatus,
p. 485,
orrhopJttBzis, p. 493.
duvauceli, p. 491.
.... erythrocephalu$9]iA88>
c\ Head dark crimson; chest pink ,. ,\..... . ardens, p. 487.
d\ Head brilliant scarlet; chest grey ....... .
b. Breast and underparts orange; head and chest
olive-yellow
(Females.)
a. Breast and belly scarlet, lake, or pink.
a'. Terminal part of the outer pairs of tail-feathers
white, freckled with black
V. Terminal part of the outer pairs of tail-feathers
pure white.
a". Size larger: wing 5*7 inches
b". Size smaller: wing 4*2 inches
b. Breast and belly deep buff or rust-colour.
c\ Throat and chest alike, contrasting in colour
with the breast.
e". Chest brownish grey.
wMtehmdi, p. 488.
oreshios, p. 494.
diardi, p. 482.
erythrocephalits^ A88*
duvauceli, p. 491.
kasumba, p. 483.
d". Chest brownish buff ,.» fasciatus^ p. 485.
eft. Chest pearl-grey whitehead^ p. 488.
d'. Throat black, contrasting in colour with the
chest and breast.
/". Chest dull buff; size larger, wing 5*2 .. ardens, p. 487.
g". Chest rufous-buff; size smaller, wing 4*3 orrhophc&us, p. 493.
c. Breast and belly orange oreshios, p. 494.
VOL. XVII. 2 i
482
TBOGOXIDJS.
1. Harpactes diardL
Trogon diardii,
Temm.PL Col. pi. 541 (18321; Gould, Mo*i. Troy.
ed. i. pi. 30 "text" (183a): Mull. Verhandl. Laud-en Volkeak.
p. 405 (1843-44) {Low. Sarawak, p. 410 il84df.
Harpactes diardii. Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 337 (l!>37»: ^-V«y, <•&/*. i>.
i. p. 71 (lb45) x Gray, Li-t Fi^ir. Brit. Mu*. p. 44 {J ^/ : Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A*. S'JC. p. sO |lS4i*J ; Lonap. Con^p. Gen. Ac. i.
p. 151 (lsoOJ: .Hi//-*/1: 4* -I2Wf, Otf. B. Jfa*. E. I ml Co. n. p. 710
(1650-5^); Moore, P. Z. X. 1^59, p. 400; /r&^Z. j>\ -.W\ i. pi. 70
(te(55); Gray. Hand-l B. i. p._ &4 (lb09j; WaM. B\ 1-71,
p. Ib'l; Gould. Mod. Troy. ed. ii. pi. Us "text" i lb75 ; Shirpt,
P. Z. & 1*75, p. 102, 1-7U. p. 320. 1^1. p. 7(il ; Jibuti Str. F.
viii. p. 4b (1^79); tiharjje, Ibit, 1*79. p. 239: Xicho**oa, IM^7
18*3, p. 89; Everett, J. bi raits Br. It. As. .Sic. p. 100 (1^9?;
&7/«/>e, 7fc«, ItsOO, pp. 3, 281.
Pyrotrugon diardi, Ca£. *.y Heme, Mm. Heiu. Tii. iv. p. 150 (l*n:j;;
" Salvad. Cat. Ucc. Borneo, p. 2b |187l).
Adult audi. Fore part of the head black, shading into dull crimson
on tlie occiput *, and bounded by a bright pink nuchal collar ; ear-
coverts, chin, and chest deep black; back ru^ty brown, shading into
rust on the rurop and upper tail-coverts; breast and res>t of underpays
scarlet-lake; wings black; quills with white ba^es, primaries
margined on the outer web with white; outer webs of the
secondaries and whole of wing-covertb except the greater primary-
coverts with narrow distinct undulating white bar**; centre pair of
tail-feathers bright rusty brown, with a terminal black band : second
and third pairs black, three outer pairs with the basal part black
and the terminal white closely vermiculated with black : bill pale
cobalt-blue tinged with violet, darker at the tip ; naked skin on
the cheeks and round the eye violet: iris red-brown; feet dull
violet-blue. Total length 12 inches, wing 5*7, tail G-0, tarsus 0*55.
Immature males have the black of the basal part of the chest
mixed with brown, the secondaries and wing-coverts like those of
the adult female, and the tail-feathers pointed, the centre pair being
devoid of a terminal black bar, and the outer pairs having the white
terminal part much more sparsely vermiculated with black : otherwise
the plumage resembles that of the adult.
Still younger specimens have the breast entirely brown, and the
outer secondaries rusty buff irregularly barred with black.
Adult female. Head darker brown; back rusty brown, shading into
rust on the rump; chest reddish brown, shading into rusty on the lower
parts and sides of the chest; breast and belly scarlet-pink; under tail-
coverts rusty pink; wings as in the male, but the secondaries and wing-
coverts are vermiculated and irregularly barred with rust-brown and
black; tail as in the male, but the white terminal part of the three
outer pairs of feathers is less thickly vermiculated with black : naked
skin round eye and gape pale violet; base of mandible cobalt-blue ;
* In some Bornean specimens the dull crimson of the occiput extends to the
cuhnen.
7 . HABPACTJBS.
483
irides dark brown; legs and feet dark pinky flesh-colour. Total
length 12 inches, wing 5'6, tail 6*7, tarsus 0-55.
Liimaiure females have the outer secondaries and some of the
wing-coverts much more coarsely marked than the adult, and the
tail-feathers as in the immature male.
Hah, S. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
a. J ad. sk.
b-g. (S J ad. et
innn. bk.
h-l S ? ad. et
imm. sk.
m. cS ad. bk.
a, o. <$ ad. et
imm. >>k.
jj-f/. d ? ad. et
imm. sk.
//-&'. c?2 ad.
et imm.sk.
/', m1. $ ad.;
5 imm. bk.
n'. S ad. sk.
</. 2 ad. sk.
/-/. cJ ad.
et 5 imm. sk.
t'-o'. S2 ad.
et $ imm. sk.
w'. $ ad. sk.
x', g'. <$ ad. et
imm. st.
z', a". cT ad. sk.
//'. $ ad. sk.
c". <$ ad. sk.
ci", e". $ ad. sk.
/'. c? ad. sk.
#". <J ad. sk.
[Nepal!]
Klaug, Salangore, Jan.,
Mar., June, July (Dad-
Son J.
Neealys, 31 mileb from
Malacca, Oct. (Davison).
Kuroo (Xative State), 26
mileb from Malacca,
ISov. (Davison).
Palo Seban, 22 mileb from
Malacca, Oct. (Daviw?i),
Malacca, July, Aug-., Sept.
Malacca.
Malacca.
Malacca (Charlton).
Malacca (Cantor).
Foot of Gurmong Pulai,
Juhore, Mar., Aug. (Davison).
Singapore.
Singapore.
Sumatra.
Sumatra.
Sumatra (Bock).
Borneo.
Labuan (Zoic).
Lawas lliver.
Indian Archipelago.
B. H. Hodgbon, EbQ.
[p.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Cull.
Tweeddale Coll.
A. E. Wallace, Es>q.
[C.].
Gould Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Gould Coll.
Purchased,
A. E. Wallace, E&q.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
E.
B. Sharpe, Esq.
[P.].
II. Veitch, Esq. [P.].
Purchased.
2. Harpactes kasumoa.
Trogon kasumba, Raffl. Trans. Linn Soc. xiii. p. 282 (1822).
Harpactes
kasumba, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 80 (1840);
Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 74 [text] (1858); Ilorsf. § Moore, Cat. B.
Mus. E. Ind. Co. ii. p. 715 (1856-58) ; Moore, P. Z. S. 1850,
p. 460; Sclat.P.Z.S. 1863, p. 213; Goidd, Mon. Trog. ed. ii.
pi. 10 [text] (1869) ; Wald. Ibis, 1871, p. 161; Tweedd. Ibis,
1877, p. 298; Same, Str. F. viii. p. 48 (1879); Sharpe, P. Z. S.
1881, p. 791, 1837, p. 432; Everett, J. Straits Br. R. As. Soc.
p. 166 (1889); Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, pp. 8,281.
484 TBOSOCT)^.
Pyrotrogon kasuaiba, Cab. $ Seine, Mm. Eein. iv. p. 158 (1863);
Salvad. Cat. Uee. Borneo, p. 29 (1874).
Trogon fasciatus, Temm. (nee Gm.) PL Col 321 (1825); Less. TraiU
6m. p. 121 (1831); Loic, Saraicak, p. 410 (1848>
Trogon eondea, Cuv. Reg. An. L p. 459 (1829).
Trogon temmincldi, Gould, P. Z. & 1835, p. 29; Gould, Man. Tmg.
ed, i. pi. 29 >xt] (1838).
flarpactes ternmincMi, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 337 (1837): Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 70 (1845): id. List Fissir.Brit. Mus. p. 44 (1S4S>: id.
Gen. B. iii. App. p. 4 (1849) j Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 151
(1850).
Adult male. Top of the head, throat, and chest deep black; nape,
breast, and rest of underparts blood-red, the chest and breast separated
by a narrow white band; back and rump orange-brown,
shading to rusty on the upper tail-coverts * ; wings black; quills
white at the base, the basal half of outer web of the primaries
margined with white; secondaries and wing-coverts (except the
greater primary-coverts, which are uniform black) with narrow,
very distinct white bars; middle pair of tail-feathers reddish brown
tipped with black, second and third pairs black, and three outer
pairs with the basal two-thirds black and the terminal part obliquely
white, the white extending furthest on the outer web: tip and
edges of bill black, rest dull cobalt; naked skin round eye and at
gape pale cobalt; iris dark brown ; legs and feet bluish purple.
Total length 12*3 inches, wing 5*7, tail 7*1, tarsus 0*5.
An immature male differs from the adult in having the breast
and belly mixed with rufous-buff; the secondaries somewhat widely
barred and margined with buff; the tail-feathers pointed, and the
centre pair without the terminal black band; otherwise the plumage
resembles that of the adult.
A somewhat younger specimen differs from the above in having
the black chest mixed with grey feathers.
A still younger specimen has the chest grey with only a few
black feathers, the breast and underparts rufous-buff tinged in the
centre with pink, and the wing-coverts barred with buff instead of
white.
Adult female. Head brown, shading into olive-brown on the back
and rust on the rump and upper tail-coverts; throat and chest
grey, breast and rest of underparts rusty buff; wings like those of
the male, but the bars are buff instead of white; tail as in the male.
Total length 11*9 inches, wing 5*7, tail 7*2, tarsus 0*5.
Yoimg females differ from the adult in having the wing-coverts
and secondaries more widely barred and margined with buff and
the tail-feathers pointed, the centre pair having no black terminal
band.
Hah. B. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo.
* An adult male from Malacca, collected by Wallace, has a band of scarlet
between the lower back and the rump.
7 . HAKPACTES.
485
a. $ ad. sk.
o-e. S ? ad. sk.
Perak.
Elans-, Salanffore, Feb.,
March, April, Sept. (DaL.
Wray, Esq. [P.].
Hume Coll.
f-h. <S $ imm.
sk.
mson).
Neealys, 31 miles from
Malacca, Oct. (Davison).
Hume Coll.
is. <$ $ ad. et
imm. sk,
t, u. S ad. sk,
v. 5 ad. sk.
Malacca, July, Aug.,
Malacca.
Malacca.
Sept. Hume Coll.
Wallace Coll.
W. Harvey, Esq.
w. 5 imm. sk. Malacca (Canto?-).
[p.].
India Museum.
x-b\ d 5 ad. Malacca. Tweeddale Coll.
et imm. sk.
c', 2 ad. sk. Mt. Ophir, Malacca, Aug-. Tweeddale Coll.
d', e'. S ad. sk.
f. 5 imm. sk.
g. cS ad. sk.
h'. $ imm. st.
(Wardlaw Ramsay).
Foot of Gunnong Pulai,
Johore, Mar. (Davison).
Singapore.
LampoBa:, S.E. Sumatra
(Buxton).
Borneo.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Purchased.
i'. <$ ad. sk. ±sr.W. Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.
h\ c? ad. sk.
t. d ad. sk.
m\ $ ad. sk.
Sarawak (JEverett).
Sarawak, Sept.
Labuan (Low).
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
[p.j.
S. Harpactes fasciatus.
Trog-on Ceylonensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 19 (1760).
Trogon fasciatus, Pennant, Did. ZooL ed. i. p. 4 (1769) ; Gm. S. N.
i. p. 405 (1788); lath. Did. Orn. i p. 200 (1790); Penn. Ind ZooL
ed. 2, p. 35, pi. iv. (1790): Steph. in Shaw's Gen. ZooL ix. p. 6
(1815).
Harpactes
fasciatus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 80 (1849) ;
Layard, Ann. Mag. N. H. xiii. p. 171 (1853); Gould, B. Asia, pi. 75
[text] (1854) ; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. & Ind. Co. ii. p. 714
(1856-58); Jerd. B. Did. i. p. 201 (1862); Beav. Ibis, 1869, p. 406;
Holdszv. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 422; Hume, Str. F. i. p. 432 (1873);
Ball, Sir. F. ii. p. 885 (1874); Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 18, 1875,
p. 281 ; Gould, Mon. Troy. ed. ii. pi. 38 (1875); Thompson, Str. F.
iv. p. 498 (1876) ; Ball, Str. F. iv. p. 231 (1876); Fairbanh, Str.
F. iv. pp. 254, 264 (1876); Hume, Str. F. iv. p. 382 (1876);
Fairbank, Str.F. v. p. 393 (1877); Ball, Str. F. y. p. 413 (1877);
Hume, Str. F. vii. p. 507 (1878); Bourdillon, Str. F. vii. p. 172
(1878); Ball, Str. F. vii. pp. 203, 285 (1878) ; Legge, B. Ceylon,
i. p. 269 (1878); Butler, Str. F. ix. p. 381 (1880); Davison, Str.
F. x. p. 349 (1883) ; Maegregor, Str. F. x. p. 436 (1887) ; Oates,
ed. Hume's Nests $ Eggs Ind. B. ii. p. 340 (1890).
Pyrotrogon fasciatus, Cab.fy Heine, Mus. Hein.Th. iv. p. 156 (1S63).
Trogon nialabaricus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 26; id. Mon. Trog.
ed. i. pi. 31 [text] (1838).
Harpactes malabaricus,
Sivains. Class* B. ii. p. 337 (1837); Jerd.
Madr. Journ. xi. p. 232 (1840); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 71 (1845) ;
id. List Fissir. Brit. Mus. p. 44 (1848); Bonap. Consp. Gen.
Av. i. p. 151 (1850).
486 TR0&6?O3M*
Arh'lf tivtk. Headj nape, throat, and upper ehe«t dull l^ack or
blackish grey; back dull orange-brown, shading into rusty buff on
the rump and upper tail-coverts: a broad white band covers the
lower chest and divides the dark upper parts from the scarlet
breast, which gradually shades into pink on the under tail-eoverfs ;
wing and tail as in "H. htwmba, but the marking* on the wing-
coverts are nearer and le?* distinct: the second pair of tail-irathers,
except in the oldest example*, has a basal shaft-streak of chestnut
more or less developed, and often present al^o on the third pair:
bill bluish black, orbital -.kin smalt-blue: legs brown tinged with
vinous: iris dark brown. Total length 12*1 inches wing 5-3.
fail 6*S tarsus I)*5Q,
Imhwtvrf males differ from the adult in having the chest mixed
with grey feathers and the breast and belly with rusty-buff, *ome of
the winsr-coverts and secondaries barred with buff; the tail-feathers
pointed, the middle pair devoid of terminal black bars and the outer
web and tbe margin of the inner web of the second and third pairs
chestnut, tbe rest black, but the amount and extent of these colours
varies much according to age.
Achdt female. Head and upper chest olive-brown, rather brighter
on the back and shading into rust on the rump and upper tail-coverts ;
lower chest, breast, and underparts rufous-butt4; wing like that <>r
the female of II. kasvmha, but the rusty-buff bars are closer togethci ;
tail as in the adult male, but the second and third pair» resemble in
colouring fbose described for the immature male : iris dark brown ;
bill, gape, orbital skin, and legs cobalt-blue; claws paler. Total
length 11*5 inches, wing 4*9, tail 6**5, tarsus 0*55.
Immature females differ from the above in having the wing-
coverts and secondaries more widely and less regularly barred with
buff and the tail-feathers like those of the young male.
Hah. Western and Central India and Ceylon.
a-c, S 2 a<3* et Khandeish. Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk.
d, e. J ad. et
imm. sk.
Dang-s, W. Kkandeish,
May {James).
Hume Coil.
/ . <5 ad. sk.
y-i* 6 2 ad. sk.
A*. S ad. sk.
I S ad. sk.
m. J nr. ad. sk.
% o. $ nr. ad. et.
imm. sk.
p-r. c? ad. et J
imm. sk.
N. Canara.
CooHoorfTMt,May($fc/#$^
ter).
Kullar, July (Coekhum).
Kullar, Sept. {Wardlmo
Itamsay).
Kilffhin Hills, April (Damson).
"Wynaad, April, May (Damson),
Calicut.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
s, r. r? ad. sk, Malabar Coast. Hume Coll.
u-x, S 2 ad. sk, Malabar Coast. Tweeddale Coll.
y. <$ ad. sk. Palani Hills, June (Fair-Hume Coll.
bank).
7 . HABPACTES. 487
z. ($ ad. sk. Eridge, Travancore, Dec. F. W. Bourdillon
a'-c'. $ Jad.sk.
d', e'. S imm. et
$ ad. sk.
Mynall, S. Travancore,
Nov., Dec. [Bourdillon).
Ceylon.
Esq. fC.].
Hume Coll.
Purchased.
f-f. 6 $ ad. et
imm. sk.
k'~?nf.tf ad. sk.
n'-j)'. g J ad. et
Ceylon, Jan., April (Chapman).
Ceylon, Harcli (Nevill).
Ceylon.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould ColJ.
c? imm. sk.
4. Harpactes ardens.
Trogron ardens, Temm. PL Col. no. 404 (1826); Gould, Mon. Troy.
ed. i. pi. So [text] (1K33).
Ilnrpactes ardent, Gray* Gen. B. i. p. 71 (1845) j Gray, List Fissir.
Brit. Mus. p. 44 (1S48) ; Bonap. Consp. Gen. Ai\ i. p. 151 (1850);
('a*sw, U.S\ Eq)l Exp., Mamm. § Orn. p. 229 (1858) : Gould, B,
Asia, pi. 70 ~t^\t~ (1802); Gould, Man. Troy. ed. ii. pi. 39 [text"!
(1809); Grm;, Hand-I. IJ. i. p. 84 (1809) ;' Wald. Tr. Z. S. ix.
p. 149 (lb75); Tweed. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 340,1878, pp. 107, 943;
Mteerr, List Bird * 4* Mamm. Philippines, p. 9 (1890).
Pvrotrogon ardens, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zi/f/. p. 14 (1854) j Cab. $
''Heine, Mm. Hem. Tli. iv. p. 159 (1803)'/
Harpactes rhodiosternus, Peale, U.S. EjpL Exp. viii. p. 160, pi. 41
(1848) j Hartl Wiegm. Arch xviii. p. 112 (1852).
Adult male. Lores and forehead black, shading gradually into
deep crimson on the top of the head, occiput, and nape; feathered
part of cheek, ear-coverts, chin, and throat black, shading into
pinkish on the chest; upper breast dull crimson-scarlet, shading
into scarlet on the rest of the underparts; back, rest of upper parts,
wings, and tail as in II. Icasnmba, but the back is brown and the
white terminal parts of the three outer pairs of tail-feathers dovetail
obliquely with the black: bill yellow, green (black) at the
base. Total length 12 inches, wing 5-3, tail 6*8, tarsus 0*5.
The young male resembles the adult female, but the middle of the
breast, belly, and under tail-coverts are suffused with pink; the wing-
coverts are narrowly barred like those of the m^e, but the bars are
buff and the tail-feathers are as usuaJ more- pointed, and the centre
pair are without the terminal black bar. In more adult specimens
the pink chest and scarlet of the breast an?) .mderpaxts are more or
less apparent.
Adult female. Eesembles the adult female of E. Jcasumba, but
the chin and throat are black, the chest is dull rusty buff (much the
same colour as the rest of the underparts), the bars on the wing-
coverts and secondaries are wider, and the rump is chestnut; bill
like that of the male. Total length 12 inches, wing 5*2, tail 6-6f
tarsus 0*5.
Hob. Philippine Islands.
488
TRQGOSIDM.
a. c? ad. sk. Philippines. Gould Coll.
b-&. 6 ad.
imm. sk.
et PMlippines. Evton and Cumins:
"Cols.
e. (S ad. sk. Luzon, Jan. (3/eyer). Tweeddale Coll.
f,g. 6 2 ad.
A, 2. S imm.
sk.
et
Manilla (Maitland-Eeriot).
Manilla.
Tvreeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
$ ad. sk.
A% <£ad. sk.
/. J ad. <k.
Cataguan, Luzon.
Dinagat Isl., June (Everett).
Curalitsr Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
?w. J ad. sk. Mindanao. Purchased.
n. (5 ad. «k. Zambuanga. ' Challenger * Exped,
o~q. d ? ad. et Zambuanga {Everett), T-weeddale Coll.
imm. sk.
5. Harpactes whitehead!
Harpactes whitehead!, Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 895, pi. xii.; Everett,
J. Straits Br. JR. As. Soe. p. 106 (1880); &harpe, Ibis, 1890,
pp. 2, 281.
Adult male. Is most nearly sBied to E. ardens, but the crown of
the head is brilliant scarlet, the upper parts bright cinnamon, the
chest is pearly grey, and the white wavy bars on the wing-coverts
and secondaries are much finer and closer together: " bill and bare
cheeks blue, as well as the hare patch round the eye ; feet dull
brownish pink ; iris reddish brown " (Whitehead). Total length
12*2 inches, wing 5*2, tail 6%5, tarsus 0*6.
Adult female. Differs from the male in having the head, breast,
and rest of underparts cinnamon instead of scarlet, and the bars on
the wing-coverts and secondaries rnst-colour instead of white. The
grey chest separates it widely from the female ot E. arJf»h% and
reminds one of that of E. hasitmha. Total length 12 inches.
wing 5*4, tail 0*4, tarsus 0*6.
Eab. Mount En a Balu, X Borneo.
8. Harpactes erythroceplialiis.
Eace A.
Trogon erythrocephalus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 25; id. Mon. Troq.
ed. i. pi. S3 [text] (1838); Buttikofer. Notes Lend. Mm. ix. p. 13
(1887).
Harpactes
erythrocephalus, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 337 (1837);
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 71 (1846); id. List Fissir. Brit Mtrn. p. 45
(1848) • Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 43 [text] (1875); Emm %
Bav>. Str. F. vi. p. 498 (1878) ; Eume, Str. F. vill p. 85 (1870);
Oates, Str. F. viii. p. 164 (1879); Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 152
(1880); Eume §* Inglis, Sir. F. ix. p. 246 (1880); Gates, Str. F.
x. p. 186 (1882); Oates, B. Bimnah, ii. p. 90 (1883); Eume, Str.
F. xi. p. 41 (1888); Sharps, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 280: Oates, ed.
Hume's Nests §• Eggs 2nd. B. ii. p. 339 (1890).
Trogon hodgsonii, Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. i. pi. 34 (1838); McClelL
P, Z. S. 1839? p. 166 ; Gray, Cat. Eodys.Draio. p. 82 (1844).
Harpactes hodgsoni, Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. i. Syn. of Spec. (1838) ;
Blyth, J. As. Soc, Beng. p. 168 (1842); Gray, 'Gen. B. i. p. 71
7 . HAEPACTES. 489
(184-5); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 80 (1849) ; Bonqp. Consp.
Gen. Av. i. p. 131 (1850); Mors/, tf Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. Ind.
Co. ii. p. 713 (185(3-58); Jercl B. Ind. i. p. 202 (1862); Goidd,
B. Asia, i. pi. 69 [text] (1865); Beav. Ibis, 1865, p. 407; Blyth,
Ibis, 1866, p. 342; Gould, Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 42 [text] (1869);
Graij, HawM. B. i. p. 84 (1869); Bulger, Ibis, 1809, p. loo;
Blanf. Ibis, 1870, p. 465 ; Hume, Nests $ ^99s Ind- •#• P-"
(1873); Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 469 (1874), iii. p. 47 (1875), v. p. 18
(1877); Bingham, Str. F. v. p. 82 (1877); Hume $ Dav. Sir. F.
vi. p. 66 (1878).
Pyrotrogon kodgsoni, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1845) ; Cab. fy
Heine, Mus. Hern. Th. iv. p. 160 (1863) '
Raya nipalensis, Hodgs. MS., Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Basseres,
pi. 14. nos. 178, 179.
" Trogon dilectus, Hamilton, MSS. i. p. 63," Horsf. § Moore, Cat.
B. Mus. E. Ind. Co. ii. p. 713 (1856-58).
Race B.
Trogon flagrans, Midi. Tijdschr. Nat. Ges. p. 338, pi. viii. fig. 2
(1835).
Ilarpactes flagrans. Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 4 (1849); Bonap.
Consp. Gen. AD. i. p. 151 (1&50).
Pyrotrogon flagrans, Bonap. Contpt Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Pyrotrouron erythroceplialus, Cab. $ Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 160
(1503) ; :-Salvad. Cat. Ucc. Borneo, p. 28 (1874).
Trogon erythrocepkalus, Snellem. in Veth's Midden-Sumatra, iv.
p. 33 (lb87).
Race A. (H. erythrocejplialus.)
Adult male. Head, nape, and chest dull scarlet, gradually
shading into bright scarlet on the breast and rest of underparbs, the
chest and breast being separated by a more or less distinct white
band; back olive-rust, shading into rust on the rump and upper
tail-coverts; thighs rust-colour; wings black, quills with white
bases; the outer webs of the primaries margined with white; the
secondaries and coverts, except the greater primary-coverts, with
wavy bars and vermiculations of white ; centre pair of tail-feathers
chestnut, with a black terminal bar ; second and third pairs black,
chestnut towards the base of the outer web; three outer pairs black,
with the last third of the outer web white and inner web squarely
tipped with the same colour: culmen and tips of bill black, rest
purplish blue; orbital skin and gape purplish blue; irides light
brown; legs and feet dark fleshy purple. Total length 12*4 inches,
wing 5*7, tail 7, tarsus 0-6.
An immature male differs from the adult in having the chest,
especially the lower parts, and the top of the head mixed with
orange-brown, some of the least wing-coverts and the outer secondaries
mottled with rusty buff, and the tail-feathers pointed.
A very young male has the whole of the underparts mixed with
rusty buff, and all the wing-coverts and secondaries widely barred
and marked with the same, only a few red feathers being apparent
on the top of the head, right side of the chest, and belly.
490
TROGOXFD3Z*
In a nestling male with the fail not half-grown the upper and
lower surfaces are buff, and the secondaries and wing-coverts largely
mixed with the same colour.
Adult female. Differs from the adult male In having the head,
nape, and chest olive-brown like the back and the wing-coverts:
the secondaries barred and vermiculated with rusty buff instead of
white, and the iris ciimson or red.
An iniuiatm'e female differ* from the above only in having the
tail-feathers as usual pointed instead of square at the tips.
Hal. Ranging from Nepal and Sikhim southwards through the
Malay Peninsula.
a, b. £ $ ad. *t.
C~JL $ $ ad. et
inmi. bk.
i-u. £ $ ad et
imm. «k.
r-af. <$ Jad.sk.
b°, J imm. sk.
c\ d'. 6 ad. sk.
p'-g\ £ $ ad. sk.
ti. S ad. sk.
?"-/'. e ? ad. -k.
m'-p'. £ $ ad.
sk.
q\ tfadUk.
r', $'. c? imm. et
$ ad. sk.
f', w'. d ad. sk.
V'-J'. £ ad. sk.
$ ad. sk.
a"-f[. S $ ad.
et imm. sk.
tf'-k\ <? 2 ad.
et juv. sk
l"-ri\ S 2 ad.
sk.
o". 3 ad. sk.
p". 2 ad. sk.
f, r". <$ 2 ad.
sk.
s"t <$ ad. sk.
*', u". d $ ad.
sk.
Xepal.
Nepal.
Sikhim, Feb.. Mar., Apr.,
June, Oct., Nov., Dec.
(Mandelli).
Darjeeling, April.
Parjeiding, Sept. (Blanfird).
Gam Hilk, Feb. (Godirin-
Austiti).
N. Kha^Li Hills Mar.,
Dec. { CJu/itull).
Near G auli at ti, A^am, Dec.
{Danson).
Near Suddya, April, June
(CoclJjvm).
Dollali, April, Ma} (Coclz
burn).
Tippook, 31ar. (Cockhurn).
Dibroalmr, Jan., Sept.
(Cripp*).
Tipperah.
Tipperah,
Cachar, June (Inglis).
Manipm\Feb.,Mar.(Jl2/;^l
Tonghoo, Mar., June, An fir..
Nov. {Wardlair Ramsay).
Karen-nee, Jan., Mar.,
April (Wardlaw JRamsag).
Tliayetmyo.
Arakan Hills, Jan. (Oates).
Pegu Hills, April (Gates).
E. Pegu Hills, April (E.
W. 0.).
Lower
Pegu, May (JB.
W.O.).
B. H. Hodgson, E«q.
"P.".
B. H. Hodgson, E«q.
yr.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll
Tweeddale Coll
Hume Cull.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Cull.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coil.
Hume Coll.
Oates Coll.
Oates Coll.
7 . HARPACTES.
491
v", w". d ? ad. 1 Ossein, Pegu. W. T. Blanforcl, Esq.
sk. |P.|.
.r". $ ad. sir. Tenosserim. Gould Coll.
if. ? ad. sk. Pahpoon, Jan. (Davison). Hume Ooll,
s"-^1. c?$ ad. Sal ween Hist., Jan., Feb. llumo Ooll.
et hum. sk. (Dftm'j>o?i)t
ft1. $ ad.sk. Tlioungycon Disk., Feb. IIiime Coll.
(Bingham).
r\ 2 ad. sk. Tlioimgyah, Sept, (DarHume
Coll.
ting).
<P, e\ cT innn. Mooleyit, Jan., "Fob. (DaHume
Coll.
et g ad. 8k. vison).
f\<f 6 2 ad. Batu Putch, Pernk. L. Wray, Esq. [P.].
7J\ Sternum. Pecru.
K. W. Gates, Esq.
[v.-].
Eace B (IL flaynmi).
Sum a trail and Bornean [?] birds are decidedly smaller than those
from India and the Malay Peninsula, and on this account have been
separated from IT. erythrocephahis; but as, beyond their smaller
size, they in no respect differ from the latter they must be considered
as merely an insular race K. Total length 11*5 inches,
wing 5-1, tail 64, tarsus 0*6.
Hah. Sumatra, Borneo [?],
a. $ ad.sk. Sumatra (Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
b. $
ad. sk. Mount Sago, Sumatra, Tweeddale Coll.
Sept. (Bock).
c. d. (S ? ad. sk. Borneo [?]. Purchased.
7. Harpactes duvauceli.
Trogon kasumba, juv., Baffl. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 283 (1822).
Tropron duvauceli'i, Temm. PL Col. no. 291 (1824); Gould, Mon.
Trog. ed. i. pi. .32 [text] (18,18); Mull. Verhandl. Land-en
Volkenh p. 405 (1839-44).
Harpactes
duvaucelii, Sioains. Class. B, ii. p. 337 (1837) ; Gould,
Mon. Troq. ed. ii. pi. 40 \toxt] (1858); id. B. Asia, i. pi. 67 [text]
(1859); Moore, P. Z. S.1859, p. 459 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 213;
Feb. Novara Beis., For/, pp. 43, 101 (1865) ; Gray, Iland-l. B. i.
p. 84 (1869); Wald. Ibis, 1871, p. 161; Ilwne, 8tr. F iii. p. 318
(1875); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 102 ; Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 298;
Hume fy Dav. Mr. F. vi. pp. 03,498 (1878); Hume, Str. F. viii.
pp. 48, 85 (1879); Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 239; id. P. Z. S. 1879,
p. S2(% 1881, p. 792; Oates, B. Ihtrmah, ii. p. 101 (1883); Nicholson,
Ibis, 1882, p. 57 j Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1886, p. 353; id. Ibis, 1890,
pp. 3,281.
Pvrolrogon duvaucelii, Salvad. Cat. Ucc. Borneo, p. 29 (1874) ;
* Vorderman, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Lid. i. Ail. iv. p. 421 (1890).
Harpactes rutilus, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 71 (1845); id. Lfot Fissir.
* The thighs in both Sumatran specimens in the British Museum axe dark
grey edged with red instead of rust.
492 TKOGO^IB^.
Brit Mus. p. 44 (1848); Blyth, Cat JB. Mus. As. Soc. p. 80
(1849); Horsf. §• Moore, Cat B. Mas. K Ind. Cfe. il. p. 712
(185G-58).
Pyrotrogon rutilus, Cab, 4' ^ine, Mus. Rein. Th. iv. p. 154 (15C3).
Adult malt. Head, nape, chin, and throat deep black: back
cinnamon-brown; rump and upper tail-coverts, chest, and rest of
underparts brilliant scarlet; thiglxs grey tinged with rust; wings
and tail as in H. kawmba; bill purplish blue at the base, rest
black; gape and naked space above eye cobalt-blue: iricles deep
brown; legs and feet dark purplish blue. Total length U*2 inches.
wing 4*1, tail 5-1. tarsus 0*4.
Quite ijomig males resemble the female, but the top of the head
has a few black feathers; the chest and breast are mixed here and
there with the scarlet feathers of the adult, and some of the white
barred secondaries are usually present.
In somewhat older specimens the head and throat are nearly
quite black, and the chest is nearly pure scarlet.
Adult female. Top of the head dark olive-brown; lores, feathered
parts of cheeks, chin, throat, and back rust-brown, shading into
dull pinkish or orange-red on the rump and upper tail-coverts ;
chest ra^ty buff tinged with pink and shading into dull orange-pink
on the breast and rest of underparts ; wing> and tail as in the adu7t
male, but the bars on the wing-coverts and secondaries are buff,
and the terminal black band of the eentie tail-feather^ i> much
narrower. Total length Q'2 inches, wing 4*2, tail 5, tarsu^ U*4.
Yovng fimalts differ from the above in having the wirg-covprt^
and secondaries more widely barred with buff, the breast le^s ] ink,
the under tail-coverts buff, the tail-teatHrs pointed, the centre pair
without the black terminal band and the second pair ^omctime^
with a subterminal oval rufous spot.
Hab. S. Tenasserim southward* throughout the Malay Peninsula,
Sumatra, Billiton, and Borneo.
a-c. (S ad. et
imm. sk.
Palaw-ton-ton, Tenasserim,
DPC. {Davison).
Hume Coll.
d. J ad. sk.
e~n. d1 $ ad. et
Malawoon, Feb. (Daiibo/i).
Bankaso jn, Feb., Mar.,
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
imm. sk. May, June, Bee. (Davio.
S ad. sk.
p-tf. 6 ?ad.sk.
son).
Peiak Mountains.
Elang, Salangore, Feb.,
Mar., April, July, Aug.
L. Wray, Esq. HP/
Hume Coll.
e\ $ acl. sk.
imm. sk.
m1 , vi. S ad. et
imm. sk.
o'jp'. <$ $ imm .
sk.
q'. $ ad. sk.
(Davison).
Salangore, &eipt.(Davmn).
Job ore, Aug., Sept. (Davison).
Mt. Ophir, Malacca, Aug.
(Wardlaic ILam&ay).
Neealys, Malacca, Oct.
(Davison).
Kuroo, Malacca, Nov.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll,
TueeddaleColl.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
(Davison).
7. HABPACTES. 493
r'-fl", $ $ ad. et1mm. sk.
Malacca, July, Aug. Hume Coll.
h'\ c", $ § ad.
sk.
Malacca {Cantor). India Museum.
d". £ ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace, Esq.
[O.]e",
tf ad. sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra Tweeddale Coll.
{Buxton).
f'-m". 8 5 ad. Sumatra, Sept., Oct. {Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
et imm. sk.
n". 3 ad. sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace, Esq.
o"-q". S S imm.
sk.
Borneo.
[C.].
Gould Coll.
r". $ ad. sk.
s". $ ad. sk.
Labuan {Low).
Labuan.
Sliarpe Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
t". <S ad. sk. Sarawak {Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
8. Harpactes orrhophaeus.
'*? Le Couroucou canelle, Levaill. Hist.Courouc. et Tourac. pt. iii.p. 20,
pi. 14 (IbOO).
K" Trojron rutilus, Vieill. N. Blot, tfllist. Nat. viii. p. 313 (1817).
rPTrogvn cinnamomeus, Temm. PI. CoL, Courouc. sp. G (1825).
Y? Duvaucelius rutilus, Bonap. Comp. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854).
Trogon ratilus, Gould {nee Vieill.), Mon. Trog. ed. ii. pi. 41 [text]
(1858); Gould, B. Asia, pL 08 [text] (1859).
Harpaetes rutilus, Hume, Str. F. vii. p. 05 (1878).
Pyrotrogon orrhophseus, Cab. c$* Heine, Mm. Hein. Th. iv. p. 156
(1883).
Adult male. Differs from H. diwauceli in having the rump and
upper tail-coverts rusty brown instead of scarlet, the breast and
underparts less brilliant, and the white bars on the wing-coverts
and secondaries narrower and more wavy. It is also somewhat
larger in size. Total length 10*2 inches, wing 4*3, tail 5*1, tarsus
0*5.
Adult female. Differs from the female of H. duvauceli in having
the top of the head darker, the feathers on the lores, round the eyes,
and on feathered parts of cheeks bright rust-red • the feathers on
the sides of the chin and throat mostly black • the rump, upper tail-
coverts, and the whole of the underparts rusty buff, paler on the
belly and under tail-coverts, and the rust-coloured bars on the
secondaries wider apart from one another. Total length 10-2 inches,
wing 4:*3, tail 5, tarsus 0*5.
Hab. Southern part of the Malay Peninsula.
a. S ad. sk. Klang, April {Davison). Hume Coll.
b-e. 6 a(i. sk. Malacca, July. Hume Coll.
/. S ad. sk. Malacca. Tweeddale ColL
g. J imm. sk. Singapore [?]. Gould Coll.
h-Jc. 6 ? a l ak. Gould ColL
TK0G0XID.3E.
9. Harpactes oresMos.
Troffon ore»kios, Zt//2/rt. P/. Co/, no. 161 (1S23; : /'/. P/. (V„ Connac.
sp. S (1825); ^e/A i>? Skcavs Gm. ZooL xh. p. ±f0 i 1S20K Zt^.
TW/t' Or/i. p. 121 (1531); Gui/Id. Men. Tny. eti I. pi. SO text"
(IGSS;.
Harpactes oresMos. CvjvhL Mon. Troy, ed. L >yn. *pti. Hd-qaetea
(lSJfej; 6-Vffy, (?tA. P. i. p. 71 (1^45); id. Lid FL^ir. Brit. JPs.
p. 45 (1-4S)" Py/*f C«^. B. 3L/>. As. &„ p. ^0 11^40 *: Bonajj.
Cony. Out. Ai. i. p. 1-31 ll^OUi: Hur+f. 4* Mujre. Cut. B. JiW
E. 2nd. OK :i. p. 710 tl^jU-* ; Omfd. B. Anfi, I pi. 7l;>xf
{l^j.jj; Jfe///. P. Z 6'. lsUO, p. oUs: G<.Wtl 3Iua. Troy, ed. IL
pi. 40 t>\t~ 11^09 j ; Pert/. 16j\\ 1600, p. 407; Gcfnj.Haitd-l. B. 1.
p. 64(1 ^00 f; Pw/ie, >S*/\ F. iii. p. 47 (1^75>; Binykun. btf. F.
v. pp. tjH, ^2 11^77>; D«r. Sfr, F. v. p. 4*>4 |1^77j; Kvme& Bar,
Mr. P. vl. pp. 06? 40^ (l&7s); Bingham. Str. F. Ix. p Vs2 i 1^0};
Oates, Sir. F. s. p. ISO f!6^2); zY7. P . Bvnnah, IL p. 100 (15S3);
tihaq»i\ Bns, 18 55, p. o*J3 ; i>7» P. Z & 18&6, p. 2&Q ; Gates* Hume*
Xe*ts 4* &jg* Lid. B. il p. 342 (1690),
IIarpacte> or* H.-iu-% Blt/th, B. Bit ML p. 62 {1>7<>}: Oatu, hit. P. x.
p. 1-0 il^2); Sharjui, Ili»< WK), pp. 3, 2ftl.
Ore-ldtte guuldi, Bo/tap. Cun<p. Vol. Zyy. p. 14 (ld"34).
Ore*eiu* jrouldi, Cab. ty Heine, Mm. Hem. Th. iv. p. 101 (18(Ki);
8alead.'Cat. Ucc. Borneo^ p. #1 (lo74 i.
-.4t?i/?i '//^Zi. Head and nape olive-yellow, shading into brighter on
the client and especially the chin, which is nearly pure yellow;
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts chestnut; upper breast iiery
orange, shading into \ellowon the belly and under tail-coverts ;
wings and tail as in IB htsumla, but the white bar> on the wing-
coverts and secondaries are much wider, straigliter. and more distant
from one another ; hill bright blue, ridge of culrnen and tip of lower
mandible blackish brown; eyelids blue; leg*> and feet pinkish grey.
Total length 11*3 inches, wing 4*0, tail lrttf tarsus 0%J.
Lnmatun malts differ from the adult only by having the outer
secondaries pale butt; irregularly barred and blotched with black,
and the inner ones black, toothed and margined with bnif on the
outer web; the tail-feathers are, as usual, pointed, the centre pair
being without the black terminal band.
A nestling male with the tail only beginning to sprout resemble*
the female in the colouring of the upper parts, but the throat ii>
mostly covered with black down and the whole of the rest of the
under surface is rusty buff.
Adult female. Top of the head brown tinged with yellow; back
dull brown, shading into rust on the rump and upper tail-coverts;
chest sandy brown washed with yellow ; breast and rest of under
pays lemon-yellow; wings and tail like those of the male, but the
wing-coverts and secondaries are barred with buff instead of white,
the buff bars being as wide or nearly as wide as the black inter
spaces. Total length. 11-2 inches, wing 4*8, tail 6*0, tarsus 0*55.
Immature females differ from the above in having the outer
secondaries buff, blotched and barred with black, and the inner ones
black, widely toothed and blotched with very pale buff, and the tail
7 . HAEPACTES.
495
feathers pointed, the centre chestnut pair being without a black
terminal band.
Hah. Burma, Siam, Cochin China, Malay Peninsula, Sumatia,
Java, and Borneo.
a, b. (S 5 ad. sk.
c, d. $ ad. et §
imm. sk.
e. 5 ad. sk.
f-i. S $ ad. et
imm. sk.
A*. S ad. &k.
1. S ad. sk.
m-p. <$ $ ad. bk.
q. r. $ ad. sk.
s. 0 ad. sk.
f, v. £ 2 ad. skc-
z. 6 $ ad. bk.
a. ? imm. sk.
b\ S ad. sk.
G\ d'. $ imm. et
$ad. sk.
e'-h'. d* $ ad. sk.
H. J 1mm. sk.
j'-ni'. d 2 ad-
et imm. sk.
n'-f/^ 6 2 ad.
et imm. sk.
r\ s'. <$ ad. sk.
t'tu'. c?ad. sk.
i>'-y'. d 2 ad.
et JUT. sk.
s'. ($ ad. sk.
a". $ ad. sk.
6", c". S 2 ad.
sk.
d", e". 6 5 ad.
sk.
/". <$ ad, bk.
(/'. 2 ad. sk.
Afr-/".J $ ad.sk.
Tongkoo, Feb. (Wardkuo
Ramsay).
Karen Hills, Jan. (Wardlaw
Ramsay).
Lower Pegu, March
Kyouk-nyat, Salween Disi,
Jan. {Davison).
Thoungyeen, Feb. (Bingham).
Sinzaway Forest, Yonzaleen
R., Apr. (Bingham).
Dargwin, Salween Di&i,
Jan. (Davison).
Pahpuon, Salween Dist.,
Jan. (Davison).
Kaukanit, Hoimgthraw R.,
June {Bingham).
Thatone, Jan., Feb. (Davison).
Wimpong, near Thatone,
Jan., Dee. (Davison).
Meetan, Feb. (Davison).
Xedong, Attaran River, Dec.
(Davison).
Amherst, July, Dec. (Davison).
Xear Yea, Mar., April (Davison).
Meeta Myo, Tavoy, April
(Davison).
Xear Tavoy, April, May
(Davison).
Foot of Nwalabo Mi, March,
April (Daviso?i).
Mergui, July, Nov. (Davison).
Pakchan, Jan. (Davison).
Bankasoon, Mar., April, Dec.
(Davison).
Kohtown, Victoria Pt., Mar.
(Davison).
S. Tenasserim, Dec.
Tenasseiim.
Batu, Putcb, Perak.
Meklong, Siam.
Saigon, April.
Java.
Tvveeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
E.W.Oates,Esg_.[C.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Sharpe Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Gould & Hume Colls.
Hume Coll..
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll
Gould & Hume Colls.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coil.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
E.W.Oates,Esg/C.].
Gould Coll.
L. Wray, Esq,. [P.].
II.
C. V. Hunter,
Esq. [P.].
M. E. Pierre [P.].
Gould & Tweedaale
Colls,
496
TEOGOXIBJE:.
*\ P 8. HAIALABPACTIS.
^ r Type.
Apalharpaffe, Bonap. Consp. Vol Zyg. p. 14 (18-54).. IL reinwardti.
Aphalkarpaete^ Horsf.fyMoore. Cat. B. Mus. E. Lid.
Co. II. p. 716 H. reinwardti
Hapalarpactes, Cab. 4" Settle, Mu% Heia. IT. p. 162
(1863) .' H. reinwardti.
Three centre pairs of tail-feathers bluish green in both sexes,
without a terminal black ban Infraloral space, gape, cheek*, and
space behind the eye naked. Upper tail-coverts not abnormally developed.
Upper mandible not toothed behind, the snbterminal notch.
Throat yellow.
Range* Java and Sumatra.
1. Hapalarpactes remwardti.
Trogon reinwardti, Temm. PL Col no. 124 (1823): id. PL ChLf
Cowouc. sp. 5 (1825) ; Less. Traite Orn. p. 122'(1831); Gmdd7
Man. Trot/, eel i. pi. 27 text" (1«<^): JardinefyStlby, Must. Or a.
pi. exxx. (l&2o-4;j); Iliad. P. Z. & lfcfir, p. 444.
Triton riemsardti, Steph. in Shmcs Gen. Zool. xiv, p. 221 <1^2<>j.
Apalodenaa reinwardti, Stcw'tr*. Cla^. B. ii. p. 357 (1^37).
llarpacli s ivinwardti. Hart I Verz. Ma>. Brem. p. 12 (1*44} : fr/v/v.
Gen. B. i. p. 71 (1&45) : Gray, Li^t IVW/\ Brit. 3/?/«. p. 45 11^4*-;
Bonap. Cony;. Gen. At. i. p. 151 (1*50; ; Gotdd, B. A^ia. i, \u. 72
"text~ (1*05); Gould, 3iW. Troy. ed. ii. pi. 44 text" (1 Still | ; Grm^
"Hand-!. B. i. p. 84 (Ib&J).
Apalbarpactea
reinwardti, Bonap. Cony. Vol. Zyg. p. 14 (1854);
Vorderm. Sat. Tijcl Xed. Bid. slv. p. #21 (18561.
Hapalarpactes reinwardti. Cab. 4" Heine, JIus. Hem. Th. Iv. p. 1G2
(1803).
"Trogon sulphurous, Beghie,m {nte $jn>U Bonap. Comp. Gtn. Ac. i.
p. 151 (1850).
Harpactes orescius, Blyth, Ibis, 1885, p. 32.
Adult male. Top of the head olive-green, shading into olive-
brownish green on the feathered parts of the cheeks and chesst;
back dark green glossed with bluish green; throat, breast, and
under tail-coverts yellow, shading into orange on the belly ; thighs
greyish green; wings black; quills with white bases; primaries
margined on the outer web with white; secondaries and wing-
coverts, except the greater primary-coverts, which are uniform
black, dark glossy green crossed by numerous narrow yellow bars;
three middle pairs of tail-feathers dark green glossed with bluish
purple; three outer pairs the same, but with the greater part of the
outer web white and the inner web squarely tipped with white: bill
bright orange j feet apparently flesh or orange. Total length 13*3
inches, wing 5-7, tail 7*5, tarsus 0*7.
Adult female. Eesembles the male, but the throat, breast, and
rest of underparts are less brilliant, and the narrow bars of the
8. HAPAIAKPACTES.
secondaries and wing-coverts are represented by brownish, lines.
Total length 13*3 inches, wing 5*5, tail 7*1, tarsus 0*7.
A quite young specimen has the whole plumage dark brownish
grey, with only a few greenish-blue feathers on the rump; the
wing-coverts and secondaries with spots and blotches of buff, the
belly mixed with white, and the black on the outer webs of the
outer tail-feathers extends nearly as far up as on the inner web, but
is barred with white on the two outer pairs.
Bab. Java.
a. S ad. sk.
b. (S ad. sk.
c. J ad. sk.
Java.
W. Java.
W. Java (Wallace).
J. Gould, Esq. [P.].
A. E. Wallace, Esq. [0.].
Gould Coll.
d. $ ad. sk.
e. 1mm. sk.
f. Imperfect skel.
[Java.!
[Java.^j
Gould Coll.
Purchased.
2. Hapalarpactes mackloti.
Trogon mackloti, Mull. Tijd. Nat. Gesch. p. 336, pi. iv.fig.1 (1835);
Smlleman in VetNs Midden-Sumatra, iv. p. 33 (1887).
Harpactes mackloti, Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 4 (1849); Bonap.
Comp. Gen. Av. I p. 151 (1850); Gould, B. Asia, i. pi. 73 [text]
(1805) j id. Mon. Troy. ed. ii. pi. 45 [text] (1869).
Apalharpactes mackloti, Bonap. Consp. Vol. Zyg.f. 14 (1854).
Hapalarpactes mackloti, Cab. fy Heine, Mus. Hein. Th. iv. p. 163
(1863).
Harpactes reinwardti, Horsf. fy Moore, Cat. B. Mus. JS. Ind. Co. ii.
p. 716 (3860-8).
Adult male. Differs from the male of H. reinwardti in its much
smaller size and by having the lower back and rump dark chestnut.
Total length 11*3 inches, wing 5*1, tail 6-5, tarsus 0*6.
An immature female differs from the above in having the outer
secondaries narrowly margined and most of the coverts spotted at
the extremity with buff.
A quite young specimen (most likely a male, as the chestnut rump
and adult colours of the rest of the upper parts are well developed)
has the whole under surface rust-colour edged with brown, the
secondaries barred with white instead of yellow, and the wing-
coverts largely spotted with whitish buff subtermiually.
Adult female. Differs from the adult female of if. reinwardti only
in being much smaller. Total length 11 inches, wing 5-1, tail 6,
tarsus 0*6.
Hah. Sumatra.
a,b. <$ 5 ad. sk. Ayerangat, Sumatra (Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
c. tf ad. sk. Paio, Sumatra {Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
d.
J imm. sk. M. Sago, Sumatra, Sept. Tweeddale Coll.
(Bock).
e-h.
$ ad. et Sumatra. Tweeddale Coll.
imm. sk.
i. S
jur. sk. [Sumatra.] Zoological Soc. Coll,
VOL. XVII. 2K
ADDENDA.
THE following additions and corrections have "become necessary
during the progress of the present volume through the press.
.•,•.. Page 20. Coraclas lorti.
a, b. Ad. sk. Somali-land. E. L irt Phillips E«c^
[C.~. (Types ui
the topecite.)
^^ . Page 24. Coracias namxts.
w, o. Ad. sk, Somali-land. E. Lort Phillips, Esq.
Page 44. HELITTOPHAaUS.
Alter the Key to the Species as follows :—
a. Outer aspect of quills fawn-colour or che&tnut, etc.
a'. Band un lower throat black, etc.
ti. Band on lower throat rich ultramarine-blue, f^te,
b. Outer aspect of quill* Green, internally fawncoloured;
tail jrreen, with a broad black band
before a white tip ; the inner webs fawn-coloured
towards the base; a blue-black band un the
lower throat oreobatex, p. 408.
c. Outer aspect of quills chestnut, etc. gularU, p. 30.
d. Outer aspect of quills green, etc.
J^J . Page 48. MeHttophagns cyanostlctus.
r. s. Ad. sk. Somali-land. E. Lort Phillips Esq.
TV.
Page 51. Add:—
6 a. Melittophagns oreohates.
llelittophagus oreobates, Skarpe, Ibi$} 1892, p. 320.
Adult male. General colour above grass-green, slightly washed
with blue; wing-coverts like the back; primaries green, dusky
towards the ends, and fawn-colour along the inner web; secondaries
fawn-colour for the most part, externally green, with a broad
band of black before the tip, which is ashy whitish; inner secondaries
bluish green like the back ; centre tail-feathers bluish green, the
remainder fawn-colour on their inner web, green externally, with
a broad black band before the tips, which are ashy whitish; crown
ADDENDA.
499
of head green like the hack, with a very narrow line of bright blue
along the base of the forehead, extending backwards over the eye;
lores, feathers below the eye, and ear-coverts black; cheeks and
throat golden-yellow ; the hinder cheeks whitish; a blue-black patch
on the lower throat; fore neck and chest bright chestnut; rest of
under surface fawn-colour, with a slight wash of olive-green; sides
of body deep cinnamon-rufous, like the under wing-coverts and
quill-lining; edge of wing washed with green; under tail-coverts
pale fawn-colour washed with green, the long ones entirely green:
bill black ; feet dusky brown ; iris crimson. Total length 8*5 inches,
culmen 1*5, wing 4, tail 3-5, tarsus 0*35.
Hob. Ht. Elgon, Central East Africa.
A^£ . Page 54. Melittophagus revoilii.
b. Ad. sk. Somali-land. E.LortPhillips, Esq.
[C.].
^£ . Page 74. Merops ornatus.
/", m". Ad. sk. Adelaide Paver, R Australia Yoy. H.M.S. i Pen(
JDr. Bassett Smith), guin.'
^££ Page 85. Her ops uubicus.
i\ w. Ad. sk. Somali-land, E. Lort Phillips, Esq.
[0.].
^^ . Page 123. Ceryle stellata.
r. 3
; s, t $ ad. Central Chili. Berkeley James Coll.
sk.
Page 201. ITelidora macrorhitia.
Line 20 from the bottom, for " eufrosias" read " euphrosias "
^y^ . Page 207. Dacelo cervina.
z.
Ad. sk. Adelaide Biver, N. Australia. Yoy. H.M.S. ' Penguin.'
Page 209. Sauromarptis gaudicliaudi.
line 15 from bottom, for " Choncalcyon " read " Choucaleyon."
Page 232. Halcyon semicseruleus.
Line 11 from the bottom, for Dacelo " aetaeon" read Dacelo
" action."
Add ;—
/*', i', k'. Ad. sk. Somali-land. E. Lort Phillips, Esq.
1>age 254* Halc 011
Add *—
y Eiacleayi.
x.
Ad. sk. Adelaide Biver, N. Australia Yoy. H.M.S. <Pen(
Dr. Bassett Smith). gum.'
2K2
500 UDBEXBA.
^aa . Page 258. Halcyon pyrchopygins.
m. Ad.sk. Porfc Darwin, X Australia (i)r. Toy. H.M.8. fPen-«
Bassett Smith). gum*
jLfa. Page 287, Halcyon sanctas.
m3, Ad.sk Troughton Is., X.W. Australia, Toy. H.M.3. l Pen-
Sept. 4 (Dr. Bassett Smith), guin.*
Page 308. Tanysiptera margarita.
Spec. 7z-» are the types of Tanysiptera i&is of Gray.
Page 310. Tanysiptera dea.
Spec. / , g are the types of Tanysiptera nais^ Gray, not " of the
species."
JL&& . Page 319. IComotns momota,
n, o. <$ ad.; p7 q. Quonga, British GuianaT Oct., Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. Nov., March (U. Wliiiely).
Page 341. Add :—
3 a. Colius nigxiscapalis.
Colius nigriscapalis, JReichen. Bericht Sits. Ally, deutsck. orn.
Gesellsch. Feb. lblJ'2, p. 3.
Similar to €. nigricollis, but more obscurely coloured, with a
Mvescent instead of a greyish head, the back and ramp dull
rufescent; the shafts of the tail-feathers Mack instead of dusky
horn-colour. (Utiehencw, I. c.)
Hab. Camaroon. Mountains, "W. Africa.
^^ . Page 342. Colius affinis.
Colas leucotis affinis, Shelkyf Ibis, 1885, p. 312.
Page 388. Ehyti&oceros plicatns.
Befer Buceros rosiratm9 Porst., mentioned on p. 428, to the
synonymy of this species.
Page 393. PtaloIamTis ansteni.
Lines 5 and 10 from bottom, for A, tickeUi read P. tieke&L
Page 401. Lophoceros semifasciatus.
Line 18, for u primaries " read " tail-feathers."
Page 420. Bycanistes cylindricus.
Third line from bottom, for " casnarins>J read " easuatimis/'
ADDENDA.
501
Page 426. Ortholophus leueolophus.
Lines 12 and 20, for B. albocrisiatus read 0. albocristatus.
Page 474. Trogon macrurus.
line 26, for Proctes read Trocies.
Page 481. HARPACTES.
Alter the Key to the Species as follows :—
(Males.)
b. Breast and underparts orange.
e'. Upper parts paler chestnut; chin, throat, and
chest nearly pure yellow oreskios, p. 494.
f.
Upper parts darker chestnut; chin, throat, and
chest olive-yellow dulitensis, p. 502.
(Females.)
g". Chest rufous-huff; size etc.
e'. Throat, chest, and breast rust-red vidua, p. 501.
c.
Breast and belly orange.
f\ Throat and cbest sandy-brown oreshws, p. 494.
g\ Throat and chest grey, washed with dull olive-
green ................ dulitensiSj p. 502.
j^ : Page 482. Harpactes diar&L
K"m 6 ad. sk. Mt. Dulit, N.W. Borneo, G. Hose, Esq. [C]
5000 ft., Oct.
Afift. Page 488. Harpactes whitehead!
a, b. S $ ad. sk. Mt. Kina Balu, N. Borneo, H. Seebohm, Esq.
May (J. Whitehead). [P.].
c, d. 6 $ imm. sk. Mt. Dulit, N.W. Borneo, C. Hose, Esq. [C.].
5000 ft., Oct.
Page 493. Add:—
8 a. Harpactes vidua.
Adult female. Resembles the adult female of 2L orrTiopham,
from which, however, it differs in the following particulars :—the
top of the head is olive-brown instead of blackish brown; the back
olive-brown in place of rufous-brown; the rump and upper tail-
coverts olive-buff instead of dull rust-colour; the wing-coverts and
secondaries are more widely barred with rufous-buff; and lastly,
but most important of all, the chin and throat are uniform rust-
red, whereas in H. orrTiojpJiceas the feathers on the sides of these
parts are mostly black. Total length 9*5 inches, wing 4-4, tail 4-9,
tarsus 0*55.
Hob. Mt. Dulit, KVW. Borneo, and Mt. Etna Balu.
502 ADDENDA.
a. $ ad. sk. Alt. Dalit, X.W. Borneo, 4500 C. Hose, Esq. ~Q.\
ft, Oct. (Type of the specie^.)
It Is unfortunate that no male specimen of tills species has yet
"been obtained, the only specimen in ilr. Hose's collection being
a female. This is the second female 1 have seen, for another
exactly similar bird was obtained by Mr. J. 'Whitehead on Klna
Balu (see Sharpe, Ibis, I^ltth p. 4]. I examined this specimen
during the preparation of the Catalogue of TrogotiitLr, and convinced
myself that it belonged to an undescribed species allied to 77. orrhoghaus,
but with only a female skin from which to draw ones
conclusions, I thought it safer to await further material.
Page 495. Add;—
9 a. Harpactes dulitensis. (Plate XTII.)
Adult male. Differs from the male of E. oreslios in having the
chin, throat, and chest olive-yellow like the head and nape; the
back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and centre pair of tall-feathers much
darker chestnut; the upper breast much less iiery; the under tail-
coverts yellower, the white bars on the wing-coverts and secondaries
narrower, and the terminal white portion of the three outer pairs
of tail-feathers shorter. Total length 10*o inches, wing 5, tail
0*1, tarsus 0*5.
Arlalt female. Differs from the female of 77. on views in having
the head, nape, throat, and chest grey washed with dull olive ; the
back darker brown; the breast without any trace of oraniro on the
upper parts; the buff bars on the wing-coverts and secondaries
much narrower than the black inter-paces, and the terminal white
portion of the three outer pairs of tail-feathers shorter.
Mab. Mt. Dulit, XW . Borneo.
a, b. d $ ad. sk. Mt. Dulit, X. vv*. Borneo, 5000 C. Hose, Esq. TV.
ft, Oct. (Types of the specie».)
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Abyssinian Hornbill, 349.
Abyssinian Roller, 19.
abyssinica (Geryle), 278.
abyssinica (Coracias), 19,
21.
abyssinica (Coraciura),
20.
abyssinica (Halcyon), 278.
abyssinicus (Buceros),
350.
abyssinicus (Bucorax),
349, 330, 351.
abvssinicus (Bucorvus),
350.
abvssinicus (Coracias),
19.
abyssinicus (Halcyon),
278. m
abyssinicus (Tmetoceros),
350,351.
abyssinicus (Tragopan),
350.
Aceros, 349, 380.
acis (Tanysiptera), 305.
acto n (JDacelo), 232,
499.
Actenoide variee, 284.
Acfenoides, 213.
admiralitatis (Halcyon),
251.
adrena (Alcedo), 144.
ajgyptius (Blepharomerops),
68, 70.
segvptius (Merops), 67,
70.
asneus (Cuculus), 2.
ajquatorialis (Oeryle),
140.
aequatorialis (Momotus),
323.
Aerops, 58.
afer (Cornopio), 31.
afer (Cuculus), 2.
afer (Eurystomus), 30.
afer (Leptosomus), 2.
afer (Vourongdriou), 2.
affinis (Alcyone), 170,
171.
affinis (Anthracoeeros),
362,366.
affinis (Buceros), 366.
affinis (Colius), 342, 500.
affinis (Coracias), 13.
affinis (Hydrocissa), 366.
affinis (Penelopides), 371,
375, 376.
affinis schmackeri (Penelopides),
374.
afra (Alcedo), 118.
afra (Colaris), 30.
afra (Coracias), 30.
afra (Eurystomus), 30.
African Cuckow, 2.
African Hornbill, 354.
African Roller, 30.
africana (Coracias), 30.
africanus (Bucco), 2.
africanus (Buceros), 354.
Aganus, 440.
albicilla (Alcedo), 249.
aibicilla (Dacelo), 249.
albicilla (Halcyon), 249.
albicilla (Sauropatis),
249,250.
albicilla (Todirhamplms),
250.
albicillus (Halcyon), 249.
albicollis (Aerops), 77.
albicollis (Merops), 75.
albicollis (Temnurus),
439.
albicollis (Trogon), 439.
albifrons (Coracias), 19.
albifrons (Dacelo), 266.
albifrons (Melittopbagus),
53.
albifrons (Merops), 53.
albifrons (Spkeconax),
53.
albirostris (Antkracoceros),
366.
albirostris (Buceros), 364,
365.
albirostris (Hydrocissa),
364,365.
albiyenter (Trogon), 459.
albiyentris (Alcedo), 236.
albiventris (Dacelo), 236.
albiventris (Halcyon),
236.
albocristatus (Anorrhinus),
425.
albocristatus (Berenicornis),
425, 426.
albocristatus (Buceros),
425,426.
albocristatus (Ortkolopkus),
425.
albogularis (Halcyon),
227.
albonotata (Halcyon),
251.
albonotatus (Halcyon),
251.
alboterminatus (Lopboceros),
400.
albotibialis (Buceros),
420.
albotibialis (Bycanistes),
417,420.
Alcedo, 94, 140.
Alcemerops, 88.
alcyon (Alcedo), 125.
alcyon (Ceryle), 125.
alcyon (Chloroceryle),
126.
alcyon (Ispida), 126.
alcyon (Megaceryle), 126.
alcyon (Streptoceryle),
126.
Alcyone, 94,167.
alfredi (Halcyon), 256.
Alopbius, 398.
Apalharpactes, 496.
Apaloderma, 477.
Apkalharpactes, 496.
apiarius (Merops), 64.
apiaster (Crypticus), 317.
apiaster (Merops), 63.
amabilis (Carcineutes),
199.
amauroptera (Alcedo),
98,106.
amauroptera (Halcyon),
97.
amauroptera (Pelargopsis),
97.
amauroptera (Rkamphalcyon),
97.
amazona (Alcedo), 129.
\
arnazona (Oeiyle), 129.
arnazona (Chloroeeryle),
129.
Amazonian Kingfisher,
129.
Amazonis, 107.
ambiguus (Trogon), 441,
442,451.
ambiguus (Trogonurus),
451.
American Kingfisher,
125.
americana (Alcedo), 131.
americana ^Cerjle). 131,
134,135.
americana (Chloroeeryle),
132.
amerieanus (Merops), 60.
amherstiana (Xyctiornis),
88.
amicta (Nyctiornis), 90.
amictus (Alcemcrops),
90.
amictus (Merops), 90.
amictus (^Yctmomus),
90.
Angola Bee-eater, 45.
angolensis (Coraeias), 21.
angolensis (Melittophagus),
49.
angolensis (Merops), 45,
49.
angustirosfcris (Todus),
335.
annulatus (Buceros),
383.
Anorrliinus, 349, 390,
392.
antarcticus (Buceros),
3(59.
Anthracoceros, 348, 361,
370.
Antisianus, 430.
antisianus (Calurus), 433.
antisianus (Pharomacrus),
433.
antisianus (Trogon), 433.
antisiensis (Pharoma
crus), 430, 431, 433.
antisiensis (Trogon),
433.#
antracicus (Buceros),
309.
Archirnerops, 58.
ardens (Harpactes), 481,
487, 488.
ardens (Pyrotrogon), 487*
ardens (Trogon), 487.
argentata (Ceyx), 187.
armstrongi (Halcyon),
277.
aruensis (Sauromarptis),
210.
asiatica (Alcedo), 158,
160.
Aspatha, 313, 331.
assiniilis (Trogon), 446.
assimilis (Trogonurus),
446.
Astacopbilus, 213.
Atelornis, 4, 7.
athertoni (Alcemerops),
88.
athertoni (Bucia), 8$.
athertoni (Merops), 88.
athertoai (Nvetiornis),
88.
atrata (Oeratogrmna),
388, 389, 390.
atratus (Buceros), 389.
atratus (BucorYus), 390.
atratus (Sphagolobus),
390.
atratus (Tmetoceros),
390.
atrioapilla (Alcedo), 229,
236.
atricapilla (Dacelo), 230.
atricapilla (Halcyon),
229.
atricollis (Potbinus), 456.
atricollis (Trogon), 442,
455, 450, 457.
auranteiventris (Trogon),
441, 454, 456.
auranteiventris (Trogonurus),
454.
aurantiiventer (Potbi
nus), 454.
aurantius (Aganus), 472.
aurantius (Trogon), 443,
471.
auratus (Trogon), 448.
auriceps (Calurus), 434,
450.
auriceps (Oosmurus),
434.
auriceps (Pbaromacrus),
430, 431, 434.
auriceps (Tanypeplus),
434.
auriceps (Trogon), 434.
austeni (Anorrbinus),
393.
austeni (Ptilolasmus),
392,393,500.
australasias (Alcedo),
261.
australasise (Halcyon),
261.
australasise
(Sauropatis),
261,262.
australasia* (Todirbamphus),
268.
australe (Choucalcvon\
204.
australis (Alcyone), 168.
australis (Eurvstomus ,
34, 36.
Azure Kingfisher. 168.
azurea (Alcedo), 168,170,
171.
azurea (Alcyone), 168,
170.
azurea (Ceyx% 168, 170.
azureus f Alcedo), 153.
azureus (Earrstoniua),
40.
azuror (Merops), 42,
badia (Canerophaga), 221.
badia (Dacelo), 221.
badia (Halcyon), 221.
badius (Halcyon), 221.
badius (Melittopbas), 60.
badius (Merops), 60, 61.
babainensis (Momotus),
326.
bahamensis (Prionites),
326.
bairdi (Troson), 442, 443,
461.
bartletti fMoinotus), 320.
Barvphonus, 31*, 33(1
Baryphthentrus, 313,330.
basuanica (CVy\), 181.
basilanica (PenelopklesJ,
371, 372, 375.
bearani (Alcedo), 139,
160.
Bee-eater, 63.
Bee-eater, Angola, 45.
Bee-eater, Bengal, 78.
Bee-eater, Blue-beaded,
83.
Bee-eater, Chestnut, 60.
Bee-eater, Common, 64.
Bee-eater, Coroznandei,
79.
Bee-eater, Indian, 78,79.
Bee-eater, Mountain, 75.
Bee-eater, Philippine, 72.
Bee-eater, Red-headed,
55.
Bee-eater, Bed-throated,
50.
Bee-eater, Supercilious.
70.
Bee-eater, Variegated, 74.
Bee-eater, Yellow-beaded,
64.
Bee-eater,
Yellow-
throated, 64.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
bebni (Trogon), 469.
bella (Alcedo), 144.
Belted Kingfisher, 125.
bengalensis (Alcedo), 143,
144, 151, 152, 158,
159.
bengalensis (Coracias),
11, 13, 16.
bengalensis (Ispida), 144.
Bengal Bee-eater, 78.
Berenieornis, 349, 423.
beryllina (Alcedo), 161.
berjllina (Alcyone), 162.
bicincta (Alcedo), 110.
bicincta (Oeryle), 110.
bicincta (Ispida), 110.
bicolor (Alcedo), 137.
bicolor (Amazonis), 137.
bicolor (Anthracoceros),
369.
bicolor (Buceros), 369.
bicolor (Oeryle), 137.
bicolor (Cnloroceryle),
137.
bicolor (Hvdrocissa), 369.
bicolor (Merops), 60,61,
bicolor (Muscicapa), 47.
bicolor (Tephraerops), 8Q.
bicornis (Buceros), 355,
bicornis
355. (Dichoceros),
bicornis (Homraius),
355.
bicornis (Meniceros),
394.
bicornis (Ocyceros), 395.
bicornis (Toekus), 395.
birostris (Buceros), 394.
birostris (Lophoceros),
394.
birostris (Ocyceros), 394.
biru (Alcedo), 162.
bitorquata (Ispida), 110.
Black and White Kingfisher,
109.
Black-billed Hornbill,
406.
Black-capped Kingfisher,
229.
Blepharomerops, 58.
Blue-headed Bee-eater,
85.
Blue-headed Kingfisher,
166.
Blue Jay from the East
Indies, 10.
Blue Tody, 191.
bocagei (Toekus), 416.
boelnnl (Aerops), 83.
boehmi (Melittophagus),
83.
boehmi (Merops), 83.
boleslavski (Merops), 53.
boleslavskii (Melittophagus),
53.
boleslavskii (Spheconax),
53.
bolivianus (Trogon), 443,
470.
Bombylonax, 58.
borneensie (Buceros), 353.
bourasi (Ceyx), 185.
brae (Buceros), 350.
Brae ou Calao d'Afrique,
354.
braccatus (Aganus), 465.
Brachypteracias, 4.
brachy rhynchus(Alcedo),
144.
brama (Alcedo), 230.
Brazilian Kingfisher,
131. _ S
brasiiiensis (Alcedo), 131.
brasiliensis (Merops), 85.
brasiiiensis (Momotus),
319, 320, 321, 322.
brasiiiensis (Prionites),
319,320.
brasiiiensis viridis (Tro
gon), 448.
Brazilian Motmot, 319.
breweri (Archimerops),
86. _
breweri (Bombylonax),
86. ^
breweri (Meropogon), 86,
breweri (Merops), 86.
breweri (Nyctiornis), 86.
brunniceps (Halcyon),
buccinator (Buceros),
421.
buccinator (Bucorvus),
421.
buccinator (Bycanistes),
417,421.
buccinator (Tmetoceros),
421.
Buceros, 348, 352.
Buceroturus, 426.
Bucia, 88.
Bucorax, 347, 349.
Bucorvus, 349.
bullocki (Coccolarynx),
bullocki (Melittophagus),
bullocki (Merops), 51,52,
53.
bullocki (Spheconax), 52.
bullockoides (Coccolarynx),
53.
bullockoides (Melittophagus),
53.
bullockoides (Merops),
53.
burmanica (Pelargopsis),
104,106.
Bycanistes, 347, 416.
cabanisi (Alcedo), 134.
cabanisi (Oeryle), 332,
134,135.
cabanisi (Ohloroceryle),
134.
cserulea (Alcedo), 191.
cserulea (Ispidina), 191.
casruleiceps (Momotus),
327.
easruleiceps (Prionites),
327.
cseruleocephala (Alcedo),
164,166.
casruleocephala (Corythornis),
If56.
cseruleocephalus (Merops),
8b.
caeruleocephalus (Prionites),
327.
casrulescens (Alcedo),
161.
cseruleus (!N*yctiorms),
88.
cseruleus (Todus), 191.
cassia (Megaceryle), 12L
cafer (Buceros), 351.
cafer (Bucorvus), 351.
caffer (Buceros), 410.
caffer (Bucorax), 351.
cajeli (Oeyx), 182.
cajeli (Dacelo), 182.
Calao, 358, 382.
Calao a bee blanc, 365.
Calao a bee cisele, 372,
373.
Calao a bee noir du
Senegal, 406.
Calao a becque rouge du
Senegal, 409.
Calao a casque concave,
355%
Calao a casque en croissant,
354.
Calao a casque festonne,
382.
Calao a casque plat, 358.
Calao a casque rond, 427.
Calao bicorne, 355.
Calao caroncul6, 350.
Calao couronn£, 399.
Calao d'Abyssinie, 349.
Calao d'Afrique, 354.
Oalao de Gingi, 394.
Calao de la Cote de
Malabar, 362.
Calao de Flsle Panav,
372.
Calao de 3Talabai\ 362.
Calao de Hanille, 373.
Calao des Indes, 352.
Calao des Moluques, 3,18.
Calao des Philippines,
355,3l>2.
Calao Gingala, 397.
Calao Javan, 382.
Calao longibande, 402.
Calao male a bee cisele
de risle Panay, 372.
Calao nasique, 406.
Calao Rhinoceros, 352.
Calao Roux, 358.
Calao Toe, 409.
Calao unicorne, 362.
Calao violet, 362.
caligaius (Aganus), 467.
caligatus (Trogon), 442,
443, 464, 465.
calipyga (Alcyon), 218.
Caliurus, 430.
Callialeyon, 213.
calonvx (Eurjstomus),
34,"38, 39.
Caiurus, 430.
camurus (Alophius), 404.
eamurus (Buceros), 404.
caraurus (Lophoceros),
398,404.
camurus (Tockus), 404.
Cancrophaga, 213.
cancrophaga (Alcedo),
235.
cancrophaga (Halcyon),
221,243.
Cape Coly, 343.
Cape Kingfisher, 106.
capensis (Alcedo), 106.
capensis (Alcyon), 101.
capensis (Colius), 341,
343,344.
capensis (Halcyon), 101,
104,106.
capensis (Bhamphalcyon),
104.
capi stratum (Trogon),
461,
capistratus (Trogon),
461.
capistratus (Trogonurus),
461.
Carcineutes, 94,198.
Caridagrus, 213.
Caridonax, 293.
ALPHABETICAL LX23EX.
carinatus (Buceros), 391.
carinatus (Crypticus),
316.
carinatus (Homotus\
316.
carinatus (Prionirhynchuss,,
315.
carinatus (JPrionites),
316. .
Carolina? (Tanypiptera .
312.
carunculalus (Buceros),
350, 351.
caruneulatus (Colius;,
344.
Cassidix, 377cassidix
(Buceros), 377.
cassidix (Calao), 377.
cassidix (Cranorriiimis),
377.
cassidix (Rhyticeros),
377.
cassini (Halcyon), 272.
castaneiceps (Crybelus),
329. ^
castaneiceps (Momotus),
329.
castaneus (AXerops), 60.
castaneus (Trogon), 448.
castanonotus (Colius),
342\
casuarinus (Buceros), 420.
casuarinus (Phoiidophalus),
420.
cauclata (Coracias), 20,
21, 23, 25.
caudata (Coraeiura\ 21.
caudatus (Coracias^, 21.
caudatus (Cralgulus i, 19.
eavatus (Bucerosj , 355.
cavatus (Diehoceros),
350.
eavatus (Hoinraius), 356.
cayanensis cinereus
(Trogon), 458.
cayanensis yiridis (Tro
gon), 458.
celebensis (Merops), 72.
Oeratogymna, 349, 388.
cervicalis (Bacelo), 207.
cervina (Bacelo), 207,
499.
eeryina (Paralcyon), 207.
Ceryle, 94, 107.
Ceycis, 173.
Ceycopsis, 94,190.
ceylonensis (Trogon),
485.
Ceyx, 94, 173.
chalcites (Chloroceryle),
132.
cheliciifensis (HalcTon),
239, 240.
chelieuti (Alcedo'*, 239.
cbelicuti (Daceb), 239.
chelieuti HalcyonJi, 239.
cLelicuti (Pagurtrthera\
239.
Chelicutia, 213.
cciunuru3 v.Troson}, 442,
443,41)0."
chloris f Alcedo}. 273.
chluris (Bacelu), 274,
27S.
cliluris (Halcvon), 21B,
271, 272, "277, 278,
281,262.
chloris (Sauropatis\ 274,
277,262.
chloris (Todirhamphug},
274, 277, 260.
chlorocepkala (Alcedo),
273.
chlorocephala (Bacelo),
268, 271.
chlorocephalus (Bacelo),
274.
chlorocephalus (Halcyon),
274.
chlurocephalus (Todirhamphu.
sy, 274.
Chloroceryle, 107.
Chloropygia, 4.
Choucalcyon, 20 L
ehrysocepfaalus \ Herons ,
04.
ehrvsoeercus (iferopft),
08.
chrrsocbloros (Trogon \
435.
chrysochlorus (Trogon,,
chrysogasler (Trogon),
472.
chrysolaixnus (Merops),
cincta (Alcyone), 1811
cineraeeus (Buceros), 390.
cineraseens (Buoeroe),
394.
cinerea (Alcedo), 121.
cinerea (Loxia), 344.
cinereifrons (Alcedo),
247.
cinereifrons (Bacelo),
246,247.
cinereifrons (Halcyon),
_246,247.
Cinereous kingfisher,
121.
cinnamomeus (Halcvon),
208.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
cmnamomeus (Trogon),
493.
einnamomina (Dacelo),
260'
einnamomina (Halcyon),
259, 260, 261.
einnamomina (Sauropatis),
259.
cinnamominus (Halcyon),
259.
cinnamominus (Todirhamphus),
259.
citreolus (Aganus), 461.
citreolus (Trogon), 461.
Cittura, 95, 291.
clathratus (Trogon), 444,
475.
Clytoeeyx, 95, 203.
Coeeolarynx, 44.
Colaris, 28.
Coliou a dos blanc, 343.
Coliou d© l'i&le Panay,
339.
Coliou du Cap de Bonne
E^p<'nmce, 343.
Coliou hupe du Senegal,
345.
Coliou huppe du Senegal,
345. #
Coliou Quiriva, 3*14.
Coliou raye, 339.
Coliou ray& a gorge noire,
341.
Colius, 338.
colius (Colius), 343.
colius (Loxia), 343.
collaris (Alcedo), 262,
273,288.
collaris (Brachypteracias),
5.
collaris (Eurystoinus), 32.
collaris (Halcyon), 267,
274,277.
collaris (Melidora), 202.
collaris (Merops), 47, 48.
collaris (Trogon), 441,
448, 450, 453.
collaris (Trogonurus),448.
collaris (Todirhamphus),
205, 274, 277, 281,
282.
Coly, Cape, 343.
Coly, Indian, 344.
Coly, Panayan, 339.
Coly, Radiated, 339.
Coly, Senegal, 345.
Coly, White-backed, 343.
comatus (Anorrhinus),
423.
comatus (Berenicornis),
423.
comatus (Buceros), 423.
Common Bee-eater, 64.
Common Xingfisher,
143.
concinnus (Trogon), 465.
concrete (Dacelo), 285.
concreta (Halcyon), 285.
concreta (Paralcyon),
285.
concretus (Actenoides),
285.
concretus (Caridagrus),
285.
concretus (Halcyon), 285.
condea (Trogon), 484.
congener (Merops), 64.
constantia (Hapaloderma),
477, 479.
convexa (Hydrocissa),
364.
convexus (Anthracoceros),
3M, 364.
convexus (Buceros), 364.
Coporhamphus, 288.
Coracias, 4, 9.
Coraciura, 9.
Coracocichla, 7.
Coraeopitta, 7.
Corapitta, 7.
Cumopio, 28.
coromanda (Alcedo),
218.
coromanda (Callialcvon),
218.
coromanda (Dacelo), 218.
coromanda (Halcyon),
218, 219.
Coromandel Bee-eater,
79.
coromandeliana (Dacelo),
218.
coromandeliana (Halcyon),
218.
coromandelicus (Colius),
344.
coromandelicus (Halcyon),
218.
cororaander (Halcyon),
218.
coromandra (Halcyon),
218.
coromandus (Halcyon),
217.
coromandus (Merops),
79.
coronata (Alcedo), 193.
coronata (Dacelo), 261.
coronata (Halcyon), 261,
262, 266.
coronata (Hydrocissa),
362,366.
coronata (Paralcyon),
261.
coronatus (Anthracoceros),
361, 362.
coronatus (Buceros),
362,399.
coronatus (Toceus), 400.
coronatus (Todirhampbus),
261.
corrugatus (Buceros),
379.
corrugatus (Calao), 379.
corrugatus (Cassidix),
379.
corrugatus (Craniorrbinus),
393.
corrugatus (Cranorrhimis),
377, 379.
corrugatus (Rhyticeros),
379.
Corytbornis, 94, 162.
Cosmaerops, 58.
Cos in ur us, 430.
costaricensis (Pharomacrus),
431.
Couroucou a queue
rousse de Cayenne, 456.
Couroucou a ventre
jaune, 458.
Couroucou a ventre rouge
de Cayenne, 472.
Couroucou albane, 458.
Couroucou aurora, 456.
Couroucou (canelle), 493.
Couroucou d'Amerique a
ventre rose, 472.
Couroucou damoiseau,
438.
Couroucou de Cayenne,
458.
Couroucou de la Gfuiane,
458.
Couroucou geant, 477.
Couroucou gris a longue
queue de Cayenne, 472.
Couroucou oranga, 456.
Couroucou rosalba, 448.
Crab-eating Kingfisher,
232, 234, 242.
Cranoeeros, 426.
Cranorrbinus, 348, 377.
crassirostris (Eurystomus),
37, 39, 40.
Crescent Hornbill, 354.
Crested Kingfisher, 162.
crinita (Coracias), 24.
crissalis (Aganus), 467cristata
(Alcedo), 163,
164.
cristata (Corytbornis),
162, 103, 164.
cristatus (Buceros), 356,
417.
cristatus (Bucoryus),
417.
cristatus (Bycanistes),
417.
cristatus (Tmetoceros),
417.
Crombus, 1.
crombus (Leptosomus),
2.
crossleyi (Atelornis), 8.
crossleyi (Braehypteracias),
8.
Crypticus, 315.
OUCKOW, African, 2.
cultratus (Buceros), 389.
cultratus (Tmetoceros),
389.
Curucui, 448.
curucui (Trogon), 448,
458, 471, 472.
Curucujus, 440.
curueuru (Trogon), 471.
cuvieri (Merops), 77.
Cyanalcyon, 213.
cyanea (Aloedo), 121,
271.
cyanea (Ceyx), 168.
cyanicollis (Coiaris), 33.
cyanicollis (Eurystomus),
33.
cyanipectus (Alcedo),
186.
cyanipectus (Ceyx), 185.
cyanipectus (Meiittopbagus),
49.
cyanipectus (ilerops),
49.
cyanipectus (Sphecopbobus),
49cyaniyentris
(Dacelo),
229.
cyaniyentris (Bntomobia),
228.
cyaniyentris (Halcyon),
228.
eyanoeepliala (Alcedo),
154,166.
cyanocepfaala (Oorythornis),
167.
cyanocepbalus (Baryphonus),
319.
cyanocepnalus (Dacelo),
295.
cyanoeephalus (Halcyon),
295.
cyanocepnalus (Monachalcyon),
295.
cyanogaster (Coraeias),
AIPHAJBETICAI. EffBEX.
cyanogaster (Galgulus),
"27.
CTanogaster (Merops),
51.
cyanogaster (llomotus),
330.
cyanogastra (Coraeias),
"27.
cvanogastra (Coraciura),
"27.
cvano^alaris (Merops),
*S8.~
CTanoleuca (Alcedo),
" 245,249.
cyanoleuca (Cancro"
phaga), 245.
cyanoleucus (Halcyon),
242, 243, 245.
cyanopecfcus (Alcyone),
186.
cyanopnrys (Merops), 83.
cyanophrys (Pnlotkrus),
83.
cyanopbrys (Sauromarptis),
212.
cyanopygius (Merops),
61. *
cyanostictus (Melittophagus),
48,498.
cyanostictus (Merops),
45,48.
cvanostigma (Alcedo),
"164.
cyanosti£?ma (Corythornis),
103, 104.
cvanostiginata (Alcedo),
" 164.
cyanotis (Alcedo), 191,
cyanotis (Cittura), 292,
" 293.
cyanotis (Dacelo), 292.
cyanotis (Halcyon), 191,
193.
cyanotis (Ispidina), 191.
cyanoventris (Alcedo),
228.
cyanurus (Trogon), 459.
cylindricus (Buceros),
420.
cylindricus (Bucorrus),
420.
cylindricus (Bycanistes),
417,420,600.
cylindricus (Tmetoceros),
420.
Dacelo, 95,204.
damarensis (Halcyon),
239.
damarensis (Lophoceros),
399,411.
danae (Tanysiptera), 298.
daudini (Merops), 72.
dayisonl (Halcyons 2S2.
dea (Alcedo,, 307, 310.
dea (Dacelo). 305, 306,
307,310.
dea \ Tanysiptera), 302,
303, 305, 306, 307,
310,500.
deckeni ^Aiophius), 416.
deckeni (Buceros), 416.
deckeni 'Lophoceros),
3911,416.
deckeni (Efarnchaceros),
416.
deckeni (Tockus^, 416.
deiiEei (Aganust, 456,
diadematus (Buceros),
354.
diardi (Harpactes), 481,
482,501.
diardi (Pyrotrogon),
482.
diardii (Trogon), 482.
Dichoceros, 348, 355.
Diorocercus, 41.
diemenensis (Alcyone),
168.
dilectus (Trogon), 4S9.
dillwvnni (Ceyx), 177,
17a
diops (Alcedo I, 253.
diops (Cyanalcyon , 253.
diops {Dacelo , 253.
diops (Halcyon), 253.
diops (Todirlianiphus),
^253.
diopsioides (Halcyon),
256.
diopthalmo-rufo-yentre
(Alcedo \ 254.
discolor (Cueulus), 2.
discolor (X*ptOFcma», 1.
discolor (Leptoeomudj,
2,3.
dispar (Coracias), 23.
divina (Todirhamphus),
288.
dombeyanus (Frionites),
3313.
dombeyi (Momotus),
330.
dombeyi (Frionites), 330.
dotniceilus (Trogon),
4$3.
domingensis (Megaceryle),
126.
dominicensis (Todus),
334.
doris (Tanysiptera),
301,302.
dresseri (Merops), 83.
dryas (Caneraphaga),
248.
dryas (Daeelo), 248.
dryas (Halcyon), 247,
248.
dsebindscbicus (Buceros),
362.
dubia (Lophoceros),
406.
dulitensis (Harpactes),
501,502.
duvauceli (Harpactes),
481, 491, 493.
duvaucelii (Harpactes),
491.
duvaucelii (Pyrotrogon),
491.
duvaucelii (Trogon),
491.
Duvaucelius, 4S0.
elata (Ceratog\ mna),
SSS,3S9.
elatus (Buceros), 388.
elatus (Bucorvus), 389.
elatus (Ceratogymna),
SS9.
elegans (Lophoceros),
399, 413, 415.
elegans (Merops), 64.
elegans (Toeeub), 415.
elegans (Trogon), 441,
442, 448, 449, 450,
451.
elegans (Trogonurus),
450.
elliotti (Buceros), 369.
ellioti (Dacelo), 305.
ellioti (Tanysiptera),
305.
emiliaa (Tanysiptera),
302.
Entomobia, 213.
Entomothera, 213.
epirhinus (Buceros),
408.
epirbinus (Lophoceros),
398,480.
erytbaca (Alcedo), 174.
erytbaca (Ceyx), 175.
erytbrinus (Trogon),
448.
erytbrocepbalus (Harpactes),
481, 488, 489.
erytbrocepbalus (Merops),
55, 56.
erytbrocepbalus (Pyro"
trogon), 489.
erytbrocepbalus (Trogon),
488, 489.
ALPHABETICAL EtfDEX.
erythrogaster (Alcedo),
235.
erytbrogastra (Halcyon),
233.
erytbromelas (Colius),
344.
erytbromelon (Colius),
334.
erytnronotus (Trogon),
475.
erytbropterus (Melittophagus),
45, 47.
erytbropterus (Merops),
45, 47.
erytbropus (Colius),
erytbropygius (Colius),
343.
erythrorhvnchus (Alophius),
410.
erytbrorhyncbus (Buceros),
409, 410, 411.
erytbrorbyncbus (Lophoceros),
399, 409, 410.
erytbrorbyncbus (Bhyncboceros),
410.
erytbrorbyncbus (Tockus),
409, 410, 411.
euerytbra (Ceyx), 178,
179.
Eumomota, 313, 317.
euphrasise- (Melidora),
202.
euphrosias (Melidora),
201.
euphrosinse (Melidora),
202.
Euptilotis, 429, 436.
Eurystomus, 4, 28.
euryzona (Alcedo), 154,
156.
exaratus (Anorrbinus),
376.
exaratus (Buceros),
376.
exaratus (Hydrocissa),
376.
exaratus (Penelopides),
372,376.
exarhsetus (Buceros),
376.
exarhatus (Buceros),
376.
eximius (Trogon), 460.
exoptatus (Trogon),
448.
eytoni (Trogon), 448,
449.
fallax (Ceycopsis), 190.
fallax (Ceyx), 190.
fallax (Dacelo), 190.
iaseiatus (Buceros), 401,
402.
fasciatus (Grammicus),
402.
fasciatus (Harpactes),
481,485.
fasciatus (Lopboceros),
398, 402.
fasciatus (Pyrotrogon),
485.
fasciatus (Tocktis), 402.
fasciatus (Trogon), 484,
485.
ferrugeiceps (Merops),
79.
fistulator (Buceros), 422,
423.
fistulator (Bycanistes),
417, 422.
fistulator (Pholidophalus),
422.
fistulator (Tmetoceros),
422.
flagrans (Harpactes),
489, 491.
flagrans (Pyrotrogon),
489.
flagrans (Trogon), 489,.
flavicoEis (Buceros),
387.
flayirostris (Alopbius),
412, 414, 415.
flayirostris (Buceros),
412,414.
flayirostris (Halcyon),
197.
flayirostris (Lopboceros),
399, 412, 413.
flavirostris (Ebyncboceros),
412.
flavirostris (Syma), 197.
flayirostris (Toekus), 412,
414, 415.
floresiana (Alcedo), 151.
floresiana (Pelargopsis),
103.
fluminicola (Ceyx), 187.
forbesi (Halcyon), 247.
forskalii (Buceros), 407.
forskalii (Lopboceros),
407.
forsteni (Dacelo), 279.
forsteni (Halcyon), 279.
forsteni (Meropogon),
87.
forsteni (Merops), 87.
forsteni (Nyctiomis),
87.
forsteni (Pogonomerops),
forsteni (Sauropatis),
279.
fraseri (Pelargopsis), 99,
106.
fraterculus (Anthraeoceros),
366.
frenatus (Melittophagus),
52.
frenatus (Merops), 52,53.
frenatus (Spheeonax), 52.
fulgidus (Calurus), 433.
fulgidus (Caridonax),
296.
fulgidus (Cosmurus),433.
fulgidus (Dacelo), 296.
fulgidus (Halcyon), 296.
fulgidus (Monaehalryon),
296.
fulgidus (Pharomacrus),
433.
fulgidus (Tanypeplus),
433.
fulgidus (Trogon), 433.
funebris (Cyanalcyon),
283.
funebris (Dacelo), 283.
funebris (Halcyon), 283.
funebris (Sauropatis),
283.
funebris (Todirharuphus),
283.
furcatus (Dicroeercus),
42.
furcatus (Melittophagus),
42.
furcatus (Merops), 42.
fusca (Alcedo), 204, 222,
227.
fusca (Dacelo), 223.
fusca (Entomobia), 223.
fusca (Entomothera),
223.
fusca (Halcyon), 223.
fuseicapilla (Alcedo),
236.
fuseicapilla (Chelicutia),
236.
fuseicapilla (Dacelo),
236.
fuseicapilla (Halcyon),
236.
fuseicapilla (Pagurothera),
236.
fuscicapillus
(Eurystomus),
33.
galatea (Tanysiptera),
307, 308, 309.
galeatus (Buceros), 427.
galeatus (Buceroturus),
427.
ALPHABETICAL IXDEX.
galeatus (Ehinoplax),
427.
galerita (Alcedo), 166.
galer i ta ( Cor vthornis),
166, 167.
galeritus (Anorrhinus),
391, 393.
galeritus (Anthracoceros),
391.
galeritus (Buceros),
391.
galeritus (Hydrocissa),
391.
Galgulas, 9.
garrula (Colaris), 33.
garrula (Coraeias), 15.
Garrulous Boiler, 16.
garrulus (Coraeias), 15.
garrulus (Galgulns), 16.
gaudichaudi (Chouealcyon),
209.
gaudichaudi (Dacelo),
209,212.
gaudichaudi (Halcyon),
210.
gaudichaudi (Monachalcyon),
210.
gaudichaudi (Sauromarptis),
209,210,499.
gentiana (Ceyx), 188.
Geobiastes, 4, 6.
germanieus (Coraeias),
16.
gigantea (Dacelo), 204.
gigas (Alcedo), 204.
gigas (Dacelo), 204.
gigas (Paraleyon), 205.
gigas (Trogon), 477.
gingala (Buceros), 397.
gingalensis (Alophius),
397.
gingalensis (Buceros),
397.
gingalensis (Oeyceros),
394, 397.
gingalensis (Bhinoplax),
397.
gingalensis (Tockus),
396, 397.
gigantea (Alcedo), 204.
gigantea (Ceryle), 118.
gigantea (Ispida), 118.
gigantea (Megaceryle),
118.
gigantea (Pelargopsis),
100.
Gingi Hombill, 394.
gingianus (Buceros),
394.
ginginianus (Buceros),
ginginianus (Atenieeros),
394.
ginginianus (Oevceros).
394.
ginginianus (Penelopides).
394.
ginginianus (Tockus',
394.
Gip-gip, 131.
glaucuriia (Coraeias\ 29.
glaucurus (Eurvstoinus).
29, 31.
glocitans (Trogon), 444.
godeffrovi (Halcyon),
251. "
goldieiOrelidora),202.
gouldi (Orescius), 41)4.
gouidi (Ore4uos). 494.
gouldi (Pelargopsis), 100.
graeile (Leptosoma), 3.
gracilis (Buceros), 379.
gracilis (Leptosomiu*), 3.
Grammicus, 398.
Grand Calao d'Abyssinie,
349.
Grand Coucou de lladagascar,
1.
Grand
Guepier yerfc et
blanc a gorge jaune,
64.
Grand Guespier cles
Philippines, 71.
Grand Martm-pecheur de
la Sfomelle Guinee,
204.
Grand Martin-pecheur de
Madaga-car, 227.
Grand Martin-pescheur
de Bengali, 222.
Grand Slartin-pescheur
du Senegal, 242.
Grand Eolle Violet, 29.
grandis (Alcedo), 156.
grandis (Momotus),
323.
grayi (Dacelo), 264.
grayi (Halcyon), 279.
grayi (Sauropatis), 279.
Great African Kingfisher,
118. S
Great Bengal Kingfisher,
222.
Great Brown Kingfisher,
204.
Great Gambian Kingfisher,
222.
Great
Kingfisher from
the Elver Gambia,
222.
Green-headed Kingfisher,
273.
Green-winged Hornbill,
562.
Grey Hornbill, 396.
griseus (Alophius), 396.
griseus (Bueeros), 396.
griseus (Ocyeeros), 394,
396.
griseus (Ehinoplax),
396.
griseus (Toccus), 396.
griseus (Tockus), 396,
397.
guacu (Alcedo), 125.
guentheri (Alcedo;, 156.
Guepier 4 collier grosbleu,
48.
Guepier a gorge blanche,
76.
Guepier a gorge bleu, 79.
Guepier a gorge rouge,
51.
Guepier a queue fourcbue,
43.
Guepier a teste rouge
des Indes, 55.
Guepier a tete jaune,
64.
Guepier a tete rouge,
55.
Guepier Bonelli, 70.
Guepier Bulock, 51.
Guepier citron, 79.
Guepier Cuvier, 76.
Guepier d Angola, 45.
Guepier Daudin, 72.
Guepier de Madagascar,
70.
Guepier de ZS"ubie, 85.
Guepier gris-rose, 86.
Guepier jaune de la cote
de Coromandel, 79.
Guepier Laicbenot, 55.
Guepier Lamarck, 79.
Gu§pier Latreille, 60.
Guepier marron et bleu,
60.
Guepier xninule, 47.
Guepier quinticolor, 55.
Guepier rouge a tete
bleu e j 85.
Guepier rouge et vert du
Senegal, 47.
GuSpier rousse-gorge, 67.
Guepier roushe-tete, 70.
Guepier JSavigny, 67.
Guepier Sonnini, 48.
Gu&pier tawa, 43,
Guepier Thouin, ou a
longs brins, 75.
Guepier yert a gorge
bleu, 79.
ALPHABETICAL lEBEX.
Guepier Tert a queue
d'azur, 72.
Gu&pier vulgaire, 64.
Guespier, 63.
Guespier a collier de
Bengale, 78.
Guespier a collier de
Madagascar, 78.
Guespier a teste jaune,
63.
Guespier de 1'isle de
France, 60.
guineensis (Bueeros), 350.
guineensis (Bucoraxj,
350.
guineensis (Bucorvus),
350.
gularis (Alceclo), 227.
gularis (Aspatlm), 331.
gularis (Golaris), 32.
gularis (Cornopio), 32.
gularis (Dacelo), 227.
gularis (Entoinobia),
227.
gularis (Entomotbera),
227.
gularis (Eurystomus),
32, 37.
gulaiis (Halcyon), 227.
gularis (Hylomanes),
331.
gularis (Melittophagus),
50.
gularis (Meropiscus),
50.
gularis (Merops), 50.
gularis (Momotus), 331.
gularis (Nyctiornis), 50.
gularis (Prionites), 331.
gurial (Halcyon), 101.
gurial (Peiargopsis),
101.
gurial (Rhanrphalcyon),
99,101.
guttata (Alcedo), 118.
guttata (Alcyon), 115.
guttata (Ceryle), 115.
guttata (Megaceryle),
guttatus (Alcedo), 115.
Gymnohemus, 348, 370.
babessinica (Ooracias),
20. # _
babessinicus (Tmetoceros),
350, 351.
Hairy Boiler, 24.
Halcyon, 95, 213.
Hapalarpactes, 430, 496.
Hapalodernia, 430, 477.
Hapalophorus, 440.
Hapalurns, 480.
bargitti, Trogon (Calu
rus), 435.
Harpaetes, 430, 480, 501.
bartlaubi (Alcedo), 164.
bartlaubi (Alophius),
403.
bartlaubi (Bueeros), 403.
bartlaubi (Lophoceroa),
398, 403.
bartlaubi (Toccus), 403.
bastatus (Bueeros), 407.
bastatus (Grainniieus),
407.
bastatus (Tockus), 407.
helisetin (Pharoinaerus),
435.
beliactin (Tanypeplus),
435.
beliothrix (Trogon), 446.
Helmet Hornbill, 427.
hemprichii (Alophius),
405.
bemprichi (Bueeros),
405._
bemprichi (Lophoceros),
398,405.
bemprichi (Toccus), 405.
hirundinaceus (Bicro
cercus), 42, 43.
hirundinaceus (Melittophagus),
42, 43.
hirundinaceus (Merops),
42,43.
hirundineus (Dicrocercus),
43.
hirundineus (Melitto
phagus), 43.
hirundineus (Merops), 43.
hirundo (Merops), 43.
hispida (Alcedo), 144.
hodgsoni (Pyrotrogon),
489.
hodgsonii (Harpaetes),
488.
hodgsonii (Trogon), 488.
hoffmanni (Troetes),
475.
hombroni (Actenoides),
284.
hombroni (Halcyon),
284.
homrai (Bueeros), 356.
homrai (Dichoceros),
356.
Homrai us, 355.
Hornbill, Abyssinian,
349.
Hornbill, Ehinoceros,
352.
humii (Halcyon), 281.
hungarias (Merops), 64,
hydrocharis (Dacelo),
304.
hydrocharis (Tanysiptera),
304.
Hydroeissa, 361.
Hydroeorax, 348,357.
hydrocorax (Buceros),
358.
hydrocorax (Hydrocorax),
358.
hydrocorax (Platyceros),
"358.
Hvlcaon, 96,
Hylomanes, 313, 352.
liypochondriacus (To
dus), 336, 337.
hypoglaueus (Melittophas),
60.
hypoglaueus (Merops),
Ichthynomus, 107.
Icterocephale, 64.
igxiobilis (Moniotus),
321.
incinctus (Halcyon), 254.
inda (Alcedo), 137.
inda (Ceryie), 137.
inda (Chloroceryle), 137.
Indian Bee-eater, 78.
Indian Coly, 344.
Indian Hornbill, 358.
Indian Kingfisher, 143.
Indian Roller, 11.
Indian Roller, Swallow-
tailed, 19.
indica afimis (Ooracias),
13.
indica (Alcedo), 137.
indica (Buceros), 353.
indica (Coracias), 10, 11,
13.
indicus (Ooracias), 10,
13.
indicus (Hydrocorax),
354.
indicus (Merops), 79.
indicus (Urocolius), 344.
innominata (Ceyx), 179,
180.
insculptus (Buceros),
372.
intermedia (Dacelo),
208.
intermedia (Pelargopsis),
99.
intermedius (Buceros),
364
intermedius (Colius),
339.
ALPHABETICAL IXDEX.
intermedius (Dacelo),
208.
irrorata (Halcyon), 242.
irroratus (Halcvon),
242.
isis (Tanysiptera), 306.
Ispida, 107.
ispida (Alcedo), 141,
144,152.
Ispidina, 94, 190.
ispidoides (Alcedo), 152.
jaeksoni (Lophoceros),
399, 416.
jaequinoti (Actenoides),
254.
jacqninoti (Halevon),254,
255.
jagoensis (Dacelo), 235.
jagoensis (Halcyon),
235.
Jaguaeati, 125.
jaguacati (Alcedo), 125.
japonica (Alcedo), 144.
javana (Alcedo), 98.
javana (Halcyon), 99.
javana (Pelargopsis),
106.
javana (Rhamphalcyon),
106.
javanica (Alcedo), 99.
javanica (Buceros), 354.
javanicus (Blepharomerops),
72.
javanicus (Buceros), 383.
javanicus (Merops), 72.
javanus (Buceros) 383.
Jay from Bengal, 10.
jobiensis (Melidora),
julias (Halcyon), 264,
280.
julise (Sauropatis), 264,
280.
kasumba (Harpactes),
481, 483, 486, 487,
488,494.
kasumba (Pyrotrogon),
484.
kasumba (Trogon), 483,
491.
Kingfisher, 125.
Kingfisher, Amazonian,
129.
Kingfisher, American,
125.
Kingfisher, Azure, 168.
Kingfisher, Belted, 125.
Kingfisher, Black and
White, 109,131.
Kingfisher, Black-capped,
229.
Kingfisher, Blue-headed,
166.
Kingfisher, Brazilian,
131.
Kingfisher, Cape, 106.
Kingfisher, Cinereous,
121.
Kingfisher, Common,
143.
Kingfisher, Crab-eating,
232,234.242.
Kingfisher, Crested, 162.
Kingfisher, Great Afri
can, 118.
Kingfisher, Great Bengal,
222.
Kingfisher, Great Brown,
204.
Kingfisher, Great Gambian,
222.
Kingfisher, Green-headed,
273.
Kingfisher, Indian, 143.
Kingfisher, Libyan, 239.
Kingfisher, Little Green
and Orange-coloured,
138.
Kingfisher, Little Indian,
141.
Kingfisher, Respected,
291.
Kingfisher, Rufous, 194. *
Kingfisher, Rufous and
Green, 137.
Kingfisher, Sacred, 262.
Kingfisher, Smirna, 222.
Kingfisher, Smyrna, 222.
Kingfisher, Spotted, 137.
Kingfisher, Supercilious,
138.
Kingfisher, Three-toed,
168.
Kingfisher, Venerated,
288.
Kingfisher, White-headed,
98.
kubaryi (Sauromarptis),
211.
Lacedo, 198.
Isetior (Eurystomus), 36.
lafresnayi (Melittopha
gus), 49.
lafresnayi (Merops), 49,
50.
lafresnayi (Sphecopho*
bus), 50.
I/JJatli, 121.
lamarcki (Merops), 79.
Large Kingfisher from
Ben gale, 222.
lazuli (Alcedo), 252.
lazuli (Cyanalcyon), 252,
254
lazuli (Dacelo), 252.
lazuli (Halcyon), 252.
lazuli (Todirhaniphus),
252.
lazulina (Dacelo), 255.
leachii (Dacelo), 206,
208.
lecontei (Alcedo), 195,
196.
lecontei (Ispidina), 196.
lecontii (Myioceyx), 196.
lefebvrii (Merops), 49.
lemprieri (Anthracoceros),
370.
lepida (Alcedo), 183.
lepida (Alcyone), 183.
lepida (Ceyx), 182, 183.
lepida (Dacelo), 183.
lepidus (Aganus), 465.
Lepto&urna, 1.
Leptosomus, 1.
leptosomus (Brachy
pteracias), 5.
leptosomus (Chloro
pygia), 5.
leptosomus (Colaris), 5.
Leptuas, 436.
lepturus (Trogon), 456.
leschenaulti (Melitto
phagus), 55, 56.
leschenaulti (Merops),
55,56.
lessoni (Actenoides), 286.
lessoni (Alcyone), 170.
lessoni (Dacelo), 286.
lessoni (Momotus), 324.
lessoni (Prionites), 324.
lessonia (Syma), 197.
leucocephala (Alcedo),
98,101, 104, 106, 232.
leucocephala (Dacelo),
106.
leucocephala (Halcyon),
99, 101, 103, 233.
leucocephala (Pelargopsis),
98, 99,100, 106.
leucocephalus (Buceros),
378.
leucocephalus (Colius),
340.
leucocephalus (Craniorrhinus),
378.
leucocephalus (Cranorrhinus),
377, 378.
leucocephalus (Halcyon),
104.
YOL. XVII.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX*
leucogaster (Alcedo). 193.
leucogaster (Buceros),
366.
leucogaster (Halcyon),
193.
leucogaster (Ispidina),
193.
leucogastra (Corythornis),
194.
leucogastra (Ispidina),
194.
leucolophus (Anorrhinus),
426.
leucolophus (Berenicornis),
426.
leucolophus (Ortholophus),
425, 426,501.
leucomelanura (Ceryle),
113.
leucomelas (Buceros),
414.
leucomelas (Ceryle), 110.
leucomelas (Lophoceros),
399, 413, 414. 415.
leucomelas (Bhyncha
ceros), 414.
leuconotus (Colius), 348.
leucopygia (Dacelo), 252.
leucopygia (Halcvon),
252.
leucopygius (Buceros),
418.
leucopygius (Bycanistes),
417, 418.
leucopygius (Oyanalcyon),
252.
leucopygius (Halcyon),
252.
leucopygius (Todirhamphus),
252.
leucosticta (Chloroceryle),
129.
leucostigma (Buceros),
422.
leucotis (Colius), 341,
342.
leucotis (Bhabdocolius),
341.
leucurus (Trogon), 471.
leucurus (Trogonurus),
471.
levaillanti (Coracias), 24,
26.
levaillanti (Momotus),
330.
levaillanti (Prionites),
330.
leverianus (Trogon), 459.
Libyan Kingfisher, 239.
lilacina (Callialcyon),
218.
lilacina (Halcyon), 218.
limbatus (Buceros), 405.
limbatus (Grammicus),
^ 405.
limbatus (Lophoceros),
# 405.
limbatus (Tockus), 405.
Limnophalus, 361.
lindsayi (Actenoides),
286.
lindsayi (Alcedo), 286.
lindsayi (Astacophilus),
286.
lindsayi (Dacelo), 286.
lindsayi (Halcyon), 286.
lindsayi (Paralcyon),
286.
Little Green and Orangecoloured
Kingfisher,
138.
Little Indian Kingfisher,
141.
longibaudus (Buceros),
402.
longicaudus (Merops), 67.
Long-tailed Boiler, 21.
Lophoceros, 348, 398.
loquax (Coracias), 16.
lorti (Coracias), 20, 498.
luciani (Trogon), 453.
lucidus (Trogon), 461.
lugubris (Alcedo), 116.
lugubris (Buceros), 423.
lugubris (Ceryle), 115,
116.
lugubris (Megaceryle),
116.
lugubris (Melanopitta), 7.
lunatus (Buceros), 354.
luteus (Merops), 79.
luteus (Phlothrus), 79.
luzoniensis (Ceyx), 174.
mackloti (Apalharpae
tes), 497.
mackloti (Hapalarpac
tes), 497.
mackloti (Harpactes),
497.
mackloti (Trogon), 497.
macleayi (Cyanalcyon),
254.
macleayi (Dacelo), 255.
macleayi (Halcyon), 254,
499.
macleayi (Todirhamphus),
254.
macrorhina (Dacelo),
202.
macrorhina
(Melidora),
201, 499.
2z
ALPHABETICAL LSDEX.
macrorhinus (Dacelo),
201.
maerorhvncha (Melidora),
201.
maerorhynehus (Dacelo),
201.
rnacroura (Trogon), 474.
macrourus (Berenicornis),
425.
macrourus (Oolius), 345.
macrourus (Laniusj, 345.
macrourus (Trogon), 474.
macrourus (Urocolius),
346.
macrura (Tanagra), 339.
macrurus (Colius), 344,
345.
macrurus (Curucujus),
474.
macrurus (Trocfces), 474.
macrurus (Trogon), 444,
474, 475, 501.
Madagascar Boiler, 20.
madagascariensis (Al
cedo), 194.
madagascariensis (Colaris),
29.
madagascariensis (Coracias),
29.
madagascariensis (Cornopio),
29. ^
madagascariensis (Crotnbus),
2.
madagascariensis (Dacelo),
195.
madagascariensis (Eurysfomus),
29.
madagascariensis (Ispi
dina), 194.
major (Dacelo), 219.
major (Halcyon), 218.
malabaricus (Anthraeo
ceros), 362, 365, 367.
malabaricus (Buceros),
362,365.
malabaricus (Harpactes),
485.
malabaricus . (Trogon),
485.
malaccensis (Nyctiomis),
90.
malaccensis (Pelargopsis),
103.
malamaui (Ceyx), 184.
malayana (Hydrocissa),
368.
malayanus (Anorrhinus),
369.
malayanus
(Anthracoceros),
361, 368, 369,
370.
• malayanus (Buceros),
368. ^
malimbica (Alcedo), 247.
malimbica (Dacelo), 247.
malimbica (Haicvon),
246,247.
malimbicus (Halcyon),
247.
malimbicus (ITerops), 86.
Manilla Horn bill, 373.
manilla (Bucero^), 373.
manillse (PenelopidesJ,
371, 372, 373.
manillensis (Buceros),
373.^
inarchii (Anthracoceros),
370.^
marchii (G-ymnolajmus),
370.
margaretbse (Ceyx), 185.
niargarethie (Tanysiptera),
30(1
margaretta (Tanysiptera),
306.
margarita* (Tanysiptera),
30(>, 500.
marti (Crybe!us), 314.
martii (13aryphthengus\
314.
martii (Crypticus), 314.
martii (Moinotu**), 314,
328.
martii (Prionites), 314,
328.
martii (Urospatha», 314.
Martin-pecheur, 143.
Martin-pecheur a eoiffe
noir, 229.
Martin-pecheur a collier
blanc, 273.
Martin-pecheur a collier
blanc des Philippines,
273.
Martin-pecheur a gros
bee, 106.
Martin-pecheur a long
brms,3L0.
Martin-pecheur a tete
grise, 242.
Martin-pecheur a tete
grise de Senegal, 242.
Martin-pecheur a tete
bleue, 166.
Martin-peeheur a tete
et cou couleur de
paille, 98.
Martin-pecheur a tete
verte, 273.
Martin-p&eheur
a tete
verte du Gap de Bonne
Esperanee, 273.
Martin-peelieur a trois
doigis, 174.
Martin-pecheur a ventre
sable, 245.
Martin-pecheur bleu et
noir de Senegal, 232.
Martin-pecheur de Java,
98.
Martin-pecheur de la
Chine, 229.
Martin-pecheur de la
Cote de Malabar,
222.
Martin-pecheur de la
Xouvelle G-uinte, 204.
Martin-pecheur de Hale
de Luf;on, 174, 23 5.
Martin-pecheur de Bondicherry,
174.
Martin-pechear de Senegal,
109, 108.
Martin-pecheur de Ternate,
310.
Martin-pecheur
du Cap
de Bonne Esperanee,
106.
Martin-pecheur hupe de
la Loui-iane, 125.
Martin-pecheur hupe de
Saint Doniingue, 125.
Martin-pecheur hupe tlu
Cap de Hun ne Ks»p«rauce,
109, lis.
Martin-pecheur
hupe du
Mesique, 121.
Martin-pecheur huppe,
Martin-pecheur huppe
du Mexique, 121.
Martin-pecheur, le plus
Grand, 204.
Martin-pe^Leor ou i'AIcy
on, 143.
Martm-pejheur roux,
194.
Martin-pecheur verd et
roux de Cayenne, 137.
Martin-pecheur vert et
blanc, 131.
Martin-pecheur
vert et
blanc de Cayenne,
131.
Martln-peelieur vert et
orange, 138.
Martin-pceheur vert et
roux, 137.
Martin-pecheur
violet de
la cote de Corowandel,
217.
Martin-pecheur violet des
IndeSj 217.
#y
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Martin-pescador celeste,
121.
Martin-pescador celeste,
obscuro, 121.
Martin-pescador garganta
roxa, 129.
Martin-pescador obscuro,
dorado, 129.
Martin-pescador verde
obscuro, 131.
Martin-pesch eur, 141.
Martin-pescheur blanc et
noir, 109.
Martin-pescheur bleu de
Madagascar, 227.
Martin-pescheur de Ben-
gale, 141.
Martin-pescheur de Madagascar,
194.
Martin-pescheur de
Smyrne, 222.
Martin-pescheur du Bresil,
131.
Martin-pescheur du Cap
de Bonne Esperanee,
106.
Martin-pescheur hupe de
la Caroline, 125.
Martin-pescheur hupe de
Saint Domingue, 125.
Martin-pescheur hupe des
Philippines, 163.
Martin-pescheur verd
d'Amerique, 138.
Martin-peseheurs du
Senegal, 232.
massena (Curucujus),
475.
massena (Trogon), 444,
474.
massense (Troctes), 475.
maxima (Alcedo), 118.
maxima (Megaceryle),
118.
maximus (Ichthynomus),
118.
medioeris (Halcyon),
260.
Megaceryle, 107.
melancholicus (Momotus),
330.
melanocephala (Trogon),
462.
melanocephalus (Aganus)
463.
melanocephalus (Trogon),
442, 443, 462.
melanocephalus (Trogonurus),
463.
melanoleucus (Buceros),
399, 402.
melanoleucus (Lophoceros),
398, 399.
melanoleucus (Ehynchoceros),
399.
melanoleucus (Tockus),
399, 406.
melanops (Carcineutes),
200.
melanops (Dacelo), 200.
melanops (Halcyon),
200.
melanops (Lacedo),
200.
melanoptera (Alcedo),
227, 228.
melanoptera (Dacelo),
229.
melanoptera (Entomothera),
228.
melanopterus (Halcyon),
228.
melanopterus (Trogon),
459.
melanorhyncha (Alcedo),
97.
melanorhyncha (Halcyon),
97.
melanorhyncha (Hylcaon),
97.
melanorhyncha (Pelargopsis),
97.
meianorhyncha(Rhamphalcyon),
97.
melanura (Ceyx), 180.
melanura (Dacelo), 181.
melanurus (Curucujus),
472.
melanurus (Merops), 75.
melanurus (Troctes),
472.
melanurus (Trogon),
444, 472, 474, 475,
476.
Melidora, 94, 201.
Melittias, 44.
Melittophagus, 41, 44,
498.
Melittophas, 58.
Melittotheres, 58,
Menieeros, 352.
meninting (Alcedo), 157,
159, 160, 189.
meninting (Ceyx), 158,
188.
meridionalis (Melittophagus),
45.
meridionalis (Trogon),
442,443,456,464,465,
467, 468.
Meropiscus, 42.
Meropogon, 41, 87.
Merops, 41, 58.
meropura (Napophila),
88.
mesurus (Troctes), 472.
mexicanus (Crjbelus),
mexicanus (Momotus),
328.
mexicanus (Prionites),
328.
mexicanus (Todus), 336.
mexicanus (Trogon), 441,
444, 451.
mexicanus (Trogonurus),
444.
meyeri (Halcyon), 282.
meyeri (Tanysiptera),
309.
microrhyncha (Tanysiptera),
308.
mrcrosoma (Ceyx), 175.
microstephanus (Momotus),
322.
microstephanus (Prionites),
322.
migratoria (Hydrocissa),
379.
mindanensis (Buceros),
359.
mindanensis (Ceyx)t 181.
mindanensis (Hydrocorax),
358, 359.
mindorensis (Penelopides),
371, 374.
minima (Dacelo), 290.
minor (Alcedo), 152.
minor (Colius), 339.
minor (Dacelo), 144.
minor (Halcyon), 218,
262.
minor (Tanysiptera),
308.
minullus (Merops), 47.
minulus (Merops), 47.
minufcus (Melittophagus),
45.
minutus (Merops), 47,
48.
mocina costaricensis
(Pharoinacrus), 431.
mocinno (Calurus), 431.
mocinno (Pharomacrus),
430, 431.
mocinno costaricensis
(Pharomacrus), 431.
modestus (Merops), 75.
moluecana (Alcedo), 152.
ruoluceensis (Alcedo),
152.
momota (Momotus),
319, 500.
ALPHABETICAL IXDEX.
momota (Prionites), 319.
momota (Rhainphastos),
319.
moraotula (Hylomanes),
332.
momotula (Momotus),
332.
Mouiotus, 318.
momotus (Prionites),
324.
Monachaleyon, 95, 203.
monachus (Dacelo), 294.
monaehus (Halcyon),
294.
monachus (Monachaleyon),
294, 293.
monoceros (Buceros),
363.
monoceros (H\*drocissa\
363. ^
montani (Anthracoceros),
362, 370.
montani (Buceros), 370.
montani (Limnopbalus),
370.
monteiri (Alophius), 403.
monteiri (Lophoceros),
398, 403.
monteiri (Toccus), 403.
morgani (Trogon), 444,
445.
mosambicus (Coracias),
25, 20.
mosele^i (Actenoides),
288.
moseleyi (Halcyon), 288.
Motmot, Brazilian, 319.
Motmot doinbe, 330.
Motmot du Bresil, 319.
Motmot Oranroux, 330.
Motmot ou Houtonb319.
Mountain Bee-eat<|||75.
muelleri (MelittopjEpis),
muelleri (Meronwftis),
59. '^
muelleri (Meropogon),
60,
muelleri (Merops), 59.
muelleri (Kyctiornis),
60.
multicolor (Halcyon),
228.
multicolor (Todus), 335.
muscatensis (Merops),
82.
mutans (Alcedo), 193.
Myioceyx, 94, 195.
nanda (Ooracias), 21, 24,
25, 26.
nsevius (Coracias), 11, 24,
498.
menus (Galgulus), 11.
nsevius (Grarrulus), 11.
nagtglassi (Buceros),
403.
nagtglassi (Tockus), 403.
nais (Alcedo), 166.
nais (Oorythornis), 167.
nais (Tanysiptera), 310.
Kapophila, 88.
narcondami (B-hyticeros),
386.
narcondami (Ekytidoceros),
382, 386.
narina (Apaloderma),
478.
narina (Couroucou), 477.
narina (Hapaloderma),
477, 478, 479, 480.
narina (Trogon), 477,
479.
nasica (Buceros), 407.
nasutus (Buceros), 406,
408, 409.
nasutus (Grammicus),
407.
nasutus (Lophoceros),
398, 406, 407, 408,
nasutus (Tockus), 407,
408.
nasutus eaffer (Buceros),
40S.
nasutus orientalis (Bucerus),
407.
nasutus senegalensis
(Buceros), 407.
nasutus. Tar. dubia, Buceros
(Lophoceros), 406.
natalensis (Alcedo), 193.
natalensis (Ispidina), 193.
natalensis (ilelittotfeeres),
84.
natalensis (Merops), 84.
nattereri (Momotus), 322.
nattereri (Prionites), 322,
323.
neoxenus (Oalurus), 437.
neoxenus (Oosmurus),
437.
neoxenus (Euptilotis),
437.
neoxenus (Leptuas), 437.
neoxenus (Trogon), 437.
nepalensis (Aceros), 380,
381.
nepalensis (Buceros), 380,
381.
nepalensis (Calao), 381.
nepalensis (Rhyticeros),
niger (Buceros), 354,
383.
nigralbus (Buceros). 360.
nigricans (Alcedo), 155.
nigrieaudata (Trogon;,
472.
nigrieeps (Tanysiptera \
209.
nigricollis (CoIius\ 341.
nigrirostris (Buceroa i.
369.
nigrirostris (Hvdroeissa\
369.
nigriscapalis (Coliu*,,
m 500.
nigrocyanea (Cyanaleyon),
256, 257."
nigrocyanea (Dacelo),
256.
nigrocyanea (Halcyon),
256," 257.
m»rocyaneus (Halcyon),
256.
nipalensis (Bucia), 88.
nipalensis (Napophila),
88.
nipalensis (Baya), 489.
nitida (Alcedo), 193.
nitida(Coin thorni-), ]93.
nitida (Ispidina), l(Jo.
noriolkeusis (Halcyon),
271.
nubicoides (Melittotheres),
84.
nubicoides {Merops). 84.
nubicus (Melittotheres),
85.
nubicus (Merops), 84, 85.
499.
nuchalis (Coracias), 24
26.
nullitorques (Dacelo),
289.
nutans (Alcedo), 191.
Nyctieeyx, 204.
Kyctinomus, 88.
Nyctiornis, 41,88.
nympha (Alcedo), 298.
nympha (Tanysiptera),
298,306.
obiensis (Tanysiptera),
o»o/,
obscurus (Buceros), 383,
386.
obscurus (Bhytieerosl
383.
obscurus (Bhytidoeeros),
383.
occidentalis (Dacelo),
207.
occipitalis (Halcyon),
265.
occipitalis (Todirhamphus),
265.
Ocyceros, 349, 394. ^
olivaceiceps (Coracias),
25.
omnicolor (Alcedo), 228.
omnicolor (Daeelo), 228.
omnicolor (Halcyon), 228.
oreobates (Melittophagus),
498.
Oreseius, 480.
orescius (Harpaetes),494,
496.
Oreskios, 480.
oreskios (Harpactes), 481,
494.
oreskios (Trogon), 494.
Oriental Boiler, 33.
orientalis (Colarib), 33.
orientalis (Coracias), 29,
33.
orientalis (Eurystoraus),
30, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40.
orientalis (Halcyon), 238.
orientalis (Pagurothera),
238.
omatus (Oosmaerops), 75.
ornatus (Melittophagus),
75,499.
ornatus (Merops), 60,74,
499.
ornatus (Philemon), 75.
ornatus (Urica), 75.
orrhophseus (Harpaetes),
481, 493.
orrhoph£eus(Pyrotrogon),
493.
Ortholophus, 349, 424.
oxyurus (Buceros), 394.
pacifica (Coracias), 36.
Pacific Roller, 36.
pacificus (Oolaris), 36.
pacificus (Eurotomus),
33, 36.
pacificus (Gralgulus), 36.
Pagurothera, 213.
paleazureus(Alcemerops),
88.
pallasi (Alceclo), 144.
pallida (Alcedo), 144.
pallidirostris (Buceros),
406.
pallidirostris (Lophoeeros),
398, 406.
pallidirostris (Tockus),
406.
pallidiventris (Halcyon),
235.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Panayan Coly, 339.
Panayan Hornbill, 372.
panayensis (Buceros),
372, 373.
panayensis (Colius), 339.
panayensis (Penelopides),
372.
panini (Buceros), 372,
373.
panini (Penelopides),
371, 372, 373.
papuensis (Oalao), 387.
papuensis (Coracias), 26.
paradiseus (Calurus),
431.
paradiseus (Pharomacrus),
431.
paradiseus (Trogon),
431.
Paralcyon, 204.
parvirostris (Prionites),
321.
Patirich, 70.
pavoninus (Calurus), 436.
pavoninus (Pharomacrus),
430, 431, 436.
pavoninus (Tan>peplus),
436.
pavoninus (Trogon), 431,
436.
pavonius (Trogon), 431.
pealei (Halcyon), 266.
pealii (Halcyon), 266.
Pelargopsis, 94, 96.
Penelopides, 348, 371.
persicus (Merops), 66.
personata (Trogon), 446.
personatus (Trogon),
441, 446, 449, 450.
personatus (Trogonurus),
446.
personatus heliothrix
(Trogon), 446. ^
personatus propinquus
(Trogon), 446.
peruvianus (Trogon),
433.
Petit Grumpier du Senegal,
47.
Petit Gu&pier vert et
bleu a queue &tag£e,
45.
Petit G-uespier des Philippines,
60.
Petit Martin-p&cheur
aigue-marin, 161.
Petit Martin-p&cbeur
hupe" de l'isle de Linton,
163.
Petit Martin-pecheur
vert de Cayenne, 138.
Petit Rolle violet, 30.
Petit Eolle violet a
gorge bleue, 32.
Pharomachrus, 430.
Pharomaerus, 429, 430.
philippensis (Merops),
72.
Philippine Bee-eater, 72.
Philippine Hornbill,
355, 358.
philippinensis (Ceyx),
186, 187.
philippinus (Blepharomerops),
72.
philippinus (Merops),
71.
Phlothrus, 58.
Pholiclophalus, 4] 6.
pica (Buceros), 362, 366.
pica (Hydrocissa),
362.
picta (Alcedo), 191, 193.
picta (Ibpiclina), 191,
193.
picturata (Alcedo), 193.
pictus (Todus), 191.
Pied Hornbill, 362, 305.
pileata (Alcedo), 229.
pileata (Coracias), 26.
pileata (Daeelo), 230.
pileata (Entomobia), 230.
pileata (Entomothera),
230.
pileata (Halcyon), 230.
pileatus (Eurystoinus),
26.
pileatus (Halcyon), 229.
pilosa (Coracias), 24,
25.
pilosus (G-algulus), 24.
pittoides (Atelornis), 7.
pittoides (Brachypteracias),
7.
pittoides (Corapitta), 7.
planiceps (Coracias), 16.
planicornis (Buceros),
358.
planicornis (Hydrocorax),
358.
platense (Ceyx), 181.
Platyeeros, 357.
platyrhynchus (Buceros),
358.
platyrhynchus (Crypticus),
315.
platyrhynchus (Momotus),
315.
platyrhynchus (Prionorhynchus),
315.
platyrostra (Halcyon),
290.
platyrostris (Halcyon),
290.
platyrostris (Todirhamphus),
290.
piicatus (Aceros), 383.
plicatus (Buceros), 382,
383, 386.
piicatus (Galao), 383.
piicatus (Bhyticeros),
383, 386.
piicatus (Bhytidoceros),
382, 386,500.
piicatus, Tar. ruficollis
(Bhytidoceros), 386.
piicatus, Tar. stibruficollis,
Bucero3 (Ehytidoceros),
385.
Plus Grand Maninpecheur,
204.
pcecilorhynchus (Buceros),
407.
poeeil orhynchus'(Tocfcus),
407, 408.
poensis (Buceros), 390.
Pogonoinerops, 87.
porfeoricensis (Todus),
335.
Pothinus, 440.
princeps (Alcyon), 101.
princeps (Dacelo), 294,
295.
princeps (Halcyon), 294.
princeps (Monachalcyon),
294, 295.
Prionirhynchus, 313,
315.
Prionites, 318.
Prionotelus, 430, 439.
Priotelus, 439.
propinquus (Trogon),
446.
psalurus (Prionites), 324.
Ptilolsemus, 349, 392.
pucoran (Buceros), 383.
puella (Alcedo), 230.
puella (Trogon), 441,
452, 455.
puella (Trogonurus),
453.
pulchella (Dacelo), 198.
pulehella (Halcyon),
, 198.
pulchella (Laeedo), 198.
pulchellus (Oalurus),
433.
pulchellus (Oarcineutes),
pulchellus (Pharoniacrus),
433.
pulchellus (Trogon),
433.
ALPHABETICAL LN'DEX.
pulcherrimus (Todus),
336.
pulchra (Alcyone), 169,
170\
pulchrirostris (Buceros),
404.
pulchrirostris (Tocktis),
404.
purpurascens (Colaris),
30.
purpurascens (Eurystomils),
30.
purpuratus (Trogon),
469.
purpuratus (Trogonurus),
469.
purpurea (Alcedo), 174,
191.
purpurea (Ceyx), 175.
pusaran (Buceros), 383.
pusaran (Bhyticeros),
383, 385.
pusilla (Alcedo), 171,191.
pusilla (Alcyone), 171.
pusilla (Ceyx), 171.
pusilla (Merops), 47.
pusillus (Melittopha
gus), 45, 47, 48.
pusillus (Merops), 45,47,
48.
pygracea (Chelicutia),
239.
pygrnaa (Dacelo), 239.
pygmsea (Halcyon), 239.
Pyrotrogon, 480.
pyrrhops (Bueoryus),
350.
pyrrhopygia (Cyanalcyon),
259.
pyrrhopygia (Dacelo),
259.
pyrrhopygia (Sauropatis),
259.
pyrrhopygius (Halcyon),
258,500.
pyrrhopygius (Todirhamphus),
258.
pyrrhopygus (Buceros),
397.
quadribraehys (Alcedo),
153, 156, 157.
quadricolor (Cyanal
cyon), 258.
quadricolor (Halcyon),
258.
Quezal, 431.
quinticolor (Melittophagus),
56.
quinticolor (Merops),
55.
quinticolor (Urica), 56.
quiriya (Colius), 344.
Badiated Coly, 339.
ramoniana (Trogon), 46S.
ramonianus (Aganus's,
468.
ramonianus
(Trogon \
442, 443, 464, 465,
468.
recuryirostris (Coporhamphus),
21IO.
recuryirostris (Halcyon),
290.
recuryirostris (Todirhamphus),
290.
Eed Billed Hornbill,
409.
Bed-headed Bee-eater,
55.
Eed-throated Bee-eater,
50.
reichenbachii (Dacelo),
261.
reichenbachii (Halcyon),
261.
reichenbachii (Todirhamphus\
261.
reinwardti (Apalharpactes),
496.
rein ward ti( Apaloderma),
496.
reinwardti (Hapalarpactes),
496.
reinwardti (HarpaetesV
496, 497.
reinwardti (Trogon).
496.
Eespected Kingfisher,
291.
resplendens (Calurus),
431.
resplendens (Trogon),
431.
revoilii (Melittophaffus),
54,499.
revoilii (Merops), 54,499.
rex (Clytocevx), 203,
Bhabdoeolms, 338.
Bhainphaleyon, 96,
rhinoceroides (Buceros),
353.
rhinoceros (Buceros),
353, 354.
Bhinoeeros Hornbill,
352.
Bhinoplax, 349, 426.
rhodiosternus (Harpactes),
487.
rhodogaster (Temnotrogon),
438,
ALPHABETICAL I2TOEX.
rhodogaster (Tmetotrogon),
438.
rhodogaster (Trogon),
438.
Bhynehoceros, 398.
Bhyticeros, 382.
Bhytidoceros, 348, 382.
richardsi (Alcyone),
172.
riedeli (Dacelo), 311.
riedeli (Tanysiptera),311,
rienwardti (Trogon),
496.
rochechouardi (Merops),
63.
Bolle a gorge bleue, 33.
Bolle de Madagascar, 29.
Boiler, 15.
Boiler, Abyssinian, 19.
Boiler, African, 30.
Boiler, G-arrulous, 16.
Boiler, Hairy, 24.
Boiler, Indian, 11.
Boiler, Long-tailed, 21.
Boiler, Madagascar, 29.
Boiler, Oriental, 33.
Boiler, Pacific, 36.
Boiler, Senegal, 19.
Boiler, Swallow-tailed
Indian, 19.
Bollier, 15.
Bollier a longs brms
d'Afrique, 19.
Bollier a ventre bleu,
27.
Bollier d'Abjssinie, 19.
Bollier d'Angola, 21.
Bollier de Madagascar,
29.
Bollier de Mindanao, 10.
Bollier d'Europe, 16.
Bollier d'TJrville, 26.
Bollier des Indes, 33.
Bollier du Senegal, 19.
Bollier Temminck, 26.
Bollier varie d'Afrique,
11, 24.
Bollier varie des Moluqu.
es, 13.
Bollier vulgaire, 16.
rosalba (Trogon), 448.
roseigaster (Temnotrogon),
438.
roseigaster (Temnurus),
438.
roseigaster (Tmetotrogon),
438.
roseigaster (Trogon),
438.
rosenbergii (Dacelo),
308,
rosenbergii(Tanysiptera),
308.
rosseliana (Tanysiptera),
309.
rostratus (Buceros),
428.
rubescens (Alcedo), 129.
rubescens (Eurystornus),
30.
rubiensis (Tanysiptera),
307.
rubra (Alcedo), 174.
rubra (Ceyx), 180.
rubra (Dacelo), 175.
rubricapillus (Prionites),
330.
rudis (Alcedo), 109, 112.
rudis (Alcyon), 112.
rudis (Oeryle), 109, 112.
rudis (Ispida), 112.
rufa (Callialcyon), 219.
rufa (Halcyon), 219.
ruficapillus (Baryphonus),
330.
ruficapillus (Barypbthengus),
330.
ruficapillus (Merops),
70.
ruficapillus (Momotus),
m
ruficapillus (Prionites),
330.
ruficeps (Alcedo), 195,
260.
ruficeps (Dacelo), 260.
ruficeps (Halcyon), 260.
ruficeps (Ispidina), 195.
ruficeps (Myioceyx),
195.
ruficollis (Buceros\ 387.
ruficollis (Oalao), 387.
ruficollis (Halcyon),
227.
ruficollis (Merops), 67.
ruficollis (Bhyticeros),
387.
ruficollis (Bhytidoceros),
387.
rufidorsa (Ceyx), 178,
179, 180.
rufidorsa (Dacelo), 179,
180.
rufigastra (Alcedo), 160.
rufirostris (Alcedo). 227.
rufirostris (Buceros),
410.
rufi venter (Halcyon),
232.
rufiventris (Cancrophaga),
233.
rufiventris (Dacelo), 235.
rufiventris (Halcyon),
235.
Bufous and Green Kingfisher,
137.
Bufous Kingfisher, 194.
rufulus (Dacelo), 194.
rufus (Trogon), 456.
rugosus (Buceros), 379.
rutilus (Duvaucelius),
493.
rutilus (Harpactes),
491, 493.
rutilus (Pyrotrogon), 492.
rutilus (Trogon), 493.
sabrina (Dacelo), 301,
302, 303.
sabrina (Tanysiptera),
303.
sacer (Coporbamphus),
291.
sacer (Halcyon), 262.
sacer (Todirhamphus),
202.
sacerdotis (Ceyx), 184.
sacra (Alcedo), 262, 267,
271, 273.
sacra (Dacelo), 291.
sacra (Halcyon), 263,
266, 267, 268, 272,
274, 289, 296.
sacra (Todirhamphus),
291.
Sacred Kingfisher, 262.
Sacred King's Fisher, 267.
salamonis (Halcyon),
280.
sallsei (Pothinus), 454.
sallsei (Trogon), 454.
salusii (Dacelo), 207.
salvadoriana (Tanysiptera),
301.
samarensis (Ceyx), 181.
samarensis (Penelopides),
371, 372, 376.
sancta (Dacelo), 268,
271.
sancta (Halcyon), 255.
sancta (Sauropatis), 268.
sanctus (Halcyon), 216,
267, 271,500.
sanctus (Todirhamphus),
268.
sanghirensis (Cittura),
293.
sanghirensis (Dacelo),
293.
saturatior (Halcyon),
Sauromarptis, 95, 209.
Sauropatis, 213.
saurophaga (Halcyon),
249,251.
saurophaga (Sauropatis),
250.
saurophaga (Todirhamphus),
249.
saurophagus (Halevon),
249.
savignii (Blepharomerops),
68, 72.
savignii (Merops\ 67,77.
scalaris (Trogon), 456.
schlegeli (Callialeyon),
218.
schlegeli (Halcyon), 218.
sehlegelii (Tanysiptera),
311.
scutata (Buceros), 427.
scutatus (Buceros), 427.
scutatus (Rhinoplax),
427.
semicasrulea (Alcedo),
232.
semicserulea (Canerophaga),
233.
semicserulea (Dacelo),
233, 235.
setnicserulea (Halcyon),
232, 235.
semicasruleus (Halcyon),
232,499.
semifasciatus (Buceros),
401, 402.
semifasciatus (Lophoceros),
398, 401, 500.
semifasciatus (Tockus),
401.
semigaleatus (Buceros),
358, 360.
semigaleatus (Hydrocorax),
360.
semirufus (Baryphonus),
314.
semirufus (Moinotus)
314.
semitorquata (Alcedo),
153.
Senegal Ooly, 345.
S3negal Roller, 19.
senegalensis (Alcedo),
232, 234, 242.
senegalensis (Cancrophaga),
243.
senegalensis (Colius),
344, 345.
senegalensis (Coracias),
19.
senegalensis (Dacelo),
243.
senegalensis
(Halcyon),
242, 243, 245.
ALPHABETICAL IXDEX.
senegaloides (Cancrophaga),
242.
senegaloides (Halcyon),
242.
septentrionalis (Ceryle),
134.
sharpii (Buceros), 422.
sharpii (Bycanistes), 417,
422.
sharpii (Cervle), 118,
120.
sharpii (Ceyx), 178.
sharpii (Pholidophaius),
423.
silens (Temnurus), 439.
silvestris (Buceros), 354.
sindiana (Alcedo), 144.
Smirna Kingfisher, 222.
smithii (Merops), 53.
Smyrna Kingfisher, 222.
smyrnensis (Alcedo), 222,
227.
smyrnensis (Aleyon),
223.
smyrnensis (Dacelo), 222.
smyrnensis (Entomobia),
223.
smyrnensis (Entomothera),
223.
smyrnensis (Halcyon),
222 226 227.
soli tana (Alcedo), 189.
solitaria (Alcyone), 189.
sohtaria (Ceyx), 184,
188, 189.
solitaria (Therosa), 189.
solomoncnsis (Eurysto
mus), 40.
solomonis (Halcvon),
280.
solomonis (Sauropatis),
280.
sondiaca (Alcedo), 144.
sonninii (Melittophagus),
48.
sonninii (Merops), 49.
sonninii (Spheeophobus),
49.
sordida (Halcyon), 279.
sordida (Sauropatis),
279.
sordidus (Halcyon), 278.
sordidus (Todirhamphus),
279.
Spathophorus, 317.
spatulata (Ooracias), 22.
spatulatus (Ooracias), 22.
Sphagolobus, 388.
Spheeonax, 44.
Sphecophobus, 44.
Spotted Kingfisher, 137.
squamigera (Atelornis), 8.
squamigera (Brachypteraeias),
6.
squamigera (G-eobiastes),
6.
steerii (Cevx). 187.
stellata (Alcedo), 123.
stellata (Ceryle), 123,499.
stellata (Chloroceryle),
124.
stellata (Megacervle),
123.
stellata (Streptoeervie),
124.
stictipennis (Ceryle),
124.
stictohsma (Cyanal^
cyon), 257.
stictolsema (Halcyon),
257.
stictolsemus (Halcyon),
257.
stictoptera (Ceryle), 139,
140.
Streptoceryle, 107.
striatus (Oolius), 339,
342.
striatus (Rhabdocolius),
339.
strigulatus (Trogon),
458, 472.
striolata (Alcedo), 239.
striolata (Cheiicutia),
239.
striolata (Dacelo), 23t>,
239.
striolata (Halcvon),
239.
suben liadricus (Bucerus),
419.
subcvlmdricus (Bycan&
tes), 417, 419.
subhuta (Momotusj,
327.
subispida (Alcedo), 144.
sublunatus (Buceros),
353.
subquadratus (Buceros),
419.
subquadratus (Bycanistes),
417, 419.
subrui'escens (Momotus),
321.
subrufescens (Prionites),
321.
subruficollis (Aceros),
385.
subruficoEis (Buceros),
384.
subruficollis (Bhvticeros)
384.
subruficollis (Rhytido
ceros), 382, 384, 385.
subulatus (Todus), 334.
sulcatus (Buceros), 378.
sulcatus (Calao), 378.
sulcatus (Cranorrlrinus),
378.
sulcatus (Penelopides),
378.
sulcatus (Tockus), 378.
suleirostris (Buceros),
372, 373.
suleirostris (Penelopides),
372.
suleirostris (Tockus),
372.
sulphureus (PotMrms),
467.
sulpbureus (Trogon),
456, 467, 496.
suiuensis (Ceyx), 184.
sumatranus (Buceros),
353.
sumatranus (Merops),
61.
superbus (Merops), 85.
superciliaris (Cryptieus),
317.
superdKaris(Eumoniota),
317.
superciliaris (Momotus),
317._
superciliaris (Prionites),
317. m
superciliaris (Spathophorus),
317.
superciliosa (Alcedo),
138.
superciliosa (Amazonis),
139.
superciliosa (Oeryle),
138, 139,140.
superciliosa (Chloroceryle),
139.
superciliosa (Halcyon),
262.
superciliosa (Sauropatis),
263.
superciliosus (Blepharomerops),
70.
superciliosus (Orypticus),
S17.#
superciliosus (Merops),
67, 70.
Supercilious Kingfisher,
138.
Surucua, 471.
surucua (Ourucujus),
471.
surucua (Hapalophorus),
471.
VOL. XYLT.
ALPHABETICAL IKDEX.
surucua (Trogon), 471.
surucura (Trogon), 443,
471, 472.
suvensis (Halcyon), 281.
swainsoni (Momotus),
321, 326.
swainsoni (Prionites),
326.
swainsonii (Halcyon),
232.
Swallow-tailed Indian
Roller, 19.
swinhoii (Melittophagus),
55.
swinhoii (Merops), 56.
sylvia (Dacelo), 300.
sylvia (Tanysiptera), 300,
301.
sylvia (Uralcyon), 300.
Syma, 94, 196.
syma (Dacelo), 197.
Tachymerops, 41.
taiva (Merops), 43.
tannensis (Halcyon),
266.
Tanypeplus, 430.
Tanysiptera, 95, 296.
tawwa (Melittophagus),
43.
temmincki (Coracias),
26, 27.
temmincH (G-algulus),
temmincMi (Harpactes),
484.
temmincMi (Trogon),
484.
Temnotrogon, 437.
Temnurus, 439.
temnurus (Prionoteles),
439.
temnurus (Prionotelus),
439.
temnurus (Priotelus),
439.
temnurus (Trogon), 439.
tenellus (Pothinus), 456.
tenellus (Trogon), 455,
456, 458.
tenuipennis (Merops),
75.
Tephraerops, 58.
Therosa, 173.
thouinii (Merops), 75.
Three-toed Kingfisher,
168.
tickelli (Anorrhinus),
392 393.
tickelli (Buceros), 392.
tickelli (Ocyceros), 392.
tickelli (Ptilolsemus),
392 393.
tickelli (Tockus), 392.
tickelli^ (Meniceros),
392.
tickellise (Ocyceros), 392.
Tmetoceros, 349, 388.
Tmetotrogon, 430, 437.
Tock, Le, 406, 409.
Tockus, 398.
Todier bleu a ventre
orange*, 191.
Todier de Juida, 191.
Todier de S. Dommgue,
334.
Todirhamphus, 95, 288.
Todus, 333.
Tody, Blue, 191.
torotoro (Dacelo), 197.
torotoro (Halycon), 197,
198.
torotoro (Syma), 196,
198.
torotoro (Todirhamphus),
197.
torquata (Alcedo), 121,
123.
torquata (Oeryle), 121,
123, 126.
torquata (Chloroceryle),
121.
torquata (Halcyon), 246.
torquata (Megaceryle),
121.
torquata (Streptoeeryle),
torquatus (Halcyon), 246.
torquatus (Merops), 79.
Tragopan, 349.
tribrachys (Alcedo), 168.
tribrachys (Ceyx), 168.
tridactyla (Alcedo), 174.
tridactyla (Ceyx), 174,
177.
tristrami (Halcyon), 267.
tristrami (Sauropatis),
267.
Troctes, 440.
Trogon, 430, 440.
Trcgones, 429.
Trogonidse, 429.
Trogonurus, 440.
tschelicutensis (Dacelo),
240.
tuta (Alcedo), 291.
tuta (Halcyon), 289.
tuta (Todirhamphus),
262, 266.
Tutu, 330.
tutu (Prionites), 330.
tutuihe (Halcyon), 266.
2M
tutus (Todirhamphus),
291.
typieus (Colius), 339.
typieus (Merops), 72.
tyro (Dacelo), 212.
tyro (Sauroraarptis), 212.
ultramarina (Aleedo),
191. .
undulata (Aleedo), 204.
undulatus (Buceros),
382.
undulatus (Bhytieeros),
382.
undulatus(Bhytidoceros),
382.
ITralcyon, 296.
urica (Merops), 55.
Uroeolius, 338,
uropygialis (Oeyx), 183.
Urospatha, 313, 314.
yagans (Aleedo), 268,271.
vagans (Dacelo), 271.
Yagaits (Halcyon), 271.
yagans (Todirhamphus),
271.
vaillanti (Dacelo), 236.
vaillanti (Halcyon), 236.
vaillanti (Merops), 70.
yaria (Ceryle), 112.
varia (Halcyon), 285.
varied (Actinoide), 284.
variegata (Actenoides),
284.
variegata (Aleedo), 239.
yariegata (Halcyon),
variegata (Pagurothera),
239.
Variegated Bee-eater, 74.
yariegatus (Hapalophorus),
469.
yariegatus (Melittophagus),
48, 49.
yariegatus (Merops), 45,
48, 49, 50.
yariegatus (Sphecophobus),
50.
variegatus (Trogon), 443,
468, 470, 471.
yariegatus (Trogonurus),
469.
yarius (Todirhamphus),
285.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
yenerata (Aleedo), 288.
yenerata (Halcyon),
289.
Tenerated Kingfisher,
288.
yeneratus (Coporharaphus),
289.
yeneratus (Todirhamphus),
288, 2S9".
yenustus (Aganus), 459.
verreauxi (Aleedo), 158.
vestita (Aleedo), 129.
vidali (Halcyon), 278.
yidua (Harpactes), 501.
yigil (Buceros), 427.
vigil (Bhinoplax), 427.
Vintsi, 163.
yintsioides (Aleedo),
163.
yintsioides (Corythorais),
163.
violaceus (Aganus), 467.
violaceus (Anorrhinus),
363.
yiolaceus (Buceros), 362,
364.
yiolaceus (Colaris), 29.
yiolaceus (Burystomus),
29.
yiolaceus (Hydrocissa),
363.
yiolaceus (Trogon), 459,
467.
virginalis (Trogon),
448.
viridirufa (Aleedo),
137.
yiridirufa (Ceryle), 137.
yiridirufa (Chloroceryle),
137.
yiridis (Aganus), 459.
yiridis (Aleedo), 131.
yiridis (Colaris), 30.
yiridis (Burystomus),
30.
yiridis (Leptosomus), %
yiridis (Merops), 78.
viridis (Phlothrus), 79.
yiridis (Todus), 334,
336.
yiridis (Trogon), 442,
443, 458, 459, 460,
461.
viridissimus (Merops),
79.
viri&issimus (Phlothrus),
79.
yitiensis (Dacelo\ 282.
yitiensis (Halcyon),
262.
yitiensis (Todirhamphus),
262, 272.
yittatum (Hapaloderma),
477,480.
viyi (Buceros), 423.
Youron-Driou, 1.
Vourong-Driou, 2.
vourong-driou (Lepto
somus), 2.
waigiouensis (Burystomus},
39.
waldeni (Craniorrhinus),
380.
waldeni (Oranorrhinus),
377, 380.
waldeni (Tanysiptera),
305.
wallacii (Oeyx), 182.
waHacii (Baeeio), 182.
weigalli I Ooracias), 23.
White and Green Kingfisher,
131.
White-backed Colv,
343.
White-headed Kingfisher,
98.
whitehead! (Harpactes),
481, 488, 501.
winchelH (Halcyon), 255.
salapensis (Trogon), 453*
xalapensis (Trogonurus),
453.
xanthogaster
(Pharomacrus),
435.
Yellow-bellied (xreen
Cuckoo, 456.
Yellow-headed Bee-eater,
64.
Yellow-throated Bee-
eater, 64.
youngi (Todirhamphus),
289.
yucatanensis (Momotus),
317.
yucatanensis (Prioaites),
317.
END OP THE SEVENTEENTH VOLUME.
LIST OE PLATES.
Plate
Dicrocercus blnmdineus (fig. 1), p. 43
• furcatus (fig. 2), p. 42
Melittophagus cyanostietus (fig. 3), p. 48 * * * r •*•*
meridionalis (fig. 4), p. 45
> pusillus (fig. 5), p. 47.
Eurystomus orientalis (fig. 1), p. 33
II.
ealonyx (fig. 2), p. 38
solomonensis (fig. 1), p. 40
in.
azureus (fig. 2), p. 40
Alcedo quadribracliys (fig^ 1), p. 157 ,
IY.
gaeiitheri (tig. 2), p. 156 .
Oeryle sequatorialis (fig. 1), p. 140
V.
• stictoptera (fig. 2), p. 139
Halcyon torquatus (fig. 1), p. 246 ^
forbesii (fig. 2), p. 247 I VI.
malimbicus (Qg. 3), p. 247 J
armstrongi (fig. 1), p. 277 ^
solomcmis (fig. 2), p. 280 I VII.
. chloris (fig. 3), p. 273 J
humii, p. 281 YIII.
Momotus bartletti, p. 320 IX.
siibrnfescens (fig. 1), p. 321 1 y
mlcrostephamis (fig. 2), p. 322 J
asquatorialis, p. 323 XI.
Colius lencotis (fig. 1), p. 341 ... \ -«-Tj
affinis (^g. 2), p. 342. J
Lopboceros jacksoni, p. 416 XIII.
damarensis, p. 411 , XIV.
Trogon bolivianus, p. 470 XV.
Hapaloderma vittatum, p. 480 XVI.
Harpactes dulltensis, p. 502 XVII.
PEIKTED BY TATLOE AK2) PEAKCIS
EED LION COUET, FLEET STEEET.
Birds B.M. Vol.MI. PI. I.
'
J. S-Ks-ulemans del et litk. MirtterrL Bros. Chromo lith_.
IDicrocercus hiriiiiolzripszs. 2. Dvcrocet^azs fiircatcis.
3. MehtopJuigus cycmvstiAytixs. 4. Mehtophagus nieridixyiixdis. 5 .Meliiopivajgus pusUlzu?.
Birds B.M. Vol.Mll. Ph. II.
\. G.Keulema-ns del.et litk. . MinterrLBros. Chromo
1. Evurystomxis orientaJbLs. Z. Ezuystmnus ccdonycc,
Bird* RM.Vol.lW. pi.m.
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MinterrL Bros . Ctrromo lith.
1. Eiirystcwms so Zom&izens is.
. Eiuystxrrvuas-cuzuurexzG.
Birds B.M. Vol IW. PI. IV
J. G-.Keulemans del. et lith Mi intern. Br os . Z far c mr>
l.,ALs&clo cjuxidx^ihr'axhys. c.Alo&oLo cjvuentheri.
Birds B.M.Vol.AW, PI . I
. Keuiemaxus del. et fith.
Mintem Bros. Chromo lit]
1. Ceryle eequatortalit Cejyle stictopterw.
Birds B.MVel.XM. PI. VI.
•
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Mini em. Bros , Cirromo lith..
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J, Halcyon nioclirnhiazs
Birds BM.Vol.IM. Pl.W.
J. G-.KeuIema-Tis del.et iittu. MinterrxBros. Chromo liih..
LHal&jon cuvjwtr'ongi . Z. Halcyons so IjorrwiWyJusis.
J.HctLcyon chlcris.
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Birds RMVolXVU.
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1. Mcrrwtas swb?*ufk#cen&.. * Z. MomMaa rrda^astepkeatas.
Birds BM.VoUJVlI. VI. JI
^m
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J» &.Keulemaris del et Ilifch.. lintern Bros . Ctrromo litK.
Morrwtaxs ae^qxzatoriaJzs.
Bird* BM. VolJM. Pl.M.
J. Smit del.et litlx MirxterrLBros . Chroxao litK.
l.CoHcus leAjjcotis • 2. COIUMS cd^baius
Birds B.M. VolJZVII.
PI. Jin.
J. G-.Keuiem.axLS del. et iitli.
Mintem. Bros . C tiro mo IxtK.
Lophoo&ros J ache 071£
Bw-ds PJ.M. Vol.IW. Pl.MV.
Min±,er3xBros. Ghramo Hth.
Lopjiooej'os d/WLcureri&is.
Bvrds B.M.YolJMI. Ft. IV.
J. & JisirLemarcs del. et Edit. MirLtemBros. CbromQ, littt.
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Hcurf) cOdb&s dx i liferb&us.
LIST OF THE CURRENT
NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS
OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
The following publications can be purchased through the Agency of
Messrs. LONGMANS & Co., 39, Paternoster Row ; Mr. QUATUTCH,
15, Piccadilly ; Messrs. KEGAV PAUL, TBENCH, TUUDNKE & Co.,
Paternoster House, Charing Cross Road; and Messrs. DULAU &
Co., 37, Soho Square; or at the NATUBAL HibTOiir MUSEUM,
Cromwell Road, London? S.FF*
Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammals, Birds, Reptiles,
and Fishes of Nepal and Tibet. Presented by B. II. Hodgson,
Esq., to the British Museum. 2nd edition. Pp. xiL, 90.
[With an account of the Collection by Mr. Hodgson.] Bv
John Edward Gray. 1568, 12mo. 2s. M
Report on the Zoological Oolleetiona made in the In do-Pacific Ocean
during the voyage of ELM.S. "Alert/* 188V& Pp. m , 6S4.
54 Plates. 1884, 8 m
Summary of fee Voyage - By Br. R. W* Coppiager.
Mammalia --„ O. Thomas*
Aves ---„ Br. B. Sh&rpe.
lleptilia, Batrachia, Pisces -„ A. Giinther.
Mollusca -- „ E. A. Smith.
Echinodermata --„ P. J. Bell.
Crustacea --- ,, I J, Miers.
Coleoptera ---„ 0.0 . Waterhouse.
Lepidoptera --„ A. Gr. Butler.
Alcyonaria and Spongiida -„ S. O. Bidley.
1/, 10*.
MAMMALS.
Catalogue of the Bones of Mammalia in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Edward GcrrsnL Pp. iv*, 206. 1862, Svo. 5s.
Catalogue of Monkeys Lemur*, and Fruit-eating Bats in the Collection
of the British Mtmeimx By Br. J. K. Gray, F.K.S., &c.
Pp. viii,, 137. 21 Wooden (a. 1870, 8vo. 4*.
Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous, and Edentate Mammalia
in the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, FJiS., &c.
Pp. vil, 308. 47 Woodcuts, 1869, Svo. (k &/.
U 67flCa* W>. 714-1. A
% LlbT OF PUBLICATIONS OV THE
Hand-List of Seals. Morses, Sea-Lions, and Sea-Bears In the British
Museum. Bv Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. 43. Oi Plate,
of Skulls. 1874, Svo. 12*. 6d.
Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. Bv John
Edward Grav, F.R.R., etc. 2nd edition. Pp. vih, 402. 101 Woodcuts.
1866/8vo. 8.?/
Supplement by John Edward Gray, F.R.S.. &c. Pp. \i.. 103.
11 Woodcuts. 1871, Svo. 2s. 6d.
List of ihe Specimens of Cefac^a in the Zonhiglcal D<\ .a'tiia-nt of
the British Museum. By VI illiani Henry Flower. LL.D., F.iJ.S..
&c. [With a Svslemafie and Alphabetical Index.] Pp. iv.. VS.
1885, 8vo. 1*. tv/.
Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia {Pecora^ Lin IKE its) in the BritWi
Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. viiiM 102.
4 Places. 1872, Svo. 3.9. 6d.
IJand-List of the Edentate, Thick-skinned, and Ruminant Mammals
in the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Grav, F.R.S., &<!. Pp. vii.,
176. 42 Plates of Skulls, &c. 1873, 8vo* 12*.
Catalogue of the Morsupialia and Monotremata in the (\AU i-iVi of
the British Mu>eiun. By Oldllek! Thomas Pp. xliu lul. 1
coloured and 24 plain Pistes. [With Systematic ai.d AipLabHieal
Indexes.] 188H. Svo. 1/. Ss.
BIRDS.
Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum :—
Vol. III. Catalogue of the Pas^erifonnes, or lYn'hiiitf D'mU,
in the Collection of the Brith-h Museum. Coliumurph<€,
containing the families Corvichv, Paradiseida, Oriolida.',
Bicruridiv, and Prionopida?. By 1%. Bowdk-r Sharpe.
Pp. xiii., 313. Woodcuts and 14 coloured Plate-. [Sy>tenuitis
and Alphabetical Index.] 1877, Svo. 17*.
Vol. IV. Catalogue of the Pass^ri formes, or IVivLIhg Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. CiehioHiorpha •
Part I., containing the families Campophagida* and Mm—
cicapidaj. By R. Dowdier Sharpe. Pp. \\i., Ifll, Woodcuts
and 14 coloured Plates. [With a Systematic and
Alphabetical Index.] 1879, 8vo. II.
Vol V. Catalogue1 of the Passedform eg, or Peivhing Birds,
in the Collection of the British Muslim. Cwhfamurplur:
Part II., containing the family Turdida.* (Warblers and
Thrushes). By Henry Seebohm. Pp. xvi, 42(>. Woodcuts
and 18 coloured Plates. [With a Systematic raid
Alphabetical Index.] 1881, Svo. 1/.
BIUTXSH alUtfEUM: (NATURAL HISTORY). 3
Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum—continued.
Vol. VI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphai:
Part III., containing the first portion of the family Tiineliidae
(Babbling 1 brushes). By li. Bowdler Sharpe.
Pp. xiii., 420. Woodcuts and 18*coloured Plates. [With
a Systematic and -Alphabetical Index.] 1881, 8vo. 1/.
Vol. V1L Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphea:
Part IV., containing the concluding portion of
the* family Timeliidas (Babbling Thrushes). By 11.
Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 098. Woodcuts and 15 coloured
Plates. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.]
1883, Svo. 1/. 6s.
Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphce:
Part V., containing the families Paridaj and
Laniida^ (Titmice and Shrikes) ; and Certhiomorpluc
{Creepers and Nuthatches). By Hans Gadow, M.A.,
Ph.D. Pp. xiii., 3SG. Woodcuts and 9 coloured Plates.
[With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1883,
Svo. 17s.
Vol. IX. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Cinm/HmorpInnf
containing the families Neetariniidas and Meliphagidae
(Sun Birds and Honey-eaters). By Hans Gadow, M.A.,
Ph.D. Pp. xii.j 310. Woodcuts and 7 coloured Plates.
[With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1884,
8vo. 14*.
Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum, Fringilliformcs:
Part I., containing the families Dicieidae, Hinmdinidaj,
Anipelidaa, MniotiltidaB, and Motacillidse. By 11. Bowdler
Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 682. Woodcuts and 12 coloured Plates.
[With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1885, Svo.
1/. 2s.
Vol. XL Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformcs:
Part II., containing the families Co3rebida3, Tanagridaj,
and Icteridse. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S.
Pp. xvii., 431. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] Woodcuts and 1)3 coloured Plates. 1886, Svo. 1 /.
Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringifliformes:
Part III., containing the family Fringillidas. By
R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv., 871. Woodcuts and 16
coloured Plates, [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1888, Svo. II 8s.
Vol.
XIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Seurniformes,
containing the famines Artamidai, Sturnida* Ploceidre. and
4 UbT OF Pt PLICATIONS OF THE
Catalogue 01 the Birds in the British. Museum—continue J.
Alaudidtii. Also the families Atriehiidse and Menuridre.
By E Bowdier Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 701. Woodcuts and 15
coloured Plates, [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Imlev-.] 1S30, ^\o. 1/. Hs."
Vol XIV. Catalogue of the Pa^eriibniies, u' Pending
Birds in the Collect ion of the Brit Mi MUM urn. Otiyomyotfee,
or the families Tyrannidae, Oxu'hamphhhe,
Pipridaj, CotingidcC, Phytotomidas, Plidepittichc, Pittidd*,
Xenicida?, and Eurjla^midce. Bv Philip Lutlev Sclatur,
M.A., FE.S. Pp. xix., 194. Woodcuts and 26 coloured
Platen. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Iudexo-.]
1888, Svo.Ul/. is
Vol. XT. Catalogue of the Pas-eriformes. or Perching BmK
in the Collection of the British. Museum. Tracfie'tphotia,
or the families Dendroeolaptida*, Formidarikhe. Conopophauidas,
and Pteroptochidas. By Philip Lutlev Sektcr,
M.A., F.R.S. Pp. yvii., 371. Woodcuts and 20 coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indoxe-/
1890, 8vo. 1/.
Vol. XVIII. Catalogue of the Picariie in the Collection of
the British Museum. Sca/isores, containing th<* family
Picida?. By Edward Ilargitt. Pp. xv., 597. Wi odcals
and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] IKflO, S\o. 1/. 6s."
'Vol. X J A. Catalogue of the Picaik in tk Colkul n of
the Biitish Museum. Sansons and C< t<'yy s: containing
the families Ehamphastlda*, Galkilida., i\iA ISueeunid*,
by P. L. Sclater; and the kiniHe- Indkaturida,', C'tpiton1" Li ,
Caculida, and Mu-ophagida,, by If. E. Shelley. Pp. xii,
484: ill coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1891, Svo. 1/. 6s
Haiid-Li&t of Genera and Species, of Birds, distinguishing those
contained in the Britibh Museum. By G. It. Grav, F.R.S.,
&c. ;~~
Part 11. Conirobtres, Scanbores, Coluu.btv, and Gallimv
Pp* xv., 278. Table of Genera and Subgenera ; Vmt II.
1870, Svo. 6s.
Part III. Struthioneb, Grallaj, and An^ro, with Indices
of Generic and Specific [Names. Pp. xi., 350. Table of
G-enera and Subgenera: Part III. 1871, Svo. %.
List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British
Museum. By George Robert Gray ;—
Part III., Sections III. and IV. Capitonidas and Picida'.
[With Index.] Pp. 137. 1868, 12mo. 1*. 6<L
Part V. (ialliuai. Pp. I v., 120- [Alphabetical IndexJ
1867, 12ino. Is. 6cl.
* $IOTI\- Volume., XVI. and XVII. ivill be published in the coui-t oi
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).
Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific Ocean
in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert
Gray, E.L.S., &e. Pp. 72, [With tin Alphabetical Index.]
18.39, 8vo, Is. 6d.
REPTILES*
Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodile*, and Arnphi^ba nians in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Br. J. E. Gray, F.R.S.,
tie. Pp. iiii., SO. [Alphabetical Index.] IS41, l2mo." 1$.
Catalogue of Shield Reptiles In the Collection of tlie British
Museum:—
Appendix. By John Edward Grav, F.R S., &c- Pp. 28.
1872, 4to. 2s. 6rf.
Part II., Emydosaurian^ Rhynchocephalia, and Aniphisbtvnian-.
Bv John Edward Grav, F.R.S., tie. Pp. vi.,
11. 25 Woodcuts. 1*72, 4to. 3s." Br/.
ILmd-Li-t of the Specimen^ of Shield Reptiles in the British
Mu^um. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S . &r. Pp. iv., 121.
[With an Alphabetical lnd^x.1 W3 . S\o. is.
Catalogue V>f the Chelonkns, Rlniiehoceplu lian% and Crocodiles in
the British Museum (Xatoial History). Xew Edition. By
George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 73 Woodcuts and 6 Plates. 1889, 8vo.
15?.
Gigantic Land Tortoises (living and extinct) in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Albert C. L. G. Gunther, M.A., M.D.,
Ph.D., F.R.S. Pp. iv., 96, 55 Places, and two Charts of the
Aldabra group of Islands, north-west of Madagascar. [With a
Systematic Synopsis of the Extinct and Living Gigantic Land
Tortoises.] 1877y 4to. 1/. 10.9.
Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural Ilistoiy).
Second edition. By George Albert Boulenger:—
Vol. L Geckonida*, Eublepharida?, Uroplatidn*, Pygopodidas,
Agamidse. Pp. xii., 436. 32 Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 188o, 8vo. 20s.
Vol. II. Iguanidns, Xenosaurida1, Zonurida?, Anguida*,
Anniellidse, Ilelodonnatida*, Varanida*, Xantusiida^ Teiidat,
AniphHj3enida\ Pp. xiii., 497. 24 Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1N85, 8vo. 2l>.
Vol. III. Lacertida*, Gerrhosaurida1, Scincida*, Anelytropida*,
Dibamidfp, ChamsBleontidaj. Pp. \ii., 575. 40 Plates.
[With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical Index to
the three volumes.] 18^7, Svo. 1/. <>s.
Catalogue
of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Dr. Albert Gunther. Pp. xvi, 281. [With
Geographical, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.] Itf58,
12mo. 4*.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
BATBACHIAXS.
Catalogue of the Batracliia Salientia in the Collection of tlie Brith-h
Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xv5., 160. 12 Plate*.
[With Systematic, Geographical, and Alphabetical Inderes.~f
185S, 8vo. 6s.
Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia. -. Eoaudata, in the Collection
of the British Museum. Second edition. By George Albert
Boulenger. Pp. xvi., 503. Woodcuts and 30 Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, 8vo 1/. 10s.
Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia, s Caudata, and Batiacbia
Apoda in the Collection of the British Museum. Second edition.
By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. viiL, 127. 9 Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes] 1882, Svo. Os.
FISHES.
Catalogue of the Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum.
By Dr. Albert Giinther, F.P.S., Ac. :—
Vol. II. Squamipinnes, Cirrhitidne, Triglida?, Trachinida?,
Sciamidas, Polynemida*, Spbyramidas,, Trichiurida*, Seoinbridce,
Carangidre, Xiphiida*. Pp. xxi., 548. [With a
Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] I860, £vo. 8s. 8d.
Vol. III. Gobiidaj, Discoboli, Oxudereida4. Batrachida 3
Pediculati, Blenniida*, Acanthoclinlda*, Comephoridu',
Trachypteiidaj, Lophotida?. Teuthidida*, Acronurida1, IIoplognathida?,
Malaeanthicla1, Xarulida*, Polyceutridn*,
Labyiinthici, Lucioeephalida;, AthH'inida*. Mugllida-,
Ophioeephalida?, Trichonotida*, Cepolida*, GobiehOcida*,
Psychrolutidre, Centribdthe, Fistiilaridm, Ma&taeembi4idaj,
Kotacanthi. Pp. xxv., 5b6. Woodcut?. [With a Systematic
and Alphabetical Index, and a Systematic S)nop>Is
of the families of the Acanthoptorygian Fishes.] 1881,
Svo. 10s. 6d.
Vol. IV. Acanthopterygii Pharyngognathi, Anacanthini.
Pp. xxi., 534. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical
Index.] 1862, Svo. 8s. 6d.
Vol. V. Silurida\ Cluiraehrkhv, HaploeMtonida% Sternoptychida?,
Scopelidse, Storaiatida*. Pp. xxii., 455. Woodcuts.
[With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1864, Svo. 8A*.
Vol. VI. Salmonida?, Percupsiikv, Galaxida*, Morni} rida.%
Gymnarchidae, Esocidaj, Umbridaj, Scornbresocido?, Cjprincdontidae.
Pp.xv., 308. Woodcuts. [With a Systematic
and Alphabetical Index.] 1866, 8YO. *!$.
Vol. VII. Hcterophygii, Cypriniihe, Gonorhynehido*, Ilyodontidae,
Osteoglo&sidas, Clupeida\ Ohiroeontndae, Alopocephalidas,
Notopteridre, Halosauridce. Pp, xx., 512.
Woodcuts. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.]
1868, Svo. 8s.
Vol.VIIL Gymnotidai, Symhranehida*, Muramida}, Pegaddae,
Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii,
Cyclostomata, Leptocardii Pp. xxv., 540. [With
a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1870, Svo. 8s, €{f.
BRITISH MUSEUM (XATOUL HISTORY).
List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii, By J. E. Gray. Pp. x.,
160. 2 Plates. [Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1851,
12nio. 3*.
Catalrgue of Fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore
Gronow, now in the British Museum. Pp. vii., 19G. [Systematic
Index.] ' lb54, 12mo. 3s. Sd.
Catalogue
of Lophobranchiate Fish in the Collection of the British
Museum. By J. J. Kaup, Ph.D., &e. Pp. iv., SO. 4 Plates.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 18oG, 12mo. 2A.
MOLLUSCA.
Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca in the British
Museum. Part I. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., P.E.S., &c.
Pp. xii., 230. 121 Woodcuts. 1857, 8vo. 5A\
Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatian Shells in the British Museum,
collected by Frederick Eeigen. Described by Philip P. Carpenter.
Pp. xyi., 552. 1S57, 12mo. Hs.
List of Mollusca and Shells in the Collection of the British Museum,
collected and described by MM. Eydoux and Souleyet in the
u Voyage autour du Monde, execute pendant les annees 1830 et
'• 1S37S sur la Corvette 'La Bonite/" and in the "Hibtoire
" nafurelle des Mollusques Pteropodes," Par. MM. P. C. A. L.
Hang et Souleyet Pp. iv., 27. 1855, I2mo. 8d.
Catalogue of Pulmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusca, in the Collection
of the British Museum. Part I. By Dr. Louis Pfeilfer.
Pp. iv., 19£. Woodcuts. 1855, 12mo. 2*. Od.
Catalogue of the Auriculidss, Proserpinida}, and Trunealellidae in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Louis Pfeilfer.
Pp. iv., 150. Woodcuts. 1857, 12mo. ls.'Qd.
List of the Mollusca In the Collection of the British Museum. By
John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. Part II. Olividaj. Pp.
41. 1305, 12nio. Is.
Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the Collection of
the British Museum. By M. Deshayes :—
Part 1. Yeneridse, Cyprinidse, Glaueonomidfe, and Petricoladai.
Pp. iv., 210. 1853, 12mo. &?.
Part
IL Pctricoladas (concluded), Corbicuiada\ Pp. ffi.
[With an Alphabetical Index to the two parts] 1H51,
12mo. tkl
BILtOHlOPODA.
Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopoda or Lain}) Shells in the Collection
of the British Mu>eu;n. Pp. iv., 12S L5 Woonetitv [With
an Alphabetical Index.] 1353, I2ino. &v.
8 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF TEE
POLTZOA.
Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part III. OyeLostoinata. By George Busk, F.E.S. Pp.
viii., 39. 38 Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 1875, Svo. o.<r.
CRUSTACEA.
Catalogue of Crustacea in the Collection of the British Mmeum
Part L Leueosiada?. By Thomas Bell. V.P.R.S., Pres. L.S., &c.
Pp. iv., 21. 1855, Svo. 6d.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Aniphipodous Crn>iacea in the
Collection of the British Museum. By C. Spence Bate, F.ILS., &v.
Pp. .iv., 399. 5^ Plates. [Alphabetical Index.] ls<J2, w>,
1/, 5s.
INSECTS.
Coleopterous Insects.
Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collect Ion of the
British Museum:—
Part VI. Passalidrc. By Frederick Smith. Pp. 23. With
Plate and Index. 18,12, l2mo. 8*/.
Part VII. Longieornia, I. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 171.
4 Plates. 1853, 12mn. 2s. id.
Part VIII. Longieornia, II. By Adam White, Pp. 237.
6 Plates 1855, 12mo. 8s. 6d.
Part IX. Cassidida\ By Charles H. Boheman, Profiler of
Natural History, Stockholm. Pp. 225. [With Index.
1856, 12mo. 3s.
Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection
of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollnston, M.A„ F.L.S.
Pp. xvi., 234 Plate. [With a Topographical Catalogue aiul
Alphabetical Index.] 1857, Svo. Bs.
Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaiies in the Collection
of the British Museum. By T, Vernon WolUifeton, M.A.,
F.L.S. Pp. xiiL, 648. [With Topographical and Alphabetical
Indexes,] 1864, 8vo. 10s. ®d.
List of the Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I. Cucujida?, &c. By Frederick Smith. Pp> ii, 25.
1851, 12mo. 6d.
Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the Collection
of the British Museum, Part 1. Lycidao. By Charles Owen
Waterhouse. Pp. x., 83, 18 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, Svo. 16*.
Catalogue
of Halticidas in the Collection of the British Museum.
By the Eev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S. Physapodea and
CEdipodos. Part I. Pp. xli.? 301, Frontispiece and 9 Plates.
1860, 8vo. 7s.
BRITISH K"0SETO1 (XATUEAL HISTOBY).
Catalogue of Hispidae in the Collection of the British Muse-am. By
Joseph S. Baiy, M.E.S., &c. Part I. Pp. x., 172. 9 Plates.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1358, 8vo. 6s.
Hymenopterous Insects,
Catalogue of Hymenoplerous Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12rno.:—
Parfe L Andrenidas and Apidie. Pp. 197. 6 Plates. 1853,
2s. 6d.
Part II. Apidae. Pp. 199-465. 6 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1854, 6s.
Part III. Miitillidae and Poinpilidae. Pp. 206. 6 Plates.
1855, 6s.
Part IV. Sphegidas, Larridae, and Crabronidse. Pp. 207-497.
6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1850, 6s.
Part V. Vespida\ Pp. 147. 6 Plate?. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1857, 6s.
Part VI. Formicidae. Pp.216. 14 Plates. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1*58, (5*.
Part VIL Dorvlidiii and Thynnidie. Pp. 76. 3 Plates.
[Alphabuticaflndex.] 1859, 2s.
Descriptions of New Species of Hyraenoptera in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Frederick Smith. Pp. xxi., 240. [Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 10s.
List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the Typical
Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I., Tenthredinidse and
SiricidtB. By W. F. Kirby. Tp. xxviii, 450. 16 coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, 8vo.
1/. 18.s-.
Dipterous Insects,
List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo.: —
Part 11. Pp. 231 - IS L 1819, 12mo. 3*. 6d.
Part III. Pp. 485-687. 1849, 12mo. Ss.
Part IV. Pp. 689-1172. [With an Index to the four parts,
and an Index of Donors.] 1819, I2mo. 6s.
Part VI. Supplement II. Acroceridae and part of the
family Asiiidse. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. Pp. ii., 331—
506." 8 Cuts. 185£, 12mo. 3.s\
Part VII. Supplement III. Asilidsa. Pp. ii., 507-775.
1855, 12mo. 3*. 6d
Lepidopteroas Insects.
Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera In the
Collection of the British Museum :—
Part III. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xvitL, 82. 41-60
coloured Plates. [Systematic Index ] 1879, 4to. 21. 10A-.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heteroeera, &c—
continued.
Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii., 74. 78-100
Coloured Plates. [Systematic Index.] 1881, 4to. 21. 10s.
Part TI. By Arthui Gardiner Butler. Pp. x?, 89. 101-120
Coloured Plates. [Systematic Index.] 18S6, 4to. 21. 4$.
Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. iv., 124. 121138
Coloured Plates. [Systematic List.] 1889, 4to. 21,
Part VIII. The Lepidoptera Heteroeera of the Xilgiri
District. By George Francis Ilampson. Pp. iv., 14 L
139-156 Coloured Plates. [Systematic Li>t] 1^91, 4to.
21.
Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyrklaa in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler,
F.L.S., Ac. Pp. vi., 211. 5 Plates. [Alphabetical Index.]
1868, 8vo. 5*. 6d.
Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the
Collection of the British Museum. Bv Arthur Gardiner Buti«T,
F.L.S., <fec. Pp. iv., 303. 3 Plates. 1869, 8\ o. 7s. 6d.
Specimen of a Catalogue of Lyca3iiidaa in the British Museum. Bv
W. C. Hewitbon. 'Pp. 15. 8 coloured Plates. 1802, 4to. 1/. U.
List of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Milium.
Part I. Papiliondire. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. Pp. 103. [Alphabetical
Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s.
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo.;—
Part III. Lepidoptera Heteroeera. Pp. 582-775. IN35. 3s.
Part IV. Pp, 770-976. 1855. 3.*.
PartV. Pp. 977-1257. 1855. 4s.
Part VI. Pp. 1258-1507. Ls5o.3A.6r7.
Part VII. Pp. 150S-1S0S. [With
an Alphabetical Index to Parts I.-VII.] 1856. 45'. 6d.
Part XL Noctuid*. Pp. 492-764. 1857. 3*. 6/7.
Part XII. Pp. 705-982. 1857. 3v. Or/.
Part XV. • Pp. 1520-1888. [With an Alphabetical
Index to Parts IX.-XV.] 1858. 4s. Or/.
Part XVI. Deltoides. Pp. 253. 1858. 3s. 6d.
Part XIX. Pyralites. Pp. 799-1036. [With an Alphabetical
Index to Parts XVI.-XIX.] 1859. ds. &/.
Part XX. Geometrites. Pp. 1-270. I860. 4*.
Part XXL Pp. 277-198. 1860. 3*.
Part XXII. - Pp. 499-755. 1861. ds. Gd.
Part XXIII. Pp. 756-1020. 1801. 3s. Or/.
Part XXIV. • Pp. 1021-1280. 1802. 2s. Or/.
Part XXV. Pp. 1281-1477. 1862. 3s.
Part XXVI. Pp. 1478-1790. [With an Alphabetical
Index to Parts XX.-XXVL] 1802. 4s. Gd.
Part XXVII. Crambites and Tortricites. Pp. ] -286. 1803. 4A*.
Part XXVIII.
Tortricites and Tineites, Pp, 237-50],
1803. 4*.
BRITISH MUSEUM (XATUiUX HISTORY).
LKt of the Specimen* of Lepl dopier on ^ Injects, &c.—continued*
Part XXIX. Tineites. Pp. 562-835. 1864. 4s.
Part XXX. — Fp. 836-1096. [With an Alpha
betical Intkx to Parts XXVII.-XXX.] 1864. 4?.
Part XXXI. Supplement. Pp. 1-321. 1864. 5s.
Part XXXII. Part 2. Pp. 322-7015. 1S63,
OS.
Part XXXIII. — Part3. Pp. 707-1120, 1S65.
6s.
Part XXXIV. Part 4. Pp. 1121-1533. 1865*
js. 6d.
Part XXXV. Part 5. Pp. 1534-2010. [With
an Alphabetical Index to Part'? XXXI.-XXXV.] 1866.
7s.
Xeuropierom Instcts.
Catalogue of flu* Specimens of Xeuropteroti^ Injects in Ike Collection
of the British Museum:-
Part L (Phrvuanide*--Perlidcs) By Franel< Walker.
Pp. h\, 192. "Ib52, I2mo. 2*. Gel
Part II. Sialidai—Xemopteride*. By Francis Walker.
Pp. ii., 193-476: 1853, 12ino. 3A Gd.
Par!; III. Termitidte—EphemeridiB. By Francis Walker.
Vp. ii., 477-585. 1853, 12mo, 1*. Gd.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Xeuropterons Injects in the Collect inn
of the British Museum. By Dr. H, Hagcn. Part I. Tcrmitina.
Tp. 34. 1858, 12mo. Gd.
Orthoptewm Inserts.
Catalogue of Orthopierouft Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I. Phasmidas. By John Obadiah Westwood,
F.L.S., &c. Pp. 105. 48 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.]
1859, 4to. 31
Catalogue of the Specimens of Blailarise in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 23S.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1868, Hvo. 5s. Or/.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Sanatoria and Supplement
to the Blatttirioe in the Collection of the British MUHUHU.
(-ir\llida\ Blaltariae. Looustidse. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., ki\
Pp. 224. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 8vo. os.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Dormaptera Saltatorla in the Collection
of the British Museum : —
Part II. Locustidae (continued). By Francis Walker, F.L.S.,
Ac. Pp. 225-423. [With an Alphabetical Index.] J869,
Svo. 4s. Gd.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
Catalogue of the Specimens of Derniaptera Sultatoria> &c.—canti'iited.
Pare III. Locustidae (continued). Acrididse. By Francis
Walker, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 425-604. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1870, 8vo. 4s.
Part IV. Acrididse (continued). By Francis Walker, F.L.S.,
&c. Pp. 605-809. [With an Alphabetical Index'.] 1S70,
8vo. 6s.
Part V. Tettigidae. Supplement to the Catalogue of Blaftarias;
Supplement io the Catalogue of Dermaptera Sultatoria;
and a description of the Geographical Distribution
of Dermaptera. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &e. Pp. Nil850;
43, 116. [With Alphabetical Indexes.] 1870, 8u>,
6s.
Hemipterons Insects,
Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Heiniptera in the Collection
of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.IJ.»S,, ke.
8vo. :—
Part I. Scutata. Pp. 240. 1887, 5s.
Part II. Scutata (continued). Pp. 241-117. 1H<>7, 4s.
Part III. Pp. 418-599. [Willi an Alphabetical Imhx to
Parts L, II., III., and Summary of Geographical Di&lribu
tion of the Species mentioned.] 1808, 4s. 67/.
Part IV". Fp. 211. [Alphabetical Index."1 1871, Mo. (KS.
Part V. Pp. 202. '• I<%72, 8vo. ,3A.
Part VI. Pp.210. 1873, H\o. on.
Part VIL Pp. 213. 1873, Bvo. ik.
Part VIII, Pp. 220, —• 187,% 8vo. <fc. <W.
Homopterous Insects.
List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of lie
British Museum. By Francis Walker;—
Part L Pp. 260. 1850, I2mo. 36'. (kL
Part II. Pp. 261-637. 1851, I2mo. 5*.
Part IV. Pp. ix., 909-1188. 8 Plates'. [Alphabetical Index
to the four parts.] 1852, l2mo. 4s,
Supplement. Pp. ii.,369. [Alphabetical Index.] 1858, J2mo
4*. CxL
VERMES.
Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms', contained
in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Baird. Fp. iy.,
132. 2 Plates. [With an Index of the Animals in which the
Entozoa mentioned in the Catalogue are found; and an Index of
Genera and Species.] 1853, 12mo. 2s.
BRITISH MCSECAI (XATUIU.Ii HISTOET).
AXTHOZOA.
Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pcnnatulariidai in tlie Collection of the
British Museum. By J, E. Gray, P.R.S., &c. Pp. i\\, 40.
2 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. Is. 6d.
Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stonv Corals In the Collection of the
British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. i\\, 31.
14 Woodcuts. 1870/8vo. 3s.
BRITISH ANIMALS.
Catalog tie of British Birds in the Collection of the British Museum.
By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. Pp. xii., 243. List
of Species. 1863, Svo. 3s. 6d„
Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. Second Edition. Part I.
Andivnidns and Apida?. [Catalogue of British Bees,—Xew Issue. |
Pp. xi.* 23G. II Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes/ 1N01, Svo. (5*.
Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymepoptera, Formieida*, and
Ve**pidaj in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick
Smith, V.P.E.S. 'Pp. 23(1 6 Plates. [Willi an Alphabetical
Index.] IS5H, 12mo. 0*.
A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the Collection
of the British Museum. By George Johnston, M.D., Edin.,
F.R.C.L. Md., LL.D. Marisehal Coll. Aberdeen, &c. Pp. 363,
Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1863,
Svo. 7.v.
List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the
British Museum j with Synonyma and References to figures.
12mo. :—
Part
Y. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 1S50. 2nd
Edition. 1856, 12mo. 1*. 9d.
Part VII. Mollusca, Acephala, and Braehiopoda. By Dr.
J. E. Gray. 1851, !2mo. 3*. 6d.
Part XI. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects, Bv II. Denny.
1852. I*.
Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By Frederick
Smith. Pp. ii., 74. 1833, 12mo. Is. 4d.
Tint XIV, Nomenclature of Neuropicra. By Adam White.
Pp. ii., 16. 1853, 12mo. 6d.
Part
XV. Nomenclature ef Diptera, I. By Adam White.
Pp. ii., 42. 1833, 12mo. 1$,
PLANTS.
List of British Diatomaceae in the Collection of the British Museum.
By the Rev. W. Smith, F.L.S., &c, Pp. iv., 55. 1859, *2mo. Is.
LIST OF PUBTICATIONS OF THE
FOSSILS.
Catalogue of the Fo^il Mammalia in the British Mu-eum (N*tt*md
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S. i—
Part I. Containing the Orders Primates. Chiroptera. In-* etivora,
Carnivora, and Rodentia. Pp. xxx., 2f>. ;*;>
Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Jnd^xe-~
1885, 8vo. os.
Part II. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder ArtJjdaetjk.
Pp. xxii~.? 321. 39 Woodcuts. [With SwHvtie
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1S8J, SVO. 6S.
Part III. Containing the Order Ungulate, Suborder- Peii—
podactyla, Toxodontia, Condylarthra, and Ambhpodu,
Pp. xvi,, 186. 30 Woodcut?. [With Sy-teiiiarfe Index,
and Alpl abetical Index of* Genera and Specie?* iiT»bid:L<4
Synonyms.] 1886, Svo. 4s.
Part IT. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Probo—
cidea. Pp. xxiv,, 233. 32 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
Index and Alphabetical Index of Genera anil Species,
including Synonyms.] 1887, 8vo. us.
Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders Sirenia,
Cetacea. Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotreinnta, tvA
Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 315. 55 Woodcut.-. IVi'li
Systematic Index and Alphabetical Index of Crenel^ a'>d
Species, including Synonyms.] 1SS7, 8\o. (U.
Catalogue of the Fossil Birth in the Brifi-h J»h *en > /XtitM,!
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A. Pp. xwii. 3'3*. 7"
Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index and Alpha* etleal Index oi
Genera and Species, including Synonyms] Is^L Svo. 10.. 0//.
Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Fossil Repfilia of Sn»ah
Africa in the Collection of the British Mu>eum. Bv Riehaid
Owen, C.B., F.R.S., &c. Pp. xIL, 8S. 70 Plates. * ^Wlth n
Tabular view of the Fo&siiiferous strata of the eaithJ 1^71*.
4to. 3/. 3*.
Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the Brhidi
Museum (Natural Hi&tory). By Richard Lydekker, B.A.,
F.GJS.:—
Part I. Containing the Orders Oniithc^aiiria, Cioeodliia,
Dinosauria, Squamata,Rhynehoeephalla, and Proleiohaiirk.
Pp. xxviii., 309. 69 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index
and Alphabetical Index cf Genera and Specie?, including
Synonyms.] 1888, Svo. 7s. 6d.
Part II, Containing the Orders Iclithyopterygia and Saiiropterygia.
Pp. xxi., 307. 85 Woodcuts. [With Sy>tematic
Index and " Alphabetical Index of Genera and* Specie,
including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7.?-6(L
Part III. Containing the Order Cbelonia. Pp. xviii., 230.
53 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index end Alphabetical
Index o£ Genera and Species, including SyiionxmO
1889, 8vo. 7s. 6d> ' *
•Part IV.
Containing the Orders Anomodonfia, Eeaudata,
Caudata, and Labyrinthodontia ; and Supplement. Pp.
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 15
Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia, &e.~continued.
xxiil., 205. 66 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index,
Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including
Synoil) m<9 and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species
to the entire work.] 1890, Svo. 7s. (5«/.
Caiab.uue of the Fo-sil Fishes in the .British Museum (Natural
lli-toryj. By Arthur Smith Woodward, F.G.S., F.Z.S. :—
Fart I. Containing the Elasmobranchii. Pp. xlvii., 474.
13 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and
Systematic. Index of Genera and Species.] 1889, 8vo.2is.
Part II. Containing the Elasmobranchii (Acanthodii), Holoeephali,
Ichthyodorulites, Ostracodermi, Dipnoi, and Teleostonii
(Cror-sopterygh and Chondrostean Actinopterygii).
Pp. xliv., 567. 58* Woodcuts and 16 Plates. [With Alphabetical
index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.]
1891, Svo. 21 j .
Sy-toui itic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and
E ;(• jiii Mullu^ca iu the Bnti>h Museum (Natural History), with
ixvivne- to the npa--peeiinens from similar horizons contained
in other collection** belonging to the Geological Department of the
MUM-JIU. By Richard Bullcn Newton, F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 365.
[ With tablt* of Families and Genera, Bibliography, Correlation-
table, Appendix,; and Alphabetical Index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s,
Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum
(Natural History). By Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. :—
Part I. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea, consisting
of the families Orthoceratidae, Endoceratidas, Actinoceratidie,
Gomphoeeratidas, Ascoceratidas. Poterioeeratkhe,
Cyrtoeeratkhe, and Supplement. Pp. xxxi,, 344. 51
Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888,
Svo. 10*. 6d.
Part XL Containing the remainder of the Suborder Nautiloidea,
consisting of the families Lituitida±, Trochoceratida?,
Kautilidaj, and Supplement. Pp. xxviii., 407. 86 Woodcuts.
[With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of
Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo. 15a.
A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and
the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By Henry Woodward,
F.R.S. Pp. xii., 155. [With an Alphabetical Index.]
lb77, 8vo. 3s.
Catalogue of the Biastoidea in the Geological Department of the
British Museum (Natural History), with an account of the morphology
and .systematic* position of the group, and a revision of the
gessora and bpeeies. (Illustrated by 20 plates, &e.) By Robert
Ftheridgc, Jan., of the Department of Geology, British Museum
I Natural History), and P. Herbert Carpenter, D.Se., F.B.S.,
F.L.S. (of Eton College)* [With a preface by Dr. II. Woodward,
Table of Contents, General Index, Explanation of the Plates, &c."|
Pp. xv., o2± 1.S80, 4to. 25*.
16 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
Catalogue of the Fossil Sponges in the Geological Department of the
British Museum (Natural History). With descriptions of new
and little-known species. By George Jennings Hinde, Ph.D.,
F.G.S. Pp. viii., 248. 38 Plates. [With a Tabular List of
Species, arranged in Zoological and Stratigraphical sequence, and
an Alphabetical Index.] 1883, 4to. 1/. 105.
Catalogue of the Fossil Forarniniferainthe British Museum
(Natural
History;. By Professor T. Eupert Jones, F.R.S., <fce. Pp. xxiv.,
100. [With Geographical and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, 8vo. 5s.
Catalogue of the Paheozoic Plants in the Department of Geology
and Palaeontology, British Museum (Natural History). By
Robert Kidston, F.G.S, Pp. viii., 288. [With a list of works
quoted, and an Index.] 1886. 8vo. 5s.
GUIDE-BOOKS.
{To bz obtained only at the Museum.)
A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History^, Cromwell
Road, London, S.W. [By W„ H. Flower.] With 2 Plans,
2 views of the building, and an illustrated cover. Pp. 74. 1891,
8vo. 3c/.
Guide to the Galleries of Mammalia (Mammalian, Osteological,
Cetacean) in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum
(Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 3rd Edition. Pp. 125.
57 Woodcuts and 2 Plans. Index. 1887, 8vt>. 4J.
A Guide to the Gould Collection of Humming Birds, British
Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] oth Edition.
Pp. 22. With Map showing the distribution of Humming Birds.
1889, 8vo. 2d.
Guide to the Gallery of Reptilia in the Department of Zoology of
the British Museum (Natural History;. [By A. Giinther.] 2nd
Edition. Pp. 30. 22 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1886, 8vo. 2d.
Guide to the Galleries of Reptiles and Fishes in the Department of
Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A.
Giinther.] 2nd Edition. Pp. iv., 119. 101 Woodcuts and 1
Plan. Index. 1888, 8vo. 6d.
Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries (Mollusca, Echinodermata,
Vermes), in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum
(Natural History). "[By A. Giinther.] 2nd Edition. Pp.iv., 74.
51 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1888, Svo. 4d.
A Guide to the Exhibition Galleries cf the Department of Geology
and Paleontology in the British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, London, S.W. [By Henry Woodward. New
Edition.]-—
Part L Fossil Mammals and Birds. Pp. xiL, 103. 119
Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1890, 8vo. 6d.
Part II. Fossil Reptiles, Fishes, and Invertebrates. Pp. xii..
109. 9i Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1890, 8vo. 6d.
•
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTwRT). tl
Guide to the Collection of Fossil Fishes in the Department of
Geology and Palaeontology, British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, South Kensington. [By Henry Woodward.] 2nd
Edition. Pp. 51. 81 Woodcuts. Index. 1888, 8vo. M,
A Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural
History). [By L. Fletcher.] Pp. 32. Plan. 1889, 8vo. Id.
An Introduction to the 'Study of Mineral-?, with a Guide to the
Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell
Road, S.W. [By L. Fletcher.] Pp. 120. Diagrams.
Plan of the Mineral Gallery. Index. 1889, Svo. 6d.
The Student's Index to the Collection of Minerals, British Mu-eiim
(Natural History). New Edition. Pp. 27. With a plan of the
Mineral Gallery: 1890, Svo. 2d.
An Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a Libt of the
Meteorites represented in the Collection. [By L. Fletcher.]
[With a Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to the
Meteorites represented in the Collection.] Pp. 91. 1890, 8vo. 3d.
W. II. FLOWER,
Director.
British Museum
(Natural History),
Cromwell Koad,
London, S.W.
August 1st, 1891.
IJ o N h o x ; Printed by E Y it K ami S i* o i T I S W O O i* c,
Printers to the Queen's must Excellent Maje*tj.
JFor Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
[7144.—3t»0H & 250.- 8/91.1
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